WO2000029333A1 - A device for desalinizing sea water - Google Patents

A device for desalinizing sea water Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000029333A1
WO2000029333A1 PCT/CN1999/000185 CN9900185W WO0029333A1 WO 2000029333 A1 WO2000029333 A1 WO 2000029333A1 CN 9900185 W CN9900185 W CN 9900185W WO 0029333 A1 WO0029333 A1 WO 0029333A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stage
seawater
evaporator
pressure vessel
refrigeration
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1999/000185
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Yuanming Yi
Original Assignee
Yuanming Yi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuanming Yi filed Critical Yuanming Yi
Priority to AU11469/00A priority Critical patent/AU1146900A/en
Publication of WO2000029333A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000029333A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/008—Liquid distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B01D5/0039—Recuperation of heat, e.g. use of heat pump(s), compression
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to seawater desalination technology, and in particular to a negative temperature difference seawater desalination device that uses the energy possessed by the negative temperature difference between the amount of cold provided by artificial refrigeration and the natural normal temperature seawater itself. Description of the prior art
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new negative temperature difference seawater desalination device, which utilizes a large amount of cooling capacity provided by a pure phase-change athermal refrigerating device to efficiently refrigerate, and forms a low-temperature negative pressure condensation space. Temperature difference, under the state of negative pressure, it is vaporized into water vapor, so that the water vapor is condensed and liquefied into fresh water in the low-temperature negative pressure condensing space, and at the same time external cooling is provided.
  • a negative temperature difference seawater desalination device includes an evaporator that absorbs heat and vaporizes seawater, a condenser that condenses water vapor into liquid freshwater, and collects freshwater droplets and currents. Devices and pipelines, thereby forming a thermal phase change cycle of seawater desalination;
  • a multi-stage refrigeration cycle using pure phase-change athermal refrigeration technology which includes a first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle consisting of a refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a throttle, and an evaporator to provide the original refrigeration capacity.
  • a terminal heat-insulating pressure vessel connected with a working fluid infusion pipe and a heat-insulating return pipe behind the middle N-stage heat-insulating pressure vessel, together with seawater and freshwater drainage pumps and connecting pipes, said end heat-insulating pressure vessel is equipped with more than one tubular tubular middle N-stage Refrigeration evaporator, a seawater evaporator provided on the periphery of the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a fresh water condensation plate installed on the top of the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a fresh water
  • the siphon suction height is determined by the pressure and flow rate of the siphon outlet water required by the seawater evaporator inlet.
  • the seawater flows through the seawater evaporator to Seawater trough, which is connected by a water pipe to a water pump, and drains the cooled seawater to a cold user for external cooling, or re-drains deep into the sea;
  • the intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator is fitted with a fresh water condensation plate, and the intermediate N-stage refrigeration liquid working medium with an evaporation temperature of about 0 ° C absorbs heat and vaporizes from the fresh water condensation plate, and then returns to the previous stage heat preservation pressure through the heat insulation return pipe.
  • the condensing space in the container condenses and liquefies.
  • Negative pressure condensation space is formed in the terminal heat insulation pressure vessel.
  • the seawater flows from top to bottom in the seawater evaporator with a heat insulation layer.
  • the surface seawater in the seawater evaporator absorbs heat from itself and the inner seawater and vaporizes into water vapor.
  • the pipes are concentrated into the fresh water reservoir, and the fresh water reservoir is connected to the water pump.
  • Fresh water is pressurized and delivered to fresh water users by a pump.
  • the bottom condensing space in the end heat-preserving pressure vessel is connected to a moisture absorption drying box located in the middle-stage heat-preserving pressure vessel via a gas pipe. A small amount of air dissolved in seawater passes through The gas pipe enters the heat insulation pressure vessel at the middle level from the end of the heat insulation pressure vessel. After the water vapor is absorbed by the moisture absorption drying box, the temperature of the dry air entering the evaporator and the supercooled liquid working fluid condensation plate is
  • the low-temperature condensing space at about 200 ° C is continuously condensed and liquefied, and is accumulated in the liquid air tank for regular discharge, thereby effectively ensuring that a negative-pressure condensing space is formed stably in the terminal insulated pressure vessel;
  • the liquid refrigerant in the middle-stage attached evaporator absorbs heat and vaporizes from the dry air introduced from the end heat-retaining pressure vessel, and condenses through the heat-recovery return pipe to the condensation space in the first heat-retaining pressure vessel, and then liquefies it again;
  • the evaporation temperature of the first-stage refrigerant is the lowest, and then the evaporation temperature of each stage of the refrigerant is increased in stages.
  • the invention adopts a pure phase change heatless refrigeration technology, implements a multi-stage phase change to cool the refrigeration cycle, and reuses the amount of cooling provided by the previous stage refrigeration cycle to condense and liquefy the phase change of the working medium vapor in the refrigeration cycle of this stage to cool
  • the refrigeration cycle multiplies the original cooling capacity provided by the first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and takes out a large amount of cooling with a temperature of about O'C and a small amount of low-temperature deep cooling cooling with a high cooling efficiency;
  • Negative pressure condensing space condenses the water vapor formed by the evaporation of seawater's own heat under negative pressure conditions, realizes the desalination of negative temperature difference seawater, and can simultaneously provide external cooling.
  • Figure 1 is the first thermal insulation pressure vessel and the intermediate first-level protection in a negative temperature difference seawater desalination equipment. Schematic diagram of the structure of a warm pressure vessel, a middle-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel and a middle N-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal thermal insulation pressure vessel in the above seawater desalination equipment. Description of the embodiments
  • a refrigeration compressor 1, a condenser 2, a throttle 4, and an evaporator 6 are installed in a first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 to form a first-stage vapor compression cold cycle to provide an original refrigeration capacity.
  • the lower part of the first temperature-keeping pressure vessel 8 is filled with a liquid refrigerant working medium 14, and the refrigeration compressor 1 and the condenser 2 in the above-mentioned first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle are immersed in the liquid refrigerant working medium 14.
  • a subcooled liquid working medium condensing plate 17 is provided in the middle of the first heat preservation pressure container 8.
  • the working fluid pump 9 is connected to the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 through a suction pipe 18, and the other end of the working fluid pump 9 is connected to the working fluid infusion pipe 10.
  • the working fluid infusion pipe 10 is connected to the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 19 and the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 28 respectively.
  • the bottom of the intermediate-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel 20 is filled with a liquid refrigerant working medium 21, the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 19 and the subcooled liquid refrigerant cooling plate 17 are installed in the intermediate-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel 20.
  • the intermediate stage refrigeration evaporator 19 is composed of a working fluid infusion pipe 10, a working fluid pump 9, a liquid suction pipe 18, and a temperature-retaining air return pipe 11 which communicates with the condensing space in the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 to form a phase change for a cold refrigeration cycle.
