WO2000020847A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven messung chemischer elemente in materialien - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven messung chemischer elemente in materialien Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000020847A1 WO2000020847A1 PCT/EP1999/006214 EP9906214W WO0020847A1 WO 2000020847 A1 WO2000020847 A1 WO 2000020847A1 EP 9906214 W EP9906214 W EP 9906214W WO 0020847 A1 WO0020847 A1 WO 0020847A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- sample
- measuring head
- plasma
- unit
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for isotope-selective measurement of chemical elements in materials. It can be used in particular in the isotope-selective measurement of radioactive elements, in particular uranium and plutonium, in radioactive materials, such as found in highly active waste glasses.
- the method and the device according to the invention can also be used in the measurement of the isotope composition of lead to determine the age of minerals.
- the invention also relates to the so-called remote measurement of radioactive isotopes and elements, in particular uranium and plutonium, in radioactive materials, i.e. the measurement of these isotopes and elements from great distances in order to avoid endangering humans and equipment by radioactivity.
- radioactive waste is generated in the various process steps. Accordingly, e.g. the glazing of highly active liquid waste (HLLW) into an end product with a non-negligible content of uranium and plutonium.
- HLLW highly active liquid waste
- a systematic online analysis of the glasses and other waste containers has only been possible with a relatively large technical effort if a large number of analysis data is to be determined.
- the operators of the reprocessing and glazing plants wish to be able to use an easy-to-use analysis device to analyze both the plutonium and uranium content and the corresponding isotope composition, for example.
- DE 195 31 988 A1 discloses an easy-to-handle device for measuring uranium or plutonium in radioactive materials, which has a measuring head that can be placed on the sample to be analyzed.
- the known device works on the basis of pure optical emission spectroscopy and enables the content of plutonium and uranium in radioactive materials to be determined in a relatively simple manner.
- no further analysis data such as, for example, the isotope ratio of the analyte, can be determined with this device. This requires further measurements, which represent an undesirable additional effort.
- a method for the isotope-selective measurement of chemical elements, in particular radioactive elements, in materials, in particular radioactive materials is proposed, in which for measurement the known method of optical emission spectroscopy, in which a plasma in the form of a laser is removed from a sample to be analyzed Sample vapor cloud is generated, coupled or combined with the known method of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, in which laser-induced fluorescence excitation of the sample vapor cloud takes place.
- OES optical emission spectroscopy
- a sample amount of the order of ⁇ g or less is removed from the sample to be examined by laser bombardment and, at the same time, a plasma with thermally excited atoms is generated by the high laser power.
- the wavelength spectrum of the radiation emanating from the plasma is characteristic of the elements contained therein and the intensity of the radiation is proportional to the concentration of the associated element.
- the plasma has a lifespan of approx. 200 up to 400 ⁇ s and lights up approximately 20 to 50 ⁇ s, depending on the ambient pressure and the irradiated laser power.
- Analysis of the radiation with a spectrograph or other dispersive element provides quantitative information about the composition of the sample.
- Detection is carried out using light-sensitive elements, such as photomultipliers, photodiodes or photodiode arrays (hereinafter abbreviated as PDA) and photodiode arrays (abbreviated below as CCD).
- PDA photodiodes or photodiode arrays
- CCD photodiode arrays
- the laser power, the time and duration of the measurement as well as the pressure and the atmosphere at which the measurements take place must be optimized.
- the careful adjustment of all optical elements, especially the collecting and focusing units is usually the basic requirement for the success of the measurements and can be a major problem depending on the measuring point.
- LIF laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
- the LIF selectively stimulates an optical transition of a certain type of atom in an existing atomized sample vapor cloud.
- the line width of the laser is preferably smaller than that of the transition to be excited, an atom type is converted into an excited state and the radiation intensity emitted during the subsequent decay, which is proportional to the atomic concentration, is measured.
- fluorescence is detected using light-sensitive elements such as photomultipliers or, in the simplest case, photodiodes.
