WO2001014825A1 - Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001014825A1 WO2001014825A1 PCT/US2000/023057 US0023057W WO0114825A1 WO 2001014825 A1 WO2001014825 A1 WO 2001014825A1 US 0023057 W US0023057 W US 0023057W WO 0114825 A1 WO0114825 A1 WO 0114825A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- vibration
- receiver
- microwave
- optical
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4436—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a reference signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2431—Probes using other means for acoustic excitation, e.g. heat, microwaves, electron beams
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/346—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with amplitude characteristics, e.g. modulated signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/50—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor using auto-correlation techniques or cross-correlation techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for nondestructive testing, monitoring of technological processes, determining structural integrity, noise and vibration control, and mine detection. More specifically, the present invention relates to a phase-amplitude modulated electromagnetic wave
- PAM-EW phase-amplitude modulated electromagnetic wave
- a method and apparatus which employs phase or amplitude modulated electromagnetic probing waves (in optical or microwave frequency ranges or both) emitted toward a vibrating object.
- the optical and/or microwave probing signals remotely irradiate an object of interest.
- the object reflects and/or scatters the probing wave toward to a receiver.
- the reflected/scattered modulated signal is received with a remote sensor (receiver). Vibration causes additional phase modulation to the probing wave.
- the signal is demodulated to extract and analyze vibration waveform.
- the invention also employs an innovative method and algorithm for enhanced performance of the vibrometer by using an additional set of acoustic transmitters/receivers attached directly to the electromagnetic wave transducer assembly.
- This additional set and corresponding data processing algorithm allow for compensation of the unwanted background (or coupled) vibration of the vibrometer and for calibrated measurements of the displacement of the vibrating object irradiated under an arbitrary angle.
- the method and apparatus of the present invention can be utilized for nondestructive testing, monitoring of technological processes, structural integrity, noise and vibration control, mine detection, etc.
- the present invention can be used in connection with existing methods and apparatuses for detecting land mines and detecting defects in structures. Such existing methods and apparatuses include U.S. Patent No. 5,974,881, dated
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the method and apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the method and apparatus for compensating for errors arising from unwanted vibration of the transmitting/receiving assembly (TRA).
- TRA transmitting/receiving assembly
- FIG.3a is a schematic view of an experimental set-up of the method and apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3b is a graph of the results of the experiment shown in FIG. 3a.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic of a microwave vibrometer embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus which employs phase or amplitude modulated electromagnetic probing waves (in optical or microwave frequency ranges) emitted toward a vibrating object.
- the apparatus is generally indicated at 10.
- a signal is generated by the signal generator 12, and then modulated by the modulating device 14 which receives a modulating signal from the modulating generator 16.
- the signal is amplitude modulated.
- the optical or microwave probing signals 20 are transmitted by transmitter 18 and remotely irradiate an object 8 of interest.
- the object 8 reflects and/or scatters the probing wave 20 toward to a receiver 22, where it is received.
- Vibration of object 8 causes additional phase modulation to the probing wave 20, based on the fact that object 8 is vibrating, which becomes amplitude/phase modulated signal 24.
- the signal 24 is demodulated by demodulation device 26, according to signal processing system 28, to extract and analyze vibration waveform.
- the present invention can be used regardless of coherency of the emitting radiation, thus eliminating need in precision and expensive optical elements.
- a laser, or even a light emitting diode (LED) can be used as the source.
- the intensity is modulated at a very high frequency, for example in the GHz range. This results in significant cost reduction of the vibrometer.
- microwave radiation brings additional capabilities for the remote sensing, allowing for measurements of internal vibrations of the object due to penetrating capabilities of microwave radiation.
- the frequency of the microwave radiation can be the same as the modulating frequency of the optical signal, thus allowing for a shared use of electronic circuitry for both received microwave and optical signals.
- the present invention also employs an innovative method and algorithm for enhanced performance of the vibrometer by using an additional set of acoustic transmitters/receivers attached directly to the electromagnetic wave transducer assembly.
- This additional set and corresponding data processing algorithm allow for compensation of the unwanted background, or coupled, vibration of the vibrometer and for calibrated measurements of the displacement of the vibrating object irradiated under an arbitrary angle.
- a 3D accelerometer 32 or any motion sensor
- a CW (continuous wave) source 34 of vibration at frequency f 0 are attached to the TRA 30.
- the 3D sensor 32 measures three components of the TRA vibration displacements: x(t), y(t), and z(t).
- the output of the TRA 30 is proportional to the variation in the length, L(t), between the TRA
- L(t) can be defined using FIG.2 geometry.
- XZ-plate dependent (2D case) is considered:
- ⁇ (t) is the normal displacement of the vibrating object
- ⁇ xz is the angle between the normal to the surface of the object 8 and z-axes of the TRA 30.
- x(t) and z(t) are unwanted components of the output signal.
- the signal z(t) can be easily compensated (subtracted) since it is directly measured with the 3D sensor 32.
