WO2000067362A1 - Commande a moteur electrique sans contact glissant, et moteur electrique sans contact glissant y relatif - Google Patents

Commande a moteur electrique sans contact glissant, et moteur electrique sans contact glissant y relatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000067362A1
WO2000067362A1 PCT/DE2000/001375 DE0001375W WO0067362A1 WO 2000067362 A1 WO2000067362 A1 WO 2000067362A1 DE 0001375 W DE0001375 W DE 0001375W WO 0067362 A1 WO0067362 A1 WO 0067362A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
teeth
rotor
winding
excitation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/001375
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Nadig
Oliver Zirn
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2000067362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000067362A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • H02P6/085—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/24—Arrangements for stopping

Definitions

  • the so-called universal motor with a mechanical commutator consisting of carbon brushes is today the preferred motor for power tools with mains supply.
  • Electronically commutated direct current machines so-called EC synchronous motors, or converter-fed asynchronous machines or switched or synchronous reluctance motors are used today as wear-free or brushless drives.
  • the aim and object of the present invention is to provide a simpler version of an electronically commutated drive with increased service life requirements compared to the motor known above, which is also inexpensive.
  • the armature windings are attached in the sense of a three-phase winding and are connected in a star circuit, the armature windings for Generation of the torque are energized in blocks by simultaneous switching on and off, for switching the armature windings electronic switches, in particular in the form of a three-phase bridge circuit, are provided as an electronic commutator and the excitation winding is arranged in series with the electronic switches.
  • the excitation winding is divided into two and a part is arranged in a groove, which is essentially arranged behind a stator pole, the respective stator poles being adjacent. This is a particularly advantageous embodiment and increases the excitation flow solely through the geometry of the arrangement.
  • the excitation winding is switched between the rectifier and the inverter.
  • the field winding serves to buffer the network and avoids the spreading of commutation current peaks into the network.
  • the field winding is constructed as a transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to the network and the secondary winding of which is connected to the rectifier.
  • the invention also in the context of a single ⁇ "concept a brushless electric motor which can be used in particular for tools, and with salient teeth in the stator and the rotor of the motor, with provided in slots of the stator armature windings, which engage around the associated teeth, with a field winding for field excitation in
  • stator which is arranged diametrically in special slots in the stator, and with armature windings, which are connected in a star connection.
  • the surfaces of the stator and rotor teeth, which face each other in alignment via an air gap, are essentially of the same size and are aligned concentrically to the rotor axis.
  • the groove in which the field winding is inserted is essentially provided behind one of the stator poles, the magnetic flux via this stator pole being as undiminished as possible.
  • the number of teeth of the stator is 6: 4 as a whole number of teeth of the rotor.
  • the rotor consists solely of magnetic material.
  • Fig. 8 shows the linear representation of the 5 engine designed according to the invention to show the flooding and acting
  • FIG. 9 shows a first circuit for supplying the three-phase bridge with split field winding, which is arranged in the ⁇ ⁇ mains supply line of the rectifier.
  • Fig. 10 shows another circuit for supplying the
  • Three-phase bridge in which the field winding is arranged between the rectifier and commutator, in type 0 of a step-up converter, and
  • the stator 10 has six protruding teeth or Trunétique 1, 2, 3, 1 2 ⁇ and 3 provided. These teeth 1 to 3 'project inwards onto the axis 21 of a rotor 20.
  • the rotor 20 is equipped with four poles or teeth 22 which point outwards from the axis 21, specifically to the teeth 1 to 3 ⁇ projecting inwards from the stator 10 towards the axis 21.
  • the armature winding 11 is, for example, around the pole 1 and the diametrically opposed pole 1 of the stator 10 arranged around the stator pole 2 and its diametrically opposed pole 2 x the armature winding 12 and around the pole 3 with its diametrically opposite opposite pole 3, the armature winding 13.
  • the armature windings 11, 12 and 13 are connected to each other in a star connection.
  • an excitation winding 30 is attached diametrically across the axis 21, which is provided for field excitation in the stator 10.
  • a special embodiment of the motor is shown schematically in an axial plan view with a special arrangement of a two-part excitation winding.
  • the excitation winding consisting of two parts 31 and 32 is accommodated in special grooves 34 and 35.
  • the groove 34 located diametrically opposite each seen essentially in the radial direction after the stator 1 and ⁇ l and the groove 35 is located substantially in seen in the radial direction behind the stator pole 3 and 3 ⁇ .
  • the excitation winding 30 is divided into two parts 31 and 32, which, as will be shown later is particularly advantageous for a specific circuit application, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 3 the same axial top view of the stator 10 and rotor 20 shows the rotor 20 in the 0 ° position in accordance with the division in FIG. 1.
  • a current through the excitation winding 30, which comes out of the plane between the poles 3 ⁇ and 1 and flows into the plane between the poles 1 and 3 there is a field around the excitation winding, as is indicated by the arrows 36 in the poles 3 and 1 and the arrows 37 at the poles l ⁇ and 3 is shown in the course of the field.
  • T4 is placed at the start of winding 11.
  • the connection of the transistors T2 and T5 is placed at the beginning of the winding 12 and the connection T3 and T6 is placed at the beginning of the winding 13.
  • the ends of the windings 11, 12 and 13 are connected together so that these three windings are connected in star connection ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a torque is generated in the rotor position shown in FIG. 1 by flux amplification on the Winding 11 and flux weakening on the winding 12.