- a spatial resolution such as that offered by PDA and CCD is not absolutely necessary here.
- the LIF is extremely sensitive and accurate and is usually used for isotope-selective measurements. As in the case of the OES, the time and duration of the measurement as well as the pressure and the atmosphere at which the measurements take place must also be optimized for the LIF. The same applies to the adjustment of the necessary optics.
- the heart of the LIF process is a laser with a tunable wavelength in order to find and excite the corresponding atomic transition.
- Dye lasers for example, can be used for this purpose, but they are comparatively expensive and relatively cumbersome to handle. Furthermore you can small, inexpensive diode lasers are used.
- the type of diode laser is chosen according to the desired wavelength and power, since the tunable and usable wavelength range for the individual laser diode is not as large as for dye lasers.
- transitions can be found for most types of atoms, for which there are suitable, commercially available diode lasers.
- Diode lasers often have a narrower line width than conventional dye lasers.
- the two above-mentioned measurement methods OES and LIF are combined with one another in such a way that the plasma generated by laser ablation functions as an atomized sample vapor cloud, the existence of which is a prerequisite for the excitation of an optical transition in the sense of the LIF.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that only a single measurement pass is required in order to determine the total concentration of the individual elements on the one hand by means of the OES measurement and on the other hand to determine the isotope composition of the sample to be analyzed by means of the LIF measurement.
- the first type is the light emitted by the plasma, which is fed to a spectrograph to carry out the OES. This type of radiation is referred to below as emission radiation.
- the second type of radiation is the radiation which is emitted from the sample vapor cloud when the excited atom type decays in the sense of the LIF. This type of radiation is referred to below as fluorescent radiation.
- the OES measurement of the emission radiation can be carried out first and then the LIF measurement of the fluorescent radiation can be carried out using the sample vapor cloud generated for the OES, or the OES and LIF measurement can be carried out essentially simultaneously. If the measurements are carried out in succession, it is particularly advantageous if the excitation for measuring the fluorescent radiation is only given when the plasma previously generated for measuring the emission radiation has already been largely recombined. If a diode laser is used for the LIF method, one speaks accordingly of the diode laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. This special LIF process is referred to below as the DLIF process.
- a diode laser is preferably selected for the second laser.
- the device according to the invention also serves, in particular, to carry out the method according to the invention.
- the radiation analysis unit of the device according to the invention can also be used to detect the fluorescence radiation.
- a separate detection device for the detection of the fluorescence radiation as part of the LIF measurement can be provided, but is not absolutely necessary.
- the radiation analysis unit is preferably a spectrograph, although other dispersive elements can also be used.
- the optical axes of the first and the second focusing unit are aligned such that the laser beam of the first laser, i.e. the laser for carrying out the OES measurement, strikes a substantially flat sample substantially perpendicularly and the laser beam of the second laser, i.e. the Lasers for performing the LIF measurement, which passes through the sample vapor cloud without to meet the test itself.
- the optical axis of the first focusing unit can preferably run vertically and that of the second focusing unit horizontally, so that they are perpendicular to one another. They are essentially in the same plane and are therefore not skewed to each other.
- the atoms keep their direction of propagation after the ablation. There are no or only a few interatomic impacts that change the speed (in magnitude and / or in the direction). This means that the atoms in the center of the rapidly spreading sample vapor cloud maintain their preferred direction, namely perpendicular to the sample surface. If the atoms are now excited perpendicular to the direction of propagation by means of narrow-band laser radiation and the fluorescence is additionally observed perpendicular to the direction of propagation, the Doppler spread of spectral lines is reduced considerably. This effect is particularly important in connection with laser ablation.
- the fluorescence from the center of the expanding sample vapor cloud must be measured. This is achieved on the one hand by a closely collimated diode laser beam, on the other hand by imaging the central area of the expanding sample vapor cloud on (i) the photodetector (e.g. with diaphragms in front of the detector), (ii) the entry opening of a glass fiber, or (iii) the entrance slit of one Spectrograph. In the latter case, the slit jaws of the entry slit hide the decentralized fluorescence area.
