WO1999049720A1 - A thresher for rice and wheat standing in the field and a harvester using the thresher - Google Patents

A thresher for rice and wheat standing in the field and a harvester using the thresher Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999049720A1
WO1999049720A1 PCT/CN1998/000211 CN9800211W WO9949720A1 WO 1999049720 A1 WO1999049720 A1 WO 1999049720A1 CN 9800211 W CN9800211 W CN 9800211W WO 9949720 A1 WO9949720 A1 WO 9949720A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hook
threshing
teeth
thresher
stalk
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN1998/000211
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Xingfang Chen
Xingzhong Chen
Xingan Chen
Original Assignee
Xingfang Chen
Xingzhong Chen
Xingan Chen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CNB981071899A external-priority patent/CN1328942C/en
Application filed by Xingfang Chen, Xingzhong Chen, Xingan Chen filed Critical Xingfang Chen
Priority to AU94275/98A priority Critical patent/AU9427598A/en
Publication of WO1999049720A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999049720A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/06—Combines with headers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rice-wheat harvesting machine, and in particular, the invention relates to a rice-wheat primary thresher. In addition, the present invention also relates to a harvester using the thresher.
  • 95237951.1 discloses a first-removal type combined harvesting device, which uses a reed wheel and a splash-proof impeller to feed the ears of the plantation to the threshing drum for threshing; such harvesters are generally
  • the shortcomings are as follows: 1. The ear can only be threshed at the front or lower part of the threshing drum. The removed seeds splash forward and are difficult to collect and cause serious losses. 2. Whether or not there is a feeding device, The threshing intervals that the threshing device can collect are too short, and it is difficult to improve the forward speed and work efficiency of the harvester. 3.
  • the invention is as follows: 1. Provide a kind of rice and wheat native thresher with simple structure and bendable stalk self-feeding, hereinafter referred to as thresher, which can hook the ears of native rice and straw It is pressed and controlled to be threshing in the upper tooth area of its own.
  • the threshing grain is easy to collect, and it can achieve high-efficiency threshing under the conditions of very few broken ears, continuous spikes and non-broken grains, low impurities, and low energy consumption.
  • 2. Provide multiple types of large, medium and small-sized native threshing rice and wheat harvesters using the above thresher; its structure is light, convenient, simple, cheap, high work efficiency, low energy consumption, and can adapt to different uses of rice straw and wheat.
  • the requirements for the selection of harvesting operations in particular, provide portable models for the harvesting of rice and wheat in inaccessible small fields and wetlands.
  • a rice-wheat native thresher is provided.
  • the rice-wheat native thresher can be at least a single or a plurality of side-by-side horizontally positioned on the front of the harvester of the harvester of the harvester. Use in a splash hood.
  • the technical solution of the single thresher is: it has a plurality of threshing teeth (short for teeth) and can be driven and carry the teeth along or around a single horizontal axis or multiple parallel axes as a circle
  • the moving carrier is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the carrier with a certain axial width and protrudes outward by a certain length.
  • the trajectory of the simple peripheral movement of the outer peripheral surface of the carrier can be contacted with the original non-stemmed waist.
  • the working surface is a solitary surface, and the working running direction of the circular motion makes the striking teeth on the curved stalk working surface move upwards; the characteristics are: all or part of the plurality of striking teeth are hook teeth, the teeth of the hook teeth
  • the body has at least one protrusion or protruding portion with a certain lateral geometric component on at least one side of its working movement direction, referred to as the protruding portion or protrusion.
  • the protrusion farther from the carrier is called the outer layer protrusion.
  • the principle of the shape and spatial distribution of the hook teeth and their protrusions are:
  • the teeth of the hook teeth have several circumferentially or substantially circumferentially communicating stalk spaces, also known as Storage channel
  • the outer perimeter of the stalk channel has at least a hook-like outer layer protrusion.
  • the effective cross-sectional area of the stalk channel of the stalk channel in the outer protrusion trajectory ring can be at least accommodated in the harvest but should not enter All temporary grasses are temporarily stored; the axial width of the hook tooth top is small to facilitate the insertion of the tooth body into the native grass tussock; at least the outer layer with a large lateral geometric component protrudes near the edge of its own trajectory ring Or the surface forms a tooth slope, and the tendency and slope of the tooth slope edge surface can make the native straw that springs on it easy to slide from the tip of the tooth into the stem storage channel; at least the outer layer protrudes Tooth hooks are formed near the edges or faces in its own trajectory loop.
  • the tendency and slope of the tooth hook edges enable the hooks to press into the stalk channel at least at their corresponding working line speed.
  • Grass between each protrusion and its adjacent teeth, there is a gap between the protuberances that allows the native straw to enter the culm channel more smoothly, and at least the distance between each outer protrusion and its adjacent teeth
  • the proper size of the stalk interval cooperates with the working linear speed of the hook teeth and the main relevant geometric parameters of the thresher or the effective width of the stalk interval can be automatically adjusted during work to ensure that the stalk interval enters the stalk during work.
  • the upper part (including the uppermost part and the rear upper part) of the carrier is controlled by a tooth hook to be threshed in the stalk storage channel of the threshing zone or firstly threshing on an additional threshing member behind or above the horizontal thresher.
  • the proper size of the stem-entry interval between each outer layer protrusion and its adjacent tooth body means that the long and elastic primary straw can at least enter the tooth protrusion of the outer layer protrusion, and must be received after entering.
  • the interval necessary for the hook pressing and control of the hook includes the circumferential, axial (ie lateral) and radial intervals between the outer layer protrusion and its adjacent tooth body.
  • the radial distance can be the protrusion and Space on the outer surface of the carrier.
  • the single hook tooth is a rigid hook tooth of a rigid conjoined body or a deformed hook tooth that can be deformed and recoverable during work.
  • the recoverable deformable hook teeth may be at least elastic and / or centrifugal deformable hook teeth.
  • Such hook teeth have at least an outer layer protrusion that is elastically connected and / or hinged to the tooth body, the direction of the elastic force and / Or the direction of its hinge axis is at least such that the outer layer of the projectile is subjected to the pressure of the straw bomb, the counterforce, its own centrifugal force, and / or the displacement of the elastic tooth body, so that the side of the extended end is inserted.
  • the effective width of the stalk interval can be adjusted automatically as the spring pressure of the stalk changes.
  • the carrier carrying the percussion for circumferential movement can be realized as follows: 1.
  • the perforator can be rotated around a single horizontal axis, and the perforation is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the drum or on the axial slats.
  • Threshers with this carrier form are called hooked drums or drum threshers; 2.
  • the endless belt can be tensioned and driven by two round rollers on the horizontal axis in front and back for circular movement. A support roller or tension roller can be added between the front and rear rollers.
  • the endless belt can be tape, Cloth tape, thin steel tape or plastic tape, etc. Threshers with this carrier form are called endless belt threshers; 3.
  • Transverse plates on the joints of multiple parallel chains that can be driven synchronously by multiple pairs of sprocket wheels on one parallel horizontal axis
  • the bats are fixed on the battens, and the circumferential interval between the battens can be blocked with other lightweight materials to prevent grain leakage.
  • the thresher having this carrier form is called a chain plate thresher.
  • the endless belt type and chain plate type thresher are collectively called the endless type thresher.
  • the threshing teeth in a thresher can all use hook teeth that only protrude from the outer layer. However, in order to increase the chance of threshing and threshing of the ears of the crop, the threshing is accelerated. Under the bar, additional striking teeth can be added in each stalk channel. For example: add rod-shaped teeth at the circumferential interval of the discrete hook teeth on both sides of each stalk channel; add teeth with lateral geometric components to the teeth of various teeth, also known as The inner layer protrudes.
  • the outer surface of the various teeth that can face the stalk ears is called the face or the face.
