WO2001035033A1

WO2001035033A1 - Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy, and equipment implementing this method

Info

Publication number: WO2001035033A1
Application number: PCT/CZ2000/000080
Authority: WO
Inventors: Petr SMÍSEK; Igor Yakshtes; Mykola Tarasenko
Original assignee: Smisek Petr; Igor Yakshtes; Mykola Tarasenko
Priority date: 1999-11-10
Filing date: 2000-11-01
Publication date: 2001-05-17
Also published as: CZ289999B6; CZ9903993A3; AU1017301A

Abstract

The method of generation of cooling and thermal energy is based on the process at which at least two elastic elements (3) are bent to the limit of elasticity of their materials, then they are connected in such a way that they make contacts between their convex surfaces (7) and the concave surfaces (8) of the adjacent elements (3), then these elastic elements (3) disconnect and straighten to their initial position, while the equipment for the generation of cooling and thermal energy is arranged in such a manner that at least two elastic elements (3) are placed in a single plane above each other, on at least one rotary pulley (2) situated on at least one axis (1) with a mutual longitudinal opposite orientation of the adjacent elastic elements (3), and during this process the operation of the tensioning elements (4) creates clearances (9) between the elastic elements (3).

Description

Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy, and equipment implementing this method

Field of technology

The invention concerns a method of generation of cooling and thermal energy, and equipment implementing this method. The method of generation of cooling and thermal energy, and consequently also the equipment, can be used for cooling or heating operations in various cooling and heating systems, of both household and industrial use, as well as in air- conditioning devices of both cooling and heating types - designed for maintaining the air temperature at a pre-set level, and in other analogous systems.

Current state of the art

There are known various methods of dividing of thermal energy into a cold component and hot component, in comparison with the ambient temperature.

The thermoelectric method is based on the principle of the direct current passage through a thermoelectric battery consisting of two serially connected thermocouples, made of two different materials, one of them is cooling while the other is heating.

The main disadvantage of this method of generating of cooling and thermal energy is a high consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power. An advantage is the absence of environmentally harmful substances in the equipment as well as during its operation and the absence of movable parts - low noisiness, reliability.

Besides the above, also the absorption method is known. The absorption method is based on absorption, i.e. on the absorbing by a liquid or solid absorber, of vapours of a cooling medium which arise by evaporating in an evaporator. As a cooling medium usually ammonia (NH ) is used, whose vapour is absorbed by water, whereby an ammonia solution in water arises. Cooling energy arises by the boiling of the cooling medium in the evaporator.

A disadvantage of this method is the presence of a toxic substance under pressure and a high consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power.

An advantage is the absence of movable parts - low noisiness, reliability. At present the most frequent one of the known methods of generating of cooling energy is the method of generating of cooling energy in a compressor-type manner, which is based on adiabatic expansion and compression of a cooling medium. The cooling energy arises by evaporation of the cooling medium in the evaporator, while thermal energy is generated by condensation of a gaseous medium in the condenser. An engine-driven compressor serves for the generation of the necessary pressure and for transportation of the cooling medium. Freons of various types are used as a cooling medium in this method.

The main disadvantage of this method of generation of cooling and thermal energy is the presence of environmentally harmful and expensive cooling medium under pressure, i.e. Freon, and a rather high consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power.

An advantage of this method of generation of cooling energy is the fact that this method is the less demanding solution, among the existing ones, as far as the consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power is concerned.

There are known also various thermoelectric systems consisting of two serially connected thermocouples made of two various materials, one of which is cooling while the other one is heating.

A disadvantage of such equipment is a high consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power.

An advantage is the absence of environmentally harmful substances in the equipment as well as during its operation and the absence of movable parts - low noisiness, reliability.

Besides the above, also various absorption systems are known. The principle of such absorption systems is based on absorption (the absorbing) by a liquid or solid absorber of vapours of a cooling medium, which arise by evaporating in an evaporator. As a cooling medium in the absorption systems ammonia is used, whose vapours are absorbed by water, whereby an ammonia solution in water arises. Cooling energy is generated by the boiling of the cooling medium in the evaporator.