- the photodetector e.g. with diaphragms in front of the detector
- the slit jaws of the entry slit hide the decentralized fluorescence area.
- isotope components can be separated better. This significantly increases the selectivity of an optical isotope measurement during laser ablation.
- isotope components can be separated in general, which have much smaller isotope shifts than uranium.
- the reduction in the Doppler broadening of spectral lines was first observed by the inventors of the present invention on the 235 U.
- the slight hyperfine splitting of the 682.88 nm line could be resolved by laser-induced fluorescence in the expanding ablation plasma. It is particularly advantageous to provide a measuring head which can be attached to the sample or placed over the sample and positioned in any desired manner. If the surface area of the sample to be analyzed is larger than the opening of the chamber of the measuring head, the sample itself serves as a base or support surface for the measuring head. The sample is then not located in the strict sense within the chamber of the measuring head, but it is only ensured that the plasma or the sample vapor cloud formed is inside the measuring head.
- the areal extent of the sample is smaller than the opening of the chamber of the measuring head, the latter is put over the sample and requires a different base or support surface. In this case, not only the resulting plasma, but also the sample to be analyzed is located within the measuring head.
- the measuring head Since the measuring head carries the first and second focusing units and the imaging unit to one another in a fixed arrangement, no adjustment work on these optical components in a radioactive environment is necessary.
- the measuring head is small, flexible and sufficiently robust to be able to carry the optical components safely. It comes into contact with the sample to be analyzed as the only part of the advantageously further developed device according to the invention. Both the plasma generation by laser ablation, the generation of fluorescence and the collection of the emission radiation used for the analysis take place in the measuring head.
- the measuring head which is placed freely on the sample with a manipulator arm, for example, can be connected to the other components of the measuring apparatus via light guides and electrical cables of any length. In the case of a radioactive sample, the latter are located completely outside the radioactive area in a transportable unit.
- the entire measuring apparatus can be made portable. Flexible use in different environments outside of laboratories is possible. Chemical digestions or other sample preparations preceding the measurement are not necessary.
- the total material removal by the first laser, the ablation laser, during one measurement is less than 1 ⁇ g.
- the flexibly manageable measuring head enables remote measurement of radioactive elements, especially uranium and plutonium, in radioactive materials. There are Both investigations of extensive sample surfaces as well as spot-like spot measurements can be carried out.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention with measuring devices necessary for measurement and their networking.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a measuring head according to the invention with its individual components
- 3a shows a comparison of the spectra with and without DLIF measurement, the measurement being carried out with a photodiode detection unit for detecting the fluorescent radiation and an oscilloscope with one laser shot each and the DLIF being amplitude modulated with 50 kHz, and
- 3b shows a frequency spectrum of the DLIF spectrum according to FIG. 3a after a Fourier analysis.
- the device according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1, the details of the measuring head 17 being shown in FIG. 2.
- the evacuable measuring head 17 can be freely positioned and is preferably made of aluminum. Its inner walls are matt blackened and it has an approximately hemispherical shape with a diameter of approx. 8 cm. Its height is 5 cm.
- the first and second focusing units 19 and 29 integrated in the measuring head wall 31 and the two imaging units 28 each consist of two-lens quartz optics in the exemplary embodiment shown, which are arranged in blackened metal sleeves, preferably aluminum sleeves, with a diameter of 1 cm are. They serve as focusing, imaging and collimation units and are commercially available or easily manufactured in-house.
- the measuring head 17 also has inlet nozzles 20 for the argon gas which favors plasma formation and measurement.
- the measuring head 17 can be placed directly onto the surface 18 with a sealing ring 22, in particular a plastic sealing ring.
