WO2000079102A1

WO2000079102A1 - A system of two or more rotors with at least one piston on each moving in the same direction at varying and alternatively opposite velocities to each other inside a cylindrical chamber, either independent or formed by the rotors themselves

Info

Publication number: WO2000079102A1
Application number: PCT/BR2000/000059
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hugo Julio Kopelowicz
Original assignee: Hugo Julio Kopelowicz
Priority date: 1999-06-17
Filing date: 2000-06-14
Publication date: 2000-12-28
Also published as: EP1204810A1; BR9904603A; AU5203400A

Abstract

The invention herein refers to a system consisting of two or more rotors with at least one piston in each, which move at varying and alternatively opposite velocities to each other inside a cylindrical chamber either independent or formed by the same rotors. In a principal undertaking, the invention is a system of two or more rotors with at least one piston in each placed inside a cylindrical chamber either independent or formed by the same rotors, characterized by the fact that the pistons move in the same direction at varying and alternately opposite velocities to each other.

Description

"A SYSTEM OF TWO OR MORE ROTORS WITH AT LEAST ONE PISTON ON EACH MOVING IN THE SAME DIRECTION AT VARYING AND ALTERNATIVELY OPPOSITE VELOCITIES TO EACH OTHER INSIDE A CYLINDRICAL CHAMBER, EITHER INDEPENDENT OR FORMED BY THE ROTORS THEMSELVES"

Field of Invention The invention herein refers to a system consisting of two or more rotors with at least one piston on each moving at varying and alternatively opposite velocities to each other inside a cylindrical chamber, either independent or formed by the rotors themselves.

It is possible by using this new system to build compression or suction pumps, internal combustion engines or motors operating by the internal heating of fluids or driven by fluid pressure, etc.

This particular way of two rotors moving at varying and alternatively opposite velocities permits the variation in the size of the chambers formed between their pistons.

The volume of the chambers will vary according to the relative velocity of the rotors in relation to each other, thereby enabling aspiration, compression of fluids in the case of a compressor, or the four basic operations of any internal combustion engine (suction, compression, explosion, expulsion). This system also permits the building of motors that operate by heating a fluid inside and its later cooling and compression or using the pressure of any kind of fluid.

This new mechanism does not require the use of valves since the same pistons in their trajectory alternatively open and close the openings of the cylindrical chamber when they move. The movement of two or more rotors at varying and alternatively opposite velocities to each other can be obtained by different types of eccentric mechanisms or through an alternate variation of a diameter of gear segments or varying through electronic media at a velocity of two electric motors. Basically they can be divided in four types of systems, as follows:

The first system for transforming a continuous circular movement of an axis in an alternately varying and opposite movement of velocities of the axes to each other and vice versa, characterized by the fact that: the center of the moving axis is separate from the center of the other two axes; the pair of axes and the moving axis are connected to brackets; at least one pair of these brackets has fixed points from where it transmits the movement and the other pair has a shape that is suitable for fixed transmission points to slide along their length; the fixed points of movement are forced to move along the radius length of the other brackets, thereby varying the length of the movement-transmitting bracket, and thus varying the velocity and transforming a movement of continuous velocity into a movement of varying velocity; and the brackets are placed counter to each other so that alternatively when a larger movement is transmitted to one then a smaller movement is transmitted to the other.

A second driving system characterized by the fact that eccentric gears are used connected to each of the independent rotors operating in gear through belts or chains to two other also eccentric gears joined to another axis and placed in opposite positions so that, as the gears are off-center and placed in opposite positions, depending on the intersection point between them, the quantity of movement transmitted or received varies. This produces a movement of varying velocity in an alternate and opposite manner. If preferred, the eccentric gears can have an elliptical shape that facilitates their coupling or transmits their movement through chains or belts. A third driving system characterized by the fact of comprising the use of at least one gear linked to each rotor, each consisting of at least two segments of a circumference arc, one with a larger and the other with a smaller diameter, which relate alternatively to two other gears also formed by at least two segments of a circumference arc (larger and smaller), which operate joined to another axis in opposite positions, so that they alternatively transmit a movement at greater or lesser velocity, in an alternate and opposite form, depending on the pair of gear segments relating to each other.