  • Oblique cross type thresher In order to increase the working linear speed of the teeth and increase the frequency of the ears of the teeth to speed up the threshing, and to reduce the impact force of the ears each time, so as to reduce the impurity content and the rate of broken ears, it can be made so-called Oblique cross type thresher, even when its teething work moves to the threshing area on the upper part of its carrier, the tendency of each of the teeth to at least mainly hit the face at each point on it and the direction of the working linear velocity at that point
  • the included angle (the included angle is called the angle of attack at this point) is a smaller acute angle, and the smaller angle of attack can be matched with a larger working linear velocity; the impacting edge is at a point on it
  • the tendency of is the tendency of the face of the smooth face to face at that point or the tendency of the hypothetical smooth envelope of the face to face at that point.
  • the above-mentioned oblique cross thresher can also be made into an equal-effect thresher, even if the size of the striking angle at each point of at least each of the main striking faces of the teeth is changed with the point, the change is
  • the rule is: When the tooth hitting movement reaches the threshing area, its impact The higher the linear velocity of the striking face, the smaller the corresponding angle of attack. The larger and smaller the ideal degree is to make the thresher strike the stalk at each point on the prism face at the same suitable working speed. The effectiveness of the blow is almost the same, which is most conducive to both speeding up threshing and reducing the rate of panicle breaking and impurities.
  • the carrier of the teeth can be used at least The drum, the teeth of the hook teeth fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the drum are circumferentially or substantially circumferentially extending partitions, and the axially adjacent partitions are substantially parallel and equally spaced from each other, and their protrusions are fixed on the partitions or It is made in one piece with the partition, and there are stalk channels between the partitions.
  • the protruding facets can be diagonal or orthogonal.
  • the angle of attack near the face of the teeth of the various threshers can be made larger, or Dense and small tooth patterns are set on the tooth top and / or on the face of the impact near the tooth tip.
  • the sharpness of the tooth pattern is limited to not cutting the stalk during harvesting.
  • Rolled straw will first be straightened or straightened by the upward picking force and scraping force of the tooth crests and / or its adjacent ridges on the face.
  • a native threshing rice and wheat harvester includes a harvesting device, a grain storage device, and a driving control section; the harvesting device It includes a threshing device, or a grain conveying device between the threshing device and the grain storage device; the driving control part has a walking and steering device, a power transmission device and a control mechanism; the grain storage device and / or the driving control part is This machine is dedicated or borrowed. It is characterized in that: the threshing device has at least one of the original thresher as described above and a splash prevention device for surrounding the spattered grains.
  • One end of the channel has a stalk-inlet opening, and the other end is in communication with the grain storage device or the grain conveying device.
  • the thresher of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Because it can bend and control the straw in its upper threshing area for threshing, the removed grains rarely splash out of the machine into the stalk working surface and are easy to collect. Therefore, the grain loss rate is extremely small; 2. Because the crop stalk ears are hooked and controlled in the upper stalk storage channel of the thresher, the threshing interval for easy collection of grains is longer.
  • the distribution rules of the hook teeth are: (1), the trajectories of the simple circumferential motion of the hook teeth on the same side of the same storage channel overlap; (2), the same trajectory The hook teeth have at least their outer layer protrusions equally spaced along the circumferential direction; (3) The hook teeth on both sides of the same culm channel have at least the circumferential positions of their outer layer protrusions staggered at equal distances; (4), it is best to make each Each stalk channel, that is, the threshing channel is basically the same width and homogeneous, and thus has the same effect, that is, each stalk channel is an equivalent working unit of its thresher.
  • Figures 1 to 12 are schematic diagrams of a rigid hook tooth mounted on a drum, in which:
  • 1A to 12A are side views of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding figure group, that is, an axial view along the drum;
  • FIGS. 1B to 12B are cut-out diagrams of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding drawing group (the tooth tip 9 is the same height as the tooth tip trace line in the corresponding sub-picture A);
  • 1C to 12C are top views of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding group, that is, a radial view along the drum;
  • 1D to 12D are cross-sectional views of the stalk storage channel formed by the hook teeth shown in the corresponding group;
  • Fig. 2E, Fig. 9E, and Fig. 11E are the blanking diagrams of the method for manufacturing the plate of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding group;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of deformation of a deformable hook tooth during work
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of elastic hook teeth protruding into an elastic sheet
  • FIG. 16 is a blanking view of the elastic sheet of the elastic hook teeth shown in FIG. 15;
  • 17 and 18 are schematic structural diagrams of a deformable hook tooth made of an elastic organic material
  • 19 is a partial side view of a centrifugal hook tooth protruding and centrifugally displaceable; 20 is a sectional view taken along the line D-D of FIG. 19;
  • Fig. 21 is a trace sectional view of a thresher with rod-shaped teeth in the middle of the stalk passage
  • Fig. 22 is a trace sectional view of a thresher with a radially outwardly-extended extended end of the outer layer of the stalk passage;
  • Figure 23 is a side view of an equal-effect annular belt thresher
  • each of the sub-pictures A is a front view
  • each of the sub-pictures B is a cross-sectional view of A-A, B-B, and C-C of the corresponding diagram A, respectively.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic side view of the structure of the threshing device and its additional dividing cone and / or horizontal threshing pan;
  • FIG. 28 is an arrow A view of the additional cereal cone in FIG. 27; FIG.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the side frame and the hook teeth when the dividing cone is replaced by hook teeth at both ends of the thresher;
  • FIG. 30 is a B-direction view of the rowable stalk thresher used in FIG. 27 in combination with an additional rung thresher;
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic side view of an additional comb-shaped thresher of the thresher
  • FIG. 32 is a B-direction view of the additional comb-shaped thresher in FIG. 31; FIG.
  • 33 is a schematic side view of an additional splash screen of a thresher
  • FIG. 34 is a partial view in the direction of C in FIG. 33;
  • FIG. 35 is a partial front view of a splash curtain with curtain leaves made of elastic threads
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of a multi-layer curtain strip of a splash-proof curtain
  • FIG. 37 is a sectional view of a structure of a splash curtain
  • V-belt 38 is a partial cross-sectional view of a V-belt and a V-belt that can double as hook teeth;
  • FIG. 39 and FIG. 40 are each a schematic diagram of the structure of a human box-type rice and wheat harvester
  • 41 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-propelled box-type rice and wheat harvester
  • 42 is a schematic structural diagram of a human bagged (basket) rice and wheat harvester; 43 to 48 are each a schematic structural diagram of a self-propelled bagged rice and wheat harvester;
  • Figure 49 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-propelled silo-type rice and wheat harvester
  • FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 49;
  • FIG. 51 is a schematic structural diagram of a front-mounted rice and wheat harvester used in conjunction with a walk-behind tractor;
  • Figure 52 and Figure 53 are each a schematic diagram of the structure of a front-loading rice-wheat harvester used in conjunction with a truck;
  • 54 to 56 are each a schematic structural diagram of a rear-mounted rice-wheat harvester used in conjunction with a truck;
  • 57 to 59 are each a schematic diagram of the structure of an exhaust gas cleaning device.
  • FIG. 60 and FIG. 61 are each a schematic diagram of a structure of a double-separation sorting device which can be used with various grain conveying devices;
  • FIG. 62 and FIG. 63 are each a schematic structural diagram of a doublet in the inner cavity of a grain separator
  • Fig. 64 and Fig. 65 are structural diagrams of a fence sieve each;
  • FIG. 66 is a schematic structural view of a threshing device whose hook-toothed drum is in a vertical position;
  • FIG. 67 is a D-direction view of the threshing device shown in FIG. 66;
  • Fig. 68 is a B-B cross-sectional view of the threshing apparatus shown in Fig. 66;
  • the various hook teeth have at least One side has at least one protrusion or protrusion with a certain lateral geometric component, that is, the protrusion, and at least one so-called outer layer protrusion 8 farther away from its carrier 4 (because its track ring is in the outer layer) ; At least the outer layer protrusion 8 with a larger axial geometric component forms a tooth slope 10 on the edge or surface outside its own trajectory ring.
