WO2001041675A1 - Nouveaux stents extensibles souples ameliores - Google Patents

Nouveaux stents extensibles souples ameliores Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001041675A1
WO2001041675A1 PCT/US2000/033250 US0033250W WO0141675A1 WO 2001041675 A1 WO2001041675 A1 WO 2001041675A1 US 0033250 W US0033250 W US 0033250W WO 0141675 A1 WO0141675 A1 WO 0141675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stent
radially expandable
generally
flexible links
sections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/033250
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark Dehdashtian
Steve Sosnowski
John D. Fulkerson
Original Assignee
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Edwards Lifesciences Corporation filed Critical Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
Priority to AU24282/01A priority Critical patent/AU2428201A/en
Publication of WO2001041675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001041675A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91575—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to trough

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to medical devices and, in particular, to tissue supporting methods and devices such as expandable stents for insertion, implantation or emplacement into a body lumen.
  • tissue supporting methods and devices such as expandable stents for insertion, implantation or emplacement into a body lumen.
  • expandable comprises any known means for increasing subject devices from a first to at least a second size, position or orientation.
  • Stents are devices that are used during a medical variety of procedures.
  • expandable stents are conventionally used, for example, during medical and related procedures to widen a lumen, such as a blood vessel, and to maintain the vessel in a widened or patent position.
  • This type of stent often referred to as an intravascular stent, initially has a relatively small diameter for inserting and maneuvering the stent within the blood vessel and an expanded diameter for applying a radially outwardly extending force against the vessel wall to hold the peripheral portion of the lumen in a widened position.
  • the stent may be useful, for example, in the treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis and after dilation of blood vessel by balloon catheter angioplasty (e.g., percutaneous Transluminal coronary angioplasty).
  • balloon catheter angioplasty e.g., percutaneous Transluminal coronary angioplasty
  • Conventional stents are generally tubular in shape and, in the expanded position, the hollow center portion allows blood to flow through the stent when used to enhance vascular systems, for example. If the stent deforms or collapses from its expanded position, that obstructs or blocks the flow of blood through the vessel.
  • the stent must have sufficient radial strength to prevent deformation or collapsing of the tubular body.
  • the stent must resist the radially inward force of the blood vessel wall that naturally occurs when the vessel is subjected to the radial outward force of the stent.
  • Conventional stents may not have the required radial strength necessary to hold the lumen in the expanded position and if the stent collapses or deforms, that may result in serious health consequences.
  • Conventional stents that have sufficient radial strength to prevent deformation, or collapsing of the tubular body are often difficult to use because they are not sufficiently flexible to allow the stent to be easily inserted and moved within the patient's body. Specifically, it is often difficult to maneuver the relatively ridge body of a conventional stent through the curved and often tortuous blood vessel passageways. Thus, conventional stents are commonly awkward to use and troublesome to properly position in the blood vessel because of the rigid body.
  • a conventional stent for example, is disclosed in U.S. Letters Patent No. 5,102,417 issued to Palmaz, et al.
  • the Palmaz patent discloses an expandable intraluminal vascular graft including thin-walled tubular members with a plurality of slots disposed substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the tubular members. Because the tubular members are relatively rigid, flexible connectors are needed so that the subject stent can bend when being inserted through a curved lumen such as a blood vessel. Disadvantageously, the stent decreases longitudinally in length when it expands radially and it does not apply a generally uniform force on the inner surface of the blood vessel. This popular stent service to highlight several longstanding needs identified, addressed and overcome by the instant teachings.
  • FIG. 5 Another conventional stent is disclosed in U.S. Letters Patent No. 5,104,404 issued to Wolff.
  • the Wolff patent discloses an articulated stent with a number of individual stent segments that are flexibly connected together by hinges that are welded between adjacent stent segments.
  • the hinges permit articulation between adjacent segments to allow the stent to be placed in an artery or blood vessel that bends.
  • the hinges must be angularly orientated such that the hinges are located on the outside portion of the bend. Thus, if the vessel curves in only one direction, all of the hinges are located on one side of the stent.
  • a first hinge is located on one side of the stent and a second hinge is located on the opposite side of the stent to provide the required matching stent articulation.
  • the artery size and shape must be measured first to determine the size of the individual segments and the placing of the hinges, and then a new stent must be constructed according to the particular size and shape of the artery.
  • the stent when expanded in a curved portion of the blood vessel, it does not provide a uniform force on the inner wall surface of the vessel and this creates undesirable stresses and strains on the blood vessel.
  • the Israel patent discloses a stent for implanting in a body and the stent is formed from a tube with a series of interconnected patterns.
  • the stent included a first meander pattern and a second meander pattern with axes extending in orthogonal directions.
  • the first meander pattern is formed into even and odd patterns that are 180 out of phase with each other and each odd pattern is positioned between every two even patterns.
  • the second meander pattern is intertwined with the first meander pattern and the second meander pattern is also formed of even and odd patterns.
