WO2001053864A1 - Wavelength-selective module - Google Patents
Wavelength-selective module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001053864A1 WO2001053864A1 PCT/US2001/002072 US0102072W WO0153864A1 WO 2001053864 A1 WO2001053864 A1 WO 2001053864A1 US 0102072 W US0102072 W US 0102072W WO 0153864 A1 WO0153864 A1 WO 0153864A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wavelength
- module according
- selective
- optical switch
- module
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000168036 Populus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4215—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical elements being wavelength selective optical elements, e.g. variable wavelength optical modules or wavelength lockers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4256—Details of housings
- G02B6/4262—Details of housings characterised by the shape of the housing
- G02B6/4265—Details of housings characterised by the shape of the housing of the Butterfly or dual inline package [DIP] type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4251—Sealed packages
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4256—Details of housings
- G02B6/426—Details of housings mounting, engaging or coupling of the package to a board, a frame or a panel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4274—Electrical aspects
- G02B6/428—Electrical aspects containing printed circuit boards [PCB]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0009—Construction using wavelength filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0037—Operation
- H04Q2011/0049—Crosstalk reduction; Noise; Power budget
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0052—Interconnection of switches
- H04Q2011/0058—Crossbar; Matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to modules containing multiple wavelength-selective photonic devices, including the capability of wavelength-tuning, which perform on wavelength-division-multiplexed optical carriers functions useful in telecommunications networks and other applications, such as switching, combining, adding, dropping, or equalization, either alone or in combination with other components.
- the presently deployed optical layer consists primarily of point-to-point optically carried links, an increasing proportion of which are wavelength-division-multiplexed.
- Such modules are needed where processing or switching needs to be performed on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis.
- An example would be gain equalization where certain optical carriers need to be boosted in optical power relative to others before relaying while avoiding a costly conversion to electronic signal form.
- optical switch technologies are being considered for millisecond- or microsecond-scale switching of optical carriers. These include liquid crystal, microelectronic-mechanical, microfluidic, deformable mirror, and others. None of these can support optical level switching for a packet- switched optically transparent network. For the circuit-switched optically transparent network that these technologies can support, it is not expected to be possible to adequately provision low-latency high- bandwidth connectivity as would be required, e.g., for full video interaction between users.
- lithium niobate modulator technology can switch at the requisite rates.
- a drawback of the lithium niobate technology is that it is not adequately scalable due to significant losses and large sizes of its switches. Scalability to at least the level of 256 wavelengths is required to support a dramatically increasing demand for bandwidth.
- a crosstalk issue associated with lithium niobate technology could be constructed using semiconductor optical amplifiers, but this array suffers from nonlinearity and power dissipation limitations which also are a challenge to scaling.
- none of the above technologies provide wavelength selectivity. That is, it is necessary to separately combine the above wavelength-insensitive switch arrays with separate wavelength splitters or combiners in order to separately operate on each individual optical carrier.
- a very great disadvantage of such an approach is the proliferation of input/output connections required using optical fiber or other optical approaches when splitting the signals carried on a single fiber into e.g., 256 fibers as required for systems containing 256 separate wavelengths carrying 256 separate optical carriers . This drawback becomes far more serious when contemplating systems having such multiple wavelength- division-multiplexed optical fibers converging on a switch.
- an optical device which is capable of separately operating on each wavelength in switching, adding, dropping, wavelength combining, equalization, or other signal processing applications.
- a wavelength-selective module for use in a telecommunications network comprises monolithically or hybrid integrated wavelength-selective optical switch elements which separate individual optical carriers, of differing frequency or wavelength, with optical separation loss substantially less than conesponding optical splitting losses, for the purpose of carrying out operations which modify the optical carrier separately for each carrier or group of carriers.
- One embodiment of such a module performs operations carried out free of interaction between channels, as for dispersion compensation or gain equalization applications.
- Another embodiment of such a module performs operations carried out between channels, e.g., comprises a wavelength tunable optical switch including an array of wavelength-selective optical switch elements defining a plurality of switch cross-point junctions; and fiber optic input and output connections for connecting the module in the telecommunications network.
- the fiber optic input connection of the module receives multiple optical carriers which are separated at the switch cross-point junctions for transmission at the fiber optic output.
- FIG. 1A is a plan view of a hermetically packaged wavelength-selective module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. IB is a plan view of the module of FIG. 1 A with the lid of the module enclosure removed;
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of an exemplary a 1 cm x 1 cm chip that can be employed in the module of the present invention
- FIG. 3 A is a schematic diagram of a prior art fixed-wavelength optical carrier combiner
- FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a prior art fixed-wavelength optical carrier splitter
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a wavelength-selectable optical carrier combiner module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a detailed view of a portion of the combiner of FIG. 4A;
- FIG. 5 A is a graph depicting an exemplary optical spectrum of a plurality of optical carriers as transmitted and 5B is a graph depicting the optical spectrum of these optical carriers after transmission; and FIG. 6 is an equalizer module made according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a hermetically packaged wavelength- selective module 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.
