WO2001063324A2 - Procedes de formation de couches adhesives uniformes et de formation de revetements noirs a grains tres fins sur des ecrans optiques plans - Google Patents

Procedes de formation de couches adhesives uniformes et de formation de revetements noirs a grains tres fins sur des ecrans optiques plans Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001063324A2
WO2001063324A2 PCT/US2001/005353 US0105353W WO0163324A2 WO 2001063324 A2 WO2001063324 A2 WO 2001063324A2 US 0105353 W US0105353 W US 0105353W WO 0163324 A2 WO0163324 A2 WO 0163324A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adhesive
stack
optical
panel
reservoir
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/005353
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001063324A3 (fr
Inventor
Calvin Brewster
Leonard De Santo
Original Assignee
Brookhaven Science Associates
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brookhaven Science Associates filed Critical Brookhaven Science Associates
Priority to CA002400749A priority Critical patent/CA2400749A1/fr
Priority to EP01916133A priority patent/EP1275028A4/fr
Priority to AU2001243194A priority patent/AU2001243194A1/en
Priority to US10/204,573 priority patent/US6836613B2/en
Publication of WO2001063324A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001063324A2/fr
Publication of WO2001063324A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001063324A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1284Application of adhesive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10733Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing epoxy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10908Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
    • B32B17/10917Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form between two pre-positioned glass layers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed generally to planar optical displays and, more particularly, to a method of creating uniform adhesive layers in a planar optical display and a method of producing a black cladding layer having small particulate size for use in a planar optical display.
  • planar optical displays provide pictures without the use of a picture tube, thereby allowing for flatter display screens than picture tube displays.
  • planar optical displays use a black cladding layer between optical panel waveguide layers, and the cladding layer can provide limitations on screen size and resolution. For example, uneven thickness of the cladding layer at the optical input face to the POD makes it difficult to couple the light from a rectangular image source into the POD if the POD input face is not perfectly rectangular. Variations in the thickness of the cladding layer are primarily due to variations in the particle size of the black pigment used to create the black cladding layer. In fact, a typical display screen having a thickness of 2 inches might have 0.030" to 0.040" thickness variation across its width.
  • bubbles may sometimes appear in the finished output face of the POD.
  • a bubble may show as a light spot in the output picture, or an area of reduced contrast in the output picture.
  • bubbles are a visible annoyance to the viewer, and are difficult to overcome, even by adding filtering layers between the viewer and the bubbles.
  • variability in the particle size of the black pigment particles used in the cladding layers leads to picture non-uniformities.
  • the particle size can vary from 5 microns to approximately 50 microns, with an average particle size of about 40 microns. Particles of finer sizes, as small as 0.05 microns, clump together into larger particles having sizes of 5 to 10 microns when taken out of the solution into which those particles were pulverized.
  • planar optical display that has a uniformity in the thickness of the black cladding layer, and that has a smaller particle size of the particles in the black cladding layer, while eliminating bubbles from the black cladding layer.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of creating uniform adhesive layers in a planar optical display.
  • the method includes providing an adhesive reservoir, providing at least two optical panels, placing spacers between the top edges of the optical panels and the bottom edges of the optical panels, or between the left and right sides of the optical panels, thereby forming a stack of optical panels having at least one uniform gap between adjacent ones of the optical panels, placing the stack into a panel reservoir having a height and a width, which panel reservoir is connected to the adhesive reservoir by a fluid path, and injecting adhesive from the adhesive reservoir through the fluid path into the bottom of the panel reservoir until each uniform gap is filled.
  • the present invention also includes a method of producing a black cladding layer having small particulate size for use in a planar optical display.
  • the method includes providing black pigment having a fine particulate size of approximately 0.05 microns, placing the particulates in solution, filtering the epoxy having the fine black particles in solution, stacking a plurality of optical panels in a fixture in the presence of the filtered epoxy, and curing the stack.
