WO2001047625A1 - Pigmented chitosan capsules - Google Patents

Pigmented chitosan capsules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001047625A1
WO2001047625A1 PCT/EP2000/012692 EP0012692W WO0147625A1 WO 2001047625 A1 WO2001047625 A1 WO 2001047625A1 EP 0012692 W EP0012692 W EP 0012692W WO 0147625 A1 WO0147625 A1 WO 0147625A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsules
chitosan
dispersion
pigment
component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/012692
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfhard Scholz
Heike Schelges
Claudia Panzer
Rolf Wachter
Original Assignee
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien
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Priority to AU28422/01A priority Critical patent/AU2842201A/en
Publication of WO2001047625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001047625A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/11Encapsulated compositions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/22Peroxides; Oxygen; Ozone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A61K8/25Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/736Chitin; Chitosan; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10Washing or bathing preparations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02Preparations for cleaning the hair
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/41Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
    • A61K2800/412Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to colored capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, which include a dispersion of a pigment and optionally a lipid component in water.
  • microcapsules from solutions of polymers which contain dissolved or dispersed active ingredients by precipitation reactions, coacervation or crosslinking agents is frequently described in the specialist literature. It is also known to use chitosan, a deacetylated chitin, as a cationic polymer for the production of microcapsules, e.g. B. from EP 0534572 AI by crosslinking with glyoxal hydrate or from PCT 96/00056 AI by crosslinking with polyanionic electrolytes, for. B. tripolyphosphate.
  • ES 2112150 AI describes a process for the formation of capsules, in which chitosan is precipitated with an anionic surfactant or an anionic dye.
  • WO 98/22210 AI describes a process for the microencapsulation of oil components by chitosan, which is coacervated by an anionic surfactant and stabilized by acetylation or crosslinking.
  • WO 98/43609 A2 describes chitosan microspheres which are obtained by precipitating the chitosan of an emulsion of oil components containing chitosan by means of alkaline surfactant solutions.
  • microcapsules described in the cited prior art are either colorless or milky white or have no useful cosmetic properties.
  • the incorporation of water-soluble dyes into such capsules had in the past frequently led to the bleeding of these dyes through the capsule wall and thus to products which had little shelf life.
  • the incorporation of anionic dyes into the capsule wall considerably limits the flexibility in the coloring and the range of color effects that can be achieved.
  • the inventors have therefore set themselves the task of producing capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, which have an aesthetically pleasing coloration which is stably anchored in the capsule. It has been found that this goal can be achieved very well if the capsules include a dispersion of at least one particulate pigment, possibly also a lipid component, in an aqueous medium.
  • the invention therefore relates to capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, characterized in that the capsules include a dispersion of a particulate pigment and optionally a lipid component in an aqueous medium.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the production of such capsules, in which a dispersion of a pigment and, if appropriate, a lipid component is prepared in an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt and is introduced into the aqueous solution of a precipitating or crosslinking agent for the chitosan in such a way that Form capsules.
  • This introduction is preferably carried out so that the aqueous dispersion in the, for. B. by stirring, moving solution of the precipitating or crosslinking agent so that capsules form about the size of the drops, preferably with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm.
  • the size of the drops can be controlled within certain limits by the type of feed as well as by the viscosity and surface tension of the dispersion. You can e.g. B. also bring the dispersion through a nozzle under the surface of the precipitant solution and thereby the drop size z. B. by the size and shape of the nozzle opening or by the injection pressure and the movement of the precipitant solution.
  • the solution of a chitosan salt which is suitable according to the invention preferably contains, as chitosan, an deacetylated chitin whose molecular weight is in the range from 50,000 to 5,000,000 D and which has a degree of deacetylation of at least 80%.
  • a chitosan can be in solid form as a white to light pink colored powder and is e.g. B. available under the trade name Hydagen ® CMFP (Cognis GmbH).
  • Inorganic and organic water-soluble acids e.g. As hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid.
  • organic acids in particular carboxylic acids with 2-10 C atoms, are preferably used.
  • Suitable carboxylic acids are especially the hydroxycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxycarboxylic acids and acidic amino acids with 2-10 C atoms.
  • Such preferably suitable acids are e.g. As glycolic acid, lactic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid.
  • other carboxylic acids with 2-10 C atoms e.g. B. unsaturated carboxylic acids such as sorbic acid, ketocarboxylic acids such as pyruvic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as. B. benzoic acid, dicarboxylic acids such as. B. glutaric or adipic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid or mucic acid are suitable as salt-forming acids for chitosan.
  • the solution of the chitosan salt to be used according to the invention contains the chitosan salt in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight.
  • Suitable as pigments are all water-soluble colorless or colored, inorganic or organic particulate substances which bring about a color effect, a gloss or pearlescent or clouding.
  • Suitable white pigments are e.g. B. titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, combinations of titanium dioxide or kaolin and mica, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, Barium tungstate, bismuth oxychloride, basic bismuth nitrate, lead sulfate, basic lead carbonate, lead silicate, strontium sulfide, calcium silicate and antimony (3) oxide.
  • Suitable color pigments are especially oxides, oxide hydrates, carbonates, sulfides, selenides, sulfates, chromates, molybdates, sulfur-containing silicates and complex metal cyanides of metals from the 6th to 12th group of the periodic system.
  • examples of such pigments are various iron oxides, chromium oxide, copper phthalocyanine and iron (3) cyanoferrate (4).
  • Carbon black and iron oxide black or mixed crystals of copper oxide, chromium oxide and iron oxide are suitable as black pigments.
  • Metal powders e.g. B. of aluminum, copper and its alloys with silver and cadmium.
  • pearlescent pigments are, for. B. lead carbonate, bismuth oxychloride or titanium dioxide mica.
  • luminescent pigments can be used with metals such as copper, manganese or silver and other doped, highly pure sulfides, oxides, selenides or carbonates, for. B. with silver-doped zinc sulfate (blue light pigment) or with copper and aluminum-doped zinc sulfide (green light pigment).
  • Organic color pigments are e.g. B. azo pigments, indigoids, dioxazine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine, isoindolinone, perylene and perinone pigments, metal complex pigments, alkali blue and diketopyrolopyrrole pigments and synthetic melanin.
  • natural color pigments e.g. As chlorophyll, and ground flowers, shells, stems, leaves or roots of plants can be used.
  • matting or opacifying agents can also be present in the pigment dispersions.
  • opacifiers are e.g. B. inorganic Powder such as As silicas, talc, Veegum, kaolin, organic fillers such. B. starch or starch derivatives, polymer powder or natural flours (e.g. core flours).
  • the pigment is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the capsules, and in a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the capsule contains a dispersed lipid component in addition to the dispersed pigment.
  • this serves to stabilize the pigment dispersion, and on the other hand, the lipid component can be used to introduce interesting cosmetic, skin-softening substances into the capsules.
  • the lipid phase can also serve as a carrier phase for cosmetic and dermatological active ingredients dissolved therein.
  • Dispersed solid lipophilic substances can e.g. B. waxes or wax-like substances, e.g. B. fatty alcohols with 16-22 carbon atoms, hardened triglyceride fats from C ⁇ 6 -C 22 fatty acids, synthetic fatty acid fatty alcohol esters, paraffins, polyethylene wax, silicone waxes or other polymer powders.
  • lipophilic, solid cosmetic or pharmaceutical active ingredients can also be dispersed in the chitosan solution.
  • Such substances are e.g. B. the ceramides, retinol or retinol esters, cholesterol or phytosterols.
  • Liquid lipophilic substances which can be contained in the chitosan salt solution in emulsified form are, above all, cosmetic oil components and liquid cosmetic and pharmacological active substances.
  • Suitable oil components are e.g. B. paraffin oil and other liquid hydrocarbons, e.g. B. 1,3-dioctylcyclohexane, silicone oils, di-n-alkyl ethers with a total of 12-36 carbon atoms, liquid fatty alcohols, e.g. B. Guerbet alcohols with 12-36 carbon atoms, olefin alcohol, esters of C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols, especially those of branched Fatty acids or from branched alcohols, liquid di- and triglyceride oils, e.g. B.
  • B. paraffin oil and other liquid hydrocarbons e.g. B. 1,3-dioctylcyclohexane, silicone oils, di-n-alkyl ethers with a total of 12-36 carbon atoms, liquid fatty alcohols, e.g. B. Guerbet alcohols with 12-36 carbon atoms,
  • lipophilic cosmetic and / or dermatological active ingredients e.g. B. vitamins such as tocopherol or tocopherol esters, ascorbyl palmitate, retinol palmitate, bisabolol, phytantriol, essential oils (aromas, fragrances), oil-soluble UV filter substances, oil-soluble dyes, ceramides and other lipophilic active substances.
  • B. vitamins such as tocopherol or tocopherol esters, ascorbyl palmitate, retinol palmitate, bisabolol, phytantriol, essential oils (aromas, fragrances), oil-soluble UV filter substances, oil-soluble dyes, ceramides and other lipophilic active substances.
  • emulsification of a lipid component requires the use of an emulsifier, preferably an oil-in-water emulsifier.
  • Preferred emulsifiers and dispersants are nonionic surfactants, e.g. B.
  • Partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C 6/22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid with glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (eg., Sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (for. Example methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside , Lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g. cellulose);
  • the adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of fatty acids or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologs, the middle of which Degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the molar ratio of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out.
  • C 8/18 alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides are produced in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • glycoside residue both monoglycosides in which a sugar residue is glycosidically bonded to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization of up to about 8 are suitable.
  • the degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean based on a homolog distribution common for such technical products.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants can also be used as emulsifiers.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants are those surface-active compounds which carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate or sulfonate group in the molecule.
  • Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut alkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylamino-propyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut acylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxylate -3-hydroxyethylimidazoline, each with 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and the cocoacylaminoethyl-hydroxyethyl carboxymethylglycinate.
  • the fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularly preferred.
  • Suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants.