- the module 10 integrates on a chip 20 which may be a semiconductor chip composed of InGaAsP materials, other III-V semiconductor materials, or non- ⁇ l-V semiconductor materials such as Si, combinations of any of the aforementioned materials, or combinations of such materials with non-semiconductor materials capable of supporting waveguiding layers, a plurality of optical elements 22, at least certain ones of which are wavelength-selective for operating in applications such as crossbar switching, selective adding and dropping, combining, frequency translation, and level equalization of multiple optical carriers or subcarriers in optical transmission, signal processing, and switching networks.
- the principles of the present invention may be employed in repeater applications including level equalizers and DWDM dispersion compensators; and in network element applications including wavelength-selective combiners, spectrum-sliced multi-wavelength sources, frequency converters, tunable OADMs ("AOTF" capable), and OXCs.
- the module 10 includes one or more single-mode fiber-optic input and output high speed connectors 16, 18 in a small-size receptacle 12 hermetically sealed by a lid 14 that forms a hermetically sealed package for mounting on a printed circuit card within a functional system
- the size of such a receptacle is intended to be such that many optical fibers, up to, e g , 1000, can be connected to the wavelength selective module Integration of the optical elements withm the module may be accomplished using discrete or monolithic techniques on a medium- to large-scale, including combinations of monolithic and non- mono thic optical elements
- the scale of integration as taught here is intended to represent up to, e g , 1,000,000 elements as needed to interconnect up to 1000 optical carriers on 1000 fibers
- circuits which enhance the utility of the module 10
- Such circuits may include those supporting transimpedance amplification, dnvers, regeneration, packet header decoders, address resolvers, packet header re-writers, and controllers including switch controllers
- the optical elements 22 may include one or more of filters, switches, attenuators, modulators, detectors, amplifiers, cw sources, pulsed sources, and isolators detecting, emitting, or operating upon optical earners, where it is understood that such earners are typically modulated with digital or analog data
- the wavelength-selective optical elements 22 withm the module, I e are adapted so that the wavelength or wavelengths of operation of these elements 22 are selectable via a tuning or other wavelength selection mechanism
- Wavelength-selectivity advantageously permits low-loss combining of multiple modulated optical earners onto a single optical mode, such as that transmitted withm an optical fiber, and additionally, permits the selection of individual optical earners for mdiv ⁇ dual processing separate from those at all other wavelengths.
- the wavelength selection mechanism may be electro-optic, mechano-optic. thermo-optic, piezo-optic, magneto-optic, all-optical or any other mechanism or means capable of varying the wavelength response of the optical elements, which are to be wavelength selective.
- Wavelength- selectivity may typically be derived from an optical resonance, such that optical energy is stored transiently within the optical switch element at a higher energy density than is transmitted into or out of the element for optical frequencies at or near one or more characteristic resonant frequencies.
- the physical size of such an optical switch element is restricted such that the photon lifetime within the element is small compared with the inverse frequency of data modulated on the optical carrier of interest, thus leading to optical element sizes of less than 50 ⁇ m x 50 ⁇ m, for example.
- an embodiment of the invention employing a 1 mm x 1mm chip can accommodate an X-Y array of more than 400 of these wavelength-selective optical switch elements and up to 10,000 of the same.
- a 1 cm x 1 cm chip 200 which can accommodate an X-Y array of up to 1 ,000,000 wavelength-selective optical switch elements 220, thereby forming optical switch 210.
- a chip of that size containing an X-Y array of 1 ,000,000 wavelength-selective optical switch elements can accept at its input up to 1000 incoming optical waveguides, each containing 1000 incoming wavelength division multiplexed optical carriers.
- the wavelength-selective optical switch elements 220 reroute the optical carriers to 1000 outgoing optical waveguides each containing the same number of optical earners.
- Passive waveguide arrays can be provided to allow coupling of each of the 2000 ports to optical fibers. The total bandwidth being switched if each incoming fiber contained 10,000 gigabits per second of data on 1000 optical carriers would be 10,000,000 gigabits per second of data, i.e., 10 petabits per second of data.
- Control circuitry can be provided at each one of the crosspoints 221 of the optical switch 210 by bonding, such as bump-bonding, to a suitable ULSI electronic circuit, or else by integration of the electronic function on the same chip as the wavelength-selective optical elements 220.
- the speed of rearranging the optical switch 210 is likely to be limited by the speed of the electronic controller.
- wavelength-selectable module of the present invention can include one or more of the functions described elsewhere herein.