  • a moisture absorption and drying box 47 and a liquid air tank 50 are installed at the lower part of the middle-stage heat insulation pressure container 24, and a baffle 53 is installed above the moisture absorption and drying box 47.
  • An intermediate stage primary evaporator 28 is installed on the upper part of the middle-stage heat insulation pressure vessel 24, and a subcooled liquid working medium condensation plate 17 is installed in the middle.
  • the middle-stage auxiliary evaporator 28 is composed of a working fluid infusion pipe 10, a working fluid pump 9, a liquid suction pipe 18, and a heat preservation return pipe 11 which communicates with the condensing space in the first heat preservation pressure vessel 8 to form a phase change for a cold refrigeration cycle.
  • One end of the mass pump 9 is connected to the intermediate-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel 20 through a suction pipe 18, and the working fluid pump 9 is connected to the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 through the working fluid transfer pipe 10.
  • an intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 In the intermediate N-stage heat-retaining and pressure vessel 13, an intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12, a subcooled liquid working medium condensing plate 17, and a liquid cooling working medium 22 are installed.
  • the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 is composed of a working fluid infusion pipe 10, a working fluid pump 9, a suction pipe 18, and an insulation return pipe 11, which communicates with the condensing space in the intermediate-stage insulation pressure vessel 20 to form a phase change for cold refrigeration. cycle. Referring to FIG.
  • one end of the working fluid pump is connected to the intermediate N-level thermal insulation pressure vessel 13 through a suction pipe 18, and the other end of the working fluid pump is connected to the middle N-level refrigeration evaporator in the end thermal insulation container 30 through the working fluid infusion pipe 25.
  • a seawater evaporator 34 is installed in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30.
  • a cover plate 54 is provided on the seawater evaporator 34, and a large number of ventilation holes 37 are provided on the cover plate 54.
  • a blocking plate 33 is provided above the ventilation holes 37.
  • the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 is affixed under the bottom plate of the fresh water condensing plate 31, and the fresh water collection tank 36 is connected to the fresh water condensing plate 31.
  • the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 is connected through the suction pipe 18 ", working medium pump",
  • the mass infusion pipe 25 and the heat preservation air return pipe 26 communicate with the condensing space in the intermediate N-stage heat preservation pressure vessel 13 to form a phase change for a cold refrigeration cycle.
  • the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 installed in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30 is connected with N units from bottom to top, and each unit includes an intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35, a seawater evaporator 34, a fresh water condensation plate 31, and fresh water. Collection tank 36 and connecting pipe.
  • a gas-conducting pipe 46 is provided in the lower-layer negative-pressure condensing space in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30, and the gas-conveying pipe 46 is connected to a moisture absorption drying box 47 located at the lower part of the middle-stage heat-preserving pressure vessel 24.
  • a small amount of air existing in the terminal insulated pressure vessel 30 enters the moisture absorption drying box 47 through the air pipe 46, and the dry air enters the middle-stage condensing space to condense into liquid air, falls back into the liquid air tank 50, and then is intermittently driven by the industrial shield pump 9, "through the suction pipe 18", sucked out from the liquid air tank 50, and after being pressurized, is discharged into the space through the working fluid infusion pipe 29.
  • the normal temperature seawater in the natural sea area 48 is sucked in from the surface of the natural sea area through the siphon 38, rises along the siphon 38, and enters the seawater evaporator 34 from the seawater inlet 52 above the seawater evaporator 34 in the end thermal insulation pressure vessel 30, and the normal temperature seawater absorbs heat from itself Under the negative pressure, it vaporizes into water vapor.
  • the water vapor enters the negative pressure condensing space in the terminal insulation pressure vessel 30 from the vent hole 37 on the seawater evaporator cover plate 54 and condenses into fresh water, thereby forming the final phase change for cold refrigeration. Cycle and desalination phase change thermodynamic cycle.
  • the fresh water droplets are collected by the fresh water collection tank 36, flow into the fresh water reservoir 41 through the water pipe 42 and the water pipe 40, and the fresh water liquid 39 is delivered to the fresh water user through the water pump 51, the suction pipe 55 and the water delivery pipe 49.
  • the cold seawater that has been cooled down in the seawater evaporator 34 and can no longer be evaporated flows into the seawater tank 32 located at the bottom of the end heat insulation pressure vessel 30 through the water channel in the seawater evaporator 34, and is pressurized by the suction pipe 44 and the water pump 43. 45 is discharged into the deep sea area, or the cooled seawater is sent as a refrigerant through the water pipe 45 to the cold user for external cooling.
  • the working process of the present invention is as follows:
  • the refrigeration compressor 1 is started to cool, and its heat is dissipated by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid refrigerant working medium 14, and its vapor enters the condensing space composed of the supercooled liquid working medium condensation plate 17 and the evaporator 6 from the vent pipe 16; At the same time, the liquid level regulator 23 automatically replenishes the upper liquid refrigerant working medium 14 of the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 to the lower layer through the liquid supply pipe 15.
  • the working medium vapor absorbs heat and vaporizes and refrigerates, and returns to the condensing space inside the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 through the heat-returning gas return pipe 11 to liquefy.
  • the middle-stage evaporator 28 absorbs heat and vaporizes from the dry air introduced from the end heat-preserving pressure vessel 30. And refrigerate, and return to the condensing space liquid in the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 through the heat-returning air return pipe 1 1.
  • the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 absorbs heat from the water vapor, vaporizes and refrigerates, and returns to the The gas pipe 26 returns to the intermediate N-stage heat-preserving pressure vessel 13 to condense and liquefy.
  • the seawater When negative pressure occurs in the terminal insulated pressure vessel 30, the seawater automatically enters the seawater evaporator 34 along the siphon 38, and at this time, the water pump 43 is started to discharge the seawater in the seawater tank 32.
  • the water pump 51 When the fresh water level in the fresh water reservoir 41 reaches or exceeds the storage limit, the water pump 51 is started to supply fresh water to water users.
  • a large or extra large desalination base can be built, and a wastewater treatment base for purifying industrial waste water or similar to industrial waste water can be built, which can provide pure fresh water to industrial and agricultural production and residents' life on a large scale and cheaply.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for desalinizing sea water by using negative difference in temperature. It is accomplished using the lot of cool quantity at about 0 degree centigrade and a little of cryogenic cool quantity from phase-changeable non heating refrigerating apparatus. The device is provided with a cryogenic and negative pressure condensing space. By using the heat from sea water at normal atmospheric temperature, the sea water is vaporized into aqueous vapor at the condition of negative difference in temperature and negative pressure. The aqueous vapor is condensed into fresh water in the cryogenic and negative pressure condensing space. The device is provided with a condensing space at about minus 200 degrees centigrade. The air dissolving in the sea water is liquidated. The device of this invention can also be used in treating industrial waste water and the like.