  • Ampholytic surfactants are understood to mean those surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C 8/18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO 3 H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts ,
  • ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycine, N-alkylaminopropionic acid, N-alkylaminobutyric acid, N-alkyliminodipropionic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine, N-alkyltaurine, N-alkyl sarcosine, and alkylaminoacetic acid each with about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
  • Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethyl aminopropionate and C ⁇ 2 / ⁇ 8 acyl sarcosine.
  • cationic emulsifiers are also suitable, those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-autogenized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.
  • the emulsifiers are used in an amount of 0.001 to 1 part by weight per part by weight of the emulsified lipid. In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, a dispersion is produced which
  • a pigment dispersion it is advantageous to incorporate the pigment into the aqueous phase together with the oil component and the emulsifier. But you can also first create an emulsion of the lipid component and then incorporate the pigment into the emulsion. In any case, a stable dispersion of the pigment is achieved by the emulsified lipid component.
  • the aqueous solution of the chitosan salt or the pigment dispersion prepared therefrom may contain further water-soluble substances which either contain pharmaceutical auxiliaries, for. B. to increase the microbiological or physical stability of the emulsion or the capsule wall or cosmetic or dermatological active ingredients.
  • Such hydrophilic substances are salts, e.g. B. buffer salts, water-soluble preservatives (Na benzoate, Na sorbate, 1, 6-hexanediol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester), water-soluble cosmetic active ingredients such as. B. ascorbic acid, urea, allantoin, panthenol, fruit acids, amino acids, plant extracts, water-soluble UV filter substances, polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol and 1,2-propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, sugars, glucamines and water-soluble dyes, nonionic or cationic polymers such. B. agar-agar, gelatin, cellulose (derivatives), polyquaternium 7 etc.
  • B. buffer salts e.g. B. buffer salts
  • water-soluble preservatives Na benzoate, Na sorbate, 1, 6-hexanediol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester
  • the aqueous solution of the chitosan salt or the dispersion produced therefrom also contains further dissolved cationic polymers.
  • Suitable water-soluble cationic polymers are synthetic polymer salts, the monomer units of which carry primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, which make these polymers water-soluble by salt formation with acids.
  • Other suitable cationic polymers carry recurring monomer units with quaternary ammonium groups, which also cause the molecule to be water-soluble.
  • water-soluble derivatives of natural polysaccharides or of proteins with cationic groups can also be used as cation polymers.
  • Suitable cationic polymers are e.g. B. the water-soluble homopolymers of dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride and its water-soluble copolymers with z.
  • Precipitants or crosslinking agents are understood to mean those substances which react in aqueous solution with the chitosan salt to form water-insoluble products.
  • an alkali e.g. B. a dissolved alkali hydroxide, an alkali carbonate, guanidine, an alkanolamine or another basic product which displaces the chitosan from its salt and causes it to precipitate.
  • Anionic polyelectrolytes e.g. B. the water-soluble salts of polyphosphoric acids, for. B. sodium tripolyphosphate, the water-soluble salts of polycarboxylic acids, for. B. sodium polyacrylate or crosslinked polyacrylates.
  • water-soluble salts of polymeric sulfonic acids e.g. B. 01 _.,., _
  • Polyvinyl sulfonates, or of polymeric phosphoric acid esters, e.g. B. nucleic acids such. B. deoxyribonucleic acid and polymeric organophosphonic acids are suitable as precipitants for the chitosan.
  • Anionic derivatives of natural polymers such as. B. salts of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch or carboxymethyl guar are suitable as precipitants.
  • anionic surfactants are also suitable, since at a concentration above their critical micelle formation concentration they form associations which appear as micelles, lamellar phases, vesicles or other association colloids.
  • Anionic surfactants are generally understood to be those molecules which have a water-solubilizing, anionic group, e.g. B. have a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl or acyl group with about 8-22 carbon atoms.
  • anionic group e.g. B. have a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl or acyl group with about 8-22 carbon atoms.
  • glycol or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether and / or amide groups and hydroxyl groups can be present in the molecule.
  • anionic surfactants are, in each case in the form of the sodium, potassium, ammonium or the mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts with 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol group
  • Acyl sarcosides with 10-18 C-atoms in the acyl group, and acylated protein hydrolyzates with 12-22 C-atoms in the acyl group, linear alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates of the formula RO- (CH 2 -CH - O) x -OSO 3 H, in the R is a linear alkyl group with 10-18 carbon atoms and X 0 or 1-12
  • Fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates of -C 8 -C 8 fatty acids for.
  • anionic dyes are also suitable as precipitants for the chitosan.
  • Suitable anionic dyes are water-soluble and contain, as a water-solubilizing group, carboxylate or phenolate groups (fluorescein, phenolphthalein) or preferably sulfonate groups bound to a chromophoric, mostly aromatic system.
  • Suitable anionic dyes can be found in the Food Red and Food Yellow series or in the Acid Red, Acid Orange, Acid Yellow, Acid Violet and Acid Blue series with one or two carboxyl and / or sulfo groups on a chromophoric aromatic ring system ,
  • the precipitant is selected from the group of anionic surfactants, anionic dyes, anionic polyelectrolytes or mixtures thereof.
  • Such further stabilization can e.g. B. by crosslinking or derivatization of the chitosan z. B. by implementation with an aliphatic dialdehyde, e.g. B. with glyoxal or with glutardialdehyde.
  • Another way of crosslinking is to react with a diisocyanate or with a dicarboxylic anhydride such as. B.
  • the reagents required for the crosslinking or derivatization are added to the solution of the precipitant either before or preferably after the addition of the chitosan solution and the formation of the capsules.
  • the capsules produced according to the invention can be isolated from the aqueous production medium, e.g. B. by filtration, sedimentation or centrifugation. You should then be taken up in another aqueous or oily carrier phase as soon as possible because the enclosed dispersion can release water into the air through the capsule wall and the capsule can therefore be deformed or completely destroyed when stored in the air.
  • the capsules pigmented according to the invention are suitable as a component for producing aesthetic effects and, if appropriate, also as a carrier of cosmetic or dermatological active ingredients in aqueous preparations for cleaning and care of the body or the hair. They can also be used in liquid and gel-like oral and dental care products, e.g. B. incorporate into mouthwashes or liquid toothpastes. However, the preferred area of application is that of liquid and yellow shower and bath preparations, shampoos and liquid soaps.
  • Paraffin oil 170 g
  • Emulgin 05 5 g
  • Emulgin 05 was mixed with paraffin oil and the pigment and the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. The mixture was then dripped into the hydragen CMF heated to 60 ° C. with stirring and processed into a dispersion using a homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax).
  • a homogenizer Ultra-Turrax
  • the dispersion was then introduced into a solution by means of an automatic dosing device
  • the capsules could be separated by decanting and taken up in water or any aqueous or oily media. 2. Production of further pigmented capsules
  • Iron Oxide Yellow (Pigment Yellow 42), C.I. 77 492 Iron Oxide Red (Pigment Red 101), C.I. 77 491 Chromium Oxide Green (Pigment Green 17), C.I. 77 288 Chromophthal Blue 4 GN (Pigment Blue 15), C.I. 74160 Real Red-Dark (Pigment Red 5), C.I. 12 490 Prussian blue (Pigment Blue 27).
  • the dispersion and the capsules were prepared analogously to Example 1.
  • oil component 2.1.8 (Cetiol ® PLG)
  • nucleic acid Na salt DNA from fish sperm
  • Talc powder 1.0 g 1.0 g Asebiol LS 2539 BT2 - 1.0 g chrome oxide green (C.I. 77288) 0.05 g 0.05 g Hydagen CMF 30.0 g 30.0 g
  • Talcum powder and chrome oxide green were stirred into Hydagen CMF (and Asebiol LS 2539 BT2 added).
  • the mixture was processed with a homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax) into a stable dispersion.
  • the dispersion was dissolved in a solution by means of an automatic dosing system
  • Hydagen R CMF chitosan salt solution (1% by weight chitosan, 0.4% by weight glycolic acid in water)
  • Eumulgin R 05 Cetyl-oleyl alcohol polyglycol ether (5 EO) Dragocolor R True Red Dark: Pigment Red 5 (C 10 H 3I C1 NO 7 S) (CI12490)
  • Texapon R Kl 2-98 sodium lauryl sulfate
  • Asebiol R LS 2539-BT-2 protein hydrolyzate mixture (Aqua, Hydrolized Yeast Protein, Pyridoxine, Niacinamide, Glycerol, Panthenol, Propyleneglycol, Allantoin, Biotin)

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Abstract

Pigmented capsules containing chitosan as a constituent of the wall material are produced by preparing a dispersion, which consists of a pigment and, optionally, of a lipid constituent, in an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt. Said dispersion is introduced into the aqueous solution of a precipitating agent or cross-linking agent for the chitosan which results in the formation of capsules preferably having a diameter ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm. The capsules are suitable as a constituent used for producing aesthetic effects and as a support for cosmetic or dermatological active substances in aqueous preparations.

Description

„Pigmentierte Chitosan-Kapseln" "Pigmented Chitosan Capsules"
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind gefärbte Kapseln mit Chitosan als Komponente des Wandmaterials, die eine Dispersion eines Pigments und ggf. einer Lipidkomponente in Wasser einschließen.The invention relates to colored capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, which include a dispersion of a pigment and optionally a lipid component in water.
Die Herstellung von Mikrokapseln aus Lösungen von Polymeren, die gelöste oder dispergierte Wirkstoffe enthalten, durch Fällungsreaktionen, Koazervation oder Vernetzungsmittel ist in der Fachliteratur häufig beschrieben. Es ist auch bekannt, Chitosan, ein deacetyliertes Chitin, als kationisches Polymerisat zur Herstellung von Mikrokapseln zu verwenden, z. B. aus EP 0534572 AI durch Vernetzung mit Glyoxalhydrat oder aus PCT 96/00056 AI durch Vernetzung mit polyanionischen Elektrolyten, z. B. Tripolyphosphat.The preparation of microcapsules from solutions of polymers which contain dissolved or dispersed active ingredients by precipitation reactions, coacervation or crosslinking agents is frequently described in the specialist literature. It is also known to use chitosan, a deacetylated chitin, as a cationic polymer for the production of microcapsules, e.g. B. from EP 0534572 AI by crosslinking with glyoxal hydrate or from PCT 96/00056 AI by crosslinking with polyanionic electrolytes, for. B. tripolyphosphate.