  • Each meander pattern also includes a pair of loops that open in opposite directions.
  • the stent disclosed in the Israel patent requires first and second interrelated meander patterns with odd and even portions and pairs of oppositely opening loops. These patterns are complex and they increase the cost and difficulty in manufacturing the stent, as opposed to the instant teachings, which can be created en masse with Lasers and the like means.
  • Conventional stents are typically delivered and implanted into a patient's body by using known medical devices such as intravascular, or endovascular, catheters.
  • conventional stents may be mounted on an expandable member such as a balloon located near the distal end of the Intravascular catheter.
  • the catheter and stent are then placed in the desired location in the patient's body and the balloon is inflated to expand the stent into the expanded position.
  • the balloon is then deflated and the catheter is removed from the patient's body while the expanded stent remains in the desired portion of the blood vessel.
  • Stents that are expanded by balloons do not always uniformly expand and the outer surfaces of the stent are not always cylindrical.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a flexible and expandable stent for insertion or implantation into a body lumen such as an artery or blood vessel.
  • the stent includes an elongated body that extends along a longitudinal axis.
  • the stent has a smaller diameter in a first nonexpanded position and a larger diameter in a second expanded position.
  • the first position has a diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the blood vessel to allow the stent to be moved within the vessel.
  • the second position has a diameter about the same or greater than the inside diameter of the vessel to hold the vessel in an original or expanded position.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a stent that has a high degree of flexibility along its longitudinal axis in the first nonexpanded position so that it can readily advance through lumens with curved and bent sections. This flexibility allows the stent to be easily located in the desired portion of the lumen.
  • the stent is also flexible along its longitudinal axis in the second expanded position so that the stent can be placed in arcuate portions of a lumen.
  • the stent has sufficient radial or circumferential strength in the second expanded position to hold the lumen in the enlarged position and the stent will not unintentionally deform or collapse.
  • a further aspect of the present invention is a stent that expands in a radial direction with minimal change in its overall longitudinal length.
  • the stent does not foreshorten or decrease in length when it changes from the nonexpanded position to the expanded position.
  • this makes the stent easier to use because the length is generally constant.
  • the stent may be configured to increase or decrease in length as it changes from the nonexpanded to expanded position.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is a stent that provides a generally uniform radially outwardly extending force on the inside wall of the lumen. This generally uniform force helps prevent tearing and other injuries to the lumen wall. Additionally, as the stent expands, it provides a generally constant force on the inside wall of the lumen to prevent the lumen from being distorted or damaged. Significantly, if the stent has a coating or covering, this generally uniform expansion helps prevent the coating or covering from cracking or breaking.
  • the stent is preferably constructed from Nitinol, a shape memory metal consisting of a nonmagnetic alloy of nickel and titanium.
  • the stent also preferably includes a coating or covering constructed of a biocompatible material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This covering can be embedded with materials such as medicine and the covering may be textured to help in placement and/or grafting of the stent.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a stent constructed from a tubular member that is cut or etched to have the desired configuration and dimensions.
  • the stent may be manufactured using a laser lathe and a series of mandrels with different diameters.
  • the stent may be manufactured using chemical etching or other known manufacturing processes.
  • the stent may be annealed and/or heat treated such that it has a desired characteristics.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention is a stent that readily changes from the first nonexpanded position to the second expanded position. The stent preferably changes from the nonexpanded position to the expanded position because of a change in temperature.
  • the stent can be inserted into the body in a the nonexpanded position and at a relatively low temperature.
  • the stent can then be heated by the body and that causes the stent to self-expand into the second expanded position.
  • the stent can also change from the first nonexpanded position to second expanded position by using conventional medci ⁇ al devices such as balloon catheters.
  • Yet a still further aspect of the present invention is an endovascular stent comprising a plurality of linked supporting members defining a tubular supporting means for maintaining patency of a body lumen, wherein at least one of one and two distinct geometries defines the non-fore-shortening means.
  • a preferred embodiment is a tissue supporting device including an elongated body with a generally tubular configuration that extends generally along a longitudinal axis.
  • the elongated body includes a first nonexpanded position with a first diameter and a second expanded position with a second diameter, the second diameter being larger than the first diameter.
  • the elongated body also includes at least one first section with one or more radially expandable elements and at least one second section with one or more flexible links.
  • the radially expandable elements have a generally rectangular configuration in the first nonexpanded position and the radially expandable elements are sized and configured to expand radially to change the diameter of the elongated body from the first diameter to the second diameter.
  • the elongated body preferably has generally the same longitudinal length in the first position and in the second position.
  • the radially expandable elements in the first position are generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the elongated body and the radially expandable elements in the second position have a generally diamond-shaped configuration.
  • the radially expandable elements may also include a first hinge pint, a second hinge point, a first end and a second end which are interconnected by connecting members.
  • the elongated body expands from a first nonexpanded position to a second expanded position when the body is hearted to a predetermined temperature, such as the temperature of the tissue to be supported.
