WO2000057718A1 - A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method - Google Patents
A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000057718A1 WO2000057718A1 PCT/NO2000/000093 NO0000093W WO0057718A1 WO 2000057718 A1 WO2000057718 A1 WO 2000057718A1 NO 0000093 W NO0000093 W NO 0000093W WO 0057718 A1 WO0057718 A1 WO 0057718A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- pellets
- plant
- pellet chamber
- pellet
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
- A23N17/005—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs for shaping by moulding, extrusion, pressing, e.g. pellet-mills
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/20—Dehydration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
- A23P30/32—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment
- A23P30/34—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment by extrusion-expansion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of manufacturing feed pellets, whereby moist feed pellets are subjected to negative pressure followed by a drying process, in order to achieve a more porous pellet and a lower temperature load.
- the invention also relates to a plant for use in the implementation of the method, the plant generally comprising a pellet chamber, preferably interconnected downstream of a pelletizing machine, an extruding device for pellets or a similar pellet forming device.
- Feed pellets for fish and animals are manufactured on an industrial scale in a multistage process.
- the components are mixed to a dough-like body, which is formed into pellets by high pressure and high temperature, for example in a so-called extruder, after which the pellets are dried and cooled.
- warm pellets typically holding 100 to 140°C, are pressure relieved to ambient pressure, the pellets expand because of the internal pressure and liquid boiling out of the pellets. The expansion results in the pellets having a porous structure.
- the pellets are cut into pieces of desired length. Considerable remaining moisture in the expanded pellet involves that the pellets have to be dried to obtain keeping quality. Such drying may be done in several ways, and some of them should be well known to a person skilled in the art.
- the porosity or specific gravity of the completely formed product may be an important criterion of quality of several types of food and feed products, including feed pellets for reared fish.
- the porosity of the product is of importance to the possibility of adding liquid nutrients which are absorbed into the product; the porosity is further of importance to floating capacities in a suitable medium, and it is of importance to the texture criterions like crispness, mouth sensation and toughness.
- To pellets of fish feed the porosity is important with respect to the ability of the pellets to absorb oil in the production process, and for the floating capacity/buoyancy in water on feeding.
- the most common method of increasing the porosity is to increase the mechanical and thermal amount of energy added to 0 the raw materials in the extruding stage of the manufacturing process.
- the surplus vapour will expand and result in greater porosity.
- patent publications WO 9503711 and 9816121 are mentioned means for reducing porosity after the extruding stage by extracting positive pressure and surplus vapour inside the extruder.
- US patent document No. 5 527 553 is explained a method, in which the pellets are passed directly o into a warm oil bath at 107-232 °C and cut into a desired length in the oil bath. The degree of expansion of pellets is controlled by changing the oil temperature.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method and a plant of the initially mentioned kinds, for use in the 5 manufacturing of porous pellets, whereby a better control of the porosity of the feed product than by known technique may be maintained.
- Another object is to achieve a lower temperature load on the product through the processing. Since known methods normally o require an extra supply of energy, such as heat, to achieve increased expansion, the opposite effect of what was normally to be expected has been achieved by means of the invention. By the use negative pressure also in the subsequent drying process and possibly a deep-frying process, an essentially 5 lower temperature load can be achieved for the product than by conventional methods.
- this object is realized by proceeding in accordance with the characterizing part of the following claim 1, and by a plant of the o initially specified kind for the implementation of the method, being formed so that it exhibits the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 9.
- the procedure is such that the pellet is produced, discharged by or extruded by a pressure s which is lower than the ambient pressure, pellets being transferred, after a relatively short stay by said reduced pressure, to a drying process.
- a plant for the implementation of this method comprises a pellet chamber which is interconnected in the plant, o downstream of the pelletizing machine, and the plant excels by said pellet chamber being arranged to be able to be kept at a lower pressure than the ambient pressure, for example in the order of 100-800 millibar.
- the table below shows the results obtained in a series of experiments with extruded fish feed by the use of the method and plant according to the invention.
- the results show a marked increase in the pellet diameter and a reduction in the bulk density as a measurement of expansion when the pressure inside the pellet chamber is reduced from 1000 mbar to 200 mbar.
- the temperature of the product also decreases by dropping pressure, as a consequence of increased evaporation.
- the experiment referred to, is only illustrative and not limiting to the scope of the application.
- a plant for use in the manufacturing of feed pellets excels, according to the invention, by the pellet chamber being arranged to allow itself to be kept at a lower pressure than the ambient pressure, its outlet being connected to an oil tank or a drying plant, to which the pellet is transferred, and wherein the oil tank or the drying plant is also arranged to be able to maintain a lower pressure than that of the surroundings .
- the subsequent drying process it has proved convenient to let the subsequent drying process also be implemented by a pressure which is lower than the ambient pressure.
- This stage of the method is advantageous in that it favours the attainment of the object aimed at, but this stage is not critical in the implementation of the method to achieve a satisfactory result.