A disadvantage of this method is the presence of a toxic gas under pressure and a high consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power.

An advantage is the absence of movable parts - low noisiness, reliability.

The technical design which is the most analogous to the invention in terms of resulting effects (generation of cooling or thermal energy) is the equipment of a compressor type, based on adiabatic expansion and compression of the cooling medium. It consists of a compressor, evaporator, condenser, pipe system, dehumidifier ,and cooling medium filter. Freons of various types are used as a cooling medium.

A deficiency of this equipment is the presence of environmentally harmful and expensive cooling medium under pressure - Freon, and a rather high consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power. The side effects of a complex construction of the compressor engine are noisiness, vibration, high frequency of failures, difficult repairs - necessity of soldering, hermetically closed jacket of the compressor with Freon.

An advantage is the fact that this design is the less demanding solution, among the existing ones, as far as the consumption of electric energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power is concerned. This design for the generation of cooling energy is currently the most frequently used all over the world.

Principle of the invention

The weaknesses referred to above are to a significant extent removed by the method of generation of cooling and thermal energy according to this invention, whose principle is based on the fact that at least two elastic elements are bent to the limit of elasticity of their materials, then they are connected in such a way that they make contacts between their convex surfaces and the concave surfaces of the adjacent elements, then these elastic elements disconnect and straighten to their initial position.

The principle of the equipment designed for generation of cooling and thermal energy is based on the process at which at least two elastic elements placed in a single plane above each other, on at least one rotary pulley situated on at least one axis with a mutual longitudinal opposite orientation of the adjacent elastic elements, and during this process the operation of the tensioning elements creates clearances between the elastic elements. The main advantage of this method of generation of cooling or thermal energy, and consequently also of the equipment implementing this method, according to this technical design, results from the elimination of negative impacts on the environment by its avoiding the use of substances harmful to human health, to the environment or to the atmosphere, while being accompanied by a reduction in the consumption of energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power. The task is solved by way of bending various elastic elements, however not more than to the limit of elasticity of their materials, then they are connected in such a way that they make contacts between their convex surfaces and the concave surfaces of the adjacent elastic elements, then these elastic elements are disconnected and straightened to their initial position. During this process those surfaces which were concave at the time of bending get cooled while the opposite surfaces, i.e. the convex ones, get warmed.

The above described cycle of bending and straightening can be carried out repeatedly, and during the repeated process the elastic elements are, after each disconnection and subsequent alignment, arranged in such a way that in a group, after each cycle of bending and straightening, the even and odd elastic elements will be reoriented on an alternating basis by 180° along the axis which is perpendicular to the axis of the bending and straightening process.

The feature characterising special manners of the implementation of this method is the reorientation by 180° along the axis which is perpendicular to the axis of bending and straightening of the elastic elements in a different sequence.

The presence of the bending operation of the elastic elements, however not more than to the limit of elasticity of the material, makes it possible to obtain two thermal potentials - the positive one and the negative one on the opposite sides of the elastic elements.

This process takes place due to the well-known effect of the change in the internal energy of elastic bodies during their elastic deformation, from which it results that during the expansion of a body within the limits of its elasticity its internal energy decreases, and on the other hand during its compression it increases. In our case, during the bending of an elastic element its layers situated near the bending centre compress and at the same time get warmer, while the layers situated on the opposite side (more distant from the bending centre) are expanded and at the same time get colder.

The subsequent connection of the convex and concave surfaces of the adjacent elastic elements makes it possible to balance, by way of heat transmission between the connected surfaces, the positive and negative thermal potentials arising therein.

The subsequent disconnection of the elastic elements and their return to their initial position (straightening) leads to the repeated arising of positive and negative thermal potentials on the opposite sides of the elastic elements, due to the compression and expansion of the appropriate layers.