  • the present invention solves problems experienced with the prior art because the variability in the uniformity due to bubbles and clumped particles of the black cladding layer is decreased by a factor of 20 through the use of the methods of the present invention, smaller particle sizes increase screen uniformity and allow for greater flatness of the POD, and the use of less black pigment, by weight, made possible by the present invention increase the optical efficiency of the POD.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of creating uniform adhesive layers in a planar optical display
  • FIG. 1 A is schematic illustration of the hardware used in the method of creating uniform adhesive layers in a planar optical display
  • FIG. IB is an illustration of a retractable spacer block for use in the method of creating uniform adhesive layers in a planar optical display
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a black cladding layer having small particulate size for use in a planar optical display
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the stacking of optical panels performed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of creating uniform adhesive layers in a planar optical display 100.
  • the method includes the step 110 of providing an adhesive reservoir, the step 112 of providing at least two optical panels, the step 114 of placing spacers between the top edges of the optical panels and the bottom edges of the optical panels, or of inserting a retractable spacer block between adjacent sides of adjacent ones of the optical panels, thereby forming a stack of optical panels having at least one uniform gap between adjacent ones of the optical panels, the step 116 of placing the stack into a panel reservoir having a height and a width, which panel reservoir is connected to the adhesive reservoir by a fluid path, and the step 118 of injecting adhesive from the adhesive reservoir through the fluid path into the bottom of the panel reservoir until each uniform gap is filled.
  • an adhesive reservoir is provided.
  • the adhesive reservoir is filled with adhesive for fastening adjacent optical panels together.
  • the adhesive has a refractive index lower than that of the optical panels.
  • the adhesive has refractive index of 1.43, and the optical panels have a refractive index of 1.52.
  • One adhesive which may be used in the present invention is OG-135 manufactured by Epoxy Technology, Inc. of Billerica, Ma.
  • At step 112 at least two optical panels are provided.
  • the optical panels are preferably transparent sheets, and may be formed of, for example, plexiglass.
  • Each optical panel has a top edge, a bottom edge, a left edge, a right edge, a front face and a back face.
  • spacers are placed between the top edges of each two optical panels and the bottom edges of each two optical panels, or a retractable spacer block, as shown in FIG. IB, is inserted between adjacent sides of adjacent ones of the optical panels.
  • the optical panels are then stacked, with spacers between each two optical panels, thus forming a stack of optical panels having at least one uniform gap between adjacent ones of the optical panels.
  • the stack of optical panels is placed into a panel reservoir.
  • the panel reservoir must be liquid tight on all sides, and on the bottom, but may be open at the top, or may have a removable top.
  • the panel reservoir is connected to the adhesive reservoir by a fluid path.
  • the stack may, in one embodiment, be placed in such a manner that the at least one uniform gap is parallel to the height of the panel reservoir.
  • adhesive is injected from the adhesive reservoir through the fluid path into the bottom of the panel reservoir.
  • the liquid adhesive is injected and allowed to rise and displace the air between the panels.
  • This injection may be pressure forced, or may be the product of gravity where the adhesive reservoir is placed at a height above the panel reservoir, and where a stop normally present in the fluid path is removed.
  • the stop may be, for example, a valve.
  • the injecting step is continued until each uniform gap is filled.
  • the adhesive is further purified of bubbles and debris as it enters the gaps.
  • This further purification may be performed, for example, by ultrasonically vibrating the stack as the adhesive is injected, by mechanically vibrating the stack as the adhesive is injected, or by applying a vacuum to the stack as the adhesive is injected, to remove all traces of air that might form bubbles.
  • the spacers may be removed at step 120.
  • FIG. 1 A is schematic illustration of the hardware used in the method of the present invention, up to, but not including, step 120.
  • the adhesive reservoir 210 is shown connected to the panel reservoir 212 by fluid path 214.
  • Valve 216 when opened, allows adhesive 218 to flow to fill the uniform gaps 220 between each panel 222.
  • the panels are separated by spacers 226.
  • the spacers 226 must be of a material which will not seize to the adhesive.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a retractable spacer block 230 used in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the retractable spacer block 230 has a plurality of raised spacers 226 mounted thereon.
  • the retractable spacer block 230 is formed of a V ⁇ inch thick Teflon plate, having a plurality of grooves cut therein.
  • a retractable spacer block 230 is placed in two opposing of the four sides of the panel reservoir 212.
  • the retractable spacer block 230 is placed to allow insertion into the volume of the panel reservoir 212, and retraction out of the volume of the panel reservoir 212.