In ES 2112150 AI ist ein Verfahren zur Bildung von Kapseln beschrieben, bei dem Chitosan mit einem anionischen Tensid oder einem anionischen Farbstoff gefällt wird. In WO 98/22210 AI ist ein Verfahren zur Mikroverkapselung von Ölkomponenten durch Chitosan beschrieben, welches durch ein anionisches Tensid koazerviert und durch Acetylierung oder Vernetzung stabilisiert wird. In WO 98/43609 A2 schließlich sind Chitosan-Mikrosphären beschrieben, die durch Fällung des Chitosans einer Chitosan enthaltenden Emulsion von Ölkomponenten durch alkalisch eingestellte Tensidlösungen erhalten werden.ES 2112150 AI describes a process for the formation of capsules, in which chitosan is precipitated with an anionic surfactant or an anionic dye. WO 98/22210 AI describes a process for the microencapsulation of oil components by chitosan, which is coacervated by an anionic surfactant and stabilized by acetylation or crosslinking. Finally, WO 98/43609 A2 describes chitosan microspheres which are obtained by precipitating the chitosan of an emulsion of oil components containing chitosan by means of alkaline surfactant solutions.
Die in dem genannten Stand der Technik beschriebenen Mikrokapseln sind entweder farblos oder milchig weiß oder weisen keine brauchbaren kosmetischen Eigenschaften auf. Die Einarbeitung wasserlöslicher Farbstoffe in solche Kapseln hatte in der Vergangenheit häufig zum Ausbluten dieser Farbstoffe durch die Kapselwand und damit zu wenig lagerstabilen Produkten geführt. Der Einbau anionischer Farbstoffe in die Kapselwand engt die Flexibilität in der Farbgebung und das Spektrum der erzielbaren Farbeffekte beträchtlich ein. Die Erfinder haben sich daher die Aufgabe gestellt, Kapseln mit Chitosan als Komponente des Wandmaterials herzustellen, die eine ästhetisch ansprechende Färbung aufweisen, die stabil in der Kapsel verankert ist. Es wurde gefunden, daß dieses Ziel sehr gut dadurch erreicht werden kann, daß die Kapseln eine Dispersion wenigstens eines teilchenformigen Pigments, ggf. auch einer Lipidkomponente, in einem wäßrigen Medium einschließen.The microcapsules described in the cited prior art are either colorless or milky white or have no useful cosmetic properties. The incorporation of water-soluble dyes into such capsules had in the past frequently led to the bleeding of these dyes through the capsule wall and thus to products which had little shelf life. The incorporation of anionic dyes into the capsule wall considerably limits the flexibility in the coloring and the range of color effects that can be achieved. The inventors have therefore set themselves the task of producing capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, which have an aesthetically pleasing coloration which is stably anchored in the capsule. It has been found that this goal can be achieved very well if the capsules include a dispersion of at least one particulate pigment, possibly also a lipid component, in an aqueous medium.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind daher Kapseln mit Chitosan als Komponente des Wandmaterials, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kapseln eine Dispersion eines teilchenformigen Pigments und ggf. einer Lipidkomponente in einem wäßrigen Medium einschließen. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Kapseln, bei dem man eine Dispersion eines Pigments und ggf. einer Lipidkomponente in einer wäßrigen Lösung eines Chitosansalzes herstellt und diese in die wäßrige Lösung eines Fällungs- oder Vernetzungsmittels für das Chitosan so einbringt, daß sich Kapseln ausbilden.The invention therefore relates to capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, characterized in that the capsules include a dispersion of a particulate pigment and optionally a lipid component in an aqueous medium. The invention further relates to a process for the production of such capsules, in which a dispersion of a pigment and, if appropriate, a lipid component is prepared in an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt and is introduced into the aqueous solution of a precipitating or crosslinking agent for the chitosan in such a way that Form capsules.
Dieses Einbringen wird in bevorzugter Weise so durchgeführt, daß man die wäßrige Dispersion in die, z. B. durch Rühren, bewegte Lösung des Fällungs- oder Vernetzungsmittels eintropft, so daß sich Kapseln etwa in der Größe der Tropfen, bevorzugt mit einem Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 10 mm ausbilden. Es liegt auf der Hand, daß man die Größe der Tropfen durch die Art der Zuführung sowie durch die Viskosität und Oberflächenspannung der Dispersion in gewissen Grenzen steuern kann. Man kann z. B. die Dispersion auch durch eine Düse unter die Oberfläche der Fällungsmittel- Lösung einbringen und dabei die Tropfengröße z. B. durch die Größe und Form der Düsenöffnung oder durch den Injektionsdruck und die Bewegung der Fällungsmittel- Lösung steuern.This introduction is preferably carried out so that the aqueous dispersion in the, for. B. by stirring, moving solution of the precipitating or crosslinking agent so that capsules form about the size of the drops, preferably with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm. It is obvious that the size of the drops can be controlled within certain limits by the type of feed as well as by the viscosity and surface tension of the dispersion. You can e.g. B. also bring the dispersion through a nozzle under the surface of the precipitant solution and thereby the drop size z. B. by the size and shape of the nozzle opening or by the injection pressure and the movement of the precipitant solution.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Dispersion in die, z. B. durch Rühren, bewegte Lösung des Fällungs- oder Vernetzungsmittels so eingetragen, daß sich Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 10 mm bilden. Die erfmdungsgemäß geeignete Lösung eines Chitosan-Salzes enthält als Chitosan bevorzugt ein deacetyliertes Chitin, dessen Molgewicht im Bereich von 50 000 - 5 000 000 D liegt und das einen Deacetylierungsgrad von wenigstens 80 % aufweist. Ein solches Chitosan kann in fester Form als weißes bis hellrosa gefärbtes Pulver vorliegen und ist z. B. unter der Handelsbezeichnung Hydagen® CMFP (Cognis GmbH) erhältlich. Es sind aber auch wäßrige Lösungen von Salzen dieses Chitosans im Handel, z. B. eine Lösung von 1 Gew. % Chitosan in einer 0,4 Gew. %-igen Lösung von Glycolsäure in Wasser. (Hydagen CMF, Cognis GmbH). Auch Chitosane mit höherem Abbaugrad bzw. niedrigerem Molekulargewicht, z. B. ab 10 000 D sind brauchbar, die erhaltenen Phasenmembranen sind dann jedoch weniger stabil.In a preferred embodiment, the dispersion in the, for. B. entered by stirring, moving solution of the precipitating or crosslinking agent so that capsules with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm form. The solution of a chitosan salt which is suitable according to the invention preferably contains, as chitosan, an deacetylated chitin whose molecular weight is in the range from 50,000 to 5,000,000 D and which has a degree of deacetylation of at least 80%. Such a chitosan can be in solid form as a white to light pink colored powder and is e.g. B. available under the trade name Hydagen ® CMFP (Cognis GmbH). But there are also aqueous solutions of salts of this chitosan in the trade, for. B. a solution of 1 wt.% Chitosan in a 0.4 wt.% Solution of glycolic acid in water. (Hydagen CMF, Cognis GmbH). Also chitosans with a higher degree of degradation or lower molecular weight, e.g. B. from 10,000 D are usable, but the phase membranes obtained are then less stable.
Zur Salzbildung eignen sich anorganische und organische wasserlösliche Säuren, z. B. Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure, oder Phosphorsäure. Bevorzugt werden aber organische Säuren, insbesondere Carbonsäuren mit 2-10 C-Atomen verwendet. Geeignete Carbonsäuren sind vor allem die Hydroxycarbonsäuren und Polyhydroxycarbonsäuren und saure Aminosäuren mit 2-10 C-Atomen. Solche bevorzugt geeigneten Säuren sind z. B. Glycolsäure, Milchsäure, Glutaminsäure, Citronensäure, Weinsäure, Ascorbinsäure. Aber auch andere Carbonsäuren mit 2-10 C-Atomen, z. B. ungesättigte Carbonsäuren wie Sorbinsäure, Ketocarbonsäuren wie Brenztraubensäure, aromatische Carbonsäuren wie z. B. Benzoesäure, Dicarbonsäuren wie z. B. Glutar- oder Adipinsäure, Maleinsäure, Phthalsäure oder Schleimsäure sind als salzbildende Säuren für das Chitosan geeignet.Inorganic and organic water-soluble acids, e.g. As hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or phosphoric acid. However, organic acids, in particular carboxylic acids with 2-10 C atoms, are preferably used. Suitable carboxylic acids are especially the hydroxycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxycarboxylic acids and acidic amino acids with 2-10 C atoms. Such preferably suitable acids are e.g. As glycolic acid, lactic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid. But also other carboxylic acids with 2-10 C atoms, e.g. B. unsaturated carboxylic acids such as sorbic acid, ketocarboxylic acids such as pyruvic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as. B. benzoic acid, dicarboxylic acids such as. B. glutaric or adipic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid or mucic acid are suitable as salt-forming acids for chitosan.
Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Lösung des Chitosansalzes enthält das Chitosansalz in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-%.The solution of the chitosan salt to be used according to the invention contains the chitosan salt in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight.
Als Pigmente eignen sich alle in Wasser löslichen farblosen oder farbigen, anorganischen oder organischen teilchenformigen Substanzen, die einen Farbeffekt, einen Glanz oder Perlglanz oder eine Trübung bewirken.Suitable as pigments are all water-soluble colorless or colored, inorganic or organic particulate substances which bring about a color effect, a gloss or pearlescent or clouding.