  • This flux amplification and flux weakening reduces the attraction of the rotor tooth to the winding 12 and the tooth 2 and increases it to the winding 11 and the tooth 1 and 1, so that a moment in the clockwise direction corresponding to the arrow 38 in FIG. 3 arises therefrom.
  • the transistors T2 and T6 are switched on in blocks to ensure that a positive current I 2 flows through the winding 12 for field amplification and a negative current I 3 flows through the winding 13 for field weakening.
  • the cycle starts again, so that the torque formation continues as just described by the block-by-block switching on of the corresponding transistors and the associated block-by-block energization of the armature windings.
  • the three-phase bridge which is shown in Fig. 7, thus functions as an electronic commutator for the motor and energizes the windings 11, 12 and 13 from the DC voltage U present at the inputs 71 and 72.
  • V ⁇ ⁇ • 1 '(b - x)
  • the two-part excitation windings 31 and 32 each have a part in the AC supply lines of the rectifier bridge that the excitation of the motor changes with the mains frequency.
  • the activation of the switching elements in the commutator must be adapted accordingly in terms of time and depending on the rotor position.
  • a suitably programmed microprocessor is preferably provided to control the commutator or the electronic switching elements.
  • the supply circuit which is shown in FIG. 10, also contains a full-wave rectifier formed from the diodes D1 to D4, which is connected to the input terminals 90 and 91 with the
  • Mains AC voltage U N - is fed.
  • the arithmetic mean value of the intermediate circuit voltage is controlled by means of a step-down divider with the help of a transistor T.
  • the field winding 30 is in series with the armature windings and is from
  • the supply circuit shown in FIG. 11 is constructed in many parts in the same way as the circuit according to FIG. 10. The main difference, however, is that it is constructed as a step-up converter.
  • the transistor T in the transverse branch between the excitation winding 30 and one pole of the Rectifier Dl - D4 arranged.
  • the diode D5 is installed between the connection of the transistor T and the DC voltage output 71 with its diode-cathode path. This circuit creates the possibility to influence the excitation.
  • the excitation current can be conducted via the transistor T, even if no armature current is required.
  • the high voltage at the output 71, 72 enables high speeds to be achieved.
  • the input mains voltage U N - at the inputs 90 and 91 is again varied in height via a triac 92 by means of a switch 93 in phase control.
  • This input voltage is applied to the primary side 131 of a transformer 130, the secondary side 132 of which, with the two winding ends, form the input to the full-wave rectifier consisting of diodes D1 to D4.
  • One pole of the rectifier is connected directly to the output 71 and the other pole of the rectifier is connected to the other output 72 of the voltage supply circuit via the current limiting resistor 96.
  • the series circuit comprising a resistor 94 and a braking transistor T B is connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier.
  • the transformer 130 forms the excitation winding and is used both for electrical isolation and for voltage transformation between the line and the commutator.
  • This circuit makes it possible to use inexpensive power semiconductors for low voltages. However, due to the principle of the transformer volume, this circuit is only suitable for relatively small motor outputs. Instead of the transformer in Fig. 12, it is also possible to provide a shunt excitation winding. The excitation is then no longer dependent on the load condition of the drive or on the armature currents and the result is a Shunt behavior of the drive. This can also apply to step-up converters according to FIG. 11 if the transistor T is connected appropriately in the transverse branch.
  • the invention provides an electronically commutated series motor with one or two field windings in a grooved stator.
  • This field winding is designed in series with commutation electronics.
  • the field of excitation thus has a periodic course of time.
  • the commutation electronics ensure that the armature windings of the stator that form the moment are energized in a block-wise manner of individual phases.
  • the drive designed according to the invention with a brushless electric motor and the brushless electric motor itself are particularly suitable in particular for use with power tools.
  • the robustness of the entire structure and high continuous load capacity are important, on the other hand, the requirements for control quality, pulsating torque and pulsating performance are not as important.
  • the key is a high continuous output with the greatest possible reliability and low costs. This is achieved with the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Brushless Motors (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une commande à moteur électrique sans contact glissant, en particulier pour des outils, muni de dents saillantes (1 - 3', 22) dans le stator (10) et dans le rotor (20). Des bobinages d'induit (11, 12, 13) sont prévus dans les rainures du stator et enveloppent les dents associées. Un enroulement inducteur (30) pour l'excitation de champ est prévu diamètralement dans des rainures dans le stator (10). Le champ est guidé via les dents du rotor, les dents du stator et son flux annulaire (14). Les bobinages d'induit sont disposés dans le sens d'un enroulement à courant triphasé et connectés entre eux en montage en étoile, tout en permettant le passage du courant par blocs, pour la production d'un couple de rotation par mise en circuit et hors circuit simultanée. Pour la commutation des bobinages d'induit, il est prévu, comme commutateur électronique, des interrupteurs électroniques, en particulier sous forme d'un montage en pont triphasé. L'enroulement inducteur est monté en série avec les interrupteurs électroniques.
PCT/DE2000/001375 1999-04-30 2000-04-29 Commande a moteur electrique sans contact glissant, et moteur electrique sans contact glissant y relatif WO2000067362A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19919684.2 1999-04-30
DE19919684A DE19919684A1 (de) 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 Antrieb mit bürstenlosem elektrischen Motor und bürstenloser elektrischer Motor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000067362A1 true WO2000067362A1 (fr) 2000-11-09