Description

负温差海水淡化设备 发明领域  FIELD OF THE INVENTION
本发明涉及海水淡化技术， 特别涉及一种利用人工制冷提供的冷量与 自然常温海水自身常温热量之间的负温差所具有的能量来淡化海水的负温 差海水淡化设备。 现有技术描述  The present invention relates to seawater desalination technology, and in particular to a negative temperature difference seawater desalination device that uses the energy possessed by the negative temperature difference between the amount of cold provided by artificial refrigeration and the natural normal temperature seawater itself. Description of the prior art
现有的海水淡化技术， 尤其是在工业与民用上广泛采用的海水淡化技 术， 通常采用利用燃烧矿物燃料或者其他热源提供的高温热量， 使海水在 常温常压下蒸发汽化， 然后收集其水蒸汽， 让其在常温环境中冷凝成淡水。 其缺点是消耗了矿物资源， 污染了自然环境， 并且生产成本过高， 难以满 足人类社会目前日益增长的淡水需求， 无法緩解全球普遍存在的淡水危机。 发明目的  Existing seawater desalination technologies, especially those widely used in industry and civil use, usually use high-temperature heat provided by burning fossil fuels or other heat sources to make seawater evaporate and vaporize at normal temperature and pressure, and then collect its water vapor , Allow it to condense into fresh water at normal temperature. Its disadvantages are that it consumes mineral resources, pollutes the natural environment, and is too expensive to meet the growing freshwater demand of human society, and cannot alleviate the global freshwater crisis. Object of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种新的负温差海水淡化设备， 利用纯相变无热 制冷装置高效制冷所提供的大量冷量， 形成低温负压冷凝空间， 同时利用 常温海水自身热量使海水在负温差， 负压状态下汽化成水蒸汽， 让水蒸汽 在低温负压冷凝空间冷凝液化成淡水， 同时对外供冷。 发明简述  The object of the present invention is to provide a new negative temperature difference seawater desalination device, which utilizes a large amount of cooling capacity provided by a pure phase-change athermal refrigerating device to efficiently refrigerate, and forms a low-temperature negative pressure condensation space. Temperature difference, under the state of negative pressure, it is vaporized into water vapor, so that the water vapor is condensed and liquefied into fresh water in the low-temperature negative pressure condensing space, and at the same time external cooling is provided. Brief description of the invention
本发明的技术解决方案如下：  The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种负温差海水淡化设备， 其基本部件与利用高温热量淡化海水的装 置相类似， 它包括使海水吸热汽化的蒸发器， 使水蒸汽冷凝成液态淡水的 冷凝器， 以及收集淡水水滴与水流的装置与管道， 由此构成海水淡化热力 相变循环；  A negative temperature difference seawater desalination device, the basic components of which are similar to the device for desalination of seawater using high-temperature heat, includes an evaporator that absorbs heat and vaporizes seawater, a condenser that condenses water vapor into liquid freshwater, and collects freshwater droplets and currents. Devices and pipelines, thereby forming a thermal phase change cycle of seawater desalination;
利用纯相变无热制冷技术的多级制冷循环， 它包括由制冷压缩机、 冷 凝器、 节流器和蒸发器组成的提供原始制冷量的首级蒸气压缩制冷循环装  A multi-stage refrigeration cycle using pure phase-change athermal refrigeration technology, which includes a first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle consisting of a refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a throttle, and an evaporator to provide the original refrigeration capacity.
- 1 - 确认本 置， 过冷液态工质冷凝板， 次一级液态制冷工质， 以及将上述部件均设置 在内的第一保温压力容器， 连同次一级工质泵及联接管； 包括装有中间一 级制冷蒸发器、 过冷液态工质冷凝板和下一级液态制冷工质的中间一级保 温压力容器， 连同下一级工质泵及联接管； 包括装有中间级制冷蒸发器、 过冷液态工质冷凝板、 制冷液态工质的中间 Ν级保温压力容器， 连同下一 级工质泵及联接管； -1-Confirmation Installation, subcooled liquid working fluid condensing plate, second-stage liquid refrigeration working medium, and the first heat-retaining pressure vessel with all of the above components, together with the second-stage working fluid pump and connecting pipe; Refrigeration evaporator, subcooled liquid refrigerant condensing plate and intermediate stage heat preservation pressure vessel of the next stage liquid refrigerant, together with the lower stage work fluid pump and connection pipe; including the intermediate stage refrigeration evaporator, subcooled liquid Working fluid condensing plate, intermediate N-level thermal insulation pressure vessel for refrigerating liquid working fluid, together with the working fluid pump and connecting pipe of the next level;
它还包括在第一保温压力容器与中间一级保温压力容器之间设备的中 间附一级保温压力容器， 连同工质泵及联接管， 所述中间附一级保温压力 容器内装有中间附一级制冷蒸发器， 位于中间附一级制冷蒸发器下方的水 平设置的过冷液态工质冷凝板， 以及在中间附一级保温压力容器的下部设 置的吸湿干燥箱和液态空气槽； 还包括位于中间 Ν级保温压力容器后面的 通过工质输液管和保温回气管连接的末端保温压力容器， 连同海水与淡水 排水泵以及联接管， 所述末端保温压力容器内装有一个以上盘管状中间 Ν 级制冷蒸发器， 在中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器的***设置的海水蒸发器， 在中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器的顶部贴合安装的淡水冷凝板， 与淡水冷凝板相连的淡水 收集槽， 以及位于末端保温压力容器底部的海水槽； 制冷循环构成同一热力相变循环， 该热力相变循环由虹吸管、 海水蒸发器、 中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器、 淡水冷凝板、 联接管、 水泵以及蒸发温度为 0°C的 中间 N级制冷液态工质所构成， 在淡化海水的同时， 对外供冷；  It also includes a middle-stage first-stage heat-insulation pressure vessel in the middle of the equipment between the first heat-insulation pressure vessel and the middle-stage heat-insulation pressure vessel, together with a working medium pump and a connecting pipe. A stage refrigeration evaporator, a horizontally-cooled subcooled liquid working medium condensing plate located below the stage 1 intermediate refrigeration evaporator, and a moisture absorption drying box and a liquid air tank provided below the stage 1 thermal insulation pressure vessel; A terminal heat-insulating pressure vessel connected with a working fluid infusion pipe and a heat-insulating return pipe behind the middle N-stage heat-insulating pressure vessel, together with seawater and freshwater drainage pumps and connecting pipes, said end heat-insulating pressure vessel is equipped with more than one tubular tubular middle N-stage Refrigeration evaporator, a seawater evaporator provided on the periphery of the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a fresh water condensation plate installed on the top of the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a fresh water collection tank connected to the fresh water condensation plate, and heat insulation at the end The seawater tank at the bottom of the pressure vessel; the refrigeration cycle constitutes the same thermal phase change cycle, and the heat The phase change cycle consists of a siphon, a seawater evaporator, an intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a fresh water condensation plate, a connecting pipe, a water pump, and an intermediate N-stage refrigerant liquid working medium with an evaporation temperature of 0 ° C. While desalination of seawater, Cooling
