WO2000040424A1 - Multi-layer coated copy paper for improved printing and performance - Google Patents
Multi-layer coated copy paper for improved printing and performance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000040424A1 WO2000040424A1 PCT/US1999/030817 US9930817W WO0040424A1 WO 2000040424 A1 WO2000040424 A1 WO 2000040424A1 US 9930817 W US9930817 W US 9930817W WO 0040424 A1 WO0040424 A1 WO 0040424A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- basecoat
- copy paper
- paper
- layer coated
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
- G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
- G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
- G03G7/004—Organic components thereof being macromolecular obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/82—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed
- D21H19/822—Paper comprising more than one coating superposed two superposed coatings, both being pigmented
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
- G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
- G03G7/0013—Inorganic components thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/502—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording characterised by structural details, e.g. multilayer materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/502—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording characterised by structural details, e.g. multilayer materials
- B41M5/506—Intermediate layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/52—Macromolecular coatings
- B41M5/5218—Macromolecular coatings characterised by inorganic additives, e.g. pigments, clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/385—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate
Definitions
- This invention generally relates to multi-layer coated copy paper, and more particularly, to paper having thermally insulating basecoat layers between a basecoat paper layer and outer topcoat layers .
- coated papers were not specifically designed to function in color or monochrome copiers. While the use of coating layers to prevent copy blistering has been known, coated or layered paper structures have not been specifically designed to optimize the print quality of toner in copiers, to reduce the amount of power required for toner copying, and possibly to lower the amount of toner usage required for printing with comparable copy quality. Summary of Invention
- a multi-layer coated copy paper comprises a base paper layer of paper pulp, an outer topcoat layer including mineral pigments and fine clay, with a binder, and an intermediate basecoat layer between the base paper layer and outer topcoat layer containing from 10% to 70% ground calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) , from 90% to 30% fully or partially calcined clay (Si 4 Al 4 O 10 (OH) n , where n ⁇ 8), and from 0% to 30% satin white (3CaO-Al 2 0 3 -3CaS0 4 -31H 2 0) , with a binder.
- the coating weight of the intermediate basecoat layer is preferably from 10 to 14 gsm.
- the basecoat and topcoat layers may be formed on one or both sides of the base paper layer.
- FIG. 1 shows in cross-section a multi-layer coated copy paper structure in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sample graph showing surface temperatures as a function of time of three commercial samples and an improvement sample during a ten-copy cycle.
- FIG. 3 shows a comparison between a commercial sample and an improvement sample for the numerical integral of the area under the temperature vs. time curve.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the numerical integral of temperature over time with the weight % of calcined clay in the total sheet.
- FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the heat diffusivity of the basecoat for different levels of calcined clay and different types (fine or coarse) of ground calcium carbonate .
- FIGS. 6A - 6D illustrate print gloss as a function of print density for high and low speed copying on the improved paper .
- a multi-layer coated copy paper in accordance with the invention has a base paper layer ( "Basepaper” ) of paper pulp, an outer topcoat layer
- Topcoat of mineral pigments and fine clay together with a binder, and an intermediate base coating layer (“Basecoat”) between the base paper layer and outer topcoat layer.
- Basecoat intermediate base coating layer
- FIG. 1 a two-sided copy paper structure is shown in which Topcoat and Basecoat layers are provided on both sides of the Basepaper layer.
- the upper side of the Basepaper layer is indicated as the “felt side”
- the lower side is indicated as the “wire side”, referring to the sides of the paper web between the forming wire it is carried on and the felt it is pressed with during the paper forming process.
- the felt side of the coated paper is the preferred side to be copied on (instructions are commonly marked on paper reams to "Copy this Side First"), as the felt side has the better gloss and finish characteristics. Therefore, a toner area (“Toner”) is indicated as formed on the felt side of the coated paper.
- the felt-side Topcoat is indicated as having a thickness y(l), felt-side Basecoat thickness x(l), Basepaper thickness z, wire-side Basecoat thickness x(2), and wire-side Topcoat thickness y(l) .
- the relative thicknesses of the preferred multi-layer coated copy paper are as follows:
- the Basecoat is formed with a combination of bulky minerals to give it the preferred properties: thermal insulation; porosity/bulk; opacity; brightness; and conductivity. The following combination and ranges have been found to produce optimal results:
- the ratio of mineral pigments (b) and (c) to ingredient (a) in the Basecoat layer is preferably in the range of from 9:1 to 1:1.8, with the exact ratio dependent on the thermal insulating requirements for the Basecoat layer as a function of its basis weight.
- the ratios of ingredients in the Basecoat layer can be optimized so that the resulting thermal insulation properties allow the fusing process to be independent of basis weight .
- the base coating may be formed by a contour type of coating device, such as air knife, curtain coater, or metering size press, of by a blade type of coating device, such as flooded nip, short dwell time applicator, jet coater, or puddle coater.
- the coating weight of the Basecoat layer is preferably from 10 to 14 gsm.
- the basecoat and topcoat layers may be formed on one or both sides of the base paper layer.
