WO2001029844A1 - A method and apparatus for generating thermal energy - Google Patents
A method and apparatus for generating thermal energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001029844A1 WO2001029844A1 PCT/EP2000/009727 EP0009727W WO0129844A1 WO 2001029844 A1 WO2001029844 A1 WO 2001029844A1 EP 0009727 W EP0009727 W EP 0009727W WO 0129844 A1 WO0129844 A1 WO 0129844A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- thermal energy
- reaction
- current pulses
- predetermined sequence
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009377 nuclear transmutation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004431 deuterium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel platinum Chemical compound [Ni].[Pt] PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
- G21B3/002—Fusion by absorption in a matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and a device for generating thermal energy by a physical phenomenon ascribable to cold nuclear fusion ⁇ reactions.
- the invention relates to a method of generating thermal energy from a cold nuclear fusion reaction by having at least a first hydrogen-absorbing material placed either under a high hydrogen content atmosphere or in contact with a hydrogen-releasing material, 0 which method comprises an initial step of heating to a predetermined reaction-initiating temperature.
- the invention also relates to an apparatus implementing the method.
- Patent Application No. WO/ 9010935 was filed by these two research scientists.
- deuterium has been obtained from either a gaseous fuel, e.g. hydrogen gas mixtures, or a liquid fuel, e.g. solutions of electrolytic hydrogen compounds in heavy water.
- a disadvantage connected with the use of such "fuels” is a scattering of the fusion material, namely of the hydrogen. The latter is promptly released and allowed to escape as a gas from the whereabouts of the electrode right when its concentration in the electrode attains a useful value for fusion initiation.
- the electrode temperature rises liquids start boiling, while the atom concentration of gases decreases, which hinders fusion.
- Intensive research work has been devoted during the last decade to overcoming the difficulties posed by the need to exceed the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium of the hydrogen absorbed in the metal. This work has resulted in the development of various apparatus for making a metal matrix absorb hydrogen efficiently.
- the above experimental apparatus are all directed to create initiating conditions in the metal material for the spontaneous production of excess energy.
- the underlying technical problem of this invention is to provide a method and an apparatus with such functional and structural features that controlled generation of excess thermal energy is actually achieved based on a controlled type of cold nuclear fusion phenomenon.
- the concept behind this invention is one of confining the hydrogen to the interior of a metal matrix selected from the transition metal group, using a loading process which may be of different kind, such as electrolysis, gas pressure, temperature, etc..
- a loading process which may be of different kind, such as electrolysis, gas pressure, temperature, etc..
- the metal is nickel
- a suitable temperature increase of this starting metal structure enables to achieve an initiation state for the generation of excess thermal energy over the input energy expended to bring the structure to said state.
- energy can be amplified to a greater or lesser extent for a given average power by acting on the strength and the frequency vs. time of the current pulses.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an energy-amplifying apparatus or reactor implementing the method of this invention.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a control module incorporated in the apparatus of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 shows schematically a particular of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
- an apparatus according to the invention for producing excess thermal energy, is generally shown at 1 in schematic form.
- the apparatus 1 comprises basically a reactor 5 wherein a cold nuclear fusion reaction takes place in accordance with the inventive method.
- the reactor 5 comprises a backing 2 having good electrical insulation and thermal conduction characteristics.
- the backing 2 may be a substrate of silicon carbide or synthetic diamond.
- other materials e.g. a semiconductor substrate, could be used instead.
- the reactor further comprises a metal layer 3 bonded to the backing 2.
- the layer 3 may be a thin layer, film, or rod of a metal material capable of absorbing an adequately large amount of hydrogen.
- Metal materials of this kind are to be found in the transition metal group and may be nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), or tungsten (W), for example. In some cases, a semiconductor material can be used.
- the reactor 5 comprises a reaction chamber 4 fully enveloping the metal layer 3.
- a cap 6 is secured onto the backing 2 and jointly delimits the reaction chamber 4.
- the chamber 4 is to contain a reactive material such as hydrogen (H 2 ), deuterium (D2), or a compound appropriate to release these gases under the process conditions considered by the method of this invention.
- a reactive material such as hydrogen (H 2 ), deuterium (D2), or a compound appropriate to release these gases under the process conditions considered by the method of this invention.
- the metal material of the layer 3 inside the chamber 4 is placed under an atmosphere exhibiting a high hydrogen content, or alternatively, is contacted with a hydrogen-releasing material, such as silicon nitride deposited by a PECVD process.
