WO2001057520A2 - Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions - Google Patents
Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001057520A2 WO2001057520A2 PCT/EP2001/001333 EP0101333W WO0157520A2 WO 2001057520 A2 WO2001057520 A2 WO 2001057520A2 EP 0101333 W EP0101333 W EP 0101333W WO 0157520 A2 WO0157520 A2 WO 0157520A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- analyte
- association
- concentration
- dissociation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/557—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using kinetic measurement, i.e. time rate of progress of an antigen-antibody interaction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a measurement and evaluation method for determining interaction parameters between an analyte and a ligand, such as, among other things, rate constants or binding partner activities.
- the measurement values are recorded e.g. B. with biosensors in which an i. generally immobilized first binding partner (ligand L) is mixed with a second binding partner (analyte A) and the formation of the ligand-analyte complex LA is recorded over time.
- biosensors for recording the chronological course of the formation of analyte-ligand complexes are known in a wide variety of designs, and other devices such as, inter alia, array systems can also be used for recording such reactions.
- Both the time course of the association of the analyte on the ligand is recorded when the analyte concentration is increased by adding an analyte solution of a certain concentration, and the dissociation when adding a less concentrated solution or with a concentration of zero.
- the course of the complex formation over time is described with the function R (t) or R t , the concentration of the complex or its change over time being denoted by c t (LA) or da (L ⁇ ) / dt.
- Initial rates are used to determine the concentration.
- the initial rates are obtained by placing a straight line in the beginning of the association curve, the slope of which underestimates the initial rate, however, since the straight line does not take into account the curvature of the curve. Furthermore, it is known that when plotting the initial rates in a diagram over the concentration of the analyte c (A), with repeated measurements with different concentrations in each case, theoretically a straight line is obtained through the origin with the slope R ma ⁇ * k ass , where R max the maximum possible response z. B. the biosensor represents the addition of an analyte in excess. However, the slope of this straight line is also falsified by the undervaluation mentioned above, so that this type of diagram is not used to determine k ass .
- Biosensors based on the flow principle or the cuvette principle are used, among other things, to record the measured values, the most varied of measurement methods being known in the prior art.
- flow systems a constant flow of an analyte solution is applied to a sensor surface on which the ligand is immobilized per analysis.
- a preselected constant analyte concentration is approximated.
- cuvette systems a measuring cell is filled with an analyte solution and the reaction with the ligand is recorded on a sensor surface.
- the measurement results are falsified, since the analyte concentration is changed in actual reactions. If several measurement processes with different concentrations are carried out in succession, the cuvette is normally rinsed with a buffer solution or regenerated in some other way, and a solution with a different concentration is then introduced.
- sample loops arranged sequentially or one after the other are known for flow systems, which can be filled in succession and rinsed out into the measuring chamber.
- the sample loops each have a precisely defined volume, which is complex in terms of production technology, and between them an undefined extra volume, which is also referred to as dead volume. Undesired mixing of different solutions can occur in the dead volume.
- the loops can neither be filled from their outlet side nor partially and also not independently of one another; and they cannot be flushed into the measuring chamber independently of one another. 3. Presentation of the invention
- the object of the invention is to provide a method by means of which the measuring times when acquiring the measured values during complex formation can be shortened, the actual conditions during complex formation, i. H. Change in the analyte concentration, are taken into account, and the performance of several measurements in a row without complex rinsing processes such.
- B. is possible in a cuvette, and it is possible to determine the kinetic constants from the initial rates, and under ideal conditions also from the curve exponents.
- the main idea of the invention is that the change in the analyte concentration is taken into account both in the association and the dissociation of the complex.
- the function R assumes an equilibrium value R ' eq which differs from the value R eq .
- association ie adding an analyte of increased concentration to the ligand, depletion of the analyte occurs during the association, which leads to R ' eq being smaller than the theoretical value R eq .
- the analyte solution is e.g. B.
- the initial rate of the function R is independent of whether in the later course an analyte depletion occurs due to binding of the analyte to the ligand or constant analyte concentration is assumed.
- time t 0 there was no reaction between analyte and ligand.
- the exponential coefficient also changes from on to k ' on . In fact, however, the relationship between the individual quantities of the exponential function is preserved, ie:
- ⁇ R ' is the difference between the equilibrium value of the dissociation and the starting value R st of the function R.