  • the elongated body is constructed from a shape memory metal such as an alloy containing Nitinol. Further, a coating may cover at least a substantial portion of the elongated body.
  • an expandable stent that includes an elongated body extending generally along a longitudinal axis.
  • the elongated body includes a plurality of first sections including one or more radially expandable elements, each of the expandable elements includes four hinge points that are connected by four connecting members.
  • the elongated body also includes a plurality of flexible links that connect the plurality of first sections and the flexible links included one or more curved sections that are configured to straighten as the expandable stent expands from a first position to a second position.
  • the four connecting members are generally arranged in a parallel alignment in the first position and the four connecting members form a substantially diamond-shaped configuration in the second position.
  • the longitudinal length of the elongated body is preferably generally the same in the first position and the second position.
  • an expandable stent including a first nonexpanded position with a first diameter and a second expanded position with a second diameter.
  • the expandable stent also includes a plurality of radially expandable elements and each radially expandable element includes a first connecting member being generally aligned with the longitudinal axis in the first position; a second connecting member connecting to the first connecting member, the second connecting member being generally aligned with the longitudinal axis in the first position; a third connecting member connected to the second connecting member, the third connecting member being generally aligned with the longitudinal axis in the first position; and the fourth connecting member connecting to the third connecting member, the fourth connecting member being generally aligned with the longitudinal axis in the first position.
  • the expandable stent includes a plurality of flexible links interconnecting the; plurality of radially expandable elements, each of the flexible links including a first end, a second end and at least one curved section.
  • the first, second, third and fourth connecting members form a generally rectangular-shaped configuration in the first nonexpanded position and a generally diamond-shaped configuration in the second expanded position.
  • Still another preferred embodiment is an expandable stent including a generally tubular body with a first nonexpanded position and a second expanded position.
  • the expandable stent also includes a plurality of first sections, each of the first sections including one or more radially expandable elements, each of the radially expandable elements including a first end, a second end, a first hinge point positioned between the first end and the second, end, and a second hinge point positioned between the first end and the second end; and a plurality of second sections interconnecting the plurality of first sections, the second sections including one or more flexible links having a first end, a second end, and at least one curved section.
  • the flexible links are connected to the first or second hinge points of the radially expandable members.
  • a further embodiment is an expandable stent with a generally tubular configuration that extends generally along a longitudinal axis.
  • the stent includes a plurality of first sections and each first section includes a plurality of radially expandable elements having a first end, a second end, a first hinge point and a second hinge point.
  • the racially expandable elements also include a first connecting member connecting the first end and the first hinge point, a second connecting member connecting the first hinge point and the second end, a third connecting member connecting the second end and the second hinge point, and a forth connecting member connecting the second hinge point and the first end.
  • the stent also includes a plurality of second sections interconnecting the first sections to form the generally tubular body.
  • Each second section includes a; plurality of flexible links and each flexible link includes at least one curved section.
  • a still further embodiment is a stent for expanding a lumen in a body.
  • the stent includes one or more first portions with a plurality of radially expandable elements, each of the radially expandable elements having a plurality of connecting members that are connected at a plurality of hinge points and the radially expandable elements are sized and adapted to expand into a generally diamond-shaped configuration.
  • the stent also includes one or more second portions connected to each of the first portions.
  • Each of the second portions include a pair of flexible links with a first end with a first curved section, a second end with a second curved section and a center portion with a third curved portion.
  • the first curved section and the second curved portion are curved at an angle greater than 90 and the flexible links in each pair of flexible links are mirror images or each other.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a flexible, expandable stent in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of the stent shown in Figure 1 , illustrating the expandable stent in a flattened or generally planar configuration;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the stent shown in Figure 2, illustrating a radially expandable element sand the flexible links;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a portion of flexible, expandable stent in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the expandable stent in a flattened or generally planar configuration;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the stent shown in Figure 4, illustrating the radially expandable elements and the flexible links;
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of the stent shown in Figure 5, illustrating the stent in a radially expanded position
  • Figure 8 is an elevational view of a stent embodying features of the present invention mounted on a delivery catheter and disposed within an artery, illustrating a portion of the delivery catheter and disposed within an artery, illustrating a portion of the delivery catheter and a sheath covering the stent;
  • Figure 9 is an elevational view of a stent shown in Figure 8, illustration the stent in an expanded position within the artery, with the delivery catheter partially cut-away and the sheath withdrawn;
  • Figure 10 is an elevational view of the stent shown in Figure 9, illustrating the stent expanded within the artery and the delivery catheter withdrawn;
  • Figure 11 is an elevational view of a stent embodying features of the present invention mounted on an expandable element of a delivery catheter and disposed within an artery, illustrating a portion of the delivery catheter and a sheath covering the stent;
  • Figure 12 is an elevational view of a stent shown in Figure 1 1 , illuminating the stent in an expanded position within the artery, with the delivery catheter partially cut away and the sheath withdrawn;
  • Figure 13 is an elevational view of the stent shown in Figure 12, illustrating the stent expanded within; the artery and the delivery catheter withdrawn;
  • Figure 14 is a schematized view of an alternate embodiment of a stent according to the present invention
  • Figure 15 is a schematized view of an alternate embodiment of a stent according to the present invention
  • Figure 16 is a schematized view of an alternate embodiment of a stent according to the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematized view of an alternate embodiment of a stent according to the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematized view of an alternate embodiment of a stent according to the present invention.