  • the tendency and slope of the tooth slope can make the stalks that spring on it easily pass the tooth top 9
  • One slides into the stalk channel 15 (the slope of the tooth can best be seen in the hook profile view); at least the outer protrusion 8 is close to the stalk channel 15 in its own trajectory ring (see sub-graph D )
  • the hooks and hooks can be stored in the stalk channel 15 at least at their corresponding working line speeds in terms of their tendency and slope relative to their carrier surface or roller axis. All the stalks that have been pressed into the stalk storage channel from the stalk interval 16; the axial width of the tooth top 9 is small to facilitate the introduction of the tooth body into the original stalk tussock.
  • FIG. 1 to 10 are so-called discrete hook teeth whose tooth body 6 has a small circumferential width.
  • Figures 6, 7, 9, and 10 are so-called skew-type hook teeth or equal-effect hook teeth that can be used for the skew-type hook rollers. The working rotation of the hook teeth carried on the peripheral surface 4 of the roller can be seen.
  • the tooth body of the hook teeth leans to the top of the tooth 9 against the edges of the face 12, and each of the protruding face 13 projects from the tooth body 6 to the side at the same time and to the side of the carrier 4 and makes each of the protrusions
  • the extended end 14 is a certain distance from the carrier peripheral surface 4, so that the hook teeth can mainly meet the tangent planes of the points on the ridge surface or the hypothetical smooth envelope surface 19 of the ridges at the points (see Figure 6A).
  • the threshing efficiency at a certain point of the striking face of the teeth and the rate of spike breaking and impurity in the grains are mainly related to the following factors: (1) The striking face of the teeth The linear speed of the movement of the point relative to the spiked grain, that is, the working linear speed at that point, is also called the striking speed. (2) the size of the impact angle at the point, the smaller the angle, the smaller the impact force, the lower the threshing efficiency and the impurity content of the grain; (3) the horizontal of the impact edge at the point The radius of curvature of the outer profile of the section. The smaller the radius, the higher the impurity content.
  • the oblique or equal-effect thresher can make the linear speed of its purely circular motion much higher than the value of its harvesting forward speed, when it is tillering and its iso-effect form is preferred, its teeth hit the edge.
  • the magnitude and direction of the complex striking speed that varies with the point distribution can be regarded as approximately equal to the simple working ring at that point Peripheral motion linear velocity V.
  • Figures 6 and 7 and Figures 9 to 12 show the approximate shape of the equal-effect hook teeth (the same applies to the additional impact) for the equal-effect hook rollers, that is, the cross section of each of its striking faces
  • the farther away from the surface of the drum 4 that is, the greater the linear velocity of the circumferential motion
  • the shape of the surface can finally be determined through multiple experiments, and the judgment is based on the following: under the condition that the basic structure, working speed and threshing efficiency of the thresher are the same, the closer it is to the grains that are hit by the face of the equal-effect shape
  • 1 to 5 and 8 are examples of so-called orthogonal hook teeth which can be used for the orthogonal hook roller.
  • the angle of attack at each point is all right or near right.
  • FIG. 11 and 12 are so-called partition-type hook teeth which can be used for the partition-type hook roller.
  • Each figure is a partial view of a ring-shaped plate-shaped tooth body 6 in a circumferentially connected body.
  • the outer layer projects 8 equidistantly in the circumferential direction. It is fixed on the annular partition plate 6, and the outer layer protrusions 8 on the left and right sides can be staggered and distributed along the circumferential direction (as shown in FIG. 11), or they can be distributed on the left and right in the same circumferential direction (as shown in FIG. 12).
  • the outer protrusion 8 can be bent with the iron plate tooth body 6 (see Figure 11E), that is, the protrusion block 8 is bent by about 90 ° along the dotted line in the ring, and the protrusion face and the tooth slope are both formed by the side block. 13 rolls are formed, and each of the outer layers protrudes behind the tooth top 9 and the reclining tooth body is formed by the side block 12 rolls and can be engraved with lateral small tooth patterns on its peripheral shuttle or Small teeth leaning back to help straighten the straw.
  • the iron plate tooth body 6 can also punch out a number of staggered backward inclined angular or left and right convex and concave inner layer protrusions 7 to the left and right sides to help accelerate threshing.
  • the iron plate tooth body can be welded to its carrier 4, or (see FIG. 11E) can be riveted to the carrier 4 through the tooth root 5 (bent 90.) with a small hole 400.
  • the plate-shaped tooth body can also be made of other materials, such as a plastic plate.
  • Its protrusion can be integrally formed with the tooth body or can be riveted separately.
  • Its outer layer protrusion 8 can be flattened by the front end of a stick and riveted through a small hole.
  • the outer layer protrusion can also be bent with an iron plate.
  • Various protruding facets of partition-type hook teeth It is best to be diagonal or equal force as shown.
  • various rigid hook teeth can be selected according to their shape characteristics. For example, they can be bent or welded with iron rods or stern plates, or they can be stamped, cast, or molded with wear-resistant plastic. As shown
  • the hook teeth shown in 9 can be blanked according to the blanking diagram shown in FIG. 9E by using the stern plate.
  • the inner layer protrusion 7 can be punched out first, and the rivet hole 400 on the small root block 5 can be drilled, and then bent. And make: 1) the tooth root block 5 is bent by 90 ° along the inner dashed line; 2) the dashed line 104 forms the boundary line between the side of the tooth body and the hook surface 11; 3) the remaining dashed lines serve as the tooth body to meet The face 12 or the outer layer protrudes against the edge of the face 13; 4), the tooth top 9 is narrower; 5), the cross-sectional figure of the tooth body is U-shaped.
  • the blanking plate of the hook teeth similarly bends the strips on the outer sides of the dotted lines to form teeth or protrusions.
  • the additional threshing teeth with only the inner layer protruding can be made with iron plate cutting and used in combination with the above-mentioned hooking to increase the chance of panicle attack.
  • FIG. 24 is an orthogonal hook-type drum using hook teeth similar to FIG. 1 and FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 25 is a skew-type or equivalent force-hook roller using single-sided hook teeth similar to FIG. 6; Hooks in Figures 11 and 12
  • the partition-type hook-tooth roller (without the inner layer protruding) is fixed to the drum peripheral surface 4 in a ring-shaped plate-shaped tooth body 6 in parallel and equidistantly. It can be seen from the figures that the three types of hook tooth rollers described above all adopt the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method, and their common characteristics are as follows: (1) The axial bodies of the axially adjacent hook teeth 18 have a circumferential direction. The connected annular storage space is the storage stalk channel 15, and each working unit is the same and equivalent;
  • the hook-tooth roller rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow to make the hook 18 at the solitary stalk working surface 17 move upward; (3) There are hooks at multiple places on the outer periphery of each stalk channel The outer layer protrudes 8. (4) The average distance of the outer layer protrusion 8 from the outer peripheral surface of the drum enables the effective cross-sectional area of the stalks that can be stored in each stalk channel 15 to at least store all the temporarily stored stalks that have entered and not yet retreated. .
  • the size of the hook-toothed drum or its height-adjusting mechanism makes the height of the hook during the harvesting operation is that the upper threshing area is slightly lower than the ear of the crop to be harvested to ensure that the ear is not hit by the front and threshing, causing the grain to splash and lose.
  • the lower teeth are at a certain distance from the ground to facilitate insertion into the straw gap.
  • each tooth slope 10 is large and the outer end 14 of the outer layer protrusion 8 of the same horizontal row of hook teeth 18 is axially spaced 16a from the axially adjacent tooth body or the extended end (the interval 16a is mainly external).
  • the axial geometric component of the layer protrusion and the distance of the end traces are also relatively large.
