WO2000038905A1 - Moulding process and apparatus - Google Patents

Moulding process and apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000038905A1
WO2000038905A1 PCT/IE1999/000143 IE9900143W WO0038905A1 WO 2000038905 A1 WO2000038905 A1 WO 2000038905A1 IE 9900143 W IE9900143 W IE 9900143W WO 0038905 A1 WO0038905 A1 WO 0038905A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mould
flexible material
lid
composite
flexible
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IE1999/000143
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Adrian Murtagh
Patrick Joseph Feerick
Original Assignee
Kingspan Research And Developments Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kingspan Research And Developments Limited filed Critical Kingspan Research And Developments Limited
Priority to AU17945/00A priority Critical patent/AU1794500A/en
Publication of WO2000038905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000038905A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a moulding process and in particular to a process for moulding of fibre-reinforced composite materials.
  • This invention is therefore directed towards providing an improved efficient moulding process for such composite materials.
  • thermoplastics material heating the mould internally to melt the thermoplastics material; maintaining the vacuum to consolidate the fibre-reinforced thermoplastics material;
  • the fibre is a reinforcing fibre of glass, carbon or other high tensile material.
  • the flexible material is a nylon bagging film or a silicon rubber sheet.
  • the composite material is a co-mingled glass fibre/thermoplastics material.
  • the thermoplastics material is selected from one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester or modified polyester.
  • thermoplastics material melts at a temperature of less than 230°C.
  • the mould is an open-topped mould.
  • the mould includes a top lid.
  • the lid forms part of the mould.
  • the lid includes heat insulation and/or heat reflecting means.
  • the lid includes a heat source.
  • the heat source may be infra-red lamps.
  • the heat source may include means for heating at least a portion of the surface of the lid.
  • the process may include circulating heated air over the flexible material.
  • the flexible film may be in the form of an inflatable bladder.
  • the process includes the step of interposing a breather material/release film between the flexible film and the composite material.
  • the invention provides moulding apparatus comprising a first mould part having embedded heating and/or cooling means, a flexible material for application over a composite thermoplastic material laid on the first mould part, sealing means for sealing the flexible material to the first mould part, and a vacuum port for drawing a vacuum between the flexible material and the first mould part for moulding the composite material.
  • the flexible material may have an integral heating means.
  • the apparatus includes means for directing heat to the flexible material.
  • the apparatus includes a second mould part or lid.
  • the lid may be at least partially lined with a heat reflective material.
  • the lid includes heat insulating means such as a block of heat insulation material.
  • the second mould part includes a heat source.
  • the heat source may comprise infra-red heating lamps.
  • the heat source is embedded in the second mould part.
  • the second mould part includes channels for delivery of heated and/or cooled air to the flexible material.
  • the apparatus includes circulating means, such as a fan for circulating heated air over the flexible material.
  • the flexible material is an inflatable bladder.
  • the apparatus may include a breather material and/or release film for interposing between the flexible material and the composite material.
  • the invention further provides a moulded article whenever produced by a process and/or using an apparatus of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view illustrating a moulding process of the invention
  • Figs. 2 to 6 are cross sectional views of modified moulding systems.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view illustrating the moulding of a composite material. Detailed Description
  • a mould 1 with a forming tool which in this case is of upwardly facing open channel shape.