- the measurement curve of the function R is recorded until the equilibrium value R ' eq is reached, in order, for. B. with the help of a mathematical program to determine the exponent k ' on or k' o and from this the initial rates of association or dissociation.
- the acquisition of the function R can be terminated at an earlier point in time in order to determine the equilibrium position from an extrapolation of the curve section.
- the exponent k is obtained with a non-linear approximation, but can also be determined using the linear regression of the derivative of the function R.
- the respective association and dissociation rate constants k ass and k d i SS can then be determined from the initial rates according to:
- the starting concentration Co (A) is i. generally determined by the experiment from outside.
- the advantage of the invention is that several times in a row, for. B. in a cuvette, a measurement with a step-by-step change in analyte concentration can be carried out, it not being necessary for each measurement to be completed until the equilibrium value has been reached, but can be stopped beforehand or the concentration of the analyte increased or decreased can be. It is also possible to carry out series of measurements with repeated and alternating successive increase and decrease of the analyte to record association and dissociation curves.
- the concentration in the measuring chamber can be changed step by step at any time during the recording of the measurement results.
- the half-life of the function R is proposed, at which the function, for example in the case of an association, has reached half of its end value R eq .
- the initial concentration c 0 (A) of a solution newly introduced into a measuring chamber can also be determined.
- ⁇ Req-st diss is the difference between the final value, which is ideally 0, and the initial values of R in the dissociation
- c eq '_ d ⁇ ss A
- R eq _ d ⁇ ss Equilibrium value of R after the dissociation
- the method can also be used for evaluation with other affinity biosensors or array systems in solution, as well as with time-resolved ELISA or RIA techniques or other solid-phase-based systems which can be found in the prior art.
- the concentration of the solution is kept constant in a cuvette system by constant addition and removal of part of the solution.
- two cannulas with solutions with which either fresh solution is constantly circulated in the measuring chamber, or with which a part of the solution is continuously removed and fed back in order to simulate a flow system with a constant concentration e.g. B. two cannulas with solutions with which either fresh solution is constantly circulated in the measuring chamber, or with which a part of the solution is continuously removed and fed back in order to simulate a flow system with a constant concentration.
- the dissociation curve when superimposed with the preceding association curve, intersects this association curve exactly in the golden section of the association equilibrium value, which corresponds to the value 0.618 ... * R eq _ ass .
- the K D value can be extrapolated by the application of different analyte starting concentrations and a subsequent regression to the measurement value described above.
- an analyte starting concentration applied numerically in the K D value, must result in the measured cut value described above; otherwise the recorded interaction is not ideal.
- multi-step kinetics allow an analog approach.
- a known biosensor is used, which is equipped with a sensor surface on which the ligands are immobilized. H. are bound.
- This bond can e.g. B. as known in the art via chemical binding of the ligand or with a receptor matched to the ligand.
- a measuring chamber or cuvette is formed above the sensor surface and a solution of the analyte can be applied to it.
- To detect complex formation i. H. the binding of the analyte to the ligand, as well as their time course, various measurement methods can be used, z. B. the detection of the reflectivity of the back of the sensor, which changes with the degree of complex formation c (LA).
- a cannula which is connected to the measuring chamber and either adds the solution and / or sucks it off, is used to introduce the solution into the measuring chamber.
- the measuring chamber can also be equipped with two separate cannulas for adding / removing. It is also possible to apply a flushing liquid through one of the cannulas.
- a device for mixing the solution is present.
- the state of the art shows that the biosensor is preferably equipped with an electronic control and suitable measuring devices and data acquisition software.
- the biosensor is designed in such a way that the solution in the measuring chamber can be exchanged at least partially instantaneously several times with solutions of different analyte concentration, the liquid volume being kept essentially constant. That means that at least part of the Solution in the measuring chamber, or the entire solution, removed and a new solution with a different concentration is added substantially simultaneously. By replacing at least a part of the solution with another solution with the desired concentration, the total concentration in the measuring chamber is changed in a defined manner.
- the type of exchange of the liquid can be carried out as desired within the scope of the invention or can be carried out as set out below. In a flow system the complete solution is exchanged in the measuring chamber, in a cuvette system at least part of it. The repeated exchange of the solution enables a gradual change in the concentration in the measuring chamber in order to be able to carry out the method according to the invention.