Geeignete Weißpigmente sind z. B. Titandioxid, Zinkoxid, Zinksulfid, Kombinationen aus Titandioxid oder Kaolin und Glimmer, Bariumsulfat, Bariumcarbonat, Bariumwolframat, Wismut-oxyclorid, basisches Wismutnitrat, Bleisulfat, basisches Bleicarbonat, Bleisilicat, Strontiumsulfid, Calciumsilicat und Antimon-(3)-oxid.Suitable white pigments are e.g. B. titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, combinations of titanium dioxide or kaolin and mica, barium sulfate, barium carbonate, Barium tungstate, bismuth oxychloride, basic bismuth nitrate, lead sulfate, basic lead carbonate, lead silicate, strontium sulfide, calcium silicate and antimony (3) oxide.
Geeignete Farbpigmente sind vor allem Oxide, Oxidhydrate, Carbonate, Sulfide, Selenide, Sulfate, Chromate, Molybdate, schwefelhaltige Silicate und komplexe Metall- cyanide von Metallen der 6. bis 12. Gruppe des periodischen Systems. Beispiele solcher Pigmente sind verschiedene Eisenoxide, Chromoxid, Kupferphthalocyan und Eisen- (3)cyanoferrat(4).Suitable color pigments are especially oxides, oxide hydrates, carbonates, sulfides, selenides, sulfates, chromates, molybdates, sulfur-containing silicates and complex metal cyanides of metals from the 6th to 12th group of the periodic system. Examples of such pigments are various iron oxides, chromium oxide, copper phthalocyanine and iron (3) cyanoferrate (4).
Als Schwarzpigmente eignen sich Ruß und Eisenoxidschwarz oder Mischkristalle von Kupferoxid, Chromoxid und Eisenoxid (Echtschwarz 100).Carbon black and iron oxide black or mixed crystals of copper oxide, chromium oxide and iron oxide (real black 100) are suitable as black pigments.
Als Glanzpigmente können Metallpulver, z. B. von Aluminium, Kupfer und dessen Legierungen mit Silber und Cadmium eingesetzt werden.Metal powders, e.g. B. of aluminum, copper and its alloys with silver and cadmium.
Als Perlglanzpigmente eignen sich z. B. Bleicarbonat, Wismutoxychlorid oder Titandioxid-Glimmer.As pearlescent pigments are, for. B. lead carbonate, bismuth oxychloride or titanium dioxide mica.
Als Leuchtpigmente (Lumineszenz-Pigmente) können mit Metallen wie Kupfer, Mangan oder Silber und anderen dotierte, hochreine Sulfide, Oxide, Selenide oder Carbonate verwendet werden, z. B. mit Silber dotiertes Zinksulfat (blaues Leuchtpigment) oder mit Kupfer und Aluminium dotiertes Zinksulfid (grünes Leuchtpigment).As luminescent pigments (luminescent pigments) can be used with metals such as copper, manganese or silver and other doped, highly pure sulfides, oxides, selenides or carbonates, for. B. with silver-doped zinc sulfate (blue light pigment) or with copper and aluminum-doped zinc sulfide (green light pigment).
Organische Farbpigmente sind z. B. Azo-Pigmente, Indigoide, Dioxazin-, Chinacridon-, Phthalocyan-, Isoindolinon-, Perylen- und Perinon-Pigmente, Metallkomplex-Pigmente, Alkaliblau- und Diketopyrolopyrrol-Pigmente und synthetisches Melanin. Darüber hinaus können auch natürliche Farbpigmente, z. B. Chlorophyll, und gemahlene Blüten, Schalen, Stengel, Blätter oder Wurzeln von Pflanzen verwendet werden.Organic color pigments are e.g. B. azo pigments, indigoids, dioxazine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine, isoindolinone, perylene and perinone pigments, metal complex pigments, alkali blue and diketopyrolopyrrole pigments and synthetic melanin. In addition, natural color pigments, e.g. As chlorophyll, and ground flowers, shells, stems, leaves or roots of plants can be used.
Zusätzlich zu den genannten Pigmenten können noch Mattierungs- oder Trübungsmittel in den Pigmentdispersionen enthalten sein. Solche Trübungsmittel sind z. B. anorganische Pulver wie z. B. Kieselsäuren, Talkum, Veegum, Kaolin, organische Füllstoffe wie z. B. Stärke oder Stärkederivate, Polymerpulver oder Naturmehle (z. B. Kernmehle).In addition to the pigments mentioned, matting or opacifying agents can also be present in the pigment dispersions. Such opacifiers are e.g. B. inorganic Powder such as As silicas, talc, Veegum, kaolin, organic fillers such. B. starch or starch derivatives, polymer powder or natural flours (e.g. core flours).
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Pigment in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 1 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gewicht der Kapseln und in einer Partikelgröße von weniger als 1 μm, bevorzugt von weniger als 0,5 μm enthalten.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pigment is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the capsules, and in a particle size of less than 1 μm, preferably less than 0.5 μm.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung enthält die Kapsel zusätzlich zu dem dispergierten Pigment noch eine dispergierte Lipidkomponente. Diese dient einerseits der Stabilisierung der Pigment-Dispersion, andererseits lassen sich durch die Lipidkomponente interessante kosmetische, hautweichmachende Stoffe in die Kapseln einbringen. Auch kann die Lipidphase als Trägerphase für darin gelöste kosmetische und dermatologische Wirkstoffe dienen.In a preferred embodiment, the capsule contains a dispersed lipid component in addition to the dispersed pigment. On the one hand, this serves to stabilize the pigment dispersion, and on the other hand, the lipid component can be used to introduce interesting cosmetic, skin-softening substances into the capsules. The lipid phase can also serve as a carrier phase for cosmetic and dermatological active ingredients dissolved therein.
Als Lipidkomponenten können dabei alle wasserunlöslichen organischen Stoffe, die entweder fest und in feiner Verteilung vorliegen oder die flüssig sind und sich emulgieren lassen, verwendet werden. Dispergierte feste lipophile Stoffe können z. B. Wachse oder wachsartige Substanzen, z. B. Fettalkohole mit 16-22 C-Atomen, gehärtete Triglyceridfette aus Cι6-C22-Fettsäuren, synthetische Fettsäure-Fettalkoholester, Paraffine, Polyethylenwachs, Silikonwachse oder andere Polymerpulver sein. Auch lipophile, feste kosmetische oder pharmazeutishe Wirkstoffe können in der Chitosan- Lösung dispergiert sein. Solche Stoffe sind z. B. die Ceramide, Retinol- oder Retinolester, Cholesterin oder Phytosterine.All water-insoluble organic substances which are either solid and in fine distribution or which are liquid and can be emulsified can be used as lipid components. Dispersed solid lipophilic substances can e.g. B. waxes or wax-like substances, e.g. B. fatty alcohols with 16-22 carbon atoms, hardened triglyceride fats from Cι 6 -C 22 fatty acids, synthetic fatty acid fatty alcohol esters, paraffins, polyethylene wax, silicone waxes or other polymer powders. Lipophilic, solid cosmetic or pharmaceutical active ingredients can also be dispersed in the chitosan solution. Such substances are e.g. B. the ceramides, retinol or retinol esters, cholesterol or phytosterols.
Flüssige lipophile Stoffe, die in emulgierter Form in der Chitosan-Salz-Lösung enthalten sein können, sind vor allem kosmetische Ölkomponenten sowie flüssige kosmetische und pharmakologische Wirkstoffe.Liquid lipophilic substances which can be contained in the chitosan salt solution in emulsified form are, above all, cosmetic oil components and liquid cosmetic and pharmacological active substances.
Geeignete Ölkomponenten sind z. B. Paraffinöl und andere flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe, z. B. 1,3-Dioctylcyclohexan, Silikonöle, Di-n-alkylether mit insgesamt 12-36 C-Atomen, flüssige Fettalkohole, z. B. Guerbet- Alkohole mit 12-36 C-Atomen, Oleyalkohol, Ester von C6-C22-Fettsäuren mit C6-C22-Fettalkoholen, insbesondere solche von verzweigten Fettsäuren oder von verzweigten Alkoholen, flüssige Di- und Triglyceridöle, z. B. C80- Fettsäure-Triglycerid oder Triolein, pflanzliche Öle, Kohlensäureester von Fettalkoholen oder Guerbet Alkoholen und andere Fettsäureester wie z. B. Isopropylmyristat oder Butylstearat.Suitable oil components are e.g. B. paraffin oil and other liquid hydrocarbons, e.g. B. 1,3-dioctylcyclohexane, silicone oils, di-n-alkyl ethers with a total of 12-36 carbon atoms, liquid fatty alcohols, e.g. B. Guerbet alcohols with 12-36 carbon atoms, olefin alcohol, esters of C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols, especially those of branched Fatty acids or from branched alcohols, liquid di- and triglyceride oils, e.g. B. C 80 - fatty acid triglyceride or triolein, vegetable oils, carbonic acid esters of fatty alcohols or Guerbet alcohols and other fatty acid esters such as. B. isopropyl myristate or butyl stearate.
In der Lipidkomponente können lipophile kosmetische und/oder dermatologische Wirkstoffe, z. B. Vitamine wie Tocopherol oder Tocopherolester, Ascorbylpalmitat, Retinolpalmitat, Bisabolol, Phytantriol, essentielle Öle (Aromen, Duftstoffe), öllösliche UV-Filterstoffe, öllösliche Farbstoffe, Ceramide und andere lipophile Wirkstoffe gelöst sein.In the lipid component, lipophilic cosmetic and / or dermatological active ingredients, e.g. B. vitamins such as tocopherol or tocopherol esters, ascorbyl palmitate, retinol palmitate, bisabolol, phytantriol, essential oils (aromas, fragrances), oil-soluble UV filter substances, oil-soluble dyes, ceramides and other lipophilic active substances.
Der Einsatz von oberflächenaktiven Stoffen ist zur Dispergierung der Pigmente und Füllstoffe nicht unbedingt erforderlich, da die Chitosansalz-Lösung selbst ein gutes Dispergiervermögen aufweist. Die Emulgierung einer Lipidkomponente erfordert aber den Einsatz eines Emulgators, bevorzugt eines Öl-in-Wasser-Emulgators.The use of surface-active substances is not absolutely necessary to disperse the pigments and fillers, since the chitosan salt solution itself has good dispersibility. However, the emulsification of a lipid component requires the use of an emulsifier, preferably an oil-in-water emulsifier.