  • the retractable spacer blocks 230 on opposite sides of the panel reservoir allow optical panels 222 to be stacked vertically within the opposing spacers 226, thereby creating a stack of panels 222 having a uniform gap 220 between ones of the adjacent panels.
  • the retractable spacer block may be inserted and retracted using manual, mechanical or electrical means, as is known in the art.
  • the stack may be evenly pressurized after the injecting.
  • the stack must then be laid on its side, such that the panels are horizontal to the horizon, before pressurizing.
  • This pressurizing squeezes excess adhesive from each uniform gap.
  • the pressurizing may be, for example, a weighting at 1-1/2 lbs per square inch for 8 hours in a preferred embodiment, although greater weights may be used with shorter times, or lesser weights for longer times, or different weights and times dependant on the properties of the adhesive.
  • the weight added and time used must not cause the cladding to become too thin, however.
  • the panels must be separated by at least 0.5 microns of cladding for proper operation.
  • the adhesive is cured after completion of the injecting step 118.
  • the curing step 130 may include, for example, heating the stack to 50 degrees Celsius for 8 hours, then to 100 degrees Celsius for 8 hours, then to 150 degrees Celsius for 8 to 12 hours, followed by a cooling of the stack for 12 hours.
  • Other time and temperature combinations may be used , and will vary according to the type of adhesive and type of panel used.
  • the stack may be cut into at least two planar optical displays at step 140.
  • the stack is cut diagonally to form two planar optical displays, each having an input face and an output face, at step 140.
  • a piece of glass may be index matched to the input face of each planar optical display, and the index matched glass may be fastened to the input face using an index matched adhesive, at step 150.
  • the thickness of the indexed matched glass may vary, but in one embodiment, the indexed matched glass has a thickness of 0.008", and the adhesive has a refractive index matching that of the glass. In one embodiment, the refractive index is 1.52.
  • the index matching of a piece of glass to the input face of the optical panel eliminates the need to grind and optically polish the input face.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of producing a black cladding layer having small particulate size for use in a planar optical display 300.
  • the method 300 includes the step 310 of providing black pigment having a fine particulate size, step 320 of placing the particulates in solution, step 330 of filtering the epoxy, step 334 of stacking the optical panels in a fixture in the presence of the filtered epoxy, and step 366 of curing the stack.
  • black pigment having particulate size in the range of 0.05 microns is provided.
  • the black pigment may be provided, for example, by removing the black particulates from the wicks of a plurality of "magic markers", at step 310A.
  • the wicks are placed in the presence of methanol, and placed in an ultrasonic cleaner, thereby removing the black pigment, at step 310B.
  • this process to remove the black pigment is repeated three times.
  • the washes of the wicks are then allowed to evaporate to dryness at step 316.
  • epoxy is added to the wash at step 320 and stirred at step 322, for example, with a magnetic stirrer, until the pigment from the washes is in suspension with the epoxy.
  • stirring may be performed for up to 1 week.
  • the epoxy is filtered at step 330.
  • the epoxy consists of six percent by weight of pigment at step 322.
  • the filtering step 330 is performed through a Whatman® #1 filter paper.
  • a fixture is provided at step 332, for stacking optical panels therein. The fixture for stacking the glass is lined with Teflon sheet. The fixture is placed on an angle when provided, and the angle is preferably about 20 degrees from the horizontal. A small amount of epoxy is then poured into the fixture, filling the lower section of the fixture to about 25%, at step 336.
  • Optical panels are stacked at step 340, one at a time, within the fixture, by immersing the lower edge of the panel in the epoxy, while keeping the top edge raised. The top edge is then slowly lowered to force the epoxy up the incline of preferably about 20 degrees, thereby forcing air out from in between each optical panel.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the stacking at steps 332, 336, and 340.
  • the spacers are retracted at step 344.
  • gentle pressure may then be applied to a covering window glass placed over the stack, at step 346.
  • the pressure may be applied by hand, or a pressure in the range of 0.5 psi may be placed on top of the window glass.
  • Steps 340, 344, and 346 are then preferably repeated until up to 600 sheets of glass have been stacked.
  • the fixture, containing the stack therein is preferably transferred to a cold oven at step 360, and pressure in the range of 1.5 psi may be added equally across the stack at step 362.
  • the stack is then cured at step 366.