- formula (3) can be used to evaluate the angle ⁇ xz and knowing x(t) and z(t), which are measured with the 3D sensor 32, the true displacement ⁇ (t) can be determined using formula (1).
- the apparatus of the present invention comprises an optical or microwave transmitter, corresponding receiver, and electronics including power supplies, signal generators, amplifiers, modulators, demodulators, acquisition and processing units.
- FIG. 3a is a schematic view of an experimental setup of the present invention.
- a laser diode 40 is used as the source of light.
- One suitable laser diode is the Sharp LT-023, having a wavelength of 790 nm and 2 mW of power. Any other suitable light source can be used. Coherency of the light source is not too important, and accordingly, even and LED could be used.
- the laser diode 40 is powered by current source 42 which supplies current to drive the laser 40.
- the current goes through a bias tee 44 which is an electronic scheme which allows for the modulation of the current supplied to the laser diode 40.
- the current is modulated by the signal from signal generator 46, at for example 250 kHz. However, for better results in practice, the modulating signal is in the GHz range, i.e. a few GHz or higher, because the device is more sensitive at higher frequencies.
- the intensity of the laser signal is thereby amplitude modulated.
- the modulated signal 48 is then sent at the object 50.
- the signal 48 is reflected or scattered by the object 50, and the reflected signal 54 is received by photodetector 52.
- the vibrating object 50 comprises a shaker and an accelerometer to make actual measurements of the vibration for comparison to experimental results.
- the reflected signal 54 received by the photodetector 52 is proportional to intensity.
- the amplitude modulated signal 48 is additionally modulated in phase by the vibration of the object 50 such that reflected signal 54 is amplitude and phase modulated.
- the reflected signal 54 is then amplified by amplifier 56 and fed to mixer 58 which also receives a signal from the signal generator 46.
- the mixer 58 mixes these signals, the phase modulated signal and the reference signal to demodulate the reflected signal, which is sent to the spectral analyzer 60.
- FIG. 3b graphically shows the frequency response of the vibrating object measured by the laser of the present invention and as measured directly by the accelerometer.
- the present invention measures the vibration in accordance with measurements taken directly of a vibrating object. As the modulating frequency is increased, the results become more accurate.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic of a microwave vibrometer embodiment of the present invention.
- An oscillator or signal generator 60 generates a signal at, for example,
- the signal is split by power splitter 62. Part of the signal goes to mixer 76 where it will later be used. The other part of the signal is sent to amplifier 64 where it is amplified and then to circulator 66 and then to antenna 68 which sends signal 70 to vibrating surface 72 where it is reflected, scattered and modulated.
- Modulated signal 74 is also received by the antenna 68 and sent back to the circulator
- This signal is then sent to amplifier 76 and then to mixer 82 which is part of a heterodyne scheme including second oscillator 78 which sends a signal at an intermediate frequency, for example 2.56 GHz, through power splitter 80 to mixer 82.
- second oscillator 78 which sends a signal at an intermediate frequency, for example 2.56 GHz, through power splitter 80 to mixer 82.
- the signal leaving the mixer 82 is the difference of 2.56 GHz and 2.45 GHz which is the intermediate frequency (IF) of 110 MHz.
- This signal is sent to low pass filter 84 and then to amplifier 86 and then to I&Q demodulator 88.
- I&Q demodulator 88 functions essentially as a mixer which demodulates the signal into real and imaginary parts which correspond to amplitude and phase. These signals are sent through preamplifiers 94, bandpass filters 96 and amplifiers 98.
- the present invention can be used as a remote sensing device used for various applications, including, but not limited to, nondestructive testing, characterization and monitoring of mechanical structures and civil structures (bridges, storage tanks, etc), air- and car-frames, pipes, pressure vessels, weldments, engines, etc.
- the present invention provides a method and apparatus that relates to an electromagnetic wave vibrometer which generates an electromagnetic signal and transmits the signal at a vibrating object.
- a receiver for receiving a reflected or scattered phase modulated signal from the vibrating object is provided and feeds the signal to a demodulator for demodulating the received signal and a signal processor for analyzing the vibration waveform.
- a method and apparatus is provided for remotely measuring properties of an object including a signal generator for generating an electromagnetic signal and transmitting a signal at an object.
- a means for vibrating the object is provided.
- the vibrating object phase modulates the transmitted signal.
- a receiver picks up the reflected and scattered phase modulated signal and a demodulator demodulates the received signal and a signal processor analyzes the vibration waveform.