Als Emulgatoren und Dispergatoren eignen sich bevorzugt nichtionogene Tenside, z. B.Preferred emulsifiers and dispersants are nonionic surfactants, e.g. B.
Anlagerungsprodukte von 2 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid und/ oder bis zu 5 Mol Propylenoxid an lineare Fettalkohole mit 8 bis 22 C-Atomen, an Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen und an Alkylphenole mit 8 bis 15 C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe;Addition products of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and / or up to 5 moles of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and with alkylphenols with 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group;
2/ι8-Fettsäuremono- und -diester von Anlagerungsprodukten von 1 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid an Glycerin2 / ι 8 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with glycerol
Glycerinmono- und -diester und Sorbitanmono- und -diester von gesättigten und ungesättigten Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen und deren Ethylenoxidanlagerungsprodukte;Glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and their ethylene oxide addition products;
Alkylmono- und -oligoglycoside mit 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest und deren ethoxylierte Analoga;Alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and their ethoxylated analogs;
Anlagerungsprodukte von 15 bis 60 Mol Ethylenoxid an Ricinusöl und/oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl; Polyol- und insbesondere Polyglycerinester wie z. B. Polyglycerin- polyricinoleat oder Polyglycerinpoly-12-hydroxystearat. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Gemische von Verbindungen aus mehreren dieser Substanzklassen;Addition products of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil; Polyol and especially polyglycerol esters such. B. polyglycerol polyricinoleate or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate. Mixtures of compounds from several of these classes of substances are also suitable;
Anlagerungsprodukte von 2 bis 15 Mol Ethylenoxid an Ricinusöl und/oder gehärtetes Ricinusöl;Addition products of 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and / or hardened castor oil;
Partialester auf Basis linearer, verzweigter, ungesättigter bzw. gesättigter C6/22-Fettsäuren, Ricinolsäure oder 12-Hydroxystearinsäure mit Glycerin, Polyglycerin, Pentaerythrit, Dipentaerythrit, Zuckeralkoholen (z. B. Sorbit), Alkylglucosiden (z. B. Methylglucosid, Butylglucosid, Laurylglucosid) sowie Polyglucosiden (z. B. Cellulose);Partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated C 6/22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid or 12-hydroxystearic acid with glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (eg., Sorbitol), alkyl glucosides (for. Example methyl glucoside, butyl glucoside , Lauryl glucoside) and polyglucosides (e.g. cellulose);
Trialkylphosphate sowie Mono-, Di- und/oder Tri-PEG-alkylphosphate;Trialkyl phosphates and mono-, di- and / or tri-PEG-alkyl phosphates;
Woll wachsalkohole ;Wool wax alcohols;
Polysiloxan-Polyalkyl-Polyether-Copolymere bzw. entsprechende Derivate;Polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives;
Mischester aus Pentaerythrit, Fettsäuren, Citronensäure und Fettalkohol gemäß DE-PS 1165574 und/oder Mischester von Fettsäuren mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit Methylglucose oder Polyolen, vorzugsweise Glycerin sowie Polyalkylenglycolen.Mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and fatty alcohol according to DE-PS 1165574 and / or mixed esters of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with methyl glucose or polyols, preferably glycerol and polyalkylene glycols.
Die Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid und/oder von Propylenoxid an Fettalkohole, Fettsäuren, Alkylphenole, Glycerinmono- und -diester sowie Sorbitanmono- und -diester von Fettsäuren oder an Ricinusöl stellen bekannte, im Handel erhältliche Produkte dar. Es handelt sich dabei um Homologengemische, deren mittlerer Alkoxylierungsgrad dem Molverhältnis von Ethylenoxid und/oder Propylenoxid und Substrat, mit denen die Anlagerungsreaktion durchgeführt wird, entspricht.The adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol mono- and diesters and sorbitan mono- and diesters of fatty acids or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologs, the middle of which Degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the molar ratio of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried out.
C8/18-Alkylmono- und -oligoglycoside werden insbesondere durch Umsetzung von Glu- cose oder Oligosacchariden mit primären Alkoholen mit 8 bis 18 C-Atomen hergestellt. Bezüglich des Glycosidrestes gilt, daß sowohl Monoglycoside, bei denen ein Zuckerrest glycosidisch an den Fettalkohol gebunden ist, als auch oligomere Glycoside mit einem Oligomerisationsgrad bis vorzugsweise etwa 8 geeignet sind. Der Oligomerisationsgrad ist dabei ein statistischer Mittelwert, dem eine für solche technischen Produkte übliche Homologenverteilung zugrunde liegt.C 8/18 alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides are produced in particular by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms. With regard to the glycoside residue, both monoglycosides in which a sugar residue is glycosidically bonded to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides with a degree of oligomerization of up to about 8 are suitable. The degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean based on a homolog distribution common for such technical products.
Weiterhin können als Emulgatoren zwitterionische Tenside verwendet werden. Als zwitterionische Tenside werden solche oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen bezeichnet, die im Molekül mindestens eine quartäre Ammoniumgruppe und mindestens eine Carboxylat- oder Sulfonatgruppe tragen. Besonders geeignete zwitterionische Tenside sind die sogenannten Betaine wie die N-Alkyl-N,N-dimethylammoniumglycinate, beispielsweise das Kokosalkyldimethylammoniumglycinat, N-Acylamino-propyl-N,N- dimethylammoniumglycinate, beispielsweise das Kokosacylaminopropyldimethyl- ammoniumglycinat, und 2-Alkyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolin mit jeweils 8 bis 18 C-Atomen in der Alkyl- oder Acylgruppe sowie das Kokosacylaminoethyl- hydroxyethyl carboxymethylglycinat. Besonders bevorzugt ist das unter der CTFA- Bezeichnung Cocamidopropyl Betaine bekannte Fettsäureamid-Derivat.Zwitterionic surfactants can also be used as emulsifiers. Zwitterionic surfactants are those surface-active compounds which carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate or sulfonate group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut alkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylamino-propyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut acylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxylate -3-hydroxyethylimidazoline, each with 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and the cocoacylaminoethyl-hydroxyethyl carboxymethylglycinate. The fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularly preferred.
Ebenfalls geeignete Emulgatoren sind ampholytische Tenside. Unter ampholytischen Tensiden werden solche oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen verstanden, die außer einer C-8/18- Alkyl- oder -Acylgruppe im Molekül mindestens eine freie Aminogruppe und mindestens eine -COOH- oder -SO3H-Gruppe enthalten und zur Ausbildung innerer Salze befähigt sind.Suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants. Ampholytic surfactants are understood to mean those surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C 8/18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO 3 H group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts ,
Beispiele für geeignete ampholytische Tenside sind N-Alkylglycine, N-Alkylaminopropionsäuren, N-Alkylaminobuttersäuren, N-Alkyliminodipropionsäuren, N-Hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine, N-Alkyltaurine, N-Alkylsarcosine, und Alkylaminoessigsäuren mit jeweils etwa 8 bis 18 C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe. Besonders bevorzugte ampholytische Tenside sind das N-Kokosalkylaminopropionat, das Kokosacylaminoethylaminopropionat und das Cι2/ι8-Acylsarcosin.Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycine, N-alkylaminopropionic acid, N-alkylaminobutyric acid, N-alkyliminodipropionic acid, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine, N-alkyltaurine, N-alkyl sarcosine, and alkylaminoacetic acid each with about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethyl aminopropionate and Cι 2 / ι 8 acyl sarcosine.
Neben den ampholytischen kommen auch kationische Emulgatoren in Betracht, wobei solche vom Typ der Esterquats, vorzugsweise methyl-auternierte Difettsäure- triethanolaminester-Salze besonders bevorzugt sind. Die Emulgatoren werden in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 1 Gewichtsteil pro Gewichtsteil des emulgierten Lipids eingesetzt. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens stellt man eine Dispersion her, dieIn addition to the ampholytic, cationic emulsifiers are also suitable, those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-autogenized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred. The emulsifiers are used in an amount of 0.001 to 1 part by weight per part by weight of the emulsified lipid. In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, a dispersion is produced which
0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% gelöstes Chitosansalz0.1 to 5 wt .-% dissolved chitosan salt
5 bis 50 Gew.-% emulgierte Lipidkomponente5 to 50 wt .-% emulsified lipid component
0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% wenigstens eines Emulgators und0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one emulsifier and
0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% wenigstens eines teilchenformigen Pigments0.01 to 1% by weight of at least one particulate pigment
enthält.contains.
Zur Herstellung einer solchen Pigment-Dispersion ist es vorteilhaft, das Pigment zusammen mit der Ölkomponente und dem Emulgator in die wäßrige Phase einzuarbeiten. Man kann aber auch zuerst eine Emulsion der Lipidkomponente herstellen und dann das Pigment in die Emulsion einarbeiten. In jedem Falle wird durch die emulgierte Lipidkomponente eine stabile Dispergierung des Pigments erzielt.To prepare such a pigment dispersion, it is advantageous to incorporate the pigment into the aqueous phase together with the oil component and the emulsifier. But you can also first create an emulsion of the lipid component and then incorporate the pigment into the emulsion. In any case, a stable dispersion of the pigment is achieved by the emulsified lipid component.
Die wäßrige Lösung des Chitosansalzes oder die daraus hergestellte Pigment-Dispersion kann weitere wasserlösliche Stoffe enthalten, die entweder galenische Hilfsstoffe, z. B. zur Erhöhung der mikrobiologischen oder physikalischen Stabilität der Emulsion oder der Kapselwand oder auch kosmetische oder dermatologische Wirkstoffe sein können.The aqueous solution of the chitosan salt or the pigment dispersion prepared therefrom may contain further water-soluble substances which either contain pharmaceutical auxiliaries, for. B. to increase the microbiological or physical stability of the emulsion or the capsule wall or cosmetic or dermatological active ingredients.