- the sample 23 can also be located in a simply constructed sample holder, for example a smooth surface, adapted to the measuring head 17, on which the measuring head 17 is placed. Adjustments to the optics, that is to say the focusing units 19 and 29 and the two imaging units 28, are not necessary since these are already made when the measuring head 17 is assembled.
- argon gas is passed through the two inlet nozzles 20 into the measuring head 17 and this is evacuated to a pressure between 1 and 100 haPa via a valve 21.
- the plasma-generating radiation 26 of a pulsed Nd: YAG laser 2 (1064 nm, pulse 40 mJ max., 5-10 ns, with optical fiber coupling) is guided into the measuring head 17 via light guide 13 (wavelength 1064 nm, diameter 600 ⁇ m) and there by means of the first focusing unit 19 focused on the surface of the sample 23.
- the emission radiation of the resulting plasma 24 is guided via the two imaging units 28 and two light guides 14 (each a light guide bundle with 200 ⁇ m fibers, approx. 35 fibers) to a spectrograph 5 with a time-resolved intensified CCD detector unit (hereinafter abbreviated as ICCD detector unit) 6 and measured.
- ICCD detector unit time-resolved intensified CCD detector unit
- the ICCD detector unit 6 has a resolution of at least 578 x 384 pixels and can be cooled with a Peltier element and a flow cooler.
- the spectrograph 5 is a 0.5 m spectrograph with a wavelength range from 250 to 750 nm and a resolution of 20 pm or better.
- a fast personal computer (PC) 1 is used for data acquisition, evaluation and for starting the measurement, which is connected to the ICCD controller 4 (more intensive CCD camera) and the ND: YAG laser 2 via electrical cables 15, preferably BNC cables is.
- the exposure of the ICCD detector unit 6 takes place only after a certain delay time (in the ⁇ s range) compared to the formation of the plasma and with an exposure time of approximately 20 to 50 ⁇ s (duration of light of the plasma).
- the ICCD detector unit 6 is switched via a pulse delay generator 3 connected to the ICCD controller 4 with pulse and delay times of 1 ⁇ s to 1 ms.
- the narrow-band radiation 27 of the diode laser 7 with optical fiber coupling and flow-through cooler is focused on the sample vapor cloud by the second focusing unit 29 integrated in the measuring head 17.
- the radiation is guided to the measuring head 17 via light guides 13a with a diameter of 200 ⁇ m or smaller.
- the wavelength is adjusted via the diode laser driver 8.
- the diode laser 7 emits continuously.
- the DLIF measurement can be carried out in two ways:
- the fluorescent radiation is guided to the spectrograph 5 via light guide 14 and measured with the ICCD detector unit 6.
- this measurement is started at a point in time when the laser-generated plasma 24 has largely been recombined, that is to say after approximately 50 ⁇ s.
- the ICCD detector unit 6 can also be used to control the wavelength of the diode laser radiation via scattered light. This eliminates the need for a special wavelength measuring device.
- the measurement of the DLIF is carried out via a detection unit, preferably a photodiode detection unit 25, integrated in the measuring head 17.
- the detection can take place at an earlier point in time, whereby disruptive emission and scattered radiation can be separated from the DLIF by modulation methods.
- the frequency modulation of the diode laser radiation takes place via the frequency or function generator 9.
- the associated amplitude-modulated signal from the photodiode 32 can be further amplified by a lock-in amplifier 11 and is recorded by a digital storage oscilloscope 10 with a PC interface and used for evaluation (e.g. Fourier analysis) fed to PC 1. at This measurement is expected to have a higher sensitivity than when measuring with the ICCD detector unit 6.
- the photodiode detection unit (PDDE) 25 is integrated either in front of or behind the plane of the drawing in FIG. 2 in the measuring head wall 31 of the measuring head 17. It consists of a metal sleeve 2.5 cm in diameter and about 4 cm long.
- the photodiode 32 contains a lens system 33 for focusing the DLIF or fluorescent radiation onto the photodiode 32.
