WO2000061208A1 - Piege a bulles dynamique - Google Patents
Piege a bulles dynamique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000061208A1 WO2000061208A1 PCT/EP2000/002913 EP0002913W WO0061208A1 WO 2000061208 A1 WO2000061208 A1 WO 2000061208A1 EP 0002913 W EP0002913 W EP 0002913W WO 0061208 A1 WO0061208 A1 WO 0061208A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- outlet
- primary
- section
- acceleration section
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000005189 Embolism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008081 blood perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3627—Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
- A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
- A61M2206/16—Rotating swirling helical flow, e.g. by tangential inflows
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to "bubble trap” devices that are used for removing gas bubbles from the extracorporeal circulation of blood.
- Bubbles having a diameter of just a few micrometers are impossible to remove using conventional filter technology.
- a porous mesh filter sufficiently small to "trap" a small bubble has a very high flow resistance and this results in a very high-pressure differential across the mesh which is undesirable. For this reason among others there is a continuing neet to improve bubble trap technology.
- the bubble trap of the present invention is inserted into the external "blood loop" and blood is forced through the dynamic bubble trap by the blood pump.
- the device is placed just ahead of the outlet cannula to act as a final filter for the removal of bubbles just prior to the delivery of blood to the patient.
- the bubble trap device splits the blood flow into two streams. The first stream is fully bubble free and it is delivered to the patient. The secondary stream is smaller and it contains the micro bubbles removed from the in coming blood flow. This secondary flow is returned to the extracorporeal circuit upstream of the trap for additional degassing.
- the blood flows through the bubble trap device from end to end and thus this flow is primarily axial in direction .
- the blood flow is subjected to a strong radial acceleration so that there is a strong radial velocity imparted to the blood flow as well.
- a specialized helical separation chamber is used to impart this radial acceleration.
- the helix within the separation section comprises a center body and one or more blades .
- the design and the cross sectional areas of the separation zone are optimized to treat the blood cells gently while applying enough force to the small bubbles to concentrate them for removal.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a dynamic bubble trap device. Detailed Description
- dynamic bubble trap is described as a stand alone device placed in an extracorporeal blood circulation path for ease of explanation.
- bubble trap device technology can be incorporated into other blood handling devices without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the preferred structures shown in the figures are illustrative and variations in the design can be carried out within the scope of the invention.
- Fig.1 is a schematic drawing which shows the dynamic bubble trap 10 in partial cross section.
- the device includes a body 12 that has an exterior wall 14 and an interior wall 16.
- the overall shape of the device is elongate and approximately cylindrical,
- the blood flow through the device is primarily axial along the axis 28 of the body 12.
- a helix is placed inside the device 10 and this helical section is formed by a center body 18 coupled to a blade 20.
- portions of the blade are shown in phantom dotted lines to clarify the figure.
- the blade 20 extends between the interior wall 14 and the surface of the center body 18.
- Various construction techniques can be used to realize the device 10. It has proved convenient to form the center body 18 and blade 20 as a unitary structure and to segment the body 12 to receive the helical section as an insert. Various other assembly techniques can be used as well.
- the device 10 includes a primary blood flow inlet 22 to receive blood flow 30 which contains micro bubbles.
- the device 10 also has a primary blood flow outlet 24 formed in the body for delivering bubble free blood flow 32.
- a secondary blood flow outlet 26 is also provided for the recirculation of secondary blood flow 34 which contains micro bubbles.
- the primary inlet 22 and the primary outlet 24 are connected in an extracorporeal blood flow loop at or near the discharge or blood return cannula.
- the secondary recirculation from secondary blood flow outlet 26 is connected by the user to a location that returns this blood stream to the extracorporal flow system "upstream " of the bubble trap devicelO. This allows the micro bubbles to be dissipated and this portion of blood to be further degassed in the system.
- the bubble trap device 10 divides the inlet blood flow 30, into a bubble free primary outlet blood flow 32 and a secondary blood flow 34 for recirculation.