所述虹吸管一端连接自然海域表层， 另一端连接末端保温压力容器内 的海水蒸发器上端入口， 虹吸管吸水高程由海水蒸发器入水口所需虹吸管 出水压力与流速所决定， 海水流经海水蒸发器到海水槽， 海水槽由水管与 水泵连接， 将冷却后的海水排至用冷用户对外供冷， 或者重新排入海域深 层；  One end of the siphon is connected to the surface of the natural sea area, and the other end is connected to the upper inlet of the seawater evaporator in the thermal insulation pressure vessel at the end. The siphon suction height is determined by the pressure and flow rate of the siphon outlet water required by the seawater evaporator inlet. The seawater flows through the seawater evaporator to Seawater trough, which is connected by a water pipe to a water pump, and drains the cooled seawater to a cold user for external cooling, or re-drains deep into the sea;
所述中间 N级制冷蒸发器贴合安装淡水冷凝板， 蒸发温度为 0°C左右 的中间 N级制冷液态工质从淡水冷凝板吸热汽化后， 经保温回气管回到上 一级保温压力容器内冷凝空间冷凝液化， 中间 N级制冷蒸发器所提供的冷 量使末端保温压力容器内形成负压冷凝空间， 海水在附有隔热保温层的海 水蒸发器内由上而下地流动， 海水蒸发器内表层海水从自身与里层海水吸 热汽化成水蒸汽， 水蒸汽从海水蒸发器上部气孔进入末端保温压力容器内 负压冷凝空间， 在淡水冷凝板上、 下面凝结成淡水滴， 自动汇集到淡水槽， 管集中汇入淡水库， 淡水库与水泵连接， 淡水由水泵加压输送到淡水用户； 所述末端保温压力容器内的底层冷凝空间经输气管连接位于中间附一 级保温压力容器内的吸湿干燥箱， 被溶解在海水中的少量空气， 经输气管 从末端保温压力容器内进入中间附一级保温压力容器内， 经吸湿干燥箱吸 除水蒸汽后， 干空气进入由蒸发器与过冷液态工质冷凝板组成的温度为The intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator is fitted with a fresh water condensation plate, and the intermediate N-stage refrigeration liquid working medium with an evaporation temperature of about 0 ° C absorbs heat and vaporizes from the fresh water condensation plate, and then returns to the previous stage heat preservation pressure through the heat insulation return pipe. The condensing space in the container condenses and liquefies. Negative pressure condensation space is formed in the terminal heat insulation pressure vessel. The seawater flows from top to bottom in the seawater evaporator with a heat insulation layer. The surface seawater in the seawater evaporator absorbs heat from itself and the inner seawater and vaporizes into water vapor. Water vapor enters the negative pressure condensing space in the terminal insulation pressure vessel from the upper air hole of the seawater evaporator, condenses into fresh water droplets on and under the fresh water condensation plate, and automatically collects into the fresh water tank. The pipes are concentrated into the fresh water reservoir, and the fresh water reservoir is connected to the water pump. Fresh water is pressurized and delivered to fresh water users by a pump. The bottom condensing space in the end heat-preserving pressure vessel is connected to a moisture absorption drying box located in the middle-stage heat-preserving pressure vessel via a gas pipe. A small amount of air dissolved in seawater passes through The gas pipe enters the heat insulation pressure vessel at the middle level from the end of the heat insulation pressure vessel. After the water vapor is absorbed by the moisture absorption drying box, the temperature of the dry air entering the evaporator and the supercooled liquid working fluid condensation plate is
- 200 °C左右的低温冷凝空间， 被不断冷凝液化， 积存在液态空气槽内定期 外排， 从而有效地保证末端保温压力容器内稳定形成负压冷凝空间； -The low-temperature condensing space at about 200 ° C is continuously condensed and liquefied, and is accumulated in the liquid air tank for regular discharge, thereby effectively ensuring that a negative-pressure condensing space is formed stably in the terminal insulated pressure vessel;
所述中间附一级蒸发器内的液态制冷工质从由末端保温压力容器内导 入的干燥空气中吸热汽化， 经保温回气管到第一保温压力容器内冷凝空间 冷凝， 重新液化；  The liquid refrigerant in the middle-stage attached evaporator absorbs heat and vaporizes from the dry air introduced from the end heat-retaining pressure vessel, and condenses through the heat-recovery return pipe to the condensation space in the first heat-retaining pressure vessel, and then liquefies it again;
首级制冷工质蒸发温度最低， 然后依级次排列顺序各级制冷工质蒸发 温度逐级升高。  The evaporation temperature of the first-stage refrigerant is the lowest, and then the evaporation temperature of each stage of the refrigerant is increased in stages.
本发明采用纯相变无热制冷技术， 实行多级相变以冷制冷循环， 重复 利用上一级制冷循环所提供的冷量来冷凝液化本级制冷循环中的工质蒸气 的相变以冷制冷循环， 将首级蒸气压缩制冷循环所提供的原始冷量高倍扩 增， 以高倍的制冷效率制取出大量温度为 O 'C左右的冷量与少量低温深冷 冷量； 利用上述冷量制造负压冷凝空间， 冷凝在负压状况下依靠海水自身 热量汽化所形成的水蒸汽， 实现负温差海水淡化， 并可同时对外供冷。 本 下面结合附图对本发明作详细描述。 附图说明  The invention adopts a pure phase change heatless refrigeration technology, implements a multi-stage phase change to cool the refrigeration cycle, and reuses the amount of cooling provided by the previous stage refrigeration cycle to condense and liquefy the phase change of the working medium vapor in the refrigeration cycle of this stage to cool The refrigeration cycle multiplies the original cooling capacity provided by the first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and takes out a large amount of cooling with a temperature of about O'C and a small amount of low-temperature deep cooling cooling with a high cooling efficiency; Negative pressure condensing space, condenses the water vapor formed by the evaporation of seawater's own heat under negative pressure conditions, realizes the desalination of negative temperature difference seawater, and can simultaneously provide external cooling. The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图 1 是一种负温差海水淡化设备中的第一保温压力容器、 中间一级保 温压力容器、 中间附一级保温压力容器和中间 Ν级保温压力容器的结构示 意图。 Figure 1 is the first thermal insulation pressure vessel and the intermediate first-level protection in a negative temperature difference seawater desalination equipment. Schematic diagram of the structure of a warm pressure vessel, a middle-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel and a middle N-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel.