- the lens system 33 which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of two lenses, and the photodiode 32 accommodates a polarization or bandpass filter 34.
- the close proximity of the PDDE 25 to the Plasma 24 and the large diameter result in a high collection efficiency.
- the OES and the LIF can be measured simultaneously or simultaneously.
- FIG. 3a and 3b show a measurement of the diode laser-induced fluorescence of the uranium isotope 238 U with the photodiode 32.
- FIG. 3a shows the original recording of the oscilloscope, the wavelength of the diode laser 7 being out of tune with the transition by 10 pm for the pure emission measurement (dashed line Line).
- 3b shows the result after a Fourier analysis. A lock-in amplification was not used in this measurement.
- the measurement results are quantified in the OES spectrum via internal standardization with intensive lines of main components of sample 23 of known concentration.
- quantification takes place directly from the intensities of the signals.
- the measuring head 17 shown in FIG. 2 is located, for example, in a glove box or a so-called hot cell and is thus radioactively contaminated. All other components of the measuring system and the gas supply, all elements with the reference numerals 1 to 16 are outside and are not exposed to radioactivity.
- the light guides 13, 13a and 14 serve as an interface between the outside and the inside, and are thus partially located within the radioactive area. There are no limits to the length of the light guide.
- the measuring head 17 is connected to the measuring apparatus via two plastic hoses 16 (argon supply and evacuation) and a BNC electrical cable 15 to the photodiode 32.
- the forevacuum pump 12 is used to generate the vacuum for pressures below 1 hPa and with a pumping speed of approximately 5 m 3 / h.
- the measuring head 17 is placed as a whole on the corresponding sample location.
- the sample does not have to be moved or any new adjustments have to be made.
- the new measurement can begin immediately.
- the dimensions of the measuring head 17 are variable and can be varied depending on the place of use. However, the approximate shape of a hemisphere seems suitable for all possible uses.
- the dimensions of the inside diameter should correspond at least to a hemisphere with a 4 cm radius. If the distance becomes smaller, the optics of the focusing and imaging units are vaporized with the removed sample material and become opaque after a few 100 measurements.
- the height of the measuring head 17 is chosen so that the optical axes of all existing lens systems intersect approximately 1 cm above the sample surface.
- the lens systems allow 1: 2 imaging of the plasma 24 onto the end of the light guide or onto the photodiode 32.
- the focusing of both laser beams corresponds to a 1: 1 illustration of the respective end of the light guide onto the plasma 24.
- the measuring head 17 can be placed almost anywhere.
- the chamber 30 of the measuring head 17 can be evacuated by positioning it with the sealing ring 22 on a smooth sample surface 18/23 via the valve 21.
- the analysis can generally be carried out without prior mechanical or chemical preparation.
- the fluorescence radiation or DLIF or LIF radiation can be measured both with the ICCD detector unit 6 and with the photodiode detection unit 25.
- the DLIF and OES can be measured simultaneously.
- the photodiode detection unit 25 is a very compact unit with a lens system 33, bandpass filter 34 and photodiode 32.