The sequence of processes (when during the multiple bending and straightening of a group of the elastic elements, after each bending and connection of the adjacent elastic 5 elements, subsequent disconnection and straightening, there is a rearrangement carried out in such a way that within a group of the elastic elements each bending and straightening cycle is accompanied by an alternating reorientation of the even and odd elastic elements by 180°, along the axis which is perpendicular to the axis of the bending and straightening process) leads to the gradual adding of positive and negative thermal potentials on the corresponding sides of the elastic elements, which depends on the number of bending and straightening cycles. This means that the positive thermal potential increases on the one side of the group of the elastic elements, while the negative thermal potential increases on the other side.

The absolute values of the above mentioned thermal potentials depend, besides the number of the bending and straightening cycles, also on physical properties of the elastic elements, i.e. on the limit and modulus of elasticity, heat-storage capacity, thermal conductivity, etc., as well as on the number of these elastic elements in the group. At the same time the total thermal potential of the entire group of the elastic elements, after an arbitrary number of the group bending and straightening cycles, equals to zero.

Besides the above, the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the entire group of the elastic elements remains constant, at an arbitrary number of the bending and straightening cycles of the group of elastic elements, after the putting of this group into its initial position.

During this process also the internal energy of the elastic elements does not change, because the bending and straightening operations are carried out in a quasi-stationary mode, when the deformation is carried out so slowly that at an arbitrary moment every part of the elastic element is situated in a virtually equilibrium state, i.e. the external forces are balanced with the elasticity forces. In such a mode the elasticity energy equals to the work performed by the force exerted for the deformation of the body.

Independently on the number of the cycles of bending and straightening of a group of the elastic elements, the overall temperature, as well as the overall kinetic and potential energy, of the group of the elastic elements will not change, from which it follows that in order to implement the above described method of generation of cooling and thermal energy it is not necessary to consume any excessive amount of energy (in accordance with the energy conservation law), which ensures an exceptional economy of this method.

At the same time it is ensured that any environmentally harmful products in the equipment as well as during its operation are avoided, i.e. there is no use of the substances harmful to human health, to the environment or to the earth atmosphere.

In order to ensure the correct functionality of the method of generation of cooling and thermal energy it is convenient to associate the elastic elements in groups and to carry out bending and straightening of the elastic elements on a repeated basis, while the elastic elements within the group are rearranged in such a way that after each cycle of the bending and straightening operations the even and odd elastic elements rotate on an alternating basis along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the bending and straightening process in such a way that their orientation changes by 180°, and it is also convenient that the elastic elements within a group rotate, after each cycle of bending and straightening, in a various sequence, and that the order of individual elastic elements in the group changes in a different sequence.

In order to ensure the correct functionality of the equipment it is convenient if the elastic elements are belts made of external elastic layers and of an internal insulation layer or if they are of a homogenous composition, if the bending stiffness of the elastic elements increases from the internal elastic elements towards the external ones, if the elastic elements are implemented in a form of infinite belts and/or Mδbius strips.

The positioning of the elastic elements, in a single plane above each other, while being tensioned at the same time, ensures a close contact between the elastic elements, which results in the improvement of the conditions for thermal exchange between them, which helps to reduce the consumption of energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power by the equipment in question.

The ensuring of a clearance between the elastic elements makes it possible to divide thermal potentials arising on the external layers of the elastic elements during their bending and straightening, and it also makes it possible to carry out longitudinal reorientation of the elastic elements.

The longitudinal reorientation of the elastic elements by 180° allows to sum the positive and negative thermal potentials, arising on the external layers of the elastic elements during their bending and straightening, while the negative thermal potential is growing on a gradual basis from the central elastic element towards the external elastic elements and the positive thermal potential is growing on a gradual basis from the central elastic element towards the internal elastic elements.

The design of the elastic elements with external elastic layers and a central heat- insulation layer makes it possible to reduce the bending stiffness of these elastic elements in comparison with the homogenous elastic elements made of a single material. Thanks to the lower bending stiffness of the heat-insulation layer, while the value of the thermal potentials on the surfaces of the elastic elements is kept while they are being bent, it is possible to reduce the force necessary for the tensioning of the elastic elements, whereby the friction forces on the pulley axes and on the tensioning elements are reduced as well. The heat- insulation layer between these elastic layers decelerates the undesirable thermal exchange between the elastic layers of the same elastic element, which arises at different thermal potentials on the two sides of the elastic element, and thereby reduces the consumption of energy necessary for the production of a unit of cooling or heating power.