  • the present invention involves and expandable stent.
  • the principles of the present invention are not limited to expandable stents. It will be understood that, in light of the present disclosure, the stents disclosed herein can be successfully used in connection with various types of tissue supporting devices and other tubular members.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an expandable stent 10 with an elongated tubular body 12 that extends along a longitudinal axis 14.
  • the longitudinal axis 14 is centrally located within the tubular body 12 and radially outwardly extending from the longitudinal axis is a radial axis 16.
  • the body 12 also includes a first end 18, a second end 20 and a central portion 22 located between the ends.
  • the body 12 preferable has a generally circular configuration with a generally constant diameter, but the body can also be tapered, conical, stepped, etc. depending upon the intended use of the stent 10.
  • the body 12 includes a series of first sections 24 that are generally radially aligned about the circumference of the stent 10 and spaced apart along the longitudinal length of the stent.
  • Each first section 24 includes one or more radially expandable elements 26 that are configured to expand radially to increase the diameter of the stent 10.
  • the radially expandable elements 26 shown in Figures 1 -5 are not radially expanded but, as described below, the radially expandable elements 26 shown in Figures 6 and 7 are radially expanded.
  • each radially expandable element 26 preferably consist of flexible cells 28 which, in the nonexpanded position, are generally aligned with the longitudinal axis 14 of the body 12.
  • each radially expandable element 26 has an elongated body with a first end 30 and a second end 32 that are generally longitudinally aligned with the longitudinal axis 14.
  • a first hinge point 34 and a second hinge point 36 are positioned between the first end 30 and the second end 32 of the stent 10.
  • the hinge points 34 and 36 are preferably centrally located proximate the midpoint between the ends 30 and 32, respectively, but the hinge points may be positioned in any desired location between the ends.
  • a first connecting member 38 connects the first end 30 with the first hinge point 34
  • a second connecting member 40 connects the first hinge point 34 with the second end 32
  • a third connecting member 42 connects the second end 32 with the second hinge point 36
  • a fourth connecting member 44 connects the second hinge point 36 with the first end 30.
  • the connecting members 38-44 preferably have approximately the same length such that the radially expandable elements 26 have an elongated, generally rectangular configuration in the nonexpanded position.
  • An opening 46 is located between the connecting members 38, 40, 42 and
  • the opening 46 is elongated and generally aligned with the longitudinal axis 14.
  • the opening 46 includes an enlarged first end 48 proximate the first end 30 and an enlarged second end 50 positioned proximate the second end 32.
  • the opening 46 also includes an enlarged central portion 52 located near the first and second hinge points 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the openings 46-52 preferably have generally curved surfaces to reduce stress concentrations, but the openings may have any desired shape to promote expansion of the radially expandable element 26.
  • the opening 46 with the enlarged ends 48, 50 and enlarged central portion 52 facilitates radial expansion of the radially expandable elements 26.
  • each radially expandable element 26 preferably consist of flexible cells 28 which, in the nonexpanded position, are generally aligned with the longitudinal axis 14 of the body 12.
  • each radially expandable element 26 has an elongated body with a first end 30 and a second end 32 that are generally longitudinally aligned with the longitudinal axis 14.
  • a first hinge point 34 and a second hinge point 36 are positioned between the first end 30 and the second end 32 of the stent 10.
  • the hinge points 34 and 36 are preferably centrally located proximate the midpoint between the ends 30 and 32, respectively, but the hinge points may be positioned in any desired location between the ends.
  • a first connecting member 38 connects the first end 30 with the first hinge point 34
  • a second connecting member 40 connects the first hinge point 34 with the second end 32
  • a third connecting member 42 connects the second end 32 with the second hinge point 36
  • a fourth connecting member 44 connects the second hinge point 36 with the first end 30.
  • the connecting members 38-44 preferably have approximately the same length such that the radially expandable elements 26 have an elongated, generally rectangular configuration in the nonexpanded position.
  • An opening 46 is located between the connecting members 38, 40, 42 and 44. As shown in Figures 1-3, in the nonexpanded position, the opening 46 is elongated and generally aligned with the longitudinal axis 14.
  • the opening 46 includes an enlarged first end 48 proximate the first end 30 and an enlarged second end 50 positioned proximate the second end 32.
  • the opening 46 also includes an enlarged central portion 52 located near the first and second hinge points 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the openings 46-52 preferably have generally curved surfaces to reduce stress concentrations, but the openings may have any desired shape to promote expansion of the radially expandable element 26.