- a particular utility may be achieved from combining the arraying of many wavelength-selectable elements in a single module, with simultaneous input and output of multiple optical carriers over a minimum number of optical fibers achieved through the use of wavelength-division multiplexed optical carriers.
- FIGS. 3 A and 3B depict the operation of conventional wavelength division multiplexers/demultiplexers that are commercially available.
- FIG. 3A shows a fixed-wavelength optical carrier combiner 300 that combines multiple wavelengths without loss onto a single multiplexed output 302 with no excess loss only when the proper wavelengths are applied to the respective input ports 301 thereof (each input port 301 carries a single wavelength).
- FIG. 3B shows a fixed-wavelength optical carrier splitter 310 that splits multiple wavelengths apart from within a single fiber 311 via input port 311 with no excess loss, such that each output port 312 carries a single wavelength.
- a significant drawback for the use of such components in wavelength-switched networks is that the combiner 300 of FIG. 3A cannot operate properly due to the fact that the wavelength impinging on each input port cannot be known in advance in such a network configuration.
- the wavelength-selectable optical elements employed in the module of the present invention enable the module to be used as a wavelength-selectable optical carrier combiner 400 (FIG. 4A) with no passive loss. This is achieved, as shown in FIG. 4B, by tuning each input port 401 to one of the wavelengths entering therein from the network. All wavelengths are combined on a single output port 402. That wavelength is known by the system controller.
- Such a wavelength-selectable combiner module 400 may be used in combination with other non-wavelength-selectable crossbar switch technologies, regardless of speed or as part of a wavelength-selectable module as described herein.
- wavelength-selectable module of the present invention is level equalization.
- a difficulty encountered in transmission of multiple optical carriers is that various mechanisms, including lack of gain flatness of amplifiers, polarization mode dispersion, and other effects, cause the relative intensities of various optical carriers following transmission to become unequal as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. It is difficult to re-equalize the carriers with conventional technology because conventional approaches are cumbersome or do not operate individually on each optical carrier.
- the wavelength-selectable module of the present invention can be embodied as an equalizer module 600, as shown in FIG.
- the wavelength selective equalizer module 600 of FIG. 6 accomplishes equalization using operations which are carried out free of interaction between channels, i.e., intra optical carrier operations.
- the wavelength-selectable module of the present invention can, following the above principles, be constructed to operate as add/drop demultiplexers, crossbar switchers, and can be configured to permit a variety of advanced functions useful for the wavelength switched network.
- the wavelength-selectable optical elements contained within the wavelength- selectable module must be designed to accommodate the design criteria discussed above.
- the wavelength-selectable optical elements are implemented using four-port ring resonator wavelength-selective switches. Such switches are described in U.S.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001252881A AU2001252881A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2001-01-22 | Wavelength-selective module |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17691600P | 2000-01-20 | 2000-01-20 | |
US60/176,916 | 2000-01-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001053864A1 true WO2001053864A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
WO2001053864A9 WO2001053864A9 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
Family
ID=22646424
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/002072 WO2001053864A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2001-01-22 | Wavelength-selective module |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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AU (1) | AU2001252881A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001053864A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003019839A2 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-06 | Pts Corporation | Architectural arrangement for core optical networks |
WO2003028403A2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Nortel Networks Limited | All-optical switching sites for an agile optical network |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4580873A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1986-04-08 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical matrix switch |
US5719971A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1998-02-17 | Optelecom, Inc. | Strain based optical fiber systems |
US5771320A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-06-23 | Wavefront Research, Inc. | Optical switching and routing system |
US5841917A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-11-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical cross-connect switch using a pin grid actuator |
US5937115A (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1999-08-10 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Switchable optical components/structures and methods for the fabrication thereof |
-
2001
- 2001-01-22 AU AU2001252881A patent/AU2001252881A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-22 WO PCT/US2001/002072 patent/WO2001053864A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4580873A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1986-04-08 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical matrix switch |
US5719971A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1998-02-17 | Optelecom, Inc. | Strain based optical fiber systems |
US5771320A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-06-23 | Wavefront Research, Inc. | Optical switching and routing system |
US5841917A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-11-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical cross-connect switch using a pin grid actuator |
US5937115A (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1999-08-10 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Switchable optical components/structures and methods for the fabrication thereof |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003019839A2 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-06 | Pts Corporation | Architectural arrangement for core optical networks |
WO2003019839A3 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-11-20 | Ceyba Corp | Architectural arrangement for core optical networks |
WO2003028403A2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Nortel Networks Limited | All-optical switching sites for an agile optical network |
WO2003028403A3 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-09-18 | Nortel Networks Ltd | All-optical switching sites for an agile optical network |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001252881A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
WO2001053864A9 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
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