  • the mould has internal heating means provided by heating wires 2 and internal cooling means provided by channels 3 through which a cooling fluid is circulated.
  • a composite material somewhat in the form of a cloth 4 is draped over the mould 1.
  • a flexible nylon bagging film or silicone rubber sheet 6 is then placed over the composite material 4 and sealed around the edges.
  • a vacuum V is then applied between the bagging film 6 and the mould 1. This causes the air to be evacuated from the area occupied by the composite material and a uniform vacuum pressure P of approximately 15 psi is applied over the surface of the composite sheet lay-up 4.
  • the mould 1 is then heated using the embedded electrical heating wires 2.
  • a vacuum is continuously applied to consolidate the thermoplastics material.
  • the thermoplastics melts to form a fluid with a low enough viscosity to flow within the lay-up and completely wet-out the fibres.
  • the temperature is reduced by forced cooling using a cooling fluid such as air circulated through the channels 3, the vacuum is removed and a fully moulded part is removed.
  • the composite material is a co-mingled glass fibre/polypropylene continuous fibre composite material.
  • the glass fibre During the drawing process for the glass fibre, fibres of polypropylene are interwoven with the glass fibres to form a continuous yarn. This yarn is then woven to form a "cloth" which is available in various weave forms, patterns and thicknesses.
  • Polyethylene and other similar thermoplastics materials may be used as an alternative to polypropylene.
  • One preferred product has been developed by Vetrotex S.A. of France and is available under the name Twintex from Europrojects Ltd, UK.
  • the moulding process of the invention provides a very efficient process for moulding such composite materials at relatively low temperature (typically approximately 200°C) and at low pressures. Energy efficiency is optimised as are the moulding cycle times required.
  • the mould may include a lid which is placed on the mould.
  • the lid may be flat to reflect heat onto the lay-up material.
  • a second heating source may also be provided.
  • Such a heat source may be an infra-red source or the like.
  • the mould includes a lid 20 which has a reflective foil 21.
  • the lid 20 is also insulated to further concentrate the heating effect.
  • a second heating source in the form of infra-red lamps 30 is provided.
  • the lid 35 has a surface which is heated by embedded heating wires 36 and a fan 37 is provided to circulate heated air and further improve the heating efficiency.
  • a silicon rubber sheet or bag 60 is placed over the composite material and is sealed around the edges.
  • a heating network is provided in the silicon rubber sheet or bag 60 to provide directed localised heating. Heating from both sides is advantageous, especially for relatively large wall thicknesses.
  • the lid includes channels 40 for circulation of heated air directly to the bladder 4.
  • FIG. 7 Another version is illustrated in Fig. 7 which is similar to the arrangement of Fig.
  • the material to be moulded is a composite material comprising a lower fabric skin 50, an upper fabric skin 51 and an intervening foam insulation layer 52.
  • the heating is arranged to heat only the upper and lower skins 50, 51 to avoid melting of the foam and thereby retaining its integrity.
  • the mould may be in two halves on which composite material is laid up.
  • An inflatable bladder may be provided in the mould in this case.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A mould (1) has internal heating wires (2) and channels (3) for circulation of a coolant. A composite material in the form of a cloth (4) of a co-mingled glass fibre/polypropylene continuous fibre composite is draped over the mould (1). A flexible nylon bagging film or silicone rubber sheet (6) is placed over the cloth of composite material (4) and sealed around the edges. A vacuum V is then applied between the film (6) and the mould. Air is evacuated from the area occupied by the composite material (4) and a uniform vacuum pressure P of typically 15psi is applied over the surface of the composite sheet (4). After heating and cooling the vacuum is removed and a fully moulded part is removed from the mould.