  • Curing may include, for example, keeping the weighted fixture in the oven at ambient temperature for 24 hours, baking the stack in the oven at 50 degrees centigrade for about 16 hours, baking the stack at 100 degrees centigrade for 24 hours, and then baking the stack at 150 degrees for 24 hours. The stack is then allowed to cool to room temperature.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé de formation de couches adhésives uniformes sur des écrans optiques plans consistant: à se procurer un réservoir d'adhésif et au moins deux panneaux optiques; à placer des entretoises entre les panneaux optiques de manière à former un empilement de panneaux dont deux d'entre eux contigus au moins sont séparés par un intervalle uniforme; à placer la pile dans un réservoir de panneau, présentant une hauteur et une largeur, et communiquant avec le réservoir d'adhésif par un canal; puis à injecter l'adhésif de son réservoir via le passage dans la base du réservoir de panneau jusqu'au remplissage de tous les intervalles. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de formation de revêtements noirs à grains très fins sur des écrans optiques plans consistant à: se procurer un pigment noir d'une taille de grains d'environ 0,05 microns; à le mettre en solution; à filtrer la solution d'époxyde; à empiler plusieurs panneaux optiques dans un appareil en présence de la résine filtrée; et à faire durcir l'empilement.
PCT/US2001/005353 1999-05-26 2001-02-21 Procedes de formation de couches adhesives uniformes et de formation de revetements noirs a grains tres fins sur des ecrans optiques plans WO2001063324A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002400749A CA2400749A1 (fr) 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Procedes de formation de couches adhesives uniformes et de formation de revetements noirs a grains tres fins sur des ecrans optiques plans
EP01916133A EP1275028A4 (fr) 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Procedes de formation de couches adhesives uniformes et de formation de revetements noirs a grains tres fins sur des ecrans optiques plans
AU2001243194A AU2001243194A1 (en) 2000-02-22 2001-02-21 Method of creating uniform adhesive layers and method of producing black cladding layer having small particulate size in planar optical displays
US10/204,573 US6836613B2 (en) 1999-05-26 2001-02-21 Method of creating uniform adhesive layers and method of producing black cladding layer having small particulate size in planar optical displays

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18412200P 2000-02-22 2000-02-22
US60/184,122 2000-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001063324A2 true WO2001063324A2 (fr) 2001-08-30
WO2001063324A3 WO2001063324A3 (fr) 2002-06-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/005353 WO2001063324A2 (fr) 1999-05-26 2001-02-21 Procedes de formation de couches adhesives uniformes et de formation de revetements noirs a grains tres fins sur des ecrans optiques plans

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1275028A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001243194A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2400749A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001063324A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7481957B1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2009-01-27 3Form Methods for making architectural glass panels with embedded objects

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5980666A (en) * 1995-02-03 1999-11-09 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Process for manufacturing laminated glass window intended for automobiles and capable of reflecting infrared rays
US6012816A (en) * 1996-10-08 2000-01-11 Beiser; Leo Optical projection apparatus and method
US6033518A (en) * 1998-03-23 2000-03-07 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for laminating a composite device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3139688B2 (ja) * 1992-04-23 2001-03-05 セントラル硝子株式会社 防火ガラス体の製造法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5980666A (en) * 1995-02-03 1999-11-09 Saint-Gobain Vitrage Process for manufacturing laminated glass window intended for automobiles and capable of reflecting infrared rays
US6012816A (en) * 1996-10-08 2000-01-11 Beiser; Leo Optical projection apparatus and method
US6033518A (en) * 1998-03-23 2000-03-07 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Method for laminating a composite device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1275028A2 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7481957B1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2009-01-27 3Form Methods for making architectural glass panels with embedded objects
US7776412B1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2010-08-17 3Form, Inc. Architectural glass panels with embedded objects and methods for making the same
US8088457B2 (en) 2004-09-01 2012-01-03 3Form, Inc. Architectural panels with embedded objects
US8241714B2 (en) 2004-09-01 2012-08-14 3Form, Inc. Architectural panels with objects embedded in resin interlayer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001063324A3 (fr) 2002-06-13
CA2400749A1 (fr) 2001-08-30
AU2001243194A1 (en) 2001-09-03
EP1275028A2 (fr) 2003-01-15
EP1275028A4 (fr) 2006-08-30

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