The above listed essential characteristics characterise the patent application equipment, which does not contain any environmentally harmful substances, substances harmful to human health or to the earth atmosphere, and the operation of which does not mean any negative impact on the environment.

In the patent application equipment all the energy, which is necessary for the bending and straightening of the elastic elements by pulleys is transformed to thermal energy (with a positive potential at the elastic elements close to the pulleys, and a negative potential at the external elastic elements). The loss of energy related to the operation of the patent application equipment is limited to the loss by friction during the rotation of the pulleys and on the tensioning elements, and to the loss caused by the frictional resistance of the environment in which the equipment operates (e.g. air).

Thus the patent application equipment is markedly more economical, due to its low energy loss related to the production of a unit of cooling or heating power, than the other known equipment.

The design of the tensioning of the elastic elements with the help of the tensioning sliding elements makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the concerned equipment designed for generation of cooling energy and thermal energy and to simplify the construction of the equipment. The growth of the bending stiffness of the elastic elements gradually from the internal elastic elements towards the external ones makes it possible, regardless of the increasing bending radius of the elastic elements in question, to keep the same value of the energy of elasticity and thus also the value of negative and positive potentials arising on the two sides of the elastic elements during they bending and straightening.

Overview of figures in the drawings

The technical design will be explained in more details with the help of the drawing, in which Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 illustrate the sequence of steps during the implementation of the invented method of generation of cooling end thermal energy, while the relational marks 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 express the ordinal numbers of the elastic elements in the group. Figure 10 illustrates the equipment of generation of cooling and thermal energy with two pulleys in a view from the side, Figure 1 1 illustrates a cross-section A-A through the elastic elements, Figure 12 illustrates the equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy with three pulleys in a view from the side, and Figure 13 illustrates the equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy with a single pulley in a view from the side.

Examples of the implementation of the invention

Figure 1 illustrates a group K) consisting of five elastic elements 3 in their initial position. The left side of each elastic element 3 is hatched, for the purpose of easier explanation of the subsequent handling thereof.

The elastic elements 3 are being bent, however not more than to the limit of elasticity of their materials. During this process the layers of the material of the elastic elements 3, situated on the concave surface 8, are compressed and at the same time are getting warmed, while the layers situated on the convex surface 7 are expanded and at the same time are getting cooled. Central layers of each elastic element 3 are subject to neither compression, nor expanding, and that is why they maintain their original temperature. Let us mark thermal potential of the compressed layers as +1 and thermal potential of the expanded layers as -1.

During this process the elastic elements 3 are connected, through their concave surfaces 8 and convex surfaces 7 towards each other, which can be seen in Figure 3. As a result of this connection, there is a thermal exchange which takes place between the cooled and warmed connected layers of the neighbouring elastic elements 3 whose temperature is equalised and acquires its original value.

Then the elastic elements 3 are being disconnected - Fig. 2 and straightened - Fig. 1. As a result of this straightening process the concave surfaces 8 of the elastic elements 3 expand and thus get colder and acquire a thermal potential -1, while the convex surfaces 7 are compressed and thus get warmer and acquire a thermal potential +1. The thermal potentials of the elastic elements 3 thus acquire the following values: at 3.1 the hatched side: t=0; the blank side: t=-l; at 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 the hatched side: t=+l; the blank side: t=-l ; at 3.5 the hatched side: t=+l; the blank side: t=0.

Then the group K) of the elastic elements 3 will be rearranged in such a way that the even elastic elements 3 will be reoriented by 180° along the axis perpendicular 12 to the axis 11 of the bending and straightening process of the elastic elements 3, which is illustrated by Fig. 4, then the elastic elements 3 are being bent, which is illustrated in Fig. 5, and subsequently they are connected in such a way that their concave surfaces 8 and convex surfaces 7 face towards each other - Fig. 6, then the elastic elements within the group 10 disconnect - Fig. 5, and then the elastic elements 3 straighten - Fig. 4. After the above described operations connected with cooling and heating of the expanded and compressed layers and thermal exchange between them the thermal potentials of the elastic elements 3 acquire the following values: at 3.1 the hatched side: t=0; the blank side: t=-2; at 3.2 the blank side: t=0; the hatched side: t=0; at 3.3 the hatched side: t=+2; the blank side: t=-2; at 3.4 the blank side: t=0; the hatched side: t=0; at 3.5 the hatched side: t=+2; the blank side: t=0.