Description

MOULDING PROCESS AND APPARATUS
Introduction
The invention relates to a moulding process and in particular to a process for moulding of fibre-reinforced composite materials.
Various processes have been developed in an attempt to mould fibre -reinforced composite materials. To date, however, such processes have not been entirely satisfactory because of the complexity of the process and the energy inputs required.
This invention is therefore directed towards providing an improved efficient moulding process for such composite materials.
Statements of Invention
According to the invention there is provided a moulding process comprising the steps of:-
laying a continuous fibre composite material comprising a thermoplastics material co-mingled with fibre over a mould;
applying a flexible material over the composite sheet material;
applying a vacuum between the flexible material and the composite material to draw the flexible material onto the composite material over the contour of the mould;
heating the mould internally to melt the thermoplastics material; maintaining the vacuum to consolidate the fibre-reinforced thermoplastics material;
force cooling the mould internally to cool the thermoplastics material;
releasing the vacuum; and
removing a moulded article from the mould.
The fibre is a reinforcing fibre of glass, carbon or other high tensile material.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the flexible material is a nylon bagging film or a silicon rubber sheet.
Preferably the composite material is a co-mingled glass fibre/thermoplastics material. Usually, the thermoplastics material is selected from one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester or modified polyester.
Preferably, the thermoplastics material melts at a temperature of less than 230°C.
In one embodiment of the invention the mould is an open-topped mould.
In another embodiment the mould includes a top lid.
Preferably the lid forms part of the mould.
In one embodiment of the invention the lid includes heat insulation and/or heat reflecting means.
Preferably the lid includes a heat source. The heat source may be infra-red lamps. The heat source may include means for heating at least a portion of the surface of the lid.
The process may include circulating heated air over the flexible material.
The flexible film may be in the form of an inflatable bladder.
In one embodiment of the invention the process includes the step of interposing a breather material/release film between the flexible film and the composite material.
In another aspect the invention provides moulding apparatus comprising a first mould part having embedded heating and/or cooling means, a flexible material for application over a composite thermoplastic material laid on the first mould part, sealing means for sealing the flexible material to the first mould part, and a vacuum port for drawing a vacuum between the flexible material and the first mould part for moulding the composite material.
The flexible material may have an integral heating means.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the apparatus includes means for directing heat to the flexible material.
In one case the apparatus includes a second mould part or lid.
The lid may be at least partially lined with a heat reflective material.
Alternatively or additionally the lid includes heat insulating means such as a block of heat insulation material. In a preferred arrangement the second mould part includes a heat source. The heat source may comprise infra-red heating lamps. Alternatively the heat source is embedded in the second mould part. Preferably the second mould part includes channels for delivery of heated and/or cooled air to the flexible material.
In one embodiment of this aspect of the invention the apparatus includes circulating means, such as a fan for circulating heated air over the flexible material.
Preferably the flexible material is an inflatable bladder.
The apparatus may include a breather material and/or release film for interposing between the flexible material and the composite material.
The invention further provides a moulded article whenever produced by a process and/or using an apparatus of the invention.
Brief Description of Drawings
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description thereof given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawing in which :-
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view illustrating a moulding process of the invention;
Figs. 2 to 6 are cross sectional views of modified moulding systems; and
Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view illustrating the moulding of a composite material. Detailed Description
Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings there is illustrated a mould 1 with a forming tool which in this case is of upwardly facing open channel shape. The mould has internal heating means provided by heating wires 2 and internal cooling means provided by channels 3 through which a cooling fluid is circulated.
In a first step in the process of the invention a composite material somewhat in the form of a cloth 4 is draped over the mould 1. A flexible nylon bagging film or silicone rubber sheet 6 is then placed over the composite material 4 and sealed around the edges. A vacuum V is then applied between the bagging film 6 and the mould 1. This causes the air to be evacuated from the area occupied by the composite material and a uniform vacuum pressure P of approximately 15 psi is applied over the surface of the composite sheet lay-up 4.
The mould 1 is then heated using the embedded electrical heating wires 2. A vacuum is continuously applied to consolidate the thermoplastics material. The thermoplastics melts to form a fluid with a low enough viscosity to flow within the lay-up and completely wet-out the fibres. After a period of time (typically 20 to 30 minutes) the temperature is reduced by forced cooling using a cooling fluid such as air circulated through the channels 3, the vacuum is removed and a fully moulded part is removed.
Most preferably, the composite material is a co-mingled glass fibre/polypropylene continuous fibre composite material. During the drawing process for the glass fibre, fibres of polypropylene are interwoven with the glass fibres to form a continuous yarn. This yarn is then woven to form a "cloth" which is available in various weave forms, patterns and thicknesses. Polyethylene and other similar thermoplastics materials may be used as an alternative to polypropylene. One preferred product has been developed by Vetrotex S.A. of France and is available under the name Twintex from Europrojects Ltd, UK. The moulding process of the invention provides a very efficient process for moulding such composite materials at relatively low temperature (typically approximately 200°C) and at low pressures. Energy efficiency is optimised as are the moulding cycle times required.
It will be appreciated that in some cases the mould may include a lid which is placed on the mould. The lid may be flat to reflect heat onto the lay-up material. For thicker lay-up materials (e.g. greater than 4mm), a second heating source may also be provided. Such a heat source may be an infra-red source or the like.
Referring to Fig. 2, in this case the mould includes a lid 20 which has a reflective foil 21. The lid 20 is also insulated to further concentrate the heating effect.
Referring to Fig. 3, in this case a second heating source in the form of infra-red lamps 30 is provided.
In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 the lid 35 has a surface which is heated by embedded heating wires 36 and a fan 37 is provided to circulate heated air and further improve the heating efficiency.
Referring to Fig. 5, in this case a silicon rubber sheet or bag 60 is placed over the composite material and is sealed around the edges. A heating network is provided in the silicon rubber sheet or bag 60 to provide directed localised heating. Heating from both sides is advantageous, especially for relatively large wall thicknesses.
Referring to Fig. 6, in this case the lid includes channels 40 for circulation of heated air directly to the bladder 4.
Another version is illustrated in Fig. 7 which is similar to the arrangement of Fig.
5. In this case the material to be moulded is a composite material comprising a lower fabric skin 50, an upper fabric skin 51 and an intervening foam insulation layer 52. The heating is arranged to heat only the upper and lower skins 50, 51 to avoid melting of the foam and thereby retaining its integrity.
It will also be appreciated that the mould may be in two halves on which composite material is laid up. An inflatable bladder may be provided in the mould in this case.
Many variations on the specific embodiments of the invention described will be readily apparent and accordingly the invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described which may be varied in detail.