- the drying process may be carried through in a known manner, for example by drying in air.
- the invention comprises a method whereby the pelletizing is carried out by a first reduced pressure, whereas the subsequent drying is implemented at a second reduced pressure.
- Said first pressure and said second pressure may be identical or different from each other.
- reduced temperature will be favourable to temperature sensitive components, and increased porosity is favourable to the capacity of the pellets to absorb oil, whether the oil is added in connection with the deep-frying, or the oil is added after the pellets have been dried in another way (for example by drying in warm air) .
- the outlet of the pellet chamber may have a rotatable gate lock body arranged thereto, enabling formed pellets to be drawn continuously or in batches, while, at the same time, the negative pressure is maintained.
- pellets are produced in a pelletizing machine and passed from there into said pellet chamber which works at reduced pressure.
- the degree of negative pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure is adjusted with a view to the desired expansion of pellets. This has turned out to provide an essentially better control of the expansion and porosity, than measures which have to be 5 taken in a known manner before or during pelletizing.
- the reason is believed to be that in changing single parameters of the pelletizing process, other parameters are also influenced, which are very important for a good result. This is because the pelletizing process creates physical and 0 chemical structures of the raw materials by means of the same measures that control expansion (heat, water and pressure) .
- the pressure within the pellet chamber may be in the pressure range from 0 millibar to right below atmospheric pressure, and will in typical cases be between 100 and 800 millibar.
- porous pellets are produced in a manner known in itself, but with the novel feature of pellets being discharged into a pellet chamber which is kept at a pressure lower than the ambient pressure, typically in the range from one hundred to eight hundred millibar.
- water is removed from the pellets, and the pores are filled with fat in subsequent processing stages.
- the outlet of known pelletizing equipment has a pellet chamber arranged thereto, which is arranged to be able to be kept at a lower pressure than the surroundings, and which is provided with a gate lock opening so that pellets may be drawn continuously or in batches from the pellet chamber, while the chamber is kept by a reduced pressure .
- the reference numeral 1 identifies a pelletizing machine with an outlet 2 which opens into a pellet chamber 3.
- the pellet chamber 3 has a first vacuum pump 4 arranged thereto, which is arranged to maintain the air pressure inside the pellet chamber 3 at a first desired value, lower than the ambient pressure.
- the pellet chamber 3 is provided with an outlet 5, in which there is positioned a gate lock device 6 of a known type, so that the low pressure of the pellet chamber 3 may be maintained while the pellet is discharged.
- the gate lock device 6 may with advantage be of a rotational type, so that pellets may be fed continuously out of the pellet chamber 3.
- the outlet 5 is connected to an inlet 7 in the upper part of an oil tank 8 which is partly filled with oil, which is not shown.
- the oil tank 8 has a second vacuum pump 9 arranged thereto, which is arranged to maintain the air pressure inside the oil tank 8 at a second desired value, which is lower than the ambient pressure and normally also lower than said first desired value of the pellet camber 3.
- the oil tank 8 is provided, in a known manner, with a heating element with thermostatic control, possibly an agitator, which is not shown, in order to serve for the deep-frying of pellets .
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002367591A CA2367591C (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
NZ514831A NZ514831A (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
AT00911496T ATE311759T1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FEED PELLETS AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
JP2000607484A JP4545949B2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | Method for producing chow and plant used for carrying out this method |
AU33362/00A AU770697B2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
DE60024613T DE60024613T2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FEED PELLETS AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
MXPA01009618A MXPA01009618A (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method. |
EP00911496A EP1179983B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | Method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for carrying out the method |
US09/937,172 US7001636B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | Method for manufacturing feed pellets and a plant for use in the implementation of the method |
IS6075A IS2245B (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2001-09-14 | Method of processing feed pellets and plants for use in the implementation of the method |
DK200101348A DK176093B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2001-09-17 | A method for preparing feed pellets and plants for use in implementing the method |
US11/059,714 US20050136164A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2005-02-16 | Method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO19991447 | 1999-03-25 | ||
NO991447A NO309253B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 1999-03-25 | Process for the preparation of feed pellets and plants for use in carrying out the process |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/059,714 Continuation US20050136164A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2005-02-16 | Method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000057718A1 true WO2000057718A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
Family
ID=19903137
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NO2000/000093 WO2000057718A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-03-17 | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7001636B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1179983B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4545949B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100699126B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE311759T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU770697B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2367591C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60024613T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK176093B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2254153T3 (en) |
IS (1) | IS2245B (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA01009618A (en) |
NO (1) | NO309253B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ514831A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000057718A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002024000A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | Method and plant for producing feed pellets |