  • each first section 24 includes a first radially expandable element 54a, a second radially expandable element 54b, a third radially expandable element 54c and a fourth radially expandable elements.
  • the four radially expandable elements 54a- 54d are pivotally connected to form the first section 24.
  • the second end 32 of the first radially expandable element 54a is preferably pivotally connected to the first end 30 of the second radially expandable element 54b, and the second end 32 of the third radially expandable element 54c is pivotally connected to the first end 30 of the fourth radially expandable element 54d.
  • the second hinge point 36 of the first radially expandable element 54a is pivotally connected to the first hinge point 34 of the third radially expandable element 54c
  • the second hinge point 36 of the second radially expandable element 54b is pivotally connected to the first hinge point 34 of the fourth radially expandable element 54d.
  • the four radially expandable elements 54a-54d are interconnected to form the first section 24.
  • the first section 24 includes six elongated radially expandable elements 56a-56f which are pivotally connected.
  • the first section 24 may include any suitable number of radially expandable elements 26 depending, for example, about the size of intended use of the stent 10. Further, it will be appreciated that the first section 24 may include only a single radially expandable element 26 and each first section does not require the same number of radially expandable elements.
  • the first sections 24 are generally radially aligned about the circumference of the body 12.
  • the first sections 24 are radially space apart a generally equal distance about the circumference of the body 12 and the first sections are generally longitudinally aligned along the length of the body.
  • the first sections 24 are offset or staggered along the longitudinal length of the stent 10 to increase the radial strength of the stent 10. More preferably, the first sections 24 are alternated or spaced about 180 out of phase relative to the longitudinal axis 14 so that longitudinally adjacent first sections are not longitudinally aligned, but every other first section is longitudinally aligned.
  • first sections 24 may vary, however, according to the number of radially expandable elements 26 in each first section 24, the diameter of the stent 10, the desired circumferential or hoop strength of the stent, and the like parameters.
  • the radially expandable elements 26 shown in Figures 1-5 are illustrated in a first nonexpanded position with the first connecting member 38, second connecting member 40, third connecting member 42 and fourth connecting member 44 in generally aligned and parallel positions.
  • the radially expandable elements 26 are radially expanded to increase the diameter of the body 12 and the radially expanded elements form a generally diamond-shaped pattern.
  • first, second, third and fourth connecting members 38-44 bend or pivot about the first and second ends 30, 32 and first and second hinge points 34, 36 respectively. This causes the distance between the first hinge point 34 and the second hinge point 36 to increase and the distance between the first end 30 and the second end 32 to decrease.
  • the diamond-shaped pattern of the radially expandable elements 26 advantageously maximizes the radial expansion of the stent 10 and provides a large expansion ratio.
  • the expansion ratio is the ratio of the radially expanded second position to the nonexpanded first position.
  • the diamond-shaped pattern provides relatively large hoop or radial strength to the body 12 and this helps prevent the stent 10 from collapsing or deforming.
  • the diamond configuration provides a strong and relatively rigid stent 10 that is generally crush resistant in the expanded position. While the radially expandable elements 26 preferably form the diamond-shaped pattern, it will be appreciated that the expandable elements can have any desired shapes such as rectangular, square, triangular, or other suitable polygon shapes.
  • the configuration and arrangement of the radially expandable elements 26 may be changed or modified to alter the amount of force required to expand the radially expandable elements from the first nonexpanded position to the second expanded position.
  • this allows the amount of force required to expand the body 12 of the stent 10 from the first position to the second position to be adjusted.
  • the size of the first and second enlarged openings 48, 50 proximate the ends 30, 32 of the radially expandable elements 26 may be increased or decreased.
  • the size of the elongated opening 46 and/or the thickness of the connecting members 38-44 may also be increased or decreased.
  • the radially expandable elements 26 may be positioned at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis 14 and the length of the connecting members 38-44 may be increased or decreased.
  • the body 12 of the stent 10 also includes second sections 60 which interconnect the first sections 24.
  • the second sections 60 include a series of interconnecting members of flexible links 62 that are disposed between the first sections 24.
  • the flexible links 62 have a first end 64, a second end 66 and one or more arcuate, bent or curved sections 68.
  • the flexible link 62 includes a first curved section 70 that is bent at an angle greater than 90 and positioned proximate the first end 64 of the link; a second curved section 72 that is positioned between the first and second ends 64, 66 and has a generally S-shaped configuration; and a third curved section 74 that is bent at an angle greater than 90 and positioned proximate the second end 66 of the link.
  • the flexible links 62 are configured to straighten as the radially expandable elements 26 radially expand and decrease in longitudinal length as the body 12 expands from the first position to the second position.
  • the flexible links 62 expand such that the overall longitudinal length of the stent 10 is approximately the same in the first position and the second position.
  • the flexible links 62 and radially expandable members 26 may be configured such that the overall length of the stent 10 decreases or increases as the stent changes from the first nonexpanded position to the second expanded position.