图 2是上述海水淡化设备中的末端保温压力容器的结构示意图。 实施例的描述  FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal thermal insulation pressure vessel in the above seawater desalination equipment. Description of the embodiments
参看图 1 , 在第一保温压力容器 8内安装制冷压缩机 1、 冷凝器 2、 节 流器 4 和蒸发器 6， 组成首级蒸气压缩冷循环， 提供原始制冷量。 第一保 温压力容器 8的下部充注液态制冷工质 14, 上述首级蒸气压缩制冷循环中 的制冷压缩机 1和冷凝器 2被浸泡在液态制冷工质 14中。 第一保温压力容 器 8的中部设置过冷液态工质冷凝板 17。 工质泵 9通过吸液管 18与第一 保温压力容器 8连接， 工质泵 9的另一端连接工质输液管 10。 工质输液管 10分别与中间一级制冷蒸发器 19、 中间附一级制冷蒸发器 28连接。  Referring to FIG. 1, a refrigeration compressor 1, a condenser 2, a throttle 4, and an evaporator 6 are installed in a first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 to form a first-stage vapor compression cold cycle to provide an original refrigeration capacity. The lower part of the first temperature-keeping pressure vessel 8 is filled with a liquid refrigerant working medium 14, and the refrigeration compressor 1 and the condenser 2 in the above-mentioned first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle are immersed in the liquid refrigerant working medium 14. A subcooled liquid working medium condensing plate 17 is provided in the middle of the first heat preservation pressure container 8. The working fluid pump 9 is connected to the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 through a suction pipe 18, and the other end of the working fluid pump 9 is connected to the working fluid infusion pipe 10. The working fluid infusion pipe 10 is connected to the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 19 and the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 28 respectively.
中间一级保温压力容器 20 的底部灌注液态制冷工质 21 , 中间一级制 冷蒸发器 19和过冷液态工质冷凝板 17均安装在中间一级保温压力容器 20 内。 中间一级制冷蒸发器 19 由工质输液管 10、 工质泵 9、 吸液管 18、 保 温回气管 11与第一保温压力容器 8内冷凝空间连通， 形成相变以冷制冷循 环。  The bottom of the intermediate-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel 20 is filled with a liquid refrigerant working medium 21, the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 19 and the subcooled liquid refrigerant cooling plate 17 are installed in the intermediate-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel 20. The intermediate stage refrigeration evaporator 19 is composed of a working fluid infusion pipe 10, a working fluid pump 9, a liquid suction pipe 18, and a temperature-retaining air return pipe 11 which communicates with the condensing space in the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 to form a phase change for a cold refrigeration cycle.
中间附一级保温压力容器 24的下部安装吸湿干燥箱 47和液态空气槽 50, 在吸湿干燥箱 47的上方安装挡板 53。 中间附一级保温压力容器 24的 上部安装中间附一级蒸发器 28, 其中间安装过冷液态工质冷凝板 17。 中间 附一级蒸发器 28由工质输液管 10、 工质泵 9、 吸液管 18、 保温回气管 11 与第一保温压力容器 8内冷凝空间连通， 形成相变以冷制冷循环。  A moisture absorption and drying box 47 and a liquid air tank 50 are installed at the lower part of the middle-stage heat insulation pressure container 24, and a baffle 53 is installed above the moisture absorption and drying box 47. An intermediate stage primary evaporator 28 is installed on the upper part of the middle-stage heat insulation pressure vessel 24, and a subcooled liquid working medium condensation plate 17 is installed in the middle. The middle-stage auxiliary evaporator 28 is composed of a working fluid infusion pipe 10, a working fluid pump 9, a liquid suction pipe 18, and a heat preservation return pipe 11 which communicates with the condensing space in the first heat preservation pressure vessel 8 to form a phase change for a cold refrigeration cycle.
在质泵 9，一端通过吸液管 18，连接中间一级保温压力容器 20， 工质泵 9，另一端通过工质输液管 10，与中间级制冷蒸发器 12连接。 在中间 Ν级保 温压力容器 13 内， 安装中间级制冷蒸发器 12、 过冷液态工质冷凝板 17和 液态制冷工质 22。 中间级制冷蒸发器 12由工质输液管 10，、 工质泵 9，、 吸 液管 18，、 保温回气管 11，与中间一级保温压力容器 20 内冷凝空间连通， 形成相变以冷制冷循环。 参看图 2,工质泵 "一端通过吸液管 18"连接中间 N级保温压力容器 13， 工质泵 "另一端通过工质输液管 25与末端保温力容器 30 内的中间 N级制 冷蒸发器 35连接。 在末端保温压力容器 30内安装海水蒸发器 34， 海水蒸 发器 34上装有盖板 54， 该盖板 54上开设有大量通气孔 37, 在通气孔 37 的上方装有拦盖板 33。 中间 N级制冷蒸发器 35盘贴在淡水冷凝板 31的底 板下面， 淡水收集槽 36与淡水冷凝板 31相连。 中间 N级制冷蒸发器 35 通过吸液管 18"、 工质泵"、 工质输液管 25、 保温回气管 26与中间 N级保 温压力容器 13内冷凝空间连通， 形成相变以冷制冷循环。 One end of the mass pump 9 is connected to the intermediate-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel 20 through a suction pipe 18, and the working fluid pump 9 is connected to the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 through the working fluid transfer pipe 10. In the intermediate N-stage heat-retaining and pressure vessel 13, an intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12, a subcooled liquid working medium condensing plate 17, and a liquid cooling working medium 22 are installed. The intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 is composed of a working fluid infusion pipe 10, a working fluid pump 9, a suction pipe 18, and an insulation return pipe 11, which communicates with the condensing space in the intermediate-stage insulation pressure vessel 20 to form a phase change for cold refrigeration. cycle. Referring to FIG. 2, one end of the working fluid pump is connected to the intermediate N-level thermal insulation pressure vessel 13 through a suction pipe 18, and the other end of the working fluid pump is connected to the middle N-level refrigeration evaporator in the end thermal insulation container 30 through the working fluid infusion pipe 25. 35. A seawater evaporator 34 is installed in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30. A cover plate 54 is provided on the seawater evaporator 34, and a large number of ventilation holes 37 are provided on the cover plate 54. A blocking plate 33 is provided above the ventilation holes 37. The middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 is affixed under the bottom plate of the fresh water condensing plate 31, and the fresh water collection tank 36 is connected to the fresh water condensing plate 31. The middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 is connected through the suction pipe 18 ", working medium pump", The mass infusion pipe 25 and the heat preservation air return pipe 26 communicate with the condensing space in the intermediate N-stage heat preservation pressure vessel 13 to form a phase change for a cold refrigeration cycle.