CN104382208A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 黑龙江华森畜牧科技有限责任公司 | Reverse-flow bacteria inoculating device and reverse-flow bacteria inoculating method in solid fermentation |
RU2764804C1 (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-01-21 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственный центр "ВНИИ комбикормовой промышленности" (АО "НПЦ "ВНИИКП") | Production line of highly digestible compound feeds for young fish fry |
RU2822098C1 (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-07-01 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУИТ") | Line for production of aquafeed based on poultry farming by-products |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO309253B1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2001-01-08 | Nutreco Aquaculture Res Ct As | Process for the preparation of feed pellets and plants for use in carrying out the process |
NO323529B1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2007-06-04 | Trouw Internat Bv | Procedure for reducing the content of undesirable nutrients in wastewater from fish farms. |
RU2476083C2 (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2013-02-27 | Марс, Инкорпорейтед | Single-portion cat fodder and fodder production method |
US10172370B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2019-01-08 | Purina Animal Nutrition Llc | High fat feed particles |
US20160066600A1 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Method and System for Producing Aquaculture Feed |
MX2017014203A (en) | 2015-05-16 | 2018-03-28 | Big Heart Pet Inc | Palatable expanded food products and methods of manufacture thereof. |
KR101814870B1 (en) | 2015-08-10 | 2018-01-03 | 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) | Shrimp feed composition using Tenebrio molitor and method for manufacturing thereof |
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JPH02138944A (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1990-05-28 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | Improvement of oil-absorbing property of porous fish-farming feed |
JPH09182561A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Pacific Sci Kk | Adsorption method of fat on feed pellet for pisciculture and apparatus therefor |
WO1998003080A1 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-01-29 | Bühler AG | Method of incorporating fatty matter into granulated products |
WO1998016121A1 (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-04-23 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed |
NO991081L (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1999-03-04 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co | Procedure for Adding Fats and Oils to Porous Paste |
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1999
- 1999-03-25 NO NO991447A patent/NO309253B1/en active IP Right Review Request
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 WO PCT/NO2000/000093 patent/WO2000057718A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-17 NZ NZ514831A patent/NZ514831A/en unknown
- 2000-03-17 AU AU33362/00A patent/AU770697B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-03-17 JP JP2000607484A patent/JP4545949B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-17 AT AT00911496T patent/ATE311759T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-17 MX MXPA01009618A patent/MXPA01009618A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-17 CA CA002367591A patent/CA2367591C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-17 ES ES00911496T patent/ES2254153T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-17 KR KR1020017011951A patent/KR100699126B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-17 DE DE60024613T patent/DE60024613T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-17 EP EP00911496A patent/EP1179983B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-17 US US09/937,172 patent/US7001636B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-09-14 IS IS6075A patent/IS2245B/en unknown
- 2001-09-17 DK DK200101348A patent/DK176093B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-02-16 US US11/059,714 patent/US20050136164A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02138944A (en) * | 1989-10-16 | 1990-05-28 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd | Improvement of oil-absorbing property of porous fish-farming feed |
JPH09182561A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Pacific Sci Kk | Adsorption method of fat on feed pellet for pisciculture and apparatus therefor |
WO1998003080A1 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-01-29 | Bühler AG | Method of incorporating fatty matter into granulated products |
NO991081L (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1999-03-04 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co | Procedure for Adding Fats and Oils to Porous Paste |
WO1998016121A1 (en) * | 1996-10-16 | 1998-04-23 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 199738, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1997-409865, XP002907130, PACIFIC SCI KK: "Adsorbing oils and fats to feed pellets for fish - comprises mixing pellets and oils and fats under reduced pressure and returning to atmospheric pressure" * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002024000A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | Method and plant for producing feed pellets |
CN104382208A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-03-04 | 黑龙江华森畜牧科技有限责任公司 | Reverse-flow bacteria inoculating device and reverse-flow bacteria inoculating method in solid fermentation |
RU2764804C1 (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-01-21 | Акционерное общество "Научно-производственный центр "ВНИИ комбикормовой промышленности" (АО "НПЦ "ВНИИКП") | Production line of highly digestible compound feeds for young fish fry |
RU2822098C1 (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2024-07-01 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУИТ") | Line for production of aquafeed based on poultry farming by-products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO309253B1 (en) | 2001-01-08 |
ES2254153T3 (en) | 2006-06-16 |
US20050136164A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
NO991447L (en) | 2000-09-26 |
DK176093B1 (en) | 2006-05-22 |
JP4545949B2 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
DE60024613T2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
DE60024613D1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
CA2367591C (en) | 2009-01-20 |
EP1179983B1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
KR100699126B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
NO991447D0 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
IS2245B (en) | 2007-06-15 |
ATE311759T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
JP2002539806A (en) | 2002-11-26 |
AU3336200A (en) | 2000-10-16 |
CA2367591A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
AU770697B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
KR20020000787A (en) | 2002-01-05 |
EP1179983A1 (en) | 2002-02-20 |
NZ514831A (en) | 2002-12-20 |
US7001636B1 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
MXPA01009618A (en) | 2003-06-24 |
DK200101348A (en) | 2001-11-09 |
IS6075A (en) | 2001-09-14 |
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