A fourth driving system, characterized by the use of at least two electric motors that operate joined to each rotor at varying and alternatively opposite velocities commanded by an electronic circuit.

The Invention and State of the Art So far, fluids have been compressed by compressor pumps that can be basically divided into two major groups: the alternative pumps that use pistons and a system of rods to move it; and the rotary pumps where most are by eccentric movements with fixed or mobile blades.

The general trend is to substitute the alternative piston pumps for circular pumps to permit a reduction in the size and vibration and increases their output.

However, to date, the eccentric rotary systems have not offered the same tightness quality, since the eccentric movements do not offer a tight closure of the compression chambers, causing excessive friction and wear of the tightness elements.

The invention herein substitutes the eccentric movement for a concentric movement of the rotors, thus guaranteeing perfect tightness of the chambers while maintaining all the advantages offered by the circular pumps. As it is a concentric system, it is possible to increase the adjustment level between the rotors and the chamber so that in some cases sealing segments will not be required. The compressor or motor systems are known to be formed by two rotors, most of which, through some mechanism, hold one of the rotors while the other moves and then the one that is held is released and the one in movement is held. The invention herein does not require this kind of alternating stop and go movement of the rotors and proposes a continuous movement of the rotors at velocities varying in alternate form, thus preventing friction and loss of power and vibrations produced by the other systems. These characteristics undoubtedly permit an increase in velocity of the device, thus increasing its output. Through the invention herein it will be possible to build motors operating in a similar way to the Stirling system by heating, cooling and compression of fluids or motors driven by fluid pressure.

In the case of applying the invention herein to the field of internal combustion rotary engines, it will operate with an input of air and fuel and an outlet for expelling burnt gases. It will also be recommendable to use two pistons per rotor so that four compartments are created. In half a movement four operations will be produced in

_* its four chambers, aspiration, compression., combustion and expulsion, respectively.

At the moment of combustion, the pressure originating from the expansion of the gases will occur on the two pistons, one starting a fast and the other a slow movement. In the one that starts moving slowly, the force will be counter to the direction of the movement. The moving axis will receive two forces through the gears, one of them in the opposite direction to the movement, but the force in the direction of the movement will be greater because it will be transmitted from a smaller to a larger gear, being contrary to a gear with a larger diameter to one with a smaller diameter in the case of the piston that starts moving slowly. This imbalance will drive the moving axis in the desired direction. Brief Description of the Drawings The invention herein is illustrated in the drawings attached hereto, where: figure 1 is an overview of a compressor with two rotors, each with one piston, driven by a first system of brackets, some with fixed moving ends and others with variable moving ends; figure 2 is a side view of the first driving system; figures 3 (A,B,C,D) are side views of the four phases of a 360° movement of the first driving system; figures 4 (A,B,C,D) are side views of the four phases described in figures 3 (A,B,C,D) of the corresponding movement of two rotors, each with one compressor piston; figure 5 is a side view of the second system of movement characterized by using eccentric gears in an elliptic form; figure 6 is a side view of the third driving system of two rotors characterized by the fact that segments of a circumference arc of gears are used with different diameters placed opposite each other. figure 7 is an overview of a motor with four pistons using the third driving system; figure 8 is a side view of the third driving system for a four-piston mechanism; figure 9 is a side view of the chamber and the four pistons; figures 10 (A,B,C,D) are side views illustrating four phases of a 180° trajectory of a four-piston motor.

Brief Description of the Operating Mode based on the Drawings The invention will be described with reference to the aforementioned drawings, as an illustration and without interfering with or limiting the invention herein.

Figure 1 shows a compressor that has been built based on the invention herein in which two rotors 2 and 3 move in a circular chamber 1 with their respective pistons 4 and 6 operating against the walls of chamber 1 and the rotor, respectively. Seal segments 21 can run in grooves inside pistons 4 and 6. Other sealing elements 20 run between the two rotors.

Seal elements 19 run between the rotors 2 and 3 and chamber 1.

Rotors 2 and 3 are each joined to an axis 8 and 9 so that the former moves inside the latter.