Subsequently the group H) of the elastic elements 3 will be rearranged in such a way that the odd elastic elements 3 will be reoriented by 180° along the axis perpendicular 2 to the axis j_l_ of bending and straightening of the elastic elements 3 - Fig. 7, and the analogous, above described operations will be carried out, in accordance with Fig. 8,9. The thermal potentials of the elastic elements 3 acquire the following values: at 3.1 the blank side: t=-2; the hatched side: t=-l; at 3.2 the blank side: t=+l ; the hatched side: t=-2; at 3.3 the blank side: t=0; the hatched side: t=0; at 3.4 the blank side: t=+02; the hatched side: t=-l ; at 3.5 the blank side: t=+l ; the hatched side: t=+2.

From the above description it is possible to see that with the increasing number of bending-and-straightening cycles accompanied by the rearrangement of the elastic elements 3 the absolute values of the negative thermal potential on the elastic elements 3 which are situated at a larger distance from the bending and , straightening centre increase, which is accompanied by the increase in the absolute values of the positive thermal potential on the elastic elements 3 closer to the above mentioned centre, while the absolute summary thermal potential on all elastic elements 3 equals to zero.

The successive cycles of bending and straightening of the elastic elements 3, with their above described rearrangement are accompanied by further increases in negative and positive thermal potentials on the corresponding sides of the elastic elements 3.

The maximum value of the thermal potential which can be achieved at an arbitrary elastic element 3 can be determined by using the formula:

+-T = t*n*2 where: t - absolute value of the thermal potential arising on the expanded or compressed layers of the elastic element 3. n - ordinal number in the group 10 of the elastic elements 3 from the central one (the central one itself not being counted), to the right or to the left from it.

- (minus) is related to the thermal potential of those elastic elements 3, which are situated on the side from the central elastic element 3, which is situated at a larger distance from the centre of bending and straightening process.

+ (plus) is related to the thermal potential of those elastic elements 3, which are situated on the side from the central elastic element 3, which is situated closer to the centre of bending and straightening process.

Special examples of the implementation of this method of generation of cooling and thermal energy are represented by another arrangement of the elastic elements 3, which is different from the above mentioned arrangements and which also leads to the effects of cumulating absolute positive and negative thermal potentials on these elastic elements 3.

Figure 10 provides an illustration of the equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy, which consists of the rotary pulleys 2 installed on the axes fitted with five infinite elastic elements 3, which are designed in a form of Mδbius strip, the elastic elements 3 between the pulleys 2 are tightened by the tightening rolling elements 4, and for the purpose of this process the tightening rolling elements 4 can be designed as sliding elements (not marked in the figure).

Rotation of the pulleys 2 with elastic elements 3 is ensured with the help of a drive (not marked in the Figure).

The elastic elements 3 on the pulleys 2 are placed in such a manner that the change in the longitudinal reorientation of the elastic elements 3 by 180°, with regard to the adjacent elastic element 3, takes place after the disconnection of the adjacent elastic elements 3 on the pulleys 2 in clearances 9.

The elastic elements 3 can be both homogenous (not marked in the Figure) and composed of elastic layers on the surface, with thermal insulation between them, which is marked in Fig. 1 1.

Fig. 11 shows a cross-section through the elastic element 3 composed of the elastic layers 5 and thermal insulation between them, which are firmly connected between each other.

Fig. 12 shows a special example of the implementation of the patent application equipment, with the use of three pulleys 2. In this case the elastic elements 3 can be implemented in a form of infinite belts as well as in a form of Mδbius strips. Between the pulleys 2 the elastic elements 3 are tensioned by means of the tensioning rolling elements 4, and the tensioning rolling elements 4 can be implemented as sliding elements (not marked in the Figure).