- the advantage of the biosensor according to the invention is that e.g. in the case of cuvette systems, the volume of the solution is kept essentially constant and the number of parameters in the mathematical evaluation of the measurement results is thus reduced.
- the instantaneous exchange of the solutions also leads to sharp transitions between individual association or dissociation phases, particularly in flow systems, which is necessary for determining the initial rates.
- At least part of the solution in the measuring chamber is preferably exchanged simultaneously via one or more cannulas.
- the solution is removed with a cannula and a new solution with an arbitrarily selectable concentration is added with another cannula.
- the removal and supply can also take place simultaneously, with the complete exchange of the solution in a cuvette system, the removal or supply is carried out in such a way that the measuring chamber is flushed through in order to avoid remaining undesirable residues.
- the cannulas can also be arranged coaxially, ie one runs in the other, the inner one either taking the solution out or supplying it.
- pumps are provided with which the amount of the solution conveyed can be metered.
- micropumps are used which allow dosing with the desired accuracy in order to take well-defined amounts of solution from the measuring chamber or to supply it to it.
- These pumps can be designed, inter alia, as peristaltic pumps, syringe pumps or piezoelectric pumps, the actuation being carried out with servomotors, electrical drives, etc. and they are also electronically controlled.
- the mixing of the solution in the measuring chamber can also be carried out by sucking in part of the solution with one or more cannulas and immediately pumping it back again, so that the solution is constantly circulated and mixed. Circulation with at least 1 ⁇ l / ml preferably takes place in order to ensure a homogeneous concentration of the solution in the measuring chamber during the formation of the complex.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that two or more so-called sample loops of any volume are present on the measuring chamber in a certain way and can be filled manually and / or automatically by means of a sampler.
- the sample loops are preferably arranged in parallel between two multiple selector valves, this entire arrangement being switchable into the flow through a switching valve.
- the sample loops can be filled outside of the flow on the one hand independently of one another via the selector valves and on the other hand completely or only partially filled via the switching valve from their outflow end, in order, for. B. save analyte solution. After filling, the solution to the last filled sample loop is available at the interface to the flow at the switching valve without any other intermediate volume, ie without so-called dead volume.
- the measuring chamber can be supplied with several different solutions from the individual sample loops one after the other, independently of one another and free of dead volume in the flow, and without any sample loop having to be completely rinsed out or the flow through it having to be directed into another loop.
- concentration of the analyte in the solution in the measuring chamber is kept constant in the first approximation in order to prevent depletion.
- a solution of different concentration is preferably present in each sample loop in order to be able to carry out measurements with different concentrations directly one after the other or to obtain an intermediate concentration between the values in the individual sample loops through the targeted control of sample loops.
- the number of sample loops is practically not limited; However, for the sake of greater flexibility, the entire arrangement mentioned above, including the switching valve, can easily be duplicated, for example, between two double selector valves positioned in the flow. In this way, one set of sample loops can be processed while the other set is being filled and can be switched into the river with practically no dead volume before the last loop of the first set has been completely rinsed out.
- FIG. 1 A design option for the sample application e.g. in a flow measuring system is shown in Figure 1, which is described below.
- Valves 1 and 11 are switching valves with which the corresponding inlets and outlets of the valves are connected, depending on the switching of the two switching positions; the current connections are shown in bold in FIG. 1 and the alternative connections are shown in dashed lines.
- the valves 4, 8, 14, 18, 28 and if desired also 21, 22, 33 and 39 are selector valves with which a central connection, which is shown with a normal line width, can be connected to any of any number of other connections.
- the valves 21, 22, 33 and 39 are shown here by way of example as double selector valves.
- All valve positions can be set manually or automatically and also pre-programmed with, for example, an electric or pressure actuator. All valves are preferably designed in the type of rotary valves used in chromatography, for example in a low-volume micro design, but can also be designed, for example, as solenoid valves.
- 36 is an arbitrarily dimensionable tempering capillary
- 37 is the interaction detection unit, or detector for short, for example of the type of an affinity biosensor.
- All connections shown with normal solid lines consist of capillaries, for example made of Tefzel, PE, PEEK or stainless steel, with any dimensions with regard to inside diameter / outside diameter / length, for example 1 mm / V- ⁇ 6 "/ 0.5 m for connection 31.