- the device 10 is powered by the pressure gradient imparted to the primary blood flow 30 by the extracorporeal blood pump.
- the device For the purposes of describing flow regimes within the device 10 the device maybe considered to have a supply section 40; an inlet section 42; a radial acceleration section 44; an outlet section 46 ands a separation section 48.
- the inlet blood flow 30 is introduced into the device 10 at through the supply section 40.
- this section 40 the blood flows smoothly in the axial direction defined by the axis 28.
- the blood flows from the supply section 40 to the inlet section 42 where the cross section of the device may change. As seen in the figure this area may be reduced to gently accelerate the flow along the axial direction and introduce the blood flow into the helical blades in the radial acceleration section 44.
- blade 20 cooperates with the wall 14 and the center body 18 to form two helical channels which imparts a rotary motion to the blood flow with respect to the axis 28.
- the blade 20 divides the flow path into two channels shown as blood flow channel 50 and blood flow channel 52 . the two channels are parallel and both channels are defined by the blade 20. Although only one blade is shown in the figure for simplicity of illustration, more than one blade can be used. If multiple blades are used then there will be additional flow channels in the device 10.
- FIG.1 the drawing shows the contour of the center body 18 as a "teardrop" shape which smoothly changes in diameter along the axis 28.
- the shape of this center body 50 defines the cross section of the flow path within the radial acceleration section 44. Alternate center body contours are operable and shown in other figures.
- the center body 18 seen in Fig. 1 is axially and radially symmetric and it is shown forming a gently converging channel to minimize disruption to the blood cells as they are radially accelerated in channels 50 and 52 defined by the stationary blade 20.
- the blade 20 seen in all the figure exhibits constant pitch however the pitch of the blade may be constant or the pitch may vary along the direction of flow.
- a single blade and a constant pitch configuration is shown for clarity and simplicity of description. The detail design of this portion of the device results in acceleration of the blood while minimize damage to the blood and it may be useful to vary both center body contour and blade number and pitch to achieve this result.
- the blood flows into the outlet section 46 which functions in the exemplary embodiment as a diverging nozzle to slow the axial velocity of the blood passing through the device.
- the design of this section is compromised in favor of minimizing the pressure change on the blood cells. For this reason the included angle 36 defining the taper of this section may vary from about 5 degrees to about 45 degrees.
- the outlet section 46 cooperates with the separation section 48 to separate the micro bubbles from the blood flow.
- the blood removed through the secondary outlet 16 contains the concentrated flow of micro bubbles that have migrated toward the centerline of the flow along axis 28 under the force imparted by the radial acceleration section.
- the shape of the inlet or bubble pick up 25 of the secondary blood flow outlet 26 may take any suitable form but round or circular opening s have proven effective.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic partial cross section of the bubble trap device 10 with an alternate form of center body 60.
- the center body 60 is essentially cylindrical in form and has blunt entry surfaces.
- the blood flow is shown by flow stream line 62 which is shown entering the radial acceleration section 44.
- the blood spirals around the radial acceleration section 44 as depicted by flow streamline 64 which is intended to depict rotary motion about the axis 28.
- the blood exits the radial acceleration section 44 and continues to spiral around the axis 28 during transit through the outlet section 46 and the separation section 48.
- the length of the separation section has an important impact on the efficiency of the device . It has been found empirically and supported by a mathematical model, that the relationships between the flow rate, diameters and lengths can result in optimum separation with minimum recirculation flow rate from the secondary outlet 26. These relationships are counterintuitive and can be expressed as ratios of certain geometric relationships.
- the length "L" of the combined separation section 46 and outlet section 48 should be at least 3 times as long as the diameter "D" of the annular acceleration section 44.
- the length of the combined separation section 48 and outlet section 463 be not more than 10 times as long as the diameter "D" of the annular acceleration section44. It must be understood that these are estimates and that operation outside of these ranges is possible but less practical and efficient.