末端保温压力容器 30内安装的中间 N级制冷蒸发器 35由下而上地连 接设置 N个单元，每个单元均包括中间 N级制冷蒸发器 35、海水蒸发器 34、 淡水冷凝板 31、 淡水收集槽 36及联接管。  The middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 installed in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30 is connected with N units from bottom to top, and each unit includes an intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35, a seawater evaporator 34, a fresh water condensation plate 31, and fresh water. Collection tank 36 and connecting pipe.
末端保温压力容器 30 内的下层负压冷凝空间设有输气管 46, 输气管 46与位于中间附一级保温压力容器 24下部的吸湿干燥箱 47连接。 末端保 温压力容器 30内存在的少量空气经输气管 46进入吸湿干燥箱 47, 干空气 进入中间附一级冷凝空间冷凝成液态空气， 回落在液态空气槽 50内， 然后 间隙性地由工盾泵 9，"通过吸液管 18"，从液态空气槽 50吸出， 加压后经工 质输液管 29排向空间。  A gas-conducting pipe 46 is provided in the lower-layer negative-pressure condensing space in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30, and the gas-conveying pipe 46 is connected to a moisture absorption drying box 47 located at the lower part of the middle-stage heat-preserving pressure vessel 24. A small amount of air existing in the terminal insulated pressure vessel 30 enters the moisture absorption drying box 47 through the air pipe 46, and the dry air enters the middle-stage condensing space to condense into liquid air, falls back into the liquid air tank 50, and then is intermittently driven by the industrial shield pump 9, "through the suction pipe 18", sucked out from the liquid air tank 50, and after being pressurized, is discharged into the space through the working fluid infusion pipe 29.
自然海域 48 内常温海水， 从自然海域表层经虹吸管 38吸入， 沿着虹 吸管 38上升， 从末端保温压力容器 30内海水蒸发器 34的上方海水入口 52 进入海水蒸发器 34, 常温海水从自身吸热， 在负压下汽化成水蒸汽， 水蒸 汽从海水蒸发器盖板 54上的通气孔 37进入末端保温压力容器 30内负压冷 凝空间， 冷凝成淡水， 由此形成末级相变以冷制冷循环与海水淡化相变热 力循环。 淡水水滴由淡水收集槽 36汇集， 经水管 42和水管 40流入淡水库 41 , 淡水液 39经水泵 51、 吸水管 55和输水管 49输往淡水用户。  The normal temperature seawater in the natural sea area 48 is sucked in from the surface of the natural sea area through the siphon 38, rises along the siphon 38, and enters the seawater evaporator 34 from the seawater inlet 52 above the seawater evaporator 34 in the end thermal insulation pressure vessel 30, and the normal temperature seawater absorbs heat from itself Under the negative pressure, it vaporizes into water vapor. The water vapor enters the negative pressure condensing space in the terminal insulation pressure vessel 30 from the vent hole 37 on the seawater evaporator cover plate 54 and condenses into fresh water, thereby forming the final phase change for cold refrigeration. Cycle and desalination phase change thermodynamic cycle. The fresh water droplets are collected by the fresh water collection tank 36, flow into the fresh water reservoir 41 through the water pipe 42 and the water pipe 40, and the fresh water liquid 39 is delivered to the fresh water user through the water pump 51, the suction pipe 55 and the water delivery pipe 49.
海水蒸发器 34 内已经降温冷却并且再无法汽化蒸发的冷海水， 经海 水蒸发器 34内水道流入位于末端保温压力容器 30底部的海水槽 32, 再经 吸水管 44和水泵 43加压后由水管 45排入海域深层， 或者将冷却后的海水 作为载冷剂通过水管 45送入用冷用户对外供冷。 本发明的工作流程如下： The cold seawater that has been cooled down in the seawater evaporator 34 and can no longer be evaporated, flows into the seawater tank 32 located at the bottom of the end heat insulation pressure vessel 30 through the water channel in the seawater evaporator 34, and is pressurized by the suction pipe 44 and the water pump 43. 45 is discharged into the deep sea area, or the cooled seawater is sent as a refrigerant through the water pipe 45 to the cold user for external cooling. The working process of the present invention is as follows:
启动制冷压缩机 1 制冷， 其热量由液态制冷工质 14 汽化潜热消热， 其蒸气从通气管 16进入由过冷液态工质冷凝板 17与蒸发器 6所组成的冷 凝空间冷凝液化； 与此同时， 液位调节器 23 自动将第一保温压力容器 8的 上层液态制冷工质 14通过补液管 15补充到下层。  The refrigeration compressor 1 is started to cool, and its heat is dissipated by the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid refrigerant working medium 14, and its vapor enters the condensing space composed of the supercooled liquid working medium condensation plate 17 and the evaporator 6 from the vent pipe 16; At the same time, the liquid level regulator 23 automatically replenishes the upper liquid refrigerant working medium 14 of the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 to the lower layer through the liquid supply pipe 15.
启动工质泵 9, 让液态制冷工质 14经吸液管 18和工质输液管 10进入 中间一级蒸发器 19和中间附一级蒸发器 28, 中间一级蒸发器 19从下一级 制冷工质蒸气中吸热汽化并制冷， 并经保温回气管 11回到第一保温压力容 器 8 内冷凝空间液化， 中间附一级蒸发器 28从末端保温压力容器 30导入 的干空气中吸热汽化并制冷， 并经保温回气管 1 1 回到第一保温压力容器 8 内冷凝空间液 ^。  Start the working fluid pump 9 and let the liquid refrigerant working fluid 14 enter the middle stage evaporator 19 and the middle stage evaporator 28 through the suction pipe 18 and the working fluid infusion pipe 10, and the middle stage evaporator 19 is cooled from the next stage The working medium vapor absorbs heat and vaporizes and refrigerates, and returns to the condensing space inside the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 through the heat-returning gas return pipe 11 to liquefy. The middle-stage evaporator 28 absorbs heat and vaporizes from the dry air introduced from the end heat-preserving pressure vessel 30. And refrigerate, and return to the condensing space liquid in the first heat-preserving pressure vessel 8 through the heat-returning air return pipe 1 1.