Claims

1. A moulding process comprising the steps of:-
laying a continuous fibre composite material comprising a thermoplastics material co-mingled with fibre over a mould;
applying a flexible material over the composite sheet material;
applying a vacuum between the flexible material and the composite material to draw the flexible material onto the composite material over the contour of the mould;
heating the mould internally to melt the thermoplastics material;
maintaining the vacuum to consolidate the fibre-reinforced thermoplastics material;
force cooling the mould internally to cool the thermoplastics material;
releasing the vacuum; and
removing a moulded article from the mould.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the flexible material is a nylon bagging film or a silicon rubber sheet.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the composite material is a co-mingled glass fibre/thermoplastics material.
4. A process as claimed in claim 3 wherein the thermoplastics material is selected from one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, or modified polyester.
5. A process as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the thermoplastics material melts at a temperature of less than 230°C.
6. A process as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the mould is an open- topped mould.
7. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the mould includes a top lid.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the lid forms part of the mould.
9. A process as claimed in claims 7 or 8 wherein the lid includes heat insulation and/ or heat reflecting means.
10. A process as claimed in any of claims 7 to 9 wherein the lid includes a heat source.
11. A process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the heat source is infra-red lamps.
12. A process as claimed in claim 10 wherein the heat source includes means for heating at least a portion of the surface of the lid.
13. A process as claimed in claim 12 including air circulating means for circulating heated air over the flexible material.
14. A process as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the flexible film is in the form of an inflatable bladder.
15. A process as claimed in any preceding claim including the step of interposing a breather material/release film between the flexible film and the composite material.
16. A moulding process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
17. A moulding apparatus for carrying out the process of any of claims 1 to 16.
18. Moulding apparatus comprising a first mould part having embedded heating and/or cooling means, a flexible material for application over a composite thermoplastic material laid on the first mould part, sealing means for sealing the flexible material to the first mould part, and a vacuum port for drawing a vacuum between the flexible material and the first mould part for moulding the composite material.
19. Apparatus as claimed in claim 18 including means for directing heat to the flexible material.
20. Apparatus as claimed in claim 18 or 19 wherein the flexible material has an integral heating means.
21. Apparatus as claimed in claim 19 or 20 including a second mould part or lid.
22. Apparatus as claimed in claim 21 wherein the lid is at least partially lined with a heat reflective material.
23. Apparatus as claimed in claim 21 or 22 wherein the lid includes heat insulating means such as a block of heat insulation material.
24. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 23 wherein the second mould part includes a heat source.
25. Apparatus as claimed in claim 24 wherein the heat source comprises infrared heating lamps.
26. Apparatus as claimed in claim 24 or 25 wherein the heat source is embedded in the second mould part.
27. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 26 wherein the second mould part includes channels for delivery of heated and/or cooled air to the flexible material.
28. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 27 including circulating means, such as a fan for circulating heated air over the flexible material.
29. Apparatus as claimed in an of claims 19 to 28 wherein the flexible material is an inflatable bladder.
30. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 19 to 29 including a breather material and/or release film for interposing between the flexible material and the composite material.
31. Moulding apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. A moulded article whenever produced by a process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 16 and/or using an apparatus as claimed in any of claims 17 to 31.
PCT/IE1999/000143 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Moulding process and apparatus WO2000038905A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU17945/00A AU1794500A (en) 1998-12-23 1999-12-23 Moulding process and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE981101 1998-12-23
IE981101 1998-12-23
IE990495 1999-06-15
IE990495 1999-06-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000038905A1 true WO2000038905A1 (en) 2000-07-06