  • the same horizontal row of hook teeth 18 on the stalk working face 17 will be easily inserted into the denser straw gap synchronously.
  • any straw that is located between any two axially adjacent tooth tips 9 will easily slide directly or along the tooth slope 10 into the straw space 16a.
  • the side swings along a tooth slope 10b, bypasses the extended end 14b, and then bounces along the stalk interval 16b to enter the hook.
  • the straw In the process of entering the hook, the straw can hardly receive its circumferentially adjacent outer protrusion 8a or 8c block.
  • the upper culm of the culm is bent backward along the trajectory of the tine and the spike is subjected to a backward impact, so that the middle and lower portions of the culm are pressed against the tooth area. More conducive to sliding along the tooth slope into the subsequent upward-spinning hook. In this way, during the process of being continuously pressed and bent by the hook and threshing, the upper part of the straw no longer has the opportunity to eject the hook, and can only retreat from the thresher relatively reversely along the stalk channel due to the advancement of the whole machine. 2).
  • the axial distance d between the extensions 14 on both sides of the same stalk channel 15 has also become circumferentially connected.
  • the stalk interval is 16c, and the stalk insertion will be more smooth.
  • Tests and inferences prove that as long as the tendency and slope of the hook face 11 (see each hook tooth pattern) and the protrusion adjacent to the leading edge and the tendency and slope of the face 13 meet the corresponding working linear velocity as a protrusion 8
  • the spike can be subjected to sufficient tangential component forces in the direction of the protruding linear velocity and radial inward component force, or the straw can be bent along the trajectory of the tooth hook 11 to a certain extent. Even if the stalk spike is simultaneously subjected to axial (lateral) component force and swings inside out for a short time, it will leave the protrusion 8 because it already has at least a partial velocity that swings radially inward. Lateral successors on the side are hooked up.
  • the upper part of the stalks and the ears that have entered the stalk channel 15 can be subjected to left and right alternate teeth.
  • the body strikes strongly and oscillates and bends in a serpentine shape without the opportunity to bounce out at the stalk interval 16c that is connected in the circumferential direction.
  • the stalks on the surface and in the tooth area of the stalk working surface are always subject to successive upward rotation of the tooth slope.
  • the lower part of the threshing straw When the harvester turns to one side, the lower part of the threshing straw first moves gradually to the other side relative to the thresher, and the upper part of the straw follows the lateral movement and successively enters the adjacent rod storage channel.
  • the The upper part of the straw that is hooked in the tooth zone can be moved from the circumferential interval of the discrete tooth body to the adjacent storage channel, so that the ear can always be knocked off. Grain.
  • the ring-shaped baffle-shaped tooth body can also be disconnected in several places in the circumferential direction to form a helical (ie, non-circumferential) passage through the stalk, so as not to waste a little time for threshing when the stalk spike reenters the adjacent stalk channel.
  • the ground clearance of the horizontal thresher can be appropriately reduced (the height adjustment mechanism will be described later), and the harvesting direction of the harvester is basically the same as that of the straw.
  • the harvesting direction of the harvester is basically the same as that of the straw.
  • the easy-to-measure data and the data values that should be realizable for reference that can be inferred from the easy-to-measure data are as follows: ( 1), the diameter of the drum is 280 mm (the higher the straw, the larger the drum); (2), the average distance of the outer layer protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the drum is 30-50 mm (determined by the maximum average density of the straw); (3) In the trace profile, the slope of the tooth slope relative to the horizontal axis of the thresher is 40. -65.
  • the sides of the horizontal thresher and the upper part are provided with anti-splash covers and the front is not The simplest way to harvest without any splash protection and no additional threshers behind it. If you want to make the total grain loss rate less than 2%, you can It is determined that each ear is at the uppermost part of the thresher, and the forward and backward moving distance during the threshing time is about 100 ⁇ m; (13), and (11), (12) The parameters corresponding to the parameters of the harvester are 0.3-2 meters. Per second, corresponding to the working of the thresher per meter width The effect is about 1.8-11 mu / hour.
  • All the hook teeth of FIG. 1 can be used to form an orthogonal threshing machine according to the cloth tooth method of FIG. 25; (2) The hook edges shown in FIG. 6 are used at the end of the drum, and the teeth shown in FIG. 7 are used at the middle of the drum. The hook teeth can form an oblique cross thresher. (3) The same threshing machine can all adopt single-sided hook teeth similar to FIG. 1 or FIG. 6 or FIG.
  • the outer layer protrusions 8 of the hook teeth of the left half of the thresher are set on the right side to make the thresher
  • the outer layer protrusions 8 of the right half of the hook teeth are set on the left side, so that only one side of the stalk channel in the center of the thresher has the hooks 11 of the outer layer protrusion 8 on the sides, and the other stalk channels are only On one side, there are tooth hooks protruding from the outer layer, and on the other side, only the tooth body can strike the spikes.
  • the outer protrusions can still be staggered and distributed at an equal distance.
  • the related parameters can be similar to the above through trials.
  • the protruding hook tooth edge surface 11 of the outer layer of the hook teeth tends to hook into the stalk channel 15 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) or at least does not tend to move outside the trajectory loop ( (See Figures 8 and 12) to make it easier to hook the straw.
  • the hook surface 11 of the hook 8 in the outer layer 8 of the hook teeth shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 tends to be out of the track ring, so that the extended end 14 becomes the tooth tip 9, and FIGS. 3D, 4D, and 5D are corresponding ones.
  • the working unit of the hook roller that the hook teeth are still staggered according to the cloth arrangement method is a trace profile of a certain stalk channel.
  • the slope or curvature of the hook edge surface 11 and its working linear velocity and other Relevant geometrical parameters cooperate to make the grasshopper receive a projecting blow force, and the component force in the track loop can overcome the elastic force of the straw outside the ring. It can also hook the stalk ears to the threshing channel 15 to thresh, especially the teeth.
  • the body (see Fig. 4) or the outer protrusion 8 (see Fig. 13) is both more inclined to lean forward and lean forward.
  • the stalk-entry interval 16 is relatively wide, when a certain stalk 20 slides into a stalk storage channel 15 along a certain tooth slope 10, it will swing to one side and the tooth hooks 11 on the side are sequentially pressed.
  • the circumferential distance C of the outer layer protrusion 8 of these three orthogonal threshers can be smaller than the above, and the circumferential positions of the adjacent hook teeth of the track can be entered into the stalk faster without being offset by an equal distance.
  • Other parameters for cooperation refer to the orthogonal thresher of FIG. 24. Broken spikes when the linear working speed of the orthogonal teeth is below 6 m / s Less.
  • the truncation diagram of the stalk storage channel of the orthogonal or oblique thresher can be shown in FIG.
  • an additional threshing tooth 23 having a certain radial component may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the various threshing gear tooth carriers 4, and the angle of attack thereof is equivalent to that of the hook teeth.
  • the trace of the thresher can also be made as shown in FIG. 21, that is, a plurality of tall rod-shaped teeth 24 with the same trace are added in the middle of its wider storage channel 15, and its outer tip 25 extends to the left and right hook teeth.
  • the circumferential position of the rod-shaped teeth can be staggered from both the left and right hook teeth, so that the wider culm interval 16 and the culm channel 15 are both divided by the rod-shaped teeth 24- It is two to facilitate the patency of the stalk.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the deformed hook teeth on both sides of the rod channel in operation. Deformed trace profile.
  • the above-mentioned steel wire hooks with finer impacting edges can be combined with more additional toothing groups to form threshers suitable for lower working linear speed V, and can also wear hoses on thinner wire jackets.
  • threshers suitable for lower working linear speed V
  • the trace profile is shown in Figure 15. That is, the outer layer protrusion 8 can be bent with a hardenable thin steel sheet and can be riveted on the rigid tooth body 6. The protrusion against the edge 13 can be crimped by the steel sheet. to make.