Solche hydrophilen Stoffe sind Salze, z. B. Puffersalze, wasserlösliche Konservierungsmittel (Na-Benzoat, Na-Sorbat, 1 ,6-Hexandiol, p-Hydroxybenzoesäuremethylester), wasserlösliche kosmetische Wirkstoffe wie z. B. Ascorbinsäure, Harnstoff, Allantoin, Panthenol, Fruchtsäuren, Aminosäuren, Pflanzenextrakte, wasserlösliche UV-Filtersubstanzen, Polyole wie Glycerin, Sorbit und 1,2-Propylenglycol, Polyethylenglycole, Zucker, Glucamine und wasserlösliche Farbstoffe,nichtionische oder kationische Polymere z. B. Agar-Agar, Gelatine, Cellulose(derivate), Polyquaternium 7 etc.Such hydrophilic substances are salts, e.g. B. buffer salts, water-soluble preservatives (Na benzoate, Na sorbate, 1, 6-hexanediol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester), water-soluble cosmetic active ingredients such as. B. ascorbic acid, urea, allantoin, panthenol, fruit acids, amino acids, plant extracts, water-soluble UV filter substances, polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol and 1,2-propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, sugars, glucamines and water-soluble dyes, nonionic or cationic polymers such. B. agar-agar, gelatin, cellulose (derivatives), polyquaternium 7 etc.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die wäßrige Lösung des Chitosansalzes oder die daraus hergestellte Dispersion noch weitere gelöste kationische Polymere. Geeignete wasserlösliche kationische Polymere sind synthetische Polymersalze, deren Monomerbausteine primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre Aminogruppen tragen, die durch Salzbildung mit Säuren diese Polymerisate wasserlöslich machen. Andere geeignete kationische Polymere tragen wiederkehrende Monomerbausteine mit quartären Ammoniumgruppen, die ebenfalls eine Wasserlöslichkeit des Moleküls bewirken. Schließlich sind auch wasserlösliche Derivate von natürlichen Polysacchariden oder von Proteinen mit kationischen Gruppen als Kationpolymere verwendbar.In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous solution of the chitosan salt or the dispersion produced therefrom also contains further dissolved cationic polymers. Suitable water-soluble cationic polymers are synthetic polymer salts, the monomer units of which carry primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, which make these polymers water-soluble by salt formation with acids. Other suitable cationic polymers carry recurring monomer units with quaternary ammonium groups, which also cause the molecule to be water-soluble. Finally, water-soluble derivatives of natural polysaccharides or of proteins with cationic groups can also be used as cation polymers.
Beispiele für geeignete kationische Polymere sind z. B. die wasserlöslichen Homo- polymere des Dimethyldialkylammoniumchlorids und dessen wasserlösliche Copolymere mit z. B. Acrylamid (Handelsname z. B. MerquatR S), des Poly[N-(3-(dimethyl- ammonium)propyl-N'-(3-ethylenoxyethylendimethylammonium)-propyl]-harnstoff-di- chlorid (Handelsname: MirapolR A 15), die Polymeren des Methacrylamidopropyl-tri- methylammoniumchlorids und dessen Copolymerisate mit Vinylpyrrolidon (Handelsname: GafquatR HS 100), die Copolymeren des Vinylimidazolinium-methochlorids mit Vinylpyrrolidon (Handelsname z. B. LuviquatR HM 552) oder die Umsetzungsprodukte von Hydroxyethylcellulose mit 3-Chlor-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid (Handelsname: Polymer J 400).Examples of suitable cationic polymers are e.g. B. the water-soluble homopolymers of dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride and its water-soluble copolymers with z. B. Acrylamide (trade name e.g. Merquat R S), the poly [N- (3- (dimethylammonium) propyl-N '- (3-ethyleneoxyethylene dimethylammonium) propyl] urea di-chloride (trade name: Mirapol R A 15), the polymers of methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and its copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone (trade name: Gafquat R HS 100), the copolymers of vinylimidazolinium methochloride with vinylpyrrolidone (trade name eg Luviquat R HM 552) or the reaction products of Hydroxyethyl cellulose with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride (trade name: Polymer J 400).
Als Fällungs- oder Vernetzungsmittel sollen solche Stoffe verstanden werden, die in wäßriger Lösung mit dem Chitosansalz unter Bildung wasserunlöslicher Produkte reagieren.Precipitants or crosslinking agents are understood to mean those substances which react in aqueous solution with the chitosan salt to form water-insoluble products.
Im einfachsten Falle handelt es sich dabei z. B. um ein Alkali, z. B. um ein gelöstes Alkalihydroxid, ein Alkalicarbonat, Guanidin, ein Alkanolamin oder ein anderes basisches Produkt, welches das Chitosan aus seinem Salz verdrängt und zur Ausfällung bringt.In the simplest case, it is e.g. B. an alkali, e.g. B. a dissolved alkali hydroxide, an alkali carbonate, guanidine, an alkanolamine or another basic product which displaces the chitosan from its salt and causes it to precipitate.
Geeignet als Fällungsmittel sind auch anionische Polyelektrolyte, z. B. die wasserlöslichen Salze von Polyphosphorsäuren, z. B. Natriumtripolyphosphat, die wasserlösichen Salze von Polycarbonsäuren, z. B. Natriumpolyacrylat oder von vernetzten Polyacrylaten. Auch wasserlösliche Salze von polymeren Sulfonsäuren, z. B. 01 _ ., ., _Anionic polyelectrolytes, e.g. B. the water-soluble salts of polyphosphoric acids, for. B. sodium tripolyphosphate, the water-soluble salts of polycarboxylic acids, for. B. sodium polyacrylate or crosslinked polyacrylates. Also water-soluble salts of polymeric sulfonic acids, e.g. B. 01 _.,., _
Polyvinylsulfonate, oder von polymeren Phosphorsäureestern, z. B. Nukleinsäuren wie z. B. Desoxyribonukleinsäure, sowie von polymeren Organophosphonsäuren, eignen sich als Fällungsmittel für das Chitosan. Auch anionische Derivate natürlicher Polymere wie z. B. Salze von Carboxymethylcellulose, Carboxymethylstärke oder Carboxymethylguar eignen sich als Fällungsmittel.Polyvinyl sulfonates, or of polymeric phosphoric acid esters, e.g. B. nucleic acids such. B. deoxyribonucleic acid and polymeric organophosphonic acids are suitable as precipitants for the chitosan. Anionic derivatives of natural polymers such as. B. salts of carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch or carboxymethyl guar are suitable as precipitants.
Schließlich eignen sich auch anionische Tenside, da diese in einer Konzentration oberhalb ihrer kritischen Mizellbildungskonzentration Assoziate bilden, die als Mizellen, lamellare Phasen, Vesikel oder andere Assoziationskolloide in Erscheinung treten.Finally, anionic surfactants are also suitable, since at a concentration above their critical micelle formation concentration they form associations which appear as micelles, lamellar phases, vesicles or other association colloids.
Als anionische Tenside werden dabei generell solche Moleküle verstanden, die eine wasserlöslichmachende, anionische Gruppe, z. B. eine Carboxylat-, Sulfat-, Sulfonat- oder Phosphat-Gruppe und eine lipophile Alkyl- oder Acylgruppe mit etwa 8-22 C-Atomen aufweisen. Zusätzlich können Glycol- oder Polyglycoletheer-Gruppen, Ester-, Ether- und/oder Amidgruppen sowie Hydroxylgruppen im Molekül vorhanden sein.Anionic surfactants are generally understood to be those molecules which have a water-solubilizing, anionic group, e.g. B. have a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate or phosphate group and a lipophilic alkyl or acyl group with about 8-22 carbon atoms. In addition, glycol or polyglycol ether groups, ester, ether and / or amide groups and hydroxyl groups can be present in the molecule.
Beispiele für geeignete anionische Tenside sind, jeweils in Form der Natrium-, Kalium-, Ammonium- oder der Mono-, Di-oder Trialkanolammoniumsalze mit 2 oder 3 C-Atomen in der Alkanolgruppe sind dieExamples of suitable anionic surfactants are, in each case in the form of the sodium, potassium, ammonium or the mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts with 2 or 3 carbon atoms in the alkanol group
linearen Cιo-C22-Fettsäurenlinear Cιo-C 22 fatty acids
Ethercarbonsäuren der Formel R-O-(CH2-CH -O)x-CH2-COOH in der R eine lineare Alkylgruppe mit 10 bis 22 C-Atomen und X=0 oder 1 bis 16 istEther carboxylic acids of the formula RO- (CH 2 -CH -O) x -CH 2 -COOH in which R is a linear alkyl group with 10 to 22 carbon atoms and X = 0 or 1 to 16
Acylsarkoside mit 10-18 C-Atomen in der Acylgruppe acylierten Aminosäuren und acylierten Proteinhydrolysate mit 12-22 C-Atomen in der Acylgruppe, linearen Alkylsulfate und Alkylpolyglycolethersulfate der Formel R-O-(CH2-CH - O)x-OSO3H, in der R eine lineare Alkylgruppe mit 10-18 C-Atomen und X=0 oder 1-12 istAcyl sarcosides with 10-18 C-atoms in the acyl group, and acylated protein hydrolyzates with 12-22 C-atoms in the acyl group, linear alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates of the formula RO- (CH 2 -CH - O) x -OSO 3 H, in the R is a linear alkyl group with 10-18 carbon atoms and X = 0 or 1-12
Fettsäuremonoglycerid-Sulfate von Cι -Cι8-Fettsäuren, z. B. Natrium Cocosmono- glyceridsulfat Acyltauride und Acylisethionate mit jeweils 10-18 C-Atomen in der Acylgruppe, linearen Alkansulfonate mit 12-18 C-AtomenFatty acid monoglyceride sulfates of -C 8 -C 8 fatty acids, for. B. sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfate Acyl taurides and acyl isethionates, each with 10-18 C atoms in the acyl group, linear alkanesulfonates with 12-18 C atoms
- linearen Alpha-Olefinsulfonate mit 12-16 C-Atomen- Linear alpha-olefin sulfonates with 12-16 carbon atoms
Sulfobernsteinsäuremono- und Dialkylester mit 8-18- C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe und Sulfobernsteinsäuremonoalkylpolyglycolester mit 8-18Sulfosuccinic acid mono- and dialkyl esters with 8-18 C atoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyl polyglycol esters with 8-18
C-Atomen in der Alkylgruppe und 1 -6 GlycolethergruppenC atoms in the alkyl group and 1 -6 glycol ether groups
- Alpha-Sulfofettsäuremethylester von C 12-C 18-Fettsäuren- Alpha sulfo fatty acid methyl ester of C 12 -C 18 fatty acids
- Phosphorsäuremono- und -diester von C12-Cι8-Fettalkoholen und Fettalkohol- polyglycolethern mit 1-12 Glycolethergruppen.- Phosphoric acid mono- and diesters of C 12 -C 8 fatty alcohols and fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with 1-12 glycol ether groups.