- the Basepaper can be made of any suitable paper pulp composition with the desired properties: stiffness; low moisture; good formation; moderate tensile strength; moderate refining; and no mechanical fibers. Preferably, it is either fully bleached chemical pulp, or has a fraction up to 50% of deinked pulp.
- the Topcoat is formed with a combination of mineral pigments and fine clay with a binder, to give it the preferred properties: brightness; gloss; smoothness; slight macro roughness; toner/ink holdout; toner adhesion; and conductivity. Optimal results are found to be achieved with a combination of the above-mentioned mineral pigments (a) to (d) , and the following additional ingredient:
- Topcoat and Basecoat are mixed with a binder to "glue" them together, preferably either :
- polyvinyl alcohol PVOH or PVA
- minor additives constituting less than 1% by weight, include: brightening agents; lubricants; synthetic thickeners; and defoammg agents.
- the fuser roll temperature was controlled to 180°C (356°F) and the pressure roll to 165°C (329°F) .
- the fuser control circuit normally switches to the Run mode when the first Registration Release Signal is generated. While m the Run mode, the fuser roll temperature was controlled to 160°C (320°F) and the pressure roll to 165°C (329°F) .
- the first three copies from the Xerox DC40 copier generally are hotter as the copier switches from Warm-up mode to Run mode.
- the commercial samples Enso 4CC (130 gsm) and Xero Laser Gloss (120 gsm) do not have an insulating basecoat layer between the base paper layer and the topcoat layer.
- the 21 improvement samples had a basecoat layer of varying composition.
- the component ingredients for the basecoat layer were: Ansilex 93 (TM) calcined clay, obtained from Engelhard Corporation, located in Iselin, New Jersey (USA) ; Hydrocarb-CC (TM) calcium carbonate (fine pore size diameter) , obtained from OMHY PLUSS-STAUFER AG, in Oftringen, Switzerland (designated HC-CC) ; Hydrocarb-60 (TM) calcium carbonate (coarser pore size diameter) ; Flash calcined clay sold under the product name 97-7000, from ECC International located in Cornwall, England; and satin white (SW) or calcium sulfoaluminate manufactured under a proprietary process at Zanders Feinpapier AG (Bergish Gladbach, Germany) .
- a commercial satin white product of similar composition is Suprasmit Satin White sold by Suprasmit B.V. located in Maastricht, Netherlands.
- the compositions of the samples were:
- the output data for the three commercial samples were compared to improvement trial sample Dl, which contained 90 parts of Ansilex 93 and 10 parts Hydrocarb-CC as the composition of the basecoat.
- the samples had total basis weights ranging from 120 gsm to 135 gsm, for comparison in the heavy-weight (105-210 gsm) copying mode.
- the results showed that the improvement sample with the thermally insulating basecoat layer had maximum surface temperatures up to 10°C (18°F) cooler than the commercial products. This indicates that the improvement sample would have reduced blocking because, with lower sheet temperatures in the stacking tray, the toner would drop below its melting temperature T g more quickly.
- the power requirements for copying are also reduced by as much as 20%, thereby allowing increased throughput (copies/minute) .
- An alternative method would be to measure the current draw (amperage) on the fuser roll required to keep the roll surface at the setpoint .
- Output data from the comparative tests for all 21 improvement samples are summarized in Table I .
- the first column lists the sample names.
- the second column records the numerical integral of the area under the temperature vs . time curve for each sample.
- the third column records the average deviation in the values measured for each sample.
- the fourth, fifth, and sixth columns record the average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature in °C for each sample.
- the seventh column records the difference in the numerical integral for each sample as compared to the Enso 4CC sample. In the last three columns, relevant indicators for print performance are given. The optical density and the gloss were measured on the 100% black print area.
- the glossmeter was a Gadco Statistical Novogloss meter aimed at a 20° angle to the plane of the paper (i.e., 70° to the surface normal) .
- the lower angle allowed better discrimination of the print quality.
- the normalized ratio of gloss to density was also computed.
- the topcoat composition appeared to affect the thermal insulating properties as well as the coating porosity.
- the samples Al , El, Dl, Al(2), Bl(2), AND Cl(2) having similar topcoat compositions were compared for numerical integral values (°C-sec.) and integral values x % moisture ( °C-sec . %Moisture) as a function of weight % of calcined clay in the total sheet.
- a strong relationship was found to exist between lower numerical integral of temperature over time with greater weight % of calcined clay in the total sheet up to 10.5% (equal to about 60 parts of calcined clay) .
- the lower heat diffusivity indicates better thermal insulating properties.
- the results indicate that the calcined clay component (Ansilex 93) was the most important contributor to lower heat diffusivity, and that the Hydrocarb-CC fine ground calcium carbonate had better values than the Hydrocarb-60 coarse ground calcium carbonate.
- the heat diffusivity of the basecoat composed of 40/60 Ansilex- 93/Hydrocarb-CC was compared with 40/60 Ansilex-93/Hydrocarb-60 , and also to Ansilex- 93/Hyrdocarb-CC at 0.5 (50 parts) and 0.75 (75 parts) mass fractions.