启动工质泵 9，， 让液态制冷工质 21 经吸液管 18，和工质输液管 10，进 入中间级制冷蒸发器 12, 中间级制冷蒸发器 12从中间 Ν级制冷工质蒸气 中吸热汽化并制冷， 并经保温回气管 I I，回到中间一级保温压力容器 20 内 冷凝空间冷凝液化。  Start the working medium pump 9 and let the liquid refrigerant working medium 21 enter the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 through the suction pipe 18 and the working fluid infusion pipe 10, and the intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator 12 sucks the vapor from the intermediate N-stage refrigerant. The heat is vaporized and refrigerated, and condensed and liquefied in the condensing space in the intermediate-stage heat-retaining pressure vessel 20 through the heat-returning gas return pipe II.
启动工质泵 9", 让液态制冷工质 22进入末端保温压力容器 30内的中 间 Ν级制冷蒸发器 35, 中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器 35从水蒸汽中吸热汽化并制 冷， 并经保温回气管 26回到中间 Ν级保温压力容器 13 内冷凝空间冷凝液 化。  Start the working medium pump 9 "to allow the liquid refrigerant working medium 22 to enter the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel 30. The middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator 35 absorbs heat from the water vapor, vaporizes and refrigerates, and returns to the The gas pipe 26 returns to the intermediate N-stage heat-preserving pressure vessel 13 to condense and liquefy.
当末端保温压力容器 30 内出现负压后， 海水自动沿虹吸管 38进入海 水蒸发器 34, 此时启动水泵 43将海水槽 32内的海水排出。  When negative pressure occurs in the terminal insulated pressure vessel 30, the seawater automatically enters the seawater evaporator 34 along the siphon 38, and at this time, the water pump 43 is started to discharge the seawater in the seawater tank 32.
当淡水库 41 内淡水位达到或超过储存限度时， 启动水泵 51， 向用水 用户供应淡水。  When the fresh water level in the fresh water reservoir 41 reaches or exceeds the storage limit, the water pump 51 is started to supply fresh water to water users.
按照本发明的技术可以建成大型或特大型海水淡化基地， 也可以建成 净化工业废水或者类似于工业废水的废水处理基地， 可大规模地、 廉价地 向工农业生产及居民生活提供纯净淡水。  According to the technology of the present invention, a large or extra large desalination base can be built, and a wastewater treatment base for purifying industrial waste water or similar to industrial waste water can be built, which can provide pure fresh water to industrial and agricultural production and residents' life on a large scale and cheaply.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1. 一种负温差海水淡化设备， 其基本部件与利用高温热量淡化海水 的装置相类似， 它包括使海水吸热汽化的蒸发器， 使水蒸汽冷凝成液态淡 水的冷凝器， 以及收集淡水水滴与水流的装置与管道， 由此构成海水淡化 热力相变循环； 1. A negative temperature difference seawater desalination device, the basic components of which are similar to the device for desalination of seawater with high temperature heat, including an evaporator that absorbs and vaporizes seawater, a condenser that condenses water vapor into liquid freshwater, and collects freshwater droplets Devices and pipelines with water flow, thereby forming a thermal phase change cycle of seawater desalination;
利用纯相变无热制冷技术的多级制冷循环， 它包括由制冷压缩机。 冷 凝器、 节流器和蒸发器组成的提供原始制冷量的首级蒸气压缩制冷循环装 置， 过冷液态工质冷凝板， 次一级液态制冷工质， 以及将上述部件均设置 在内的第一保温压力容器， 连同次一级工质泵及联接管； 包括装有中间一 级制冷蒸发器、 过冷液态工质冷凝板和下一级液态制冷工质的中间一级保 温压力容器， 连同下一级工质泵及联接管； 包括装有中间级制冷蒸发器、 过冷液态工质冷凝板、 制冷液态工质的中间 Ν级保温压力容器， 连同下一 级工质泵及联接管；  A multi-stage refrigeration cycle using pure phase-change athermal refrigeration technology, which consists of a refrigeration compressor. A first-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle device consisting of a condenser, a restrictor, and an evaporator that provides the original cooling capacity, a subcooled liquid working fluid condensing plate, a second-stage liquid refrigeration working fluid, and a first-stage liquid refrigeration working fluid. A heat preservation pressure vessel, together with a secondary stage working fluid pump and a connecting pipe; including an intermediate stage heat preservation pressure vessel equipped with an intermediate stage refrigeration evaporator, a subcooled liquid refrigerant condensing plate, and a lower stage liquid refrigerant working fluid, together with The lower-stage working fluid pump and connection pipe; includes an intermediate N-stage thermal insulation pressure vessel equipped with an intermediate-stage refrigeration evaporator, a subcooled liquid working fluid condensing plate, and a refrigerated liquid working fluid, together with the lower-stage working fluid pump and the connecting pipe;
其特征在于， 它还包括在第一保温压力容器与中间一级保温压力容器 之间设置的中间附一级保温压力容器， 连同工质泵及联接管， 所述中间附 一级保温压力容器内装有中间附一级制冷蒸发器， 位于中间附一级制冷蒸 发器下方的水平设置的过冷液态工质冷凝板， 以及在中间附一级保温压力 容器的下部设置的吸湿干燥箱和液态空气槽； 还包括位于中间 Ν级保温压 力容器后面的通过工质输液管和保温回气管连接的末端保温压力容器， 连 同海水与淡水排水泵以及联接管， 所述末端保温压力容器内装有一个以上 盘管状中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器， 在中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器的***设置的海水蒸 发器， 在中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器的顶部贴合安装的淡水冷凝板， 与淡水冷凝 板相连的淡水收集槽， 以及位于末端保温压力容器底部的海水槽；  It is characterized in that it further comprises an intermediate-stage first-stage heat-insulation pressure vessel provided between the first thermal-insulation pressure vessel and the intermediate-stage one-stage heat-insulation pressure vessel, together with a working medium pump and a connecting pipe, the intermediate-stage first-stage heat-insulation pressure vessel is installed inside There is a middle-stage first-stage refrigeration evaporator, a horizontal subcooled liquid working fluid condensing plate located below the middle-stage first-stage refrigeration evaporator, and a moisture absorption drying box and a liquid air tank provided at the lower part of the middle-stage first-stage heat preservation pressure vessel. ; It also includes a terminal heat preservation pressure vessel connected with a working fluid infusion pipe and a heat preservation air return pipe behind the middle N-stage heat preservation pressure vessel, together with seawater and freshwater drainage pumps and connecting pipes, and the end heat preservation pressure vessel is equipped with more than one coil. A middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a seawater evaporator provided on the periphery of the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a fresh water condensation plate installed on the top of the middle N-stage refrigeration evaporator, and a fresh water collection tank connected to the fresh water condensation plate, And a seawater tank at the bottom of the end insulated pressure vessel;