Weiterhin sind auch bestimmte anionische Farbstoffe als Fällungsmittel für das Chitosan geeignet. Geeignete anionische Farbstoffe sind wasserlöslich und enthalten als wasserlöslichmachende Gruppe Carboxylat- oder Phenolat-Gruppen (Fluorescein, Phenolphthalein) oder bevorzugt Sulfonat-Gruppen gebunden an ein chromophores, meist aromatisches System.Certain anionic dyes are also suitable as precipitants for the chitosan. Suitable anionic dyes are water-soluble and contain, as a water-solubilizing group, carboxylate or phenolate groups (fluorescein, phenolphthalein) or preferably sulfonate groups bound to a chromophoric, mostly aromatic system.
Beispiele geeigneter anionischer Farbstoffe finden sich in der Food Red und Food Yellow-Serie bzw. in der Acid Red, Acid Orange, Acid Yellow, Acid Violet und Acid Blue-Serie mit einer oder zwei Carboxyl- und/oder Sulfogruppen an einem chromophoren aromatischen Ringsystem.Examples of suitable anionic dyes can be found in the Food Red and Food Yellow series or in the Acid Red, Acid Orange, Acid Yellow, Acid Violet and Acid Blue series with one or two carboxyl and / or sulfo groups on a chromophoric aromatic ring system ,
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist das Fällungsmittel ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der anionischen Tenside, der anionischen Farbstoffe, der anionischen Poly- elektrolyte oder der Gemische davon.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the precipitant is selected from the group of anionic surfactants, anionic dyes, anionic polyelectrolytes or mixtures thereof.
Zusätzlich zu den genannten Fällungsmitteln für das Chitosan, welche die Ausbildung einer Membran aus Chitosan oder einem Chitosan-Fällungsmitttel-Komplex bewirken, kann es erwünscht sein, diese Membran weiter zu stabilisieren und gegen mechanische und chemische Einflüsse zu festigen. Eine solche weitere Stabilisierung kann z. B. durch eine Vernetzung oder Derivatisierung des Chitosans kann z. B. durch Umsetzung mit einem aliphatischen Dialdehyd, z. B. mit Glyoxal oder mit Glutardialdehyd erfolgen. Eine andere Möglichkeit der Vernetzung besteht in der Umsetzung mit einem Diisocyanat oder mit einem Dicarbonsäureanhydrid wie z. B. Maleinsäureanhydrid, Bernsteinsäureanhydrid, Phthalsäureenhydrid usw.. Durch Umsetzung mit einem Monocarbonsäure- Anhydrid, z. B. Essigsäureanhydrid kann eine Acetylierung erfolgen, die das Chitosan wieder in das wasserunlösliche Chitin überführt und auf diese Weise die Membran stabilisiert.In addition to the above-mentioned precipitants for the chitosan, which cause the formation of a membrane from chitosan or a chitosan-precipitant complex, it may be desirable to further stabilize this membrane and to strengthen it against mechanical and chemical influences. Such further stabilization can e.g. B. by crosslinking or derivatization of the chitosan z. B. by implementation with an aliphatic dialdehyde, e.g. B. with glyoxal or with glutardialdehyde. Another way of crosslinking is to react with a diisocyanate or with a dicarboxylic anhydride such as. B. maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, etc. By reaction with a monocarboxylic acid anhydride, for. B. Acetic anhydride, acetylation can take place, which converts the chitosan back into the water-insoluble chitin and in this way stabilizes the membrane.
Die für die Vernetzung oder Derivatisierung erforderlichen Reagentien werden der Lösung des Fällungsmittels entweder vor oder bevorzugt nach der Zugabe der Chitosan- Lösung und der Ausbildung der Kapseln zugesetzt.The reagents required for the crosslinking or derivatization are added to the solution of the precipitant either before or preferably after the addition of the chitosan solution and the formation of the capsules.
Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Kapseln lassen sich zwar aus dem wäßrigen Produktionsmedium isolieren, z. B. durch Filtration, Sedimentation oder Zentrifugieren. Sie sollten dann aber bald möglich in eine andere wäßrige oder ölige Trägerphase aufgenommen werden, da die eingeschlossene Dispersion durch die Kapselwand hindurch Wasser an die Luft abgeben kann und die Kapsel daher bei Lagerung an der Luft deformiert oder ganz zerstört werden können.The capsules produced according to the invention can be isolated from the aqueous production medium, e.g. B. by filtration, sedimentation or centrifugation. You should then be taken up in another aqueous or oily carrier phase as soon as possible because the enclosed dispersion can release water into the air through the capsule wall and the capsule can therefore be deformed or completely destroyed when stored in the air.
Die erfindungsgemäß pigmentierten Kapseln eignen sich als Komponente zur Erzeugung ästetischer Effekte und ggf. auch als Träger kosmetischer oder dermatologischer Wirkstoffe in wäßrigen Zubereitungen zur Reinigung und Pflege des Körpers oder der Haare. Sie lassen sich auch in flüssige und gelförmige Mund- und Zahnpflegemittel, z. B. in Mundwässer oder Flüssigzahncremes einarbeiten. Bevorzugtes Einsatzgebiet ist jedoch das der flüssigen und gelfbrmigen Dusch- und Badepräparate, der Shampoos und Flüssigseifen.The capsules pigmented according to the invention are suitable as a component for producing aesthetic effects and, if appropriate, also as a carrier of cosmetic or dermatological active ingredients in aqueous preparations for cleaning and care of the body or the hair. They can also be used in liquid and gel-like oral and dental care products, e.g. B. incorporate into mouthwashes or liquid toothpastes. However, the preferred area of application is that of liquid and yellow shower and bath preparations, shampoos and liquid soaps.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Erfindung näher erläutern: BeispieleThe following examples are intended to illustrate the invention: Examples
1.1 Herstellung der Dispersion1.1 Preparation of the dispersion
Paraffinöl : 170 gParaffin oil: 170 g
Emulgin 05 : 5 gEmulgin 05: 5 g
Hydagen CMF: 200 gHydagen CMF: 200 g
Echtrot dkl. (C.I. 12490): 0,5 gReal red dark (C.I. 12490): 0.5 g
Emulgin 05 wurde mit Paraffinöl und dem Pigment gemischt und die Mischung auf 60 °C erwärmt. Dann wurde die Mischung in das auf 60 °C erwärmte Hydragen CMF unter Rühren eingetropft und mit einem Homogenisator (Ultra-Turrax) zu einer Dispersion verarbeitet.Emulgin 05 was mixed with paraffin oil and the pigment and the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. The mixture was then dripped into the hydragen CMF heated to 60 ° C. with stirring and processed into a dispersion using a homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax).
1.2 Herstellung der Kapseln1.2 Production of the capsules
Die Dispersion wurde dann mit Hilfe eines Dosierautomaten in eine Lösung vonThe dispersion was then introduced into a solution by means of an automatic dosing device
1 g Na-Laurylsulfat (Texapon K12-98) 1 g NaOH in 98 g Wasser1 g Na lauryl sulfate (Texapon K12-98) 1 g NaOH in 98 g water
bei 25 °C unter Rühren eingetropft. Beim Eintropfen bildeten sich spontan rot pigmentierte, sphärische Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 5 mm.added dropwise at 25 ° C. while stirring. Spotted capsules with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm spontaneously formed red pigmented drops.