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WO (1) WO2000038905A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100534783C (en) * 2006-03-15 2009-09-02 东原材料科技股份有限公司 Method of processing the surface of glass fiber strengthened plastic material
WO2011113432A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Ssp Technology A/S A heated mould and use of said mould for forming fibre reinforced composites
CN103899911A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-07-02 哈尔滨玻璃钢研究院 Integration composite molding method of composite material heat insulation supporting member
CN104162996A (en) * 2014-06-30 2014-11-26 江苏恒神纤维材料有限公司 A manufacturing process of a carbon-fibre composite material U-shaped part
FR3007317A1 (en) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-26 Salomon Sas METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLLOW OBJECT
CN104943199A (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-09-30 福特全球技术公司 Molding method and device of composite material
CN109834957A (en) * 2017-11-28 2019-06-04 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司 A kind of forming method and its molding die of prepreg
KR20220040056A (en) 2020-09-23 2022-03-30 주식회사 다산네트웍스 System for testing electronic control unit

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US4915896A (en) * 1987-09-01 1990-04-10 Phillips Petroleum Company Vacuum bagging process for fiber reinforced thermoplastics
EP0389798A2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 General Electric Company Process for impregnation of glass fiber reinforcement with thermoplastic resins and for producing articles from the impregnated glass fiber
EP0405261A2 (en) * 1989-06-26 1991-01-02 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Single diaphragm forming of drapeable resin impregnated composite materials
EP0865900A1 (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-23 Alternatives Energies Process for manufacturing large size articles from composite material and propeller blade, namely for windmills, produced using such a method

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4915896A (en) * 1987-09-01 1990-04-10 Phillips Petroleum Company Vacuum bagging process for fiber reinforced thermoplastics
EP0389798A2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 General Electric Company Process for impregnation of glass fiber reinforcement with thermoplastic resins and for producing articles from the impregnated glass fiber
EP0405261A2 (en) * 1989-06-26 1991-01-02 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Single diaphragm forming of drapeable resin impregnated composite materials
EP0865900A1 (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-23 Alternatives Energies Process for manufacturing large size articles from composite material and propeller blade, namely for windmills, produced using such a method

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100534783C (en) * 2006-03-15 2009-09-02 东原材料科技股份有限公司 Method of processing the surface of glass fiber strengthened plastic material
CN102844161B (en) * 2010-03-19 2015-12-09 Ssp科技公司 For the formation of heating mould and this mold use of fibre-reinforced composites
AU2010348959B2 (en) * 2010-03-19 2013-08-01 Ssp Technology A/S A heated mould and use of said mould for forming fibre reinforced composites
CN102844161A (en) * 2010-03-19 2012-12-26 Ssp科技公司 Heated mould and use of said mould for forming fibre reinforced composites
WO2011113432A1 (en) 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Ssp Technology A/S A heated mould and use of said mould for forming fibre reinforced composites
CN105377530A (en) * 2013-06-25 2016-03-02 萨洛蒙股份有限公司 Tire with pre-formed tread and method of making same
US10112357B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2018-10-30 Salomon S.A.S. Method for making a hollow object
CN105377530B (en) * 2013-06-25 2018-06-19 萨洛蒙股份有限公司 The manufacturing method of hollow bodY
FR3007317A1 (en) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-26 Salomon Sas METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HOLLOW OBJECT
WO2014207325A1 (en) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 Salomon S.A.S. Method for making a hollow object
CN104943199A (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-09-30 福特全球技术公司 Molding method and device of composite material
CN103899911A (en) * 2014-03-28 2014-07-02 哈尔滨玻璃钢研究院 Integration composite molding method of composite material heat insulation supporting member
CN104162996A (en) * 2014-06-30 2014-11-26 江苏恒神纤维材料有限公司 A manufacturing process of a carbon-fibre composite material U-shaped part
CN109834957A (en) * 2017-11-28 2019-06-04 深圳光启尖端技术有限责任公司 A kind of forming method and its molding die of prepreg
KR20220040056A (en) 2020-09-23 2022-03-30 주식회사 다산네트웍스 System for testing electronic control unit

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