- valve 33 is collected in the collector 41, fractionally collected in several vessels or directly coupled with other techniques, for example mass spectrometry
- the components contained in C, framed with a dash dot, can be tempered together, for example by means of a Peltier (not shown here) item generated.
- valve 1 is in the charge position for sample loops 5 through 7, which can be fed through sample inlet 2 either manually or with a sampler automatically with any solutions, i.e. can also be filled with analyte solutions of decreasing concentration, the displaced solutions being flushed into waste 10.
- Minimal voiumina e.g. for micro or test analyzes can be realized by only partially filling connection 3.
- Theoretically unlimited maximum volumes of a solution e.g. For so-called preparations with particularly large sensor surfaces, all sample loops can be filled with the same solution.
- the sample loops 5 to 7 can be filled one after the other and independently of one another and in each case completely or for the purpose of saving samples, and in any case "backwards", ie from their later outlet side. This ensures that, after switching valve 1 into the flow position, the connection 24a is free of dead volume and the solution of the last filling is present Any, step-by-step and synchronous switching of the valves 4 and 8 let the solutions of the other sample loops act on the detector 37 independently and independently of one another.
- This application is shown in B, where components 11 to 20 are mirror images of A in the flow position.
- a and B can be alternately switched to the flow or charge position, so that A is in the flow while B is being filled or vice versa.
- All connecting capillaries and loops ... 3, 9, 13, 19, 23a, b, 24a, b, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 40, 42 and 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17 Depending on the application, their dimensions can be particularly optimized.
- 24a and / or 24b normally contains rinsing or so-called running buffers from the last rinsing or analysis cycle.
- these connecting capillaries can also be designed with a higher volume in order to carry out a washing or dissociation phase in the detector 37 after the loading of the solutions from B or A and the simultaneous switching of the solutions from A or B into the position flow, the duration of which is determined by the volume of 24a or 24b and the flow rate, which may be of interest depending on the application.
- the arrangement is also open for the positioning of further valves and / or pumps for the washing / flushing of any section or for the introduction of further solutions.
- B and / or further duplicates of B can optionally be positioned, for example, in connections 3, 5, 6, 7 or 32 via valve 11.
- association diss dissociation i ith step st respective start value of an association or dissociation eq respective equilibrium value of an association or dissociation net net k on exponential coefficient with association k off exponential coefficient with dissociation
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01915204A EP1259810B1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
DE50111367T DE50111367D1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | ANALYTICAL MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION METHOD FOR MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS |
AU2001242374A AU2001242374A1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
US10/203,169 US7824924B2 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
US12/891,848 US9140699B2 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2010-09-28 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
US16/152,558 US20190033307A1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2018-10-05 | Analytical Measuring and Evaluation Method for Molecular Interactions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10005301A DE10005301A1 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2000-02-07 | Analytical measuring and evaluating process used in immunology, biology and pharmacology comprises adding a ligand to an analyte, recording the association phase, changing and evaluating the analyte molecules, and further processing |
DE10005301.7 | 2000-02-07 |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10203169 A-371-Of-International | 2001-02-07 | ||
US10/203,169 A-371-Of-International US7824924B2 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
US12/891,848 Continuation US9140699B2 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2010-09-28 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001057520A2 true WO2001057520A2 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
WO2001057520A3 WO2001057520A3 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2001/001333 WO2001057520A2 (en) | 2000-02-07 | 2001-02-07 | Analytical measuring and evaluation method for molecular interactions |
Country Status (6)
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US (4) | US7824924B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1259810B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE344455T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001242374A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10005301A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001057520A2 (en) |
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WO2007016344A1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-08 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Detecting and characterizing macromolecular interactions in a solution with a simultaneous measurement of light scattering and concentration |
AU2004245883B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2009-09-24 | Cytiva Sweden Ab | Method and system for determination of molecular interaction parameters |
WO2010028889A1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-03-18 | Kinomics Gmbh | Determination of equilibrium constants in solution by means of multi-step kinetics |
US8222047B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2012-07-17 | Quanterix Corporation | Ultra-sensitive detection of molecules on single molecule arrays |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7824924B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 |
US20030143565A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
US20110077162A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
DE50111367D1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
US9140699B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
ATE344455T1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
DE10005301A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
WO2001057520A3 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
EP1259810B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1259810A2 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
US20190033307A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
US20160003818A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
AU2001242374A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
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