所述海水淡化热力相变循环与所述纯相变无热制冷中的末级相变以冷 制冷循环构成同一热力相变循环， 该热力相变循环由虹吸管、 海水蒸发器、 中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器、 淡水冷凝板、 联接管、 水泵以及蒸发温度为 0°C的 中间 N级制冷液态工廣所构成， 在淡化海水的同时， 对外供冷； 所述虹吸管一端连接自然海域表层， 另一端连接末端保温压力容器内 的海水蒸发器上端入口， 虹吸管吸水高程由海水蒸发器入水口所需虹吸管 出水压力与流速所决定， 海水流经海水蒸发器到海水槽， 海水槽由水管与 水泵连接， 将冷却后的海水排至用冷用户对外供冷， 或者重新排入海域深 层； The seawater desalination thermal phase change cycle and the final phase change in the pure phase change athermal refrigeration constitute the same thermal phase change cycle with a cold refrigeration cycle. The thermal phase change cycle consists of a siphon, a seawater evaporator, and an intermediate N-stage refrigeration. It consists of an evaporator, a fresh water condensation plate, a connecting pipe, a water pump, and an intermediate N-class refrigeration liquid industrial plant with an evaporation temperature of 0 ° C. While desalination of seawater, it provides external cooling; One end of the siphon is connected to the surface of the natural sea area, and the other end is connected to the upper inlet of the seawater evaporator in the thermal insulation pressure vessel at the end. The siphon suction height is determined by the pressure and flow rate of the siphon outlet water required by the seawater evaporator inlet. The seawater flows through the seawater evaporator to Seawater trough, which is connected by a water pipe to a water pump, and drains the cooled seawater to a cold user for external cooling, or re-drains deep into the sea;
所述中间 Ν级制冷蒸发器贴合安装淡水冷凝板， 蒸发温度为 0°C左右 的中间 N级制冷液态工质从淡水冷凝板吸热汽化后， 经保温回气管回到上 一级保温压力容器内冷凝空间冷凝液化， 中间 N级制冷蒸发器所提供的冷 量使末端保温压力容器内形成负压冷凝空间， 海水在附有隔热保温层的海 水蒸发器内由上而下地流动， 海水蒸发器内表层海水从自身与里层海水吸 热汽化， 形成水蒸汽， 水蒸汽从海水蒸发器上部气孔进入末端保温压力容 器内负压冷凝空间， 在淡水冷凝板上、 下面凝结成淡水滴， 自动汇集到淡 经淡水管集中汇入淡水库， 淡水库与水泵连接， 淡水由水泵加压输送到淡 水用户；  The intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator is fitted with a fresh water condensation plate, and the intermediate N-stage refrigeration liquid working medium with an evaporation temperature of about 0 ° C absorbs heat from the fresh water condensation plate and vaporizes, and then returns to the previous stage heat preservation pressure through the heat insulation return pipe. The condensing space in the container is condensed and liquefied. The cold capacity provided by the intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator makes a negative pressure condensation space in the terminal heat preservation pressure vessel. The seawater flows from top to bottom in the seawater evaporator with a thermal insulation layer. The surface seawater in the evaporator absorbs heat and vaporizes from itself and the inner seawater to form water vapor. The water vapor enters the negative pressure condensation space in the terminal heat preservation pressure vessel from the upper air hole of the seawater evaporator, and condenses into fresh water droplets on and below the freshwater condensation plate. Automatically collect freshwater into freshwater reservoir through freshwater pipe, and the freshwater reservoir is connected with water pump, and freshwater is pumped to freshwater user by pump;
所述末端保温压力容器内的底层冷凝空间经输气管连接位于中间附一 级保温压力容器内的吸湿干燥箱， 被溶解在海水中的少量空气， 经输气管 从末端保温压力容器内进入中间附一级保温压力容器内， 经吸湿干燥箱吸 除水蒸汽后， 干空气进入由蒸发器与过冷液态工质冷凝板组成的温度为 - 20(TC左右的低温冷凝空间， 被不断冷凝液化， 积存在液态空气槽内定期 外排， 从而有效地保证末端保温压力容器内稳定形成负压冷凝空间；  The bottom condensing space in the terminal insulated pressure vessel is connected to a moisture absorption drying box located in the intermediate-stage first-stage insulated pressure vessel through a gas pipe, and a small amount of air dissolved in seawater enters the intermediate attached via the gas pipe from the terminal insulated pressure vessel. In the first-level heat preservation pressure vessel, after the water vapor is absorbed by the moisture absorption drying box, the dry air enters the low-temperature condensing space composed of the evaporator and the supercooled liquid working medium condensation plate at a temperature of -20 (TC or so), which is continuously condensed and liquefied. Accumulate in the liquid air tank to discharge regularly, so as to effectively ensure the stable formation of negative pressure condensing space in the terminal insulated pressure vessel;
所述中间附一级蒸发器内的液态制冷工质从由末端保温压力容器内导 入的干燥空气中吸热汽化， 经保温回气管到第一保温压力容器内冷凝空间 冷凝， 重新液化；  The liquid refrigerant in the middle-stage attached evaporator absorbs heat and vaporizes from the dry air introduced from the end heat-retaining pressure vessel, and condenses through the heat-recovery return pipe to the condensation space in the first heat-retaining pressure vessel, and then liquefies it again;
首级制冷工质蒸发温度最低， 然后依级次排列顺序各级制冷工质蒸发 温度逐级升高。  The evaporation temperature of the first-stage refrigerant is the lowest, and then the evaporation temperature of each stage of the refrigerant is increased in stages.
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的负温差海水淡化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 末端保温压力容器内安装的中间 N级制冷蒸发器由下而上地连接设置 N个 单元， 每个单元均包括中间 Ν 级制冷蒸发器、 海水蒸发器、 淡水冷凝板、 淡水收集槽及联接管。 2. The negative temperature difference seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: N middle-stage refrigerating evaporators installed in the terminal heat-preserving pressure vessel are connected and installed N from the bottom up. Each unit includes an intermediate N-stage refrigeration evaporator, a seawater evaporator, a fresh water condensation plate, a fresh water collection tank and a connecting pipe.
3. 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的负温差海水淡化设备， 其特征在于， 所述海水蒸发器上装有盖板， 该盖板上开设有大量通气孔。  3. The negative temperature difference seawater desalination device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the seawater evaporator is provided with a cover plate, and the cover plate is provided with a large number of ventilation holes.
4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的负温差海水淡化设备， 其特征在于， 所述 通气孔的上方装有拦盖板。  4. The negative temperature difference seawater desalination device according to claim 3, wherein a blocking plate is installed above the vent hole.
PCT/CN1999/000185 1998-11-12 1999-11-12 A device for desalinizing sea water WO2000029333A1 (en)

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