- the entire structure according to the exemplary embodiment is transportable, so that only the measuring head 17 has to be renewed when the measuring location is relocated.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000574914A JP2002526767A (ja) | 1998-10-07 | 1999-08-24 | 物質中に存在する化学元素の同位体選択的測定方法及び測定システム |
EP99944504A EP1119764A1 (de) | 1998-10-07 | 1999-08-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven messung chemischer elemente in materialien |
CA002347401A CA2347401A1 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 1999-08-24 | Method and device for isotope- selective measurement of chemical elements in materials |
NO20011777A NO20011777D0 (no) | 1998-10-07 | 2001-04-06 | Fremgangsmåte og apparat for isotopselektive målinger av kjemiske elementer i materialer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU90296 | 1998-10-07 | ||
LU90296 | 1998-10-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000020847A1 true WO2000020847A1 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
Family
ID=19731773
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/006214 WO2000020847A1 (de) | 1998-10-07 | 1999-08-24 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenselektiven messung chemischer elemente in materialien |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1119764A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002526767A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2347401A1 (de) |
NO (1) | NO20011777D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000020847A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001067075A1 (en) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-13 | Applied Photonics Limited | Laser spectroscopic remote detection of surface contamination |
EP1720002A1 (de) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-08 | Oxford Instruments Analytical Oy | Verfahren und Anordnung zur zerstörungsfreinen Analyse der Zusammensetzung empfindlicher Proben |
FR2929011A1 (fr) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de mesure quantitative a haute cadence de cibles biomoleculaires presentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique. |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5630165B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-09 | 2014-11-26 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | スポレーション評価システムおよび画像処理プログラム、並びに消弧装置 |
Citations (4)
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US4247770A (en) * | 1978-09-07 | 1981-01-27 | Welch Albert B | Aerial mineral survey method and apparatus using pulsed laser beam to vaporize surface material |
US5424841A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-06-13 | Molecular Dynamics | Apparatus for measuring spatial distribution of fluorescence on a substrate |
DE19531988A1 (de) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Europaeische Kommission | Fernmessung von U (Pu) in Gläsern |
WO1998020325A1 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-05-14 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for rapid in situ analysis of preselected components of homogeneous solid compositions, especially pharmaceutical compositions |
-
1999
- 1999-08-24 EP EP99944504A patent/EP1119764A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-08-24 CA CA002347401A patent/CA2347401A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-08-24 JP JP2000574914A patent/JP2002526767A/ja active Pending
- 1999-08-24 WO PCT/EP1999/006214 patent/WO2000020847A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2001
- 2001-04-06 NO NO20011777A patent/NO20011777D0/no unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4247770A (en) * | 1978-09-07 | 1981-01-27 | Welch Albert B | Aerial mineral survey method and apparatus using pulsed laser beam to vaporize surface material |
US5424841A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-06-13 | Molecular Dynamics | Apparatus for measuring spatial distribution of fluorescence on a substrate |
DE19531988A1 (de) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Europaeische Kommission | Fernmessung von U (Pu) in Gläsern |
WO1998020325A1 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-05-14 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for rapid in situ analysis of preselected components of homogeneous solid compositions, especially pharmaceutical compositions |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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GOBERNADO-MITRE I ET AL: "ON-LINE MONITORING OF LASER CLEANING OF LIMESTONE BY LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY AND LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE", APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY, vol. 51, no. 8, 1 August 1997 (1997-08-01), pages 1125 - 1129, XP000698763 * |
MEASURES R M AND KWONG HS: "TABLASER: TRACE (ELEMENT) ANALYZER BASED ON LASER ABLATION AND SELECTIVELY EXCITED RADIATION", APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 18, no. 3, 1979, pages 281 - 286, XP002105126 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001067075A1 (en) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-13 | Applied Photonics Limited | Laser spectroscopic remote detection of surface contamination |
EP1720002A1 (de) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-08 | Oxford Instruments Analytical Oy | Verfahren und Anordnung zur zerstörungsfreinen Analyse der Zusammensetzung empfindlicher Proben |
US7426019B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2008-09-16 | Oxford Instruments Analytical Oy | Method and arrangement for non-destructive composition analysis of delicate samples |
FR2929011A1 (fr) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de mesure quantitative a haute cadence de cibles biomoleculaires presentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique. |
WO2009122047A1 (fr) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-10-08 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de mesure quantitative a haute cadence de cibles biomoleculaires presentes sur ou dans un support d'analyse biologique |
US8675192B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2014-03-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Method and device for high speed quantitative measurement of biomolecular targets on or in biological analysis medium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20011777L (no) | 2001-04-06 |
JP2002526767A (ja) | 2002-08-20 |
EP1119764A1 (de) | 2001-08-01 |
CA2347401A1 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
NO20011777D0 (no) | 2001-04-06 |
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