- control module 8 may be an electronic microcontroller of the integrated type, arranged to control the reaction parameters as explained hereinafter.
- a temperature sensor 9 is mounted inside the reaction chamber 4 and connected to the control module 8 for monitoring the reaction temperature.
- the apparatus 1 further includes a thermoelectric converter 1 1 , which is associated with the backing 2 to pick up excess thermal energy generated from the cold fusion reaction.
- the converter 1 1 is placed in a cooling fluid path 12 along which a means 13 of circulating the coolant, at least one radiator 14, and temperature sensors 7 connected to the control module 8, are also provided.
- the converter 1 1 is further connected electrically to electric power storage 10, e.g. a floating battery, to allow the electric energy produced to be picked up.
- electric power storage 10 e.g. a floating battery
- the storage battery 10 has output terminals 15 connected to the control module 8 to supply power as required for initiating and controlling the cold fusion reaction.
- a loop-back electric connection 16 between the electric energy tap downstream of the converter 1 1 and the power supply to the terminals of the metal layer 3, is also provided and placed under control by the control module 8.
- the method of this invention provides for the use of a first amount in solid form of a first material capable of absorbing hydrogen, e.g. the conductor or semiconductor layer 3, in order to generate excess thermal
- this first material can be selected from palladium, titanium, platinum nickel and alloys thereof, or from any other conductor or semiconductor materials exhibiting this absorptive property for hydrogen.
- the method of this invention also provides for the use of a second amount of a second material capable of releasing hydrogen in gas or ion form.
- the hydrogen is caused to at least partially contact said first amount within the reaction chamber 4.
- the first amount is heated initially at least above a predetermined temperature. This initial heating could be provided by the medium under which both amounts are placed in the reaction chamber 4.
- the reactor can be brought to temperature, pressure, electric polarization, and other conditions as appropriate to concentrate hydrogen or hydrogen compounds (D, T) within the layer 3.
- initial heating is effective to promote the absorption of hydrogen into the first amount, which process can be enhanced by a suitable layout of the materials and the source of heat.
- This sharp rise in temperature is afforded by a predetermined amount of electric energy being supplied to the reactor from outside.
- the material in which the reaction takes place (layer 3) is applied a train of high-density current pulses whereby the conditions for initiating an exothermic balance chain of nuclear reactions are attained.
- the energy amplification can be adjusted as desired.
- Applicant's tests point at a high production of thermal energy occurring in the layer 3 of conductor or semiconductor material from nuclear reactions, even with a small amount of material.
- the metal layer 3 is laid in a twisting pattern, as shown schematically in Figure 3, to combine the effects of both the high current density and the magnetic field.
- the magnetic field can expand the collision section of the interaction of particles having magnetic momentum.
- reaction chamber 4 may be equipped with a magnetic circuit 20 oriented as shown in Figure 3, for example, which further enhances the reaction rate.
- power generators can be produced with the apparatus of this invention which are compact, non-radioactive, and environmentally favorable.
- the metal or semiconductor material of the layer 3 is electrically connected, in this invention, to the control module 8 in order to be fed a current effective to bring the material to an operating condition, and through control of the energy output, it is adapted to receive feedback initiating pulses so as to maintain optimum running conditions by acting on the energy input.
- the control module 8 acts by feedback on the strength and the frequency of the current pulses being supplied to the reactor 5 so as to keep the reaction temperature constant.
- the number of reactions is dependent non-linearly on the current density, since initiating the production of energy causes the system to increase the number of useful events.
- the energy amplification tends to increase by an estimated factor of 10.
- the control module 8 enables the number of useful events to be reduced and/ or adjusted to achieve the balanced condition for a near-constant power output.
- the thermal energy generated were not extracted from the converter 1 1 and the coolant path 12, the temperature of the reactor 5 would keep rising and result in destruction of the apparatus by melting.
- the thermal energy generated can be regulated by controlling the strength or the frequency of the current pulses applied to the electrodes of the metal reaction layer 3.
- the rate of thermal energy generation can be reduced, and the process stopped altogether by removing any residual thermal energy through the cooling system.
- the ultimate objective of the invention is the production of energy in a controlled fashion.
- the concentration of hydrogen in the conductor material expressed as atoms per cubic centimeter, be adequate to initiate a significant number of fusion phenomena per unit volume.