  • FIG. 16 is a blanking view of a thin steel sheet used for an oblique cross thresher.
  • Two small holes 306 are holes for riveting with the tooth body 6, and the whole piece is bent along the dotted line 307 above the small hole to form the tooth top 9.
  • the arrow indicates the working movement direction after riveting with the tooth body, and the small side block 13 is curled into a protrusion obliquely intersecting with the movement direction to meet the face.
  • the front of each of the outer layers of the above elastically deformed internal stresses that protrude close to the apex of the tooth can be blocked by a shielding piece connected to the tooth body 6 to prevent pinching leaves or broken ears.
  • At least part of the tooth body with unilateral or double-sided outer layer protrusion with moderate elasticity is composed of an organic elastic material similar to abrasion-resistant hard rubber, and the radial thickness of the outer layer protrusion may be small and its circumferential direction The width can be large.
  • the rubber tooth body can be clamped directly on the carrier or can be fixed on the rigid tooth body with no outer layer protrusion.
  • the fixing method with the rigid tooth body can be as follows: a: The longitudinal sectional view of the hook teeth is shown in Figure 17 That is, the tooth body 6a of the rubber tooth body with the outer protrusion 8 is held by a rigid tooth body rolled by an iron plate.
  • the cross-sectional pattern of the iron plate tooth body 6b can be basically U-shaped, and it can be riveted by its root, Welded or clamped on the carrier 4; b.
  • Its longitudinal cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 18, that is, the tooth body 6c of the rubber tooth body with the outer protrusion 8 is a hollow sleeve, which can be sleeved on the carrier 4.
  • the outer periphery of the rod-shaped rigid tooth body 6d can be fastened by binding around a thin steel wire or fixed by a cross.
  • a short shaft 309 extending tangentially rearward of a trajectory ring that basically moves along its circumference can be fixed near the tooth top 9 of the discrete or partitioned tooth body 6 and hinged on the shaft or left and right
  • Two protruding blocks 8 having a small moment of inertia may be made of wear-resistant plastic or rolled with a thin metal sheet (such as a cymbal) to shaft holes and perpendicular or oblique to meet the edge 13.
  • the protruding block 8 is composed of Shoulder on short axis 309 or The lateral pin is positioned axially, it can rotate a certain angle around its axis and limit the position.
  • the protruding block 8 When the protruding block 8 moves around the threshing area above the carrier along with its body, the protruding block 8 is subject to its own centrifugal moment and the straw to the ring.
  • the torque of the external rebound force causes the extended end 14 to swing outwards until it is limited by the groove 310 and the protruding edge 311 on the shaft to a position with a small tooth slope angle. At this time, the distance d of the extended end is also small to facilitate pressure. Hold the stalk spikes in the stalk channel.
  • a torsion spring can also be added to offset the centrifugal moment of the protruding block. Fortunately, when entering the working surface of the stalk, the above two moments are balanced so that the tooth slope angle is about 20 °).
  • the torsion spring can be installed in the shaft hole or at the rear of the protruding block.
  • All the hook teeth with outer protrusions in the same thresher can use the above-mentioned deformed hook teeth, but they can also be mixed with rigid hook teeth to reduce costs.
  • circumferentially or axially adjacent hook teeth are separated by two types.
  • the arrangement of the entire hook teeth can still adopt the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method, but the outer protrusion can be smaller in the circumferential distance or the working linear speed can be greater.
  • All kinds of threshers can adopt the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method without strict rules, such as: (1) Hook teeth, especially the tooth body, need not be strictly equidistantly distributed in all directions; (2) The tooth body on the same side of the culm channel, especially the tooth body, need not coincide with the trajectory, that is, the culm channel only needs to be basically connected in the circumferential direction.
  • Various teeth can be provided with an inner layer protrusion 7 (see Figures 9-12), which can only help to speed up threshing. It can also be similar to the outer layer protrusion. It can press the stalk spike to the carrier and use the outer layer protrusion. Cover the grain splashing in front of the machine.
  • the striking edge 12a near the tooth tip 9 is used to straighten or straighten the tilting straw (See Figures 6A and 12A.)
  • the radial height component does not need to be large and the size of its angle of attack can be selected based on the speed of straightening the straw and the number of leaves that are broken.
  • the tooth top and / or The selection principles of the size and sharpness of the small tooth patterns 103 (as shown in Fig. 11E and Fig. 26B) that can be added to the adjacent facets are similar.
  • the striking face 12a near the tooth top 9 may be preferably set near the rear of each outer layer protrusion 8 so as not to thresh. effect.
  • FIG. 23 is an axial view of an oblique equal-effect endless belt threshing machine. Because the working linear velocity of the teeth of the threshing zone on the upper tight side of the carrier 4 is the same, the impact speed is the same. The equal-effect attack angles at the points of the tooth striking face are also equal at each point, so the hook teeth 18 made of the wire in the figure are in the shape of a broken line.
  • the length of the upper side of the belt-type thresher carrier 4, the inclination angle, and the size of the front and rear rollers or wheels are optimized based on factors such as the height of the straw, the number of grains splashing forward, and the efficiency of transporting the grains backward.
  • the back roller (or sprocket) can be used as the driving roller.
  • the ring piece clamps the hook teeth.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the ring piece is used as the drum peripheral surface.
  • the ring piece is axially perforated or has multiple semicircular hole grooves on the inner periphery for fixing and clamping the hook through a plurality of long bolts and the drum spoke plate.
  • the hook teeth are fixed on the slat.
  • the rear edge of the ring inner slat can be made into a tooth surface that can be driven by meshing with the rear four axial grooves of the driving roller. If a steel strip is used as a carrier, the narrow strip can be brazed or riveted to the steel strip.
  • the following changes can be made according to the working conditions: (1) If the stalk smoothness is found to be good The control of stalks and spikes by tooth hooks is not recommended. If it is better, the following related parameters or characteristics can be changed individually or in multiples as follows: 1, reduce the circumferential distance C of the outer layer protrusions to be smaller; 2, reduce the end trace distance d of each outer layer protrusions Reduce and / or increase the axial geometric component of the protrusion (the width of the stalk channel can also be appropriately increased accordingly); 3, make the tendency and slope of the hook surface more toward the track loop; 4 1. Increase the working speed of the teeth. 5.
  • the rice-wheat native thresher of the present invention can also be used to harvest long barley crops such as barley, oats, oil seed, corn, and corn, and can also be used in various threshers for threshing after cutting. Corresponding parameters can be selected and optimized for the application.
  • threshing device 3 As shown in FIGS. 27, 31, 33, and 39 to 56, there is a threshing device 3 at the front of the native threshing rice and wheat harvester of each scale.
  • the threshing device 3 has at least one drum-type thresher whose axis is arranged horizontally. Hook-tooth roller 1 or endless belt thresher 2
  • thresher 1 or 2 a splash guard 49 fixed or placed on the rack
  • the splash guard 49 has a top cover plate and a side baffle plate, and the inner surface of the splash cover 49 is between the thresher 1 or 2
  • the stalk introduction particle channel 317 has a full-width stalk inlet 315 at the front end of the channel 317, and the other end is in communication with the grain storage device or the grain elm feeding device.
  • the inner surface of the top cover plate of the splash guard 49 is preferably a curved surface capable of reflecting the sputtered grains backwards, or a cushioning material is also attached to the inner surface of the rear part to prevent the enclosed grains from being damaged.
  • the side of the threshing device 3 that is not harvested can be added as shown in Figure 28
  • the spatial position of the inner side 320 of the divided cereal cone 319 can at least guide the boundary receivable straw 20 to the tooth slope 10 of the hook 18 of the threshing end of the thresher 1 or 2.
  • the furrow cone may be replaced by the hook teeth 18 at the extreme end of the thresher 1 or 2 and the front end of the frame 79 may be extended into the track loop of the outer protrusion 8 of the hook teeth 18 at the outermost end.