Fig. 13 shows a special example of the implementation of the equipment, with the use of a single pulley 2. The equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy operates in the following manner. Once the drive is turned on (not marked in the figure), the pulleys 2 start rotating on the axes 1, driving the elastic elements 3, through the mediation of friction forces between the elastic elements 3 and the pulleys 2. As a result of the movement of the equipment described, the positive and negative potentials arise and cumulate on the appropriate external areas of the elastic elements 3, in accordance with an analogous process described in this invention application. If the number of turning (cycles of bending and straightening of the elastic elements 3) increases, the elastic elements 3 which are closer to the pulleys 2, with regard to the central elastic element 3, acquire gradually a positive rising thermal potential, while the elastic elements 3 which are situated at a longer distance from the pulley 2, with regard to the central elastic element 3, acquire gradually a negative rising thermal potential.

During the operation of the patent application equipment there arises, between the opposite sides of the elastic element 3, a different temperature enabling thermal exchange through the body of the elastic element 3, which reduces absolute thermal potentials on the surfaces of the elastic element 3, which leads to the reduction of the cooling and thermal power of the equipment described. Thermal insulation 6 which is firmly connected with both elastic layers 5 reduces the level of loss, whereby it increases the cooling and thermal power output of the equipment described.

During the operation of the equipment with the use of more than two pulleys 2 (e.g. three pulleys 2 - see Fig. 12) and if the longitudinal reorientation of the elastic elements 3 in the area between the pulleys 2 in various sequence is used, there also arises an effect of cooling and warming of the appropriate elastic elements 3.

If an arbitrary number of pulleys 2 is used, the power input necessary for the operation of the equipment described is consumed solely for friction during the rotation of the pulleys 2 on the axes 1, given by the tensioning force of the elastic elements 3, for friction arising on the tensioning elements 4, given by the tensioning force of the elastic elements 3, and for the resistance of the environment in which the equipment operates. Possibilities of industrial use

The method of generation of cooling and thermal energy, and the equipment implementing this method can be industrially used in all areas of economic applications, in particular in the production of cooling, heating and air conditioning equipment.

Claims

P A TEN T C L A I M S

1. Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy characterised by the fact that at least two elastic elements (3) are bent to the limit of elasticity of their materials, then they are connected in such a way that they make contacts between their convex surfaces (7) and the concave surfaces (8) of the adjacent elements (3), then these elastic elements (3) disconnect and straighten to their initial position.

2. Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claim 1, characterised by the fact that at least two elastic elements (3) are associated in groups (10).

3. Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised by the fact that the bending and straightening of the elastic elements (3) is carried out repeatedly, while the elastic elements (3) in the group (10) are rearranged in such a way that after each bending-and-straightening cycle the even and odd elastic elements (3) are rotating, on an alternating basis, around the axis perpendicular (12) to the axis (11) of the bending and straightening process, in such a way that their orientation changes by 180°.

4. Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claims 1, 2 and 3 characterised by the fact that the elastic elements (3) in the group (10) rotate in a different sequence after each bending-and-straightening cycle.

5. Method of generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 characterised by the fact that the order of individual elastic elements (3) in the group (10) changes in a different sequence.

6. Equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy characterised by at least two elastic elements (3) situated in a single plane above each other, on at least one rotary pulley (2) situated on at least one axis (1) with a mutual longitudinal opposite orientation of the adjacent elastic elements (3), and at this configuration the operation of the tensioning elements (4) creates clearances (9) between the elastic elements (3).

7. Equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claim 6, characterised by the fact that the elastic elements (3) are belts made of external elastic layers (5) and an internal thermal insulation layer (6).

8. Equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claim 6, characterised by the fact that the elastic elements (3) are of a homogenous composition.

9. Equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claims 6 and 7, characterised by the fact that the bending stiffness of the elastic elements (3) increases from internal elastic elements (3) towards the external ones.

10. Equipment for generation of cooling and thermal energy according to Claims 6, 7 and 8, characterised by the fact that the elastic elements (3) are made in a form of infinite belts and/or Mδbius strips.