  • the time and rate at which the flexible links 62 straighten may be controlled, for example, by the thickness, mass, amount of curvature, number of curved sections 68, and related parameters.
  • the flexible links 62 of the second section 60 are joined or coupled to the radially expandable members 26 of the first section 24.
  • a first pair of flexible links 62a and 62c are attached to radially expandable elements 54a and 54c of a group of radially expandable elements 26 and a second pair of flexible links 62b and 62d are attached to radially expandable elements 54b and 54d.
  • the flexible links 62a, 62c and 62b, 62d are mirror images of each other and the flexible links are attached to the first and second hinge points 34, 36 respectively of the radially expandable elements 26.
  • the flexible link 62a is connected to the first hinge point 34 of the radially expandable element 54a
  • the flexible link 62b is connected to the first hinge point 34 of the radially expandable element 54b
  • the flexible link 62c is connected to the second hinge point 36 of the radially expandable element 54c
  • the flexible link 62d is connected to the second hinge point 36 of the radially expandable element 54d.
  • the flexible links 62 may also be connected to other portions of the radially expandable elements 26, such as the first and second ends 30 and 32, but that results in it being more difficult to maintain a generally constant overall length of the stent 10.
  • the flexible links 62 interconnecting the first sections 24 provide increased longitudinal flexibility to the body 12 and that allows the stent 10 to be easily inserted through curved, often tortuous, pathways of a lumen. It will be appreciated that generally the greater the longitudinal flexibility of the stent 10, the easier and more safely it can be delivered to the implantation site.
  • the flexible links 62 also allow the stent 10 to be expanded into the second position in a curved portion of the lumen and the expanded stent can support the lumen in the curved position.
  • the flexible links 62 allow the lumen to be supported with a generally uniform radially outwardly extending force and this minimizes alteration of the natural physiology of the lumen and stress on the lumen.
  • the stent 10 expands in a generally uniform manner and it exerts a generally uniform force on the lumen, which minimizes the stress and strain on the lumen.
  • the body 12 of the stent 10 in the first nonexpanded position has a diameter in the range of about 0.04 inches (1.0 mm) to about 0.14 inches (3.5 mm) and the stent has a diameter in the range of about 0.14 inches (3.5 mm) to about 0.50 inches (12.5 mm) in the expended position.
  • the stent 10 may have any desired size, but the stent preferably has a smaller diameter in the first nonexpanded position than the inside diameter of the lumen to allow the stent to be moved within the lumen and, in the second expanded position, the stent preferably has a diameter generally the same or slightly larger than the inside diameter of the lumen.
  • the stent 10 is preferably carefully sized to not tear or damage the lumen when expanding or while maintaining the lumen in the open position.
  • the stent 10, however, may have different sizes depending upon the particular lumen to be supported and the stent may be configured to apply different amounts of pressure or force on the inside wall of the lumen.
  • the body 12 of the stent 10 is constructed of a biocompatible material such as metal.
  • the body 12 may be constructed of stainless steel, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, titanium, platinum, iridium or other desired type of metal.
  • the body 12 can also be constructed of various alloys with suitable characteristics and these alloys may be doped with small amounts of other elements for various property modifications as known to one skilled in the art.
  • the body 12 could be constructed of various synthetic materials such as thermoplastic polymers or other types of plastics.
  • the body 12 is constructed of a shape memory metal that, after being deformed, returns to its original shape upon being reheated to a predetermined temperature. More preferably, the body 12 is constructed of nitinol, a shape memory metal consisting of a nonmagnetic alloy of nickel and titanium.
  • the shape memory metal allows the stent 10 to be constructed in its second expanded position and then compressed or deformed into the first nonexpanded position.
  • the stent 10 self-expands from the first nonexpanded position to the second expanded position simply by heating the shape memory metal to a predetermined temperature.
  • the predetermined temperature is approximately body temperature such that the stent 10 self-expands within the patient's body when body temperature is reached.
  • the outer portion of body 12 of the stent 10 includes a coating 80 consisting of a biocompatible material.
  • the coating 80 is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) because it is insoluble in all know solvents, the coefficient of friction is extremely low and it has generally constant mechanical properties, but other suitable materials may be used.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the coating 80 helps protect the stent 10 from damage and it aids in grafting the stent 10 to the lumen.
  • the coating 80 can also be embedded with other substances such as medicine and textured to help in placement of the stent.
  • ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
  • expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is known by those skilled in the art to be coextensive with the above described coating as described in U.S. Letters Patents No.'s 5,976,192; 5,928,279; 5,843,173; 5,641,373; and 5,071 ,609 each of which is owned by the present assignee and expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • the first and second distal ends 18, 20 of the stent 10 include a radially aligned series of radially expandable elements 82 and 84, respectively.
  • the radially expandable elements 82 and 84 are positioned about the circumference of the stent 10 and have a structure and arrangement similar to the radially expandable elements 26 discussed above.