  • an additional threshing pan can be provided in the splash guard 49. After receiving the pre-threshing of the stalk, it enters the hook-tooth drum 1 to continue threshing.
  • a cross beam 321 with a width that can block longer straws is provided near the hook drum 1 near the hook cylinder 1.
  • the cross beam may be a flat plate (Fig. 39) You can also add many small teeth or rod-shaped comb teeth 322 on it
  • the hook-toothed drum 1 used with the above-mentioned additional threshing piece is preferably an oblique cross-section. Tests have shown that when the hook 11 of the hook 18 is in the tangential view of the hook-toothed drum 1 or as shown in FIG. 27 The hook shape shown in the axial view does not cause the stalk 20 to sink into the hook too deeply, and at the same time, the angle between the tooth hook striking face 13 and the axis of the hook roller 1 shown in the warp view shown in FIG.
  • the ear 21 of the longer straw blocked by the additional threshing member can be discharged from the hook 11 and left on the additional threshing member.
  • the retained ear portion 21 can be threshed in advance and gradually detached from the additional threshing piece, and then enter the hook-tooth drum 1 to continue threshing.
  • a cross beam 323 is installed above or behind the diagonal or non-skew hook-tooth drum 1.
  • a horizontal row or multiple horizontal rows are fixed on the cross beam and spaced along each row.
  • Many long comb teeth 324 extending in front of the front, the front of the comb teeth
  • the tip 326 does not protrude from the outer layer 8 of the hook teeth 18 on the stalk-intake working surface 17 of the hook drum 1.
  • the interval between the adjacent comb teeth in a single row should be slightly smaller than the ear diameter of the crop ear 21, and multiple rows
  • the adjacent rows of comb teeth are preferably staggered and the interval between the rows of comb teeth in the same row can be larger than the diameter of the crop ears.
  • a number of small comb teeth 325 can be added to the sides of the long comb teeth 324
  • the small calyx teeth are best inclined backward and downward.
  • the gap between adjacent calyx teeth should be smaller than the grain size and larger than the branch diameter of the spike branch, so as to facilitate the smooth passage of the straw from the comb space and improve the comb threshing. effect.
  • This or additional threshing piece can be used with oblique or non-diagonal or hooked rollers 1.
  • the movement required for combing and threshing of higher native straws on the comb teeth can be pulled and pulled by the hook of the hooked roller 1. And / or the relative backwardness of the whole machine.
  • the curtain has a beam 330 installed at the front of the hood panel of the splash guard 49 and one or more horizontal rows of curtain bars 331 fixed at the upper end to the beam 330.
  • the strips protrude downward in parallel, its lower end 332 is suspended and close to the crests of the hook teeth 18 in the front upper part of the thresher 1 or 2.
  • the curtain strips 331 can pass at least the ears 21 of the native crops smoothly.
  • the cord 331 is preferably made of cord 335 which is not easy to bend backwards and deforms laterally and elastically and from Two curtain leaves 333 (see FIG. 34) or filaments 334 (see FIG. 35) which are protruded and easily elastically deformed.
  • the cross section of the curtain strip 331 can be as shown in FIG. 37.
  • the curtain ribs 335 are preferably flat, and the curtain blades 333 are preferably angled with the apex angle facing forward.
  • the curtain leaf 333 and the curtain wire 334 may be made of an elastic organic material.
  • the curtain wire may also be a steel wire, which is clamped, bonded or sleeved on the curtain bone 335 with a sleeve 336.
  • the multi-row curtain strips are preferably staggered in the adjacent rows (see Figure 36).
  • Splash-proof wheel As shown in FIG. 43, a full-width splash-proof wheel 337 near the front edge of the top cover of the splash-proof cover 49 is provided on the upper and front of the thresher 1 or 2. A plurality of circumferentially spaced and uniformly spaced pieces are arranged on the wheel shaft 338. A blade 339 of a certain length is extended outside. The defense The installation height of the splash wheel 337 is such that the blade 339 is close to or can be inserted into the native crop near the thresher. During operation, the splash wheel is rotated in the lower direction from front to back, and the grains sputtered forward and upward are covered by The blade 339 blocks and throws into the stalk-introducing particle guide channel 317 in the splash guard 49.
  • Front fan One or more coaxial centrifugal fans are arranged on the front and top of the thresher 1 or 2.
  • the shaft of the fan is horizontally horizontal, the rotation direction of the impeller is preferably rotated downward, and the position of the air outlet can be adjusted slightly higher than The head of the crops, so that the wind flows backward and obliquely down, and the ears are blown ahead of the thresher; the air outlets of multiple coaxial fans can be gradually expanded forward and / or wind guide blades can be set in the air outlets to make the full width
  • the spikes within the wide range receive uniform wind.
  • This fan can not only prevent the grains from sputtering forward, but also feed the stalk ears in advance to increase the time of threshing.
  • Partial structure cross-sectional view 38 shows a triangular belt pulley which can be arranged in the tooth zone of a hook tooth cylinder.
  • the wheel on both sides of the rim has protrusions 8 distributed at a distance from the outer peripheral surface 4 of the drum in a circumferential direction.
  • the protrusions 8 cooperate with the double-sided triangle belt 347 to form a tooth slope 10 and
  • the hooks 11 for the straw can be hooked.
  • the grains removed by the threshing device 3 of the harvester are directly classified into the fixed or withdrawable storage granules placed under the threshing device 3.
  • Box 51 the grains in the box can be removed by removing the rear part 48 of the splash cover 49 (as shown in Fig. 39, Fig. 41) or withdrawn from the box (as shown in Fig. 40). Take out the open food intake.
  • the front edge 52 of the grain storage box 51 should be as close as possible to the lower or rear part of the thresher 1 or 2.
  • the sides of the box, or at least the lower part facing the side of the unharvested crops, should preferably be widened as much as possible.
  • the driving control part of the low-level box-type harvester can be borrowed from other agricultural walking machines, or it can be realized by the following special methods.
  • the wheel drive type traveling equipment The installation includes: a sliding board arranged below the grain storage box 51 or used by the bottom surface of the grain storage box
  • a wheel shaft for driving the ground wheel 61 is provided at the lower end of the wheel fork 62.
  • the wheel fork 62 is provided on the fixed wheel fork shaft sleeve 64 via the wheel fork shaft 63 to drive the ground.
  • Each side of the wheel 61 is provided with a pedal rod 65, and one end of the pedal rod 65 is coaxially or coaxially connected with the wheel shaft 66 of the driving wheel 61 on the ground wheel fork 62.
  • a pawl 68 on the blade 67 (can also act on a ratchet wheel fixed to the ground wheel), and a pedal 69 is provided at the other end of the pedal.
  • a seat cushion 54 is provided on the upper end of the wheel fork shaft 63 above the driving wheel 61.
  • the drive mechanism of the thresher 1 or 2 is composed of a pair of manual crank and rocker mechanism 56 and a speed-increasing gear pair 57 which are arranged in parallel on both sides of the fuselage, and the manual part is a piece connected with the rocker 58 on both sides. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 59 ⁇ Horizontal push rod 59.
  • the operator rides on the seat cushion 54 and pushes the push rod 59 with both hands to drive the thresher 1 or 2 to run, and at the same time, his feet alternately perform work on the pedal 69 to drive the whole machine forward. Since the driving wheel 61, the pedal 69, and the seat cushion 54 are all in the same system with the wheel fork shaft 63 as the rotation center, the operator is driving the driving wheel 61 to turn.
  • the transmission mechanism of the thresher 1 or 2 is composed of a pair of triangular belt pulleys 70 or a pair of chains
  • the wheel is composed of a set of parallel and synchronized crank and link mechanisms.
  • One side of the crank 71 is fixed on the driving wheel, and the other side of the crank 71 is fixed on the axle 72 which is rigidly connected to the driving wheel.