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DE (1) DE19919684A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000067362A1 (fr)

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DE10125722A1 (de) * 2001-05-18 2002-12-05 Sauter Kg Feinmechanik Werkzeugrevolver
DE102004030460B3 (de) * 2004-06-24 2005-06-30 Hans Hermann Rottmerhusen Elektromotorischer Antrieb für ein Fahrzeug
DE102009033026A1 (de) * 2009-07-02 2011-01-05 Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektronisch kommutierter Elektromotor
JP6274415B2 (ja) 2014-02-27 2018-02-07 日立工機株式会社 電動工具
FR3029029B1 (fr) * 2014-11-20 2018-02-23 Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur Machine electrique
WO2016165759A1 (fr) * 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Abb Technology Ag Machine électrique tournante
US10630128B2 (en) * 2015-11-05 2020-04-21 The Boeing Company Eddy current repulsion motor

Citations (2)

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WO1998005112A1 (fr) * 1996-07-30 1998-02-05 University Of Warwick Machines electriques
US5866964A (en) * 1996-01-29 1999-02-02 Emerson Electric Company Reluctance machine with auxiliary field excitations

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DE1951186A1 (de) * 1969-10-07 1971-04-22 Siemens Ag Drehzahlregelbarer Stromrichtermotor synchroner Bauart
DE9004493U1 (de) * 1990-04-20 1991-01-03 Menge, Eberhard, Dipl.-Ing., 7313 Reichenbach Elektronisch gesteuerter Elektromotor mit Steuerpolen am Stator
US5825113A (en) * 1995-07-05 1998-10-20 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Doubly salient permanent magnet machine with field weakening (or boosting) capability

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US5866964A (en) * 1996-01-29 1999-02-02 Emerson Electric Company Reluctance machine with auxiliary field excitations
WO1998005112A1 (fr) * 1996-07-30 1998-02-05 University Of Warwick Machines electriques

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SLOBODAN VUKOSAVIC ET AL: "SRM INVERTER TOPOLOGIES: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS,US,IEEE INC. NEW YORK, vol. 27, no. 6, 1 November 1991 (1991-11-01), pages 1034 - 1047, XP000277291, ISSN: 0093-9994 *
WALE J D ET AL: "NOVEL CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES FOR A TWO-PHASE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR WITH FULLY PITCHED WINDINGS", PESC RECORD: ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE. FORMERLY POWER CONDITIONING SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 1970 - 1971 AND POWER PROCESSING AND ELECTRONIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE 1972,US,NEW YORK, IEEE, vol. CONF. 27, 1 June 1996 (1996-06-01), pages 1798 - 1803, XP002045099, ISBN: 0-7803-3501-5 *

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