  • the radially expandable elements 82 used to expand the tubular body 12 from the nonexpanded first position to the expanded second position.
  • Laser etching of the tubular body 12 may be performed, for example, by the Inter-Therapeutics Co. of Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • the stent 10 may also be manufactured by chemical etching wherein the tubular body 12 is coated with a material resistant to chemical etching. The tubular body 12 is then etched to remove the desired material to obtain the desired structure.
  • the etching process develops smooth openings in the tubing wall without burrs or other artifacts that are characteristic of conventional mechanical or laser machining processes.
  • the stent 10 can be manufactured by other known methods.
  • the stent 10 is preferably manufactured according to known techniques so that the shape memory metal reacts is a predetermined manner when the stent is reheated to a predetermined temperature. Specifically, the stent 10 is preferably manufactured such that it reacts in a predetermined manner when the metal is heated to approximately body temperature of about 96 F (35 C). The stent 10 may also be treated using known methods during the manufacturing process, such as heat treating, annealing, polishing, etching, cleaning, and the like. Additionally, the coating 80 is preferably applied to the outer portion of the tubular body 12.
  • the tubular body 12 is dipped into liquid PTFE at a temperature of about 575 F (300 C) and then the tubular body is then cooled to about 0 C (-32 F) to soften or mollify the PTFE coating.
  • the PTFE coating is durable and long lasting, as discussed in the instant assignees related U.S. Letters Patents, which have been expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • the stent 10 is compressed or deformed into the first position.
  • the stent 10 may be deformed by attaching it to a fixture and reducing it in steps until the first nonexpanded position is reached.
  • the shape memory metal is cooled below a predetermined temperature and then the body 12 is deformed into the first nonexpanded position.
  • the tubular body 12 is then kept below that predetermined temperature so that it will not self- expand to the expanded second position.
  • the predetermined temperature is about body temperature 96 F (35 C) so that the stent 10 self-expands when heated to body temperature.
  • various known methods may be used to construct the stent 10 and the stent may be formed in either the nonexpanded or extended positions.
  • the stent is attached proximate the distal end of a catheter system 90 in the first nonexpanded position and the stent is at a temperature below body temperature, such as about -32 F (0 C).
  • a sheath 92 is attached to the catheter system 90 and it is used to protect and insulate the stent 10 from heat.
  • the stent 10 is then placed into the desired position inside the body, such as a blood vessel 94, and the sheath 92 is removed as shown in Figure 9.
  • the heat from the body warms the stent 10 and that causes the shape memory metal to self-expand into the second expanded position shown in Figure 10.
  • the stent 10 is desirably configured to permanently stay in that expanded position while securely engaging the inside wall of the blood vessel 94.
  • the stent 10 does not include any inwardly extending projections that interfere with the flow of fluids through the vessel 94.
  • the stent 10, which is pressed into the wall of the vessel 94, will eventually be covered with endothelial or other natural material and that minimizes interference with the blood flowing through the vessel.
  • the stent 10 is deliverable to the desired location by mounting it on an expandable member 100 of a delivery catheter system 102.
  • the stent 10 is positioned over the expandable member 100, such as a balloon, of the catheter delivery system 102.
  • the stent 10 is mounted to the catheter delivery system 102 in its nonexpanded state and it is inserted into the body lumen of the patient.
  • the stent 10 may be attached to the expandable member by a variety of known ways such as compressing the stent onto the balloon, providing ridges or protrusions of the balloon to prevent longitudinal movement of the stent, using bio-compatible adhesives, etc.
  • the balloon 100 is inflated to expand the stent 10 into the expanded second position and the stent engages the inner surface of the blood vessel 94.
  • the stent 10 is positioned about the inflatable balloon 100 located near the distal end 104 of the delivery catheter system 102.
  • the balloon 100 is slightly inflated to secure the stent 10 to the exterior surface of the balloon.
  • the catheter system 102 and stent 10 is then introduced into the patient's vascular system by any known technique.
  • a guidewire 106 is disposed across the damaged arterial section and the catheter system 102 and stent 10 is advanced over the guidewire until it is positioned in the desired location.
  • the balloon 100 is then expanded and this causes the stent 10 to expand against the artery wall 94.
  • the engagement of the stent 10 with the artery wall 94 may be sufficient to hold the stent in the desired position.
  • the stent 10, however, may also include one or more outwardly extending members (not shown) to securely engage the artery wall 94.
  • the first section 24 and second section 60 are preferably configured such that as the tubular body 12 expands, a generally uniform radially outward force is applied against the inner wall of the lumen.
  • the stent 10 preferably expands in a generally circular configuration to maintain a generally uniform force on the inner wall of the lumen.
  • the substantially uniform radially outwardly directed force minimizes stresses and deformation of the lumen. It will be understood, however, that the stent 10 may be constructed to expend asymmetrically or in any desired configuration. Further, generally the same outwardly directed radial force is applied along the entire longitudinal length of the stent 10. It will be appreciated, however, that various amounts of force may be applied to different sections of the lumen.