- the nominal flow rate through the bubble trap is approximately 2-7 liters a minute and the nominal diameter "D" of the device is between 1 and 4 centimeters.
- the width of the channel in the screw section 46 depends on the detail design and some experimentation should be expected to minimize damage to the blood while imparting high radial accelerations. It must be remembered that the pitch of this section also controls the path length for the blood.
- Fig. 3 shows an alternate embodiment of the invention
- the outlet section 56 and separation section 58 have rounded contours that may be expressed as radii.
- the curve may be approximated by a circle of radius "R1" between points "A” and “B” and a second radius “R2 between points “B” and “C”.
- the outlet section 56 blends smoothly with the separation section 58.
- the center body 38 is blunt on its leading edge and truncated on its trailing edge. Although this shape is not preferred it is associated with effective extraction and concentration of micro bubbles.
- Fig. 4 shows a preferred design with the overall length of the combined outlet section and separation section 68 is more than 3 diameters away from the radial acceleration section 66. No distinct outlet section is apparent in this design.
- the included angle 36 defining the "straight" taper of the separation section is larger than 5 degrees.
- the center body 70 is shown in partial cut away to reveal the contour more clearly. In this instance the center body 70 is blunt at both ends and has a slightly steeper section after the maximum diameter station along the center body.
- the reference numeral 72 shows the maximum diameter station .and this location is more than half way along the length of the radial acceleration section 66. In this fashion the center body is “sharper" at the leading edge of the flow in the radial acceleration section 66 than at the trailing edge of the radial acceleration section.
- the computed pressure at the exit of the radial acceleration section at the periphery at location 78 is near 0.0 mm Hg and the pressure at the end of the center body at location 80 is approximately -20mmHg.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000610539A JP2002540902A (ja) | 1999-04-08 | 2000-03-31 | 動的気泡トラップ |
EP00922593A EP1165158A1 (fr) | 1999-04-08 | 2000-03-31 | Piege a bulles dynamique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12834699P | 1999-04-08 | 1999-04-08 | |
US60/128,346 | 1999-04-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000061208A1 true WO2000061208A1 (fr) | 2000-10-19 |
Family
ID=22434883
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/002913 WO2000061208A1 (fr) | 1999-04-08 | 2000-03-31 | Piege a bulles dynamique |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1165158A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002540902A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000061208A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1203592A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | Convergenza Ag | Dispositif pour le conditionnement de sang |
EP3010618A4 (fr) * | 2013-06-21 | 2017-01-25 | The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy | Procédé et appareil pour séparation de composants de flottabilité différente mélangés en un fluide d'écoulement |
US9833795B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2017-12-05 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Cascaded axial fluid separator methods and systems |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2063108A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-06-03 | Bethune D | Degassing device |
EP0778031A1 (fr) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-11 | Kevin Business Corporation | Elimination de l'air du sang |
EP0876822A2 (fr) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-11 | Kevin Business Corporation | Procédé et appareil pour séparer un gaz du sang |
-
2000
- 2000-03-31 EP EP00922593A patent/EP1165158A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-03-31 JP JP2000610539A patent/JP2002540902A/ja active Pending
- 2000-03-31 WO PCT/EP2000/002913 patent/WO2000061208A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2063108A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-06-03 | Bethune D | Degassing device |
EP0778031A1 (fr) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-11 | Kevin Business Corporation | Elimination de l'air du sang |
EP0876822A2 (fr) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-11 | Kevin Business Corporation | Procédé et appareil pour séparer un gaz du sang |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1203592A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-08 | Convergenza Ag | Dispositif pour le conditionnement de sang |
EP3010618A4 (fr) * | 2013-06-21 | 2017-01-25 | The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy | Procédé et appareil pour séparation de composants de flottabilité différente mélangés en un fluide d'écoulement |
US9833795B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2017-12-05 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Cascaded axial fluid separator methods and systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1165158A1 (fr) | 2002-01-02 |
JP2002540902A (ja) | 2002-12-03 |
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