Two brackets 22 and 23 work joined to these axes respectively, both having two fixed elements 24 and 25 that move freely in part 26.

A U-shaped piece is joined to the driving axis 14, the center of this axis is displaced from the center of axes 8 and 9 so that the radius length from where the movement is transmitted may vary.

Figure 2 shows a side view of the driving mechanism where the dotted line 28 shows the trajectory of the U-shaped piece 26. The dotted line 29 describes the trajectory of the brackets 22 and 23 with their respective driving parts 24 and 25.

Figures 3 A, 3B, 3C and 3D show the four phases of a 360° movement of

a driving system, in a 90° rotation displacement of axis 14 and its U-shaped piece 26. It

also shows the movement transmitted to each of the brackets 22 and 23 joined to the axes 8 and 9 and to their respective rotors and pistons.

In the first movement between figures 3A and 3B, it may be perceived that the part 26 moves 90° while bracket 22 moves 45° and bracket 23 moves 135° of a circumference. In figure 3C another 90° movement of part 26 is seen moving another 45° on the bracket 22 and 135° on the bracket 23. In these two movements we can see that a 180° rotation of part 26 is equal to a 90° rotation of part 22 and 270° of part 23, so that the position reached is inverse to that in figure 3 A. In the next movement of figure 3D, the driving relationship is inverted and bracket 22 moves 135° while bracket 23 only moves 45° of a circumference. In the next movement of 90° of part 26, the bracket 22 again will move 135° while bracket 23 another 45°, thus completing a 360° movement on all parts (26-22-23). It returns to the former situation and repeats the cycle. In figures 4 A 4B, 4C and 4D, corresponding to each phase shown in figures 3 A to 3D, each phase shows the movement of each piston 4 and 6 moving inside the chamber 1 that has two openings. One opening 30, for suction and another 31 for expulsion, depending on the direction of the device's rotation. In this way, it can be understood how the two chambers formed between the pistons 4 and 6 modify their volume. These modifications permitted two suction and two compression operations per turn, displacing the entire volume of the chamber (half-volume for every 1-2 turn). The pistons are also seen to open and close the suction and compression openings, without requiring to use valves.

Figure 5 shows a side view diagram of a second way for the rotors to move through eccentric gears with an elliptical shape, where the driving effect is similar to that described in figures 4A to 4D. Gear 32 joined to the axis 8 runs in gear with gear 34 joined to the axis 14 and to gear 35 placed opposite to the former, both fixed to axis 14 working in gear with gear 33 joined to axis 9. When axis 14 moves, varied and alternatively opposing velocities will occur on axes 8 and 9, respectively. The same effect but with sharp variations in velocity will be achieved using the third system in gear shown in figure 6A-6B where a side view shows the pairs of gears conformed by two segments of a circumference arc in opposite positions.

Figure 7 shows an overview of a two-rotor motor with four pistons using the third driving system. Two rotors 2 and 3 move in a cylindrical chamber 1, each having two pistons 4 and 5 (in rotor 2) and 6 and 7 (in rotor 3) that each run against the other rotor and the chamber so that they share it in four compartments. Each rotor is joined to an axis 8 and 9 respectively, and a pair of gears of different sizes 10 and 11 (on the axis 8) and another pair 12 and 13 (on axis 9) work joined to them. Such gears are built with two circumference segments of equal radius placed in diametrically opposite positions. Gears 10 and 12 have the same diameter, in the example, 3/8 of a circumference, while gears 11 and 13 have 1/8 of a circumference arc. Two pairs of gears 15-16 and 17-18 are fixed on the axis 14, and describe, like the former, two 1/4 circumference radii each placed in diametrically opposite positions. Gears 15-16 and 17-18 are related to gears

« 10-11 and 12-13, respectively, so that in the example herein gears 15 and 17 have a 1-3 larger diameter than that of 10 and 12 and gears 16 and 18, in their turn, have half the diameter of gears 11 and 13.

Both rotors move alternatively at two different velocities, one fast and the other slow, describing in each turn two large fast and two smaller slow movements in an alternate and opposite manner. This variation in alternate and opposite velocity of the rotors forces an also alternate modification of the volume of the four chambers formed between the four pistons, thereby permitting suction, compression, explosion and expulsion operations.