  • the horizontal manual push-pull lever 59 is connected at both ends, and the other end is connected to the crank 71 via a crank pin; (2)
  • the drive wheel 61 adopts a chain drive, and the active sprocket 74 and the left and right legs each have three pedals 69.
  • the coaxially rigid connection of the tread wheel is provided on the bracket 75 connected to the wheel fork 62; (3)
  • the planetary wheel steering mechanism is adopted.
  • the mechanism has a sector shape with the wheel fork shaft 63 as the rotation center and the rigid connection of the frame.
  • the gear 76 has a small gear 77 disposed on a wheel frame 87 connected to the wheel fork 62 on the outer periphery thereof, and the steering wheel 78 drives the small gear 77 to rotate around the steering shaft
  • the sector gear 76 makes planetary movements to deflect and steer the drive wheels 61.
  • this driving control method is powered by the entire machine 3 ⁇ 4 engine 80, and its running device includes a sliding plate 53 provided below the grain storage box 51 or used by the bottom surface of the grain storage box, and a wheel carrier or a transmission box (deceleration) Box or gearbox) at least one driving wheel 61 provided behind the grain storage box 51.
  • the engine 80 is arranged at the middle or one side of the frame above the driving wheel 61, which is beneficial to the balance of the whole machine and ensuring sufficient adhesion of the driving wheel. Its power can be used alone or in combination with belt drive, chain drive, open type or box type. Gears, worms and worms are transmitted to the drive wheel 61 and the thresher 1 or 2 respectively.
  • This type of harvester can be operated by walking and walking.
  • the armrest 85 and the rack are fixedly connected to the upper and rear sides of the driving wheels 61.
  • the whole machine is steered by the steering mechanism or by the operator directly applying lateral thrust to the armrest 85. If a trailer or tail wheel connected to the frame is added to the rear and upper part of the handlebar 85 and a seat cushion is provided on it, the machine can be used for both walking and riding (see Figures 44 and 45).
  • threshing height of thresher 1 or 2 can also be provided with the following height adjustment mechanism:
  • the shaft of the front roller of the hook roller 1 or the endless belt thresher 2 is set on a frame with mounting holes of different heights via a bearing seat 181, and different selections are made according to different heights of the crops. Mounting hole can get the right threshing height.
  • the rear end of the sliding plate 53 is hinged to the frame via the left and right hinge pins 182, and a left and right side of the sliding plate 53 can be changed to a support sleeve 83 between the front of the sliding plate 53 and the threshing device 3.
  • the connecting rod 84 is connected to change the length of the supporting rod 84, the connecting length of the supporting rod 84 and the supporting sleeve 83 is adjusted, the sliding plate 53 rotates around the hinge pin 182, and the threshing device 3 as a whole is raised to obtain the required threshing height.
  • the frame may be provided with a plurality of hinge holes 183 of different heights.
  • the height of The adjusted support rod 84 is provided with one driven wheel 86 on the left and right, and the length of the support rod 84 is adjusted so that the thresher 1 or 2 obtains an appropriate threshing height.
  • the driven wheel 86 can be removed to make the sliding plate 53 slide on muddy water, which is helpful to reduce the running resistance.
  • the driven wheel 86 can be used to compare the resistance. Small scroll marches.
  • the above-mentioned threshing height adjustment mechanisms such as ⁇ and the above-mentioned row-row stalk rowing method, are used to adapt the crop height to a wider range.
  • the manpower machine that uses the crank rocker mechanism 56 and the gear pair 57 to drive the thresher can also place its crank rocker mechanism in place for threshing.
  • the front of the device doubles as a human-powered rice paddy machine that can be operated by one person.
  • the front part of the upper cover plate of the splash guard 49 is preferably retractable or removable.
  • FIGs 42 to 48 each show a bag-type harvester.
  • the grain removed by the threshing device 3 of the harvester is directly lifted into the bag tube 50 by an endless threshing belt thresher. As shown in Figure 42), or by the grain conveying device to the bag-in tube 50 (as shown in Figures 43 to 48).
  • the bag loading tube 50 is provided at an operator's reach, and a bag support plate 89 for holding a grain bag 88 is arranged below the bag support tube 89.
  • the bag support plate 89 may be specially designed or may be provided by a sliding plate 53 in a walking device. Dual use.
  • the following simple measures can be adopted: (1) Divide the bag-entering pipe 50 into two branch pipes, and set a switchable grain-cutting valve at the confluence of the two branch pipes, or set each branch pipe separately.
  • the grain interception valve may also be provided with a grain interception valve 91 on a single bagging tube 50 having a certain grain storage pipe section as shown in FIG. 45; (2) As shown in FIG. 45, two outside the bagging tube 50 are provided The bag hook 92 and the bag mouth of the grain bag 88 or the bag ears are hung on the bag hook 92; (3) As shown in FIG. 44, at least one of the two bag hooks 92 is fixed at one end to the upper part of the bag tube 50 and has a certain size.
  • Length of rope Or the elastic band can be stretched.
  • one side of the ears of multiple spare grain bags 88 can be pre-threaded into a rope or tape. Take one by one when changing the belt. Stretch the tape to easily stretch the bag hook 92. Exit from the loaded grain bag 88 to be replaced; (4) As shown in FIG. 47, the bag support plate 89 is hinged on the fixed frame, and the bag is placed flat when receiving the food, and it is fixed when the bag is unloaded The deflection tilts the bag to the side of the harvester to the ground.
  • the driving control part of the bagged harvester can be borrowed from other agricultural walking machines, or it can be implemented by the following special methods:
  • the driving device and the transmission device of the driving control method can adopt the basic structure of the above-mentioned low-position box-type manpower machine, and the differences are as follows: (1), the sliding plate 53 below the threshing device 3 can also serve as a carrier bag Plate 89; (2) Manual push-pull rod 59 drives threshing device 3 through the transmission mechanism.
  • the specific structure please refer to the following mobile bagging machine).
  • the knuckle 93 of the driving wheel 61 may be provided at the rear middle portion of the sliding plate 53.
  • the operator riding on the seat cushion 54 simultaneously exerts a lateral force on the manual push-pull rod 59 during the persuasion exercise. Steering can be achieved just like a walk-behind tractor.
  • a sliding plate 53 having a certain lateral width is provided at the lower rear of the threshing device 3, and one or two of the sliding plates 53 are arranged on the transmission box via the axles behind the sliding plate 53.
  • the driving wheel 61, the engine 80 is provided on the frame above the driving wheel 61, the bag holder 89 is provided behind the driving wheel 61, and there are two left and right armrest handles 85 protruding from the rack at the upper rear of the bag holder 89, The operator assists in the step-and-follow operation. The whole machine applies a lateral force to the handle 85 or the steering mechanism realizes the steering.
  • the method of moving the engine can be used to tension the V-belt.
  • the tensioning mechanism has an eccentric rod 101 and connects the eccentric rod 101 and the engine 80
  • the connecting rod 102 pushes and pulls the pseudo-mandrel 101 to deflect and limit the position, and the engine slides on the base to tighten or relax the V-belt.
  • a drop tray 103 (see FIG. 44) or a tail wheel 104 (see FIG. 45) and The seat cushion 54 thereon, which is connected to the frame or the bag holder 89 via the traction pin 184 together with the carriage 103 or the tail wheel 104, needs to be mounted on or removed from the clothes.
  • this driving control method has a driving wheel 61 in the middle of the rear of the whole machine, at least in front of the driving wheel 61 has a wide sliding plate 53, a driving cushion 61 has a cushion 54 above the front of the cushion 54 It is the bag loading tube 50, and the front and bottom is a bag holding plate 89.
  • the steering mechanism of the whole machine can adopt the following methods individually or simultaneously:
  • the seat cushion 54 and the sliding board 53 can extend to both sides of the driving wheel 61 respectively, and the operator moves the human body left and right to make the driving resistance of the whole machine asymmetrical and turn.