  • Fig. 14 through Fig. 18 likewise comprise a series of substantially non-foreshortening embodiments of the instant teachings which have been made in prototype fo ⁇ n and coated with PTFE/ePTFE.
  • PTFE/ePTFE a series of substantially non-foreshortening embodiments of the instant teachings which have been made in prototype fo ⁇ n and coated with PTFE/ePTFE.

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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne plusieurs modes de réalisation associés, consistant chacun en un stent extensible souple pouvant être inséré ou implanté dans une lumière d'un corps telle qu'une artère ou un vaisseau sanguin. Le stent décrit dans la présente invention comprend un diamètre plus petit dans une première position non dilatée afin de permettre le déplacement dudit stent à l'intérieur du vaisseau, et un diamètre plus grand dans une position dilatée d'une section afin de maintenir le vaisseau dans sa position initiale ou dilatée. Le stent comprend également un corps allongé pourvu d'une multitude d'éléments radialement extensibles reliés, par exemple, par plusieurs liaisons souples. Dans un mode de réalisation, seuls les éléments radialement extensibles présentent une configuration généralement rectangulaire dans une première position non dilatée, et une configuration généralement en losange dans une seconde position dilatée. Les liaisons souples présentent trois sections incurvées dimensionnées et conçues pour s'aligner de sorte que la longueur du corps allongé soit généralement la même dans la première position et dans la seconde position. L'invention concerne également un procédé d'administration et des modes de réalisation différents consistant en une intervention endovasculaire avantageuse dans une lumière de corps affectée pour des systèmes pour lesquels un tel traitement est indiqué ou encore permet d'améliorer la survie tissulaire ou d'empêcher les lésions ou la morbidité des tissus.
PCT/US2000/033250 1999-12-07 2000-12-07 Nouveaux stents extensibles souples ameliores WO2001041675A1 (fr)

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AU24282/01A AU2428201A (en) 1999-12-07 2000-12-07 Novel enhanced flexible expandable stents

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US45674499A 1999-12-07 1999-12-07
US09/456,744 1999-12-07

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Cited By (10)

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WO2002060521A1 (fr) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-08 Kaneka Corporation Endoprothese
EP1236445A3 (fr) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-27 Cordis Corporation Stent flexibe
EP1304092A1 (fr) * 2001-10-22 2003-04-23 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Stent et son procede de production
US6790227B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2004-09-14 Cordis Corporation Flexible stent
US7381217B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-03 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Serpentine stent pattern
US7404823B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2008-07-29 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Stent configurations
US8992595B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-31 Trivascular, Inc. Durable stent graft with tapered struts and stable delivery methods and devices
US9498363B2 (en) 2012-04-06 2016-11-22 Trivascular, Inc. Delivery catheter for endovascular device
US9867727B2 (en) 1998-02-09 2018-01-16 Trivascular, Inc. Endovascular graft
US10159557B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2018-12-25 Trivascular, Inc. Modular vascular graft for low profile percutaneous delivery

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US5919225A (en) 1994-09-08 1999-07-06 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Procedures for introducing stents and stent-grafts
US5954744A (en) 1995-06-06 1999-09-21 Quanam Medical Corporation Intravascular stent
US5935135A (en) 1995-09-29 1999-08-10 United States Surgical Corporation Balloon delivery system for deploying stents
US5935506A (en) 1995-10-24 1999-08-10 Biotronik Meβ- und Therapiegerate GmbH & Co. Ingenieurburo Berlin Method for the manufacture of intraluminal stents of bioresorbable polymeric material
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10548750B2 (en) 1998-02-09 2020-02-04 Trivascular, Inc. Endovascular graft
US9867727B2 (en) 1998-02-09 2018-01-16 Trivascular, Inc. Endovascular graft
WO2002060521A1 (fr) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-08 Kaneka Corporation Endoprothese
US6790227B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2004-09-14 Cordis Corporation Flexible stent
EP1236445A3 (fr) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-27 Cordis Corporation Stent flexibe
US7540930B2 (en) 2001-10-22 2009-06-02 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Stent to be implanted in human body and method of producing stent
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US7404823B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2008-07-29 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Stent configurations
US8016876B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2011-09-13 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Stent configurations
US8728146B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2014-05-20 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Stent configurations
US7381217B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2008-06-03 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Serpentine stent pattern
US10159557B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2018-12-25 Trivascular, Inc. Modular vascular graft for low profile percutaneous delivery
US10682222B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2020-06-16 Trivascular, Inc. Modular vascular graft for low profile percutaneous delivery
US8992595B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-03-31 Trivascular, Inc. Durable stent graft with tapered struts and stable delivery methods and devices
US9498363B2 (en) 2012-04-06 2016-11-22 Trivascular, Inc. Delivery catheter for endovascular device

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