- the basecoat composition has lower heat diffusivity (better thermal insulation) at higher mass fractions of the calcined clay and is more pronounced with fine ground calcium carbonate.
- the proportion of calcined clay (a higher cost component) in the basecoat can be optimized with insulating properties in the range of 60 to 65 parts calcined clay with 40 to 35 parts fine ground calcium carbonate (a lower cost component) .
- the print gloss is measured as a function of print density.
- the print density is proportional to the quantity /thickness of toner fused to the coated paper surface, and was altered by varying print darkness from the "light” setting to the “dark” setting. Comparing FIGS. 6A and 6C (high speed mode), there was a large variation in print gloss as the print density was changed. This was in contrast to FIGS. 6B and 6D (slow speed mode) where the response was flat. Most important was that at equal density (ca. 1.6) there is only a 45-48% loss in print gloss.
- Print gloss measurements with the 20 -degree glossmeter were much more sensitive to changes in the surface reflectance and smoothness than with a 75 -degree glossmeter (more representative of the normal viewing angle to the sheet) .
- a difference of 15-16% in 20-degree measured print gloss is equivalent to only 1-2% in 75-degree measured print gloss .
- the print quality of the multi-layer coated copy paper was within an acceptable range running in the high speed mode and the low speed mode .
- the results support the conclusion that the thermal properties of the improvement product allow acceptable print quality to be obtained even at higher throughput rates.
- Toner adhesion was also found to be equivalent for the high and low speed modes. It is believed that, due to the insulation properties of the basecoat, the thermal energy from the fusing rolls remain sufficiently on the sheet surface to promote melting and fusing of the toner so that it adheres to the coated paper surface .
- the use of a thermally insulating basecoat layer between the base paper layer and the top coat layer in coated copy paper promotes faster copying with heavier papers, avoids "blocking" in sheet stacking, better print quality, and eliminates blistering of paper as compared with commercially available coated papers lacking the basecoat layer.
- the basecoat layer acts as a thermally insulating layer which keeps residual heat from toner fusing near the topcoat layers and away from penetrating into the inner layers . This enables toner fusing with less energy input, which will allow greater throughput (copies/minute) with both standard and heavier paper weight grades.
- the benefits of increased throughput (copies/minute) and elimination of blocking can be extended to sheeted paper as well as paper running through the copier as a continuous web.
- the multi- layered product also provides approximately 10% higher sheet bulk and stiffness due to the lower nip loading required for sheet finishing during the gloss calendering process.
- the higher paper stiffness will improve runnability during paper feeding, transporting, and duplexing in both monochrome and color copiers, especially at higher feed rates (copies/minute) .
- the multi- layer coated copy paper also prevents the fusing process from transmitting excess heat into the base paper, thereby maintaining a higher temperature for a given energy input near the surface during toner fusing. This results in better print characteristics, measured in terms of print gloss and density.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99968179A EP1156930A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-23 | Multi-layer coated copy paper for improved printing and performance |
AU24852/00A AU2485200A (en) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-23 | Multi-layer coated copy paper for improved printing and performance |
NO20013292A NO20013292L (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2001-07-02 | Multilayered copy paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11426098P | 1998-12-30 | 1998-12-30 | |
US60/114,260 | 1998-12-30 | ||
US47104499A | 1999-12-22 | 1999-12-22 | |
US09/471,044 | 1999-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000040424A1 true WO2000040424A1 (en) | 2000-07-13 |
Family
ID=26811988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/030817 WO2000040424A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-23 | Multi-layer coated copy paper for improved printing and performance |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1156930A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2485200A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20013292L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000040424A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003106182A2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-24 | International Paper Company | High brightness coating compositions and related products |
WO2004018769A1 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-04 | International Paper Company | Coated paper comprising a coating with three different pigments |
WO2006118723A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | International Paper Company | Blister board with enhanced heat seal characteristics |
US7758690B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2010-07-20 | Imerys Minerals, Ltd. | Paper coating pigments |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4377612A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1983-03-22 | Monsanto Company | Electrographic recording material |
-
1999
- 1999-12-23 WO PCT/US1999/030817 patent/WO2000040424A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-23 AU AU24852/00A patent/AU2485200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-23 EP EP99968179A patent/EP1156930A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-07-02 NO NO20013292A patent/NO20013292L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4377612A (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1983-03-22 | Monsanto Company | Electrographic recording material |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7758690B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2010-07-20 | Imerys Minerals, Ltd. | Paper coating pigments |
WO2003106182A2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-24 | International Paper Company | High brightness coating compositions and related products |
US7608338B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2009-10-27 | International Paper Company | High brightness coating compositions and related products |
US8007920B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2011-08-30 | International Paper Company | High brightness coating compositions and related products |
WO2004018769A1 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-04 | International Paper Company | Coated paper comprising a coating with three different pigments |
US7018708B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2006-03-28 | International Paper Company | Gloss-coated paper with enhanced runnability and print quality |
WO2006118723A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | International Paper Company | Blister board with enhanced heat seal characteristics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1156930A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
NO20013292L (en) | 2001-08-28 |
NO20013292D0 (en) | 2001-07-02 |
AU2485200A (en) | 2000-07-24 |
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