- the present invention relates to methods for remotely measuring vibration and remotely determining properties of an obj ect.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL14830300A IL148303A0 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
CA002383350A CA2383350A1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
JP2001519138A JP2003507727A (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Method and apparatus for remotely measuring vibration and properties of an object |
AU73311/00A AU7331100A (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
US10/069,696 US7073384B1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
US11/484,973 US20060260407A1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2006-07-11 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15022499P | 1999-08-23 | 1999-08-23 | |
US60/150,224 | 1999-08-23 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/484,973 Continuation US20060260407A1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2006-07-11 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001014825A1 true WO2001014825A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
Family
ID=22533583
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/023057 WO2001014825A1 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Method and apparatus for remote measurement of vibration and properties of objects |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2003507727A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7331100A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2383350A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL148303A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001014825A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1239290A2 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-11 | Tokyo Electric Power Company | Apparatus for detecting voltage and current status in electric power system |
WO2004090485A2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-21 | Sri International | Method and apparatus for real-time vibration imaging |
DE10351698A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-30 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Measuring method for determining the noise emission of an electric motor and measuring device |
WO2007070080A3 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2008-01-03 | Brandt Innovative Technologies | Method and apparatus of detecting an object |
WO2009102242A1 (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-20 | Sondero Ab | Device for improved response when measuring vibration frequency of a vibrating object |
CN104374463A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-25 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | Vibration information acquisition method and device and user equipment |
CN104374464A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-25 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | Vibration information acquisition method and device and user equipment |
EP1816453A3 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2016-09-28 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for remote monitoring of vibrations in machines |
EP3184974A4 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2018-07-04 | Alouette Technology Inc. | Interference type vibration observation device, vibration observation program, recording medium, vibration observation method and vibration observation system |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2013390016B2 (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2016-07-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | System and method for pipe and cement inspection using borehole electro-acoustic radar |
CN107782786B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2024-05-28 | 重庆交通大学 | Steel structure corrosion detection device and method based on pulse microwave heating vibration measurement |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4481825A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-11-13 | Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Introskopii | Device for measurement of vibrations |
US4554836A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1985-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Laser vibrometer |
US4768381A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-09-06 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical vibrometer |
-
2000
- 2000-08-23 AU AU73311/00A patent/AU7331100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-08-23 IL IL14830300A patent/IL148303A0/en unknown
- 2000-08-23 WO PCT/US2000/023057 patent/WO2001014825A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-08-23 JP JP2001519138A patent/JP2003507727A/en active Pending
- 2000-08-23 CA CA002383350A patent/CA2383350A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4481825A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-11-13 | Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Introskopii | Device for measurement of vibrations |
US4554836A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1985-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Laser vibrometer |
US4768381A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-09-06 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical vibrometer |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1239290A3 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2003-08-27 | Tokyo Electric Power Company | Apparatus for detecting voltage and current status in electric power system |
EP1239290A2 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-11 | Tokyo Electric Power Company | Apparatus for detecting voltage and current status in electric power system |
WO2004090485A2 (en) | 2003-04-03 | 2004-10-21 | Sri International | Method and apparatus for real-time vibration imaging |
EP1613934A4 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2017-08-16 | SRI International | Method and apparatus for real-time vibration imaging |
DE10351698A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-30 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Measuring method for determining the noise emission of an electric motor and measuring device |
US7165456B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2007-01-23 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Measuring method to determine the noise emission of an electric motor and measuring device |
US8555725B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2013-10-15 | Brandt Innovative Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus of detecting an object |
WO2007070080A3 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2008-01-03 | Brandt Innovative Technologies | Method and apparatus of detecting an object |
US8151644B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2012-04-10 | Brandt Innovative Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus of detecting an object |
EP1816453A3 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2016-09-28 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for remote monitoring of vibrations in machines |
US8276451B2 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2012-10-02 | Sondero Ab | Device for improved response when measuring vibration frequency of a vibrating object |
WO2009102242A1 (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-20 | Sondero Ab | Device for improved response when measuring vibration frequency of a vibrating object |
US10989589B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2021-04-27 | Alouette Technology Inc. | Interferometric vibration observation device, vibration observation program, recording medium, vibration observation method and vibration observation system |
EP3184974A4 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2018-07-04 | Alouette Technology Inc. | Interference type vibration observation device, vibration observation program, recording medium, vibration observation method and vibration observation system |
US10718659B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2020-07-21 | Alouette Technology Inc. | Interferometric vibration observation device, vibration observation program, recording medium, vibration observation method and vibration observation system |
EP3486621A1 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2019-05-22 | Alouette Technology Inc. | Interferometric vibration observation device, vibration observation program, recording medium, vibration observation method and vibration observation system |
CN104374463A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-25 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | Vibration information acquisition method and device and user equipment |
US10197437B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2019-02-05 | Beijing Zhigu Rui Tuo Tech Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for obtaining vibration information and user equipment |
CN104374463B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-10-13 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | information acquisition method and information acquisition device |
US10338218B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2019-07-02 | Beijing Zhigu Rui Tuo Tech Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for obtaining vibration information and user equipment |
CN104374464B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-10-10 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | Vibration information acquisition methods and vibration information acquisition device |
CN104374464A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-25 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | Vibration information acquisition method and device and user equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2383350A1 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
AU7331100A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
JP2003507727A (en) | 2003-02-25 |
IL148303A0 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
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