- the thermal energy generating apparatus described hereinabove can be used to advantage in a cold nuclear fusion reactor to provide a complete plant capable of generating energy for human use.
- An advantage of using an apparatus according to the invention in a reactor is that the process temperature can be brought to fairly high levels (above 800 degrees Celsius), if desired, so that the output of a possible thermodynamic cycle of conversion of heat to work can also be fairly high.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00966114A EP1222665A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-05 | A method and apparatus for generating thermal energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1999MI002217A IT1314062B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | METHOD AND RELATED EQUIPMENT TO GENERATE THERMAL ENERGY |
ITMI99A002217 | 1999-10-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001029844A1 true WO2001029844A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
Family
ID=11383834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/009727 WO2001029844A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-05 | A method and apparatus for generating thermal energy |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1222665A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1314062B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001029844A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003019576A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-06 | Vatajitsyn, Andrei Ivanovitch | Power producing device |
GR20100100716A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-13 | Χρηστος Δημητριου Παπαγεωργιου | Method for ion collisions by high-power electric pulses in metal lattices. |
ITMI20120276A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-25 | St Microelectronics Srl | REACTOR FOR ENERGY GENERATION USING LENR REACTIONS (LOW ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS) BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND TRANSITION METALS AND ITS ENERGY GENERATION METHOD |
DE102013110249A1 (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-19 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Apparatus and method for power generation |
WO2016026720A1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-25 | Ad Maiora Llc | Exothermic transmutation method |
NL2018127B1 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-25 | Ebel Van Der Schoot Jelle | Method and an installation for nuclear fusion |
CN110831895A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-02-21 | 艾合知识产权控股有限公司 | Triggering exothermic reactions under high hydrogen loading rate conditions |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990013128A1 (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-11-01 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Enhancing nuclear fusion rate in a solid |
WO1995015563A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-06-08 | Eneco, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for producing neutrons from proton conductive solids |
WO1995020816A1 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-03 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Siena | Energy generation and generator by means of anharmonic stimulated fusion |
WO1997020320A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. | Monolithically integrated device |
WO1997020318A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for the generation of thermal energy |
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 IT IT1999MI002217A patent/IT1314062B1/en active
-
2000
- 2000-10-05 WO PCT/EP2000/009727 patent/WO2001029844A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-05 EP EP00966114A patent/EP1222665A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990013128A1 (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-11-01 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Enhancing nuclear fusion rate in a solid |
WO1995015563A1 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-06-08 | Eneco, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for producing neutrons from proton conductive solids |
WO1995020816A1 (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-03 | Universita' Degli Studi Di Siena | Energy generation and generator by means of anharmonic stimulated fusion |
WO1997020320A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. | Monolithically integrated device |
WO1997020318A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-05 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. | Method and apparatus for the generation of thermal energy |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003019576A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-06 | Vatajitsyn, Andrei Ivanovitch | Power producing device |
GR20100100716A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-13 | Χρηστος Δημητριου Παπαγεωργιου | Method for ion collisions by high-power electric pulses in metal lattices. |
ITMI20120276A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-25 | St Microelectronics Srl | REACTOR FOR ENERGY GENERATION USING LENR REACTIONS (LOW ENERGY NUCLEAR REACTIONS) BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND TRANSITION METALS AND ITS ENERGY GENERATION METHOD |
DE102013110249A1 (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-19 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Apparatus and method for power generation |
WO2015040077A1 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-26 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Energy generating device and energy generating method and also control arrangement and reactor vessel therefor |
JP2016534366A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2016-11-04 | エアバス ディフェンス アンド スペース ゲーエムベーハーAirbus Defence and Space GmbH | Energy generating device, energy generating method, control assembly thereof, and reaction vessel |
WO2016026720A1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-25 | Ad Maiora Llc | Exothermic transmutation method |
NL2018127B1 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-25 | Ebel Van Der Schoot Jelle | Method and an installation for nuclear fusion |
CN110831895A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-02-21 | 艾合知识产权控股有限公司 | Triggering exothermic reactions under high hydrogen loading rate conditions |
EP3601156A4 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-12-09 | IH IP Holdings Limited | Triggering exothermic reactions under high hydrogen loading rates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITMI992217A1 (en) | 2001-04-21 |
EP1222665A1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
ITMI992217A0 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
IT1314062B1 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
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