Die Kapseln konnten durch Abdekantieren abgetrennt und in Wasser oder beliebigen wäßrigen oder öligen Medien aufgenommen werden. 2. Herstellung weiterer pigmentierter KapselnThe capsules could be separated by decanting and taken up in water or any aqueous or oily media. 2. Production of further pigmented capsules
1.3 2.1 Herstellung der Dispersion1.3 2.1 Preparation of the dispersion
Ölkomponente 10,0 gOil component 10.0 g
DL-α-Tocopherol 3,o gDL-α-tocopherol 3, o g
EumulginR 05 5,0 gEumulgin R 05 5.0 g
Pigment 0,05 gPigment 0.05 g
Hydagen CMF 30,0 gHydagen CMF 30.0 g
Als Ölkomponenten wurden eingesetzt:The following were used as oil components:
2.1.1 Paraffinöl DAB (perliquidum)2.1.1 Paraffin oil DAB (perliquidum)
2.1.2 EutanolRG (2-Octyldodecanol)2.1.2 Eutanol R G (2-octyldodecanol)
2.1.3 CetiolRSN (Cetyl-/Stearyl-isononanoat)2.1.3 Cetiol R SN (cetyl / stearyl isononanoate)
2.1.4 CegesoftR C24 (2-Ethylhexyl-palmitat)2.1.4 Cegesoft R C24 (2-ethylhexyl palmitate)
2.1.5 CetiolRV (Decyloleat)2.1.5 Cetiol R V (decyl oleate)
2.1.6 CetiolRJ 600 (Oleylcrucat)2.1.6 Cetiol R J 600 (oleyl crucate)
2.1.7 Mandelöl2.1.7 almond oil
2.1.8 CetiolRPGL (2-Hexyldecanol und 2-Hexyldecyl-laurat)2.1.8 Cetiol R PGL (2-hexyldecanol and 2-hexyldecyl laurate)
Als Pigmente wurden eingesetzt:The following pigments were used:
Eisenoxidgelb (Pigment Yellow 42), C.I. 77 492 Eisenoxidrot (Pigment Red 101), C.I. 77 491 Chromoxidgrün (Pigment Green 17), C.I. 77 288 Chromophthalblau 4 GN (Pigment Blue 15), C.I. 74160 Echtrot-Dunkel (Pigment Red 5), C.I. 12 490 Preußisch blau (Pigment Blue 27). C.I. 77 510Iron Oxide Yellow (Pigment Yellow 42), C.I. 77 492 Iron Oxide Red (Pigment Red 101), C.I. 77 491 Chromium Oxide Green (Pigment Green 17), C.I. 77 288 Chromophthal Blue 4 GN (Pigment Blue 15), C.I. 74160 Real Red-Dark (Pigment Red 5), C.I. 12 490 Prussian blue (Pigment Blue 27). C.I. 77 510
Die Herstellung der Dispersion und der Kapseln erfolgte analog Beispiel 1. Bei der Ölkomponente 2.1.8 (Cetiol® PLG) wurde zur Bildung der Kapseln als Fällungsbad eine Lösung von 2 g Nukleinsäure-Na-Salz (DNA aus Fischsperma) in 98 g Wasser verwendet. Dabei bildeten sich Kapseln aus einer hellen und einer dunkler pigmentierten Halbschale.The dispersion and the capsules were prepared analogously to Example 1. In the case of oil component 2.1.8 (Cetiol ® PLG), a solution of 2 g of nucleic acid Na salt (DNA from fish sperm) in 98 g of water was used as the precipitation bath to form the capsules. Capsules formed from a light and a dark pigmented half-shell.
3. Herstellung mattierter, pigmentierter Kapseln ohne Lipidkomponente3. Production of matted, pigmented capsules without lipid component
3.1 Herstellung der Dispersionen3.1 Preparation of the dispersions
3.1.1 3.1.23.1.1 3.1.2
Talkum-Pulver: 1,0 g 1,0 g Asebiol LS 2539 BT2 - 1,0 g Chromoxidgrün (C.I. 77288) 0,05 g 0,05 g Hydagen CMF 30,0 g 30,0 gTalc powder: 1.0 g 1.0 g Asebiol LS 2539 BT2 - 1.0 g chrome oxide green (C.I. 77288) 0.05 g 0.05 g Hydagen CMF 30.0 g 30.0 g
Talkumpulver und Chromoxidgrün wurden in Hydagen CMF eingerührt (und Asebiol LS 2539 BT2 zugegeben). Die Mischung wurde mit einem Homogenisator (Ultra-Turrax) zu einer stabilen Dispersion verarbeitet.Talcum powder and chrome oxide green were stirred into Hydagen CMF (and Asebiol LS 2539 BT2 added). The mixture was processed with a homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax) into a stable dispersion.
3.1 Herstellung der Kapseln3.1 Manufacture of the capsules
Die Dispersion wurde mit Hilfe eines Dosierautomaten in eine Lösung vonThe dispersion was dissolved in a solution by means of an automatic dosing system
1 g Na-Laurylsulfat1 g Na lauryl sulfate
2 g Na-Tripolyphosphat 97 g Wasser2 g Na tripolyphosphate 97 g water
bei 25 °C unter Rühren eingetropft. Beim Eintropfen bildeten sich spontan grünpigmentierte Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 6 mm. Die Kapseln zeigten eine mattgrüne Färbung. Es wurden die folgenden Handelsprodukte eingesetzt:added dropwise at 25 ° C. while stirring. When dripped in, green pigmented capsules with a diameter of 1 to 6 mm formed spontaneously. The capsules showed a matt green color. The following commercial products were used:
HydagenR CMF: Chitosansalz-Lösung (1 Gew.-% Chitosan, 0,4 Gew.-% Glycolsäure in Wasser)Hydagen R CMF: chitosan salt solution (1% by weight chitosan, 0.4% by weight glycolic acid in water)
EumulginR05: Cetyl-Oleylalkohol-polyglycolether (5 EO) DragocolorR Echtrot Dunkel: Pigment Red 5 (C10H3IC1 N O7S) (C.I.12490)Eumulgin R 05: Cetyl-oleyl alcohol polyglycol ether (5 EO) Dragocolor R True Red Dark: Pigment Red 5 (C 10 H 3I C1 NO 7 S) (CI12490)
(5/075051)(5/075051)
TexaponR Kl 2-98: Natrium-LaurylsulfatTexapon R Kl 2-98: sodium lauryl sulfate
AsebiolRLS 2539-BT-2: Proteinhydrolysat-Gemisch (Aqua, Hydrolized Yeast Protein, Pyridoxine, Niacinamide, Glycerol, Panthenol, Propyleneglycol, Allantoin, Biotin) Asebiol R LS 2539-BT-2: protein hydrolyzate mixture (Aqua, Hydrolized Yeast Protein, Pyridoxine, Niacinamide, Glycerol, Panthenol, Propyleneglycol, Allantoin, Biotin)

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Pigmentierte Kapseln mit Chitosan als Komponente des Wandmaterials, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kapseln eine Dispersion wenigstens eines Pigments und ggf. einer Lipidkomponente in einem wäßrigen Medium einschließen.1. Pigmented capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, characterized in that the capsules include a dispersion of at least one pigment and optionally a lipid component in an aqueous medium.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung gefärbter Kapseln mit Chitosan als Komponente des Wandmaterials, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine Dispersion eines Pigments und ggf. einer Lipidkomponente in einer wäßrigen Lösung eines Chitosan-Salzes herstellt und diese in die wäßrige Lösung eines Fällungs- oder Vernetzungsmittels für das Chitosan so einbringt, daß sich Kapseln bilden.2. Process for the production of colored capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, characterized in that a dispersion of a pigment and optionally a lipid component is prepared in an aqueous solution of a chitosan salt and these are added to the aqueous solution of a precipitation or crosslinking agent for the Introduces chitosan so that capsules form.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Dispersion in die, z. B. durch Rühren, bewegte Lösung des Fällungs- oder Vernetzungsmittels so eintropft, daß sich Kapseln mit einem Durchmesser von 0,1 bis 10 mm bilden.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the dispersion in the, for. B. by stirring, moving solution of the precipitating or crosslinking agent so that capsules with a diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm form.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine Dispersion herstellt, die4. The method according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that one produces a dispersion, the
0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% gelöstes Chitosan-Salz0.1 to 5% by weight of dissolved chitosan salt
5 bis 50 Gew.-% emulgierte Lipidkomponente5 to 50 wt .-% emulsified lipid component
0,1 bis 5 Gew.-% wenigstens eines Emulgators und0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one emulsifier and
0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% wenigstens eines teilchenformigen Pigments0.01 to 1% by weight of at least one particulate pigment
enthält.contains.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fällungsmittel ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe der anionischen Tenside, der anionischen Farbstoffe, der anionischen Polyolelektrolyte oder Gemischen davon.5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the precipitant is selected from the group of anionic surfactants, anionic dyes, anionic polyol electrolytes or mixtures thereof.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pigment in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 1,0 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gewicht der Kapseln und in einer Partikelgröße von weniger als lμm enthalten ist.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pigment in an amount of 0.001 to 1.0 wt .-% based on the weight of the Capsules and contained in a particle size of less than lμm.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Lösung des Chitosansalzes oder die daraus hergestellte Dispersion noch weitere gelöste Salze kationischer Polymeren enthält.7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the aqueous solution of the chitosan salt or the dispersion prepared therefrom contains further dissolved salts of cationic polymers.
8. Verwendung pigmentierter Kapseln mit Chitosan als Komponente des Wandmaterials, die eine Dispersion wenigstens eines Pigments und ggf. einer Lipidkomponente einschließen, als Komponente zur Erzeugung ästhetischer Effekte und als Träger kosmetischer und dermatologischer Wirkstoffe in wäßrigen Zubereitungen zur Reinigung und Pflege des Körpers und der Haare. 8. Use of pigmented capsules with chitosan as a component of the wall material, which include a dispersion of at least one pigment and possibly a lipid component, as a component for producing aesthetic effects and as a carrier of cosmetic and dermatological active ingredients in aqueous preparations for cleaning and care of the body and hair ,
PCT/EP2000/012692 1999-12-23 2000-12-14 Pigmented chitosan capsules WO2001047625A1 (en)

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WO2014064121A3 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-07-31 Unilever Plc Chitosan particles for surface treatment
CN113248633A (en) * 2021-06-25 2021-08-13 项斌 Preparation method of low-molecular chitosan
US11253458B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2022-02-22 Conopco, Inc. Personal care composition comprising particles
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US7736631B2 (en) 2003-04-01 2010-06-15 L'oreal S.A. Cosmetic dye composition with a lightening effect for human keratin materials, comprising at least one fluorescent dye and at least one aminosilicone, and process of dyeing
DE102004002609A1 (en) * 2004-01-15 2005-08-04 Beiersdorf Ag Cosmetic or dermatological preparation, useful as photo protection formulations and to protect the skin from UV radiation, comprises perylene and/or its derivatives

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EP1243321A1 (en) * 2001-03-22 2002-09-25 Primacare S.L., c/o Cognis Iberica S.L. Microcapsules (IX)
WO2014064121A3 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-07-31 Unilever Plc Chitosan particles for surface treatment
US11253458B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2022-02-22 Conopco, Inc. Personal care composition comprising particles
US11471396B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2022-10-18 Conopco, Inc. Personal care compositions comprising surface-modified particles and non-volatile funcationalised silicone
CN113248633A (en) * 2021-06-25 2021-08-13 项斌 Preparation method of low-molecular chitosan
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