In figures 10 A, 10B, 10C and 10D, half a rotation may be analyzed. Starting from a first position shown in figure 10 A where four pistons 4-6 and 7-5 are close to each other until, through figures 10B, IOC and 10D, it eventually is seen that pistons 4-5 make a 3-8 turn while pistons 6-7 make a 1/8 turn. Admission will occur between pistons 7-5, compression between pistons 5-6, combustion between pistons 6-4 and expulsion between pistons 4-7. In the next cycle, pistons 6-7 will move 3/8 of a turn while pistons 4-5 will only move 1/8 of a turn. Admission will occur between pistons 4-

7, compression between pistons 5-7, combustion between pistons 5-6 and expulsion between pistons 6-4 and so on.

Openings formed in the cylindrical chamber will permit the admission 30 of air and fuel and expulsion 31 of fluids, closing or opening according to the movement of the pistons. An ignition system placed at point 32 will ignite the mixture.

Claims

1. "A system of two or more rotors with at least one piston on each characterized by the fact that the varying and alternatively opposite velocities to each other move in the same direction inside a cylindrical chamber either independent or formed by the same rotors".

2. A system in accordance with the claim 1, to transform a continuous circular movement of an axis in a movement of alternative and opposite variation of velocities of the axes to each other and vice- versa, characterized by the fact that: the center of the driving axis is separate from the center of the other two axes; the pair of axes and the driving axis are connected to brackets; at least one pair of these brackets has fixed ends from where the movement is made and the other pair has a suitable shape or some part that permits the fixed transmission points to slide along their length; the fixed points of movement are forced to move along the radial length of the other brackets, varying the length of the transmission radius of movement, thereby varying the velocity and transforming a movement of continuous velocity in a movement of varying velocity; and the brackets are placed counter to each other so that alternatively when a larger movement is transmitted to one then a smaller movement is transmitted to the other.

3. A system according to the claim 1, to transform a continuous circular movement of one axis in a movement of alternate and opposite variation of velocities of the axes and their respective rotors between each other and vice-versa, characterized by the fact that: eccentric gears are used connecting each of the independent rotors that operate in gear through chains or belts to another two also eccentric gears both joined to another axis and placed in opposite directions; the gears are off-center and placed in opposite positions, so that, depending on the intersection point between them, the quantity of movement transmitted or received varies, thereby producing a movement of varying velocity in an alternate and opposite manner.

4. A system in accordance with the claim 3, characterized by the fact that the eccentric gears have an elliptical shape that facilitates their coupling or transmits their movement through chains or belts.

5. A system in accordance with claim 1, to transform a continuous circular movement of an axis in a movement of alternate and opposite variation of velocities of two axes and their respective rotors between each other and vice-versa, characterized by the fact that: at least one gear connected to each of the independent rotors is used; and each gear consists of at least two segments of a circumference arc, one with a larger and the other with a smaller diameter, so that each gear relates with at least one other gear, also formed by at least two segments of a circumference arc, one with a larger and the other with a smaller diameter, joined to another axis in opposite positions, so that a movement is alternatively transmitted at a faster or slower velocity, in alternate and opposite ways, depending on the pair of gear segments relating to each other.

6. A system in accordance with claim 1, to give movement of alternate and opposite variation of velocities of two axes and their respective rotors between each other, characterized by the fact that: at least one electric motor is used connected to each rotor and an electronic mechanism to vary the velocity of each of them in an alternatively opposite manner.

7. A system in accordance with any of the claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that it is used to build fluid compression or suction pumps consisting of at least two rotors with at least one piston in each, which move at varying and alternatively opposite velocities, one in relation to the other inside a cylindrical chamber either independent or formed by the same rotors.

8. A system in accordance with any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that it is used to build several type of rotary motors, whether of internal combustion, driven by fluid pressure or heating, compression and cooling of fluids, consisting of at least two rotors with at least one piston in each, which move at varying and alternatively opposite velocities in relation to each other inside a cylindrical chamber either independent or formed by the same rotors.