  • Each of the left and right sides behind the sliding plate 53 is provided with a foot-type mud-increasing resistor 111.
  • the front end 113 of the swing lever 112 is hinged on the frame, and the rear end is fixed with rake teeth that are easy to enter the mud.
  • the teeth are preferably arranged horizontally in multiple intervals.
  • the middle part of the rod is provided with a pedal 69 and a return frame for the upper hem.
  • the rear end is fixed with rake teeth that are easy to enter the mud.
  • the rake teeth are preferably arranged in multiple intervals horizontally.
  • the rake teeth are preferably arranged in a plurality of horizontal rows.
  • the middle part of the rod has a pedal 69 and a return mud on the upper side. Depth control. Because the forward speed of the harvester is slow, the increase of the resistance increaser is not much.
  • the synchronous drive and single-action can be implemented by: (1) Two driving wheels 61 are respectively arranged on the left and right half shaft extensions of the transmission box. There are two left and right steering clutches in the transmission box. The two steering clutches are engaged or separated at the same time to make the entire straight drive or turn ( Figure Not shown);
  • the two driving wheels 61 are respectively driven by the output shaft of the transmission box 113 with a steering clutch via a chain transmission mechanism (see FIG. 47).
  • the sliding plate 53 is extended to the front of the two driving wheels 61, or another sliding plate is provided in front of or between the two driving wheels, and the two driving wheels 61 are respectively arranged on the left and right symmetrically via the axles.
  • the rear ends of the two wheel forks 114 and the front ends of the two wheel forks 114 are respectively hinged on the left and right output shafts 115 of the transmission box 113 or on the frame and the hinge center coincides with the axis of the output shaft 115.
  • the chain transmission mechanism transmits power to the left and right drive wheels 61.
  • the two driving wheels 61 are lower than the floor 53.
  • Proper adjustment of the spring force or connection position of the spring 116 can enable the two driving wheels 61 to obtain a suitable depth of penetration into the mud and reduce unnecessary subsidence resistance.
  • Overcoming the elastic force of the spring 116 on one side makes The fork 114 on the corresponding side drives the driving wheel 61 to rise upward by a certain height, which can reduce the adhesion of the driving wheel 61 on the corresponding side to leave the ground, and the harvester is driven by the single-sided driving wheel 61 and turned.
  • the lifting mechanism that lifts the driving wheel 61 against the elastic force of the spring 116 can be realized by a simple and labor-saving woodworking lever mechanism.
  • the fulcrum of the lever 117 of the mechanism is hinged on the frame, and one end of the lever 117 passes through the rod 118 and the middle of the wheel fork 114 or The rear part is hinged, and the other end is provided with a pedal 69 for operation.
  • a steering wheel 119 is disposed at the lower end of a wheel fork 62 that extends obliquely rearward and downward through a wheel shaft, and a wheel fork shaft 63 at an upper portion of the wheel fork 62 is provided at a wheel fork shaft fixedly connected to the frame.
  • the pedals 69 provided on the wheel fork 62 and protruding to both sides are operated, and the steering wheel 119 deflects with the wheel fork 62 to steer the whole machine; if a differential transmission device is provided between the two driving wheels 61, Makes steering more flexible;
  • the transmission device is provided with a steering clutch capable of single-acting the driving wheel 61, so that the steering wheel 119 can automatically adapt to the steering, and of course, the pedal 69 can also be operated to cooperate with the steering;
  • the threshing height of the threshing machine 1 or 2 of each of the above-mentioned bagged harvesters can be adjusted as follows: (1) As shown in FIGS. 43, 44, 45, the threshing machine 1 or 2 or the threshing device 3 and the sliding plate 53 A support rod 84 and a support sleeve 83 which can be movably and positionally connected with each other are arranged symmetrically between the left and right, and the connection length of the support rod 84 and the support sleeve 83 is adjusted to raise or lower the thresher 1 or 2 or the threshing device 3; (2 ) As shown in FIG. 42 and FIG.
  • the support rod 84 has a fixed length, and a plurality of optional hinge holes are provided on the sliding plate 53.
  • the support rod 84 is connected to different hinge holes to enable the thresher. 1 or 2 or threshing device 3 is raised or lowered; (3), various adjustment methods of the low-level box-type harvester as described above, or other methods such as hydraulic pressure, screw mechanism, etc. may also be adopted;
  • the thresher 1 or 2 or the threshing device 3 can be connected to the frame via the revolving frame and the transition driving wheel can be set at a position where the axis coincides with the revolving center line.
  • the slewing rack may be dedicated or used by the housing of the conveying device (see Fig. 47).
  • the grain removed by the threshing device placed horizontally on the front of the machine is conveyed to the grain silo directly or re-sorted and sorted by the grain conveying device, and the grain silo or the compounded sorting device is set in front of the walking device.
  • the walking device On the upper back or upper side, the walking device may be specially designed, or other agricultural walking machinery (such as a crawler or four-wheel tractor) with a certain load-bearing capacity may be borrowed.
  • Fig. 49 and Fig. 50 show a specific embodiment of a warehouse-mounted harvester.
  • the walking device of the machine adopts a track 120 with a large grounding area.
  • a granary 121 or a double-separation sorting device is provided at the upper rear of the walking device.
  • An engine 80 and a cushion 54 are arranged in front of the granary 121 and a double-separation sorting device 186.
  • the threshing device 3 and the grain conveying device are connected by hydraulic pressure.
  • the suspension mechanism 162 or other suspension means is placed in front of the walking device, and the grains removed by the threshing device 3 are conveyed to the multiple de-cleaning device 186 through the previous-stage conveying device 185, and then conveyed by the multiple-de-cleaning device 185.
  • the device is delivered to the granary 121.
  • the subsequent conveying device of the multiple de-separating and clearing device 186 preferably can change the conveying route.
  • the double separation and cleaning device 186 there is a horizontal set stirrer 163 that sends clean grains to the grain silo 121.
  • the bottom surface of the dragon trough of the aggressing agitation 166 has an opening and closing bin opening 167.
  • the inlet bin 167 is opened, and the stirrer 164 is stopped, and the grains are discharged into the silo 121 via the stirrers 163, 165, and 166; when the grains need to be discharged from the silo 121
  • the bin 167 is closed, the auger 163 stops or runs opposite to the thrust of the auger 164, and the grain in the warehouse is discharged and unloaded by the auger 164, 165, and 166, or the auger 165 and 166 stop turning and are discharged by auger 163 and 164 (at this time, the side of auger 164 should communicate with the outside world, shown in the figure);
  • the grain storehouse 121 is storing grain
  • the grain inlet is still closed, the stirrer 164 stops or runs opposite to the thrust
  • the harvester is provided with at least a walking, steering device and a grain storage device by a transportation machine with a cargo box; the harvesting device or at least its threshing device is arranged in front of the transportation machine supporting it through a connection and / or suspension mechanism; the harvesting device has The grains removed by the threshing device are conveyed to the conveying device of the cargo box.
  • connection and / or suspension mechanism of the threshing device may be implemented as follows:
  • Fig. 51 shows a connection mechanism suitable for use with a transporting machine such as a walk-behind tractor with no load-bearing capacity at the front.
  • This mechanism sets the threshing device 3 together with the front of the conveying device on a sliding plate 53 to slide.
  • the plate 53 is hinged to the frame of the walk-behind tractor 169 via the rear end of the bracket 168 connected to the plate 53.
  • the hinge pin is preferably coaxial or coaxial with the axle of the intermediate transmission wheel 170.
  • the rear of the transporting pipe 408 can be suspended on the trailer 173 and the railing 172 with a rope or chain 171, and it is best to make the transporting pipe 408 and the tractor 169
  • the perpendicular of the traction pin 174 intersects, and a ball joint 175 is provided at the intersection.
  • the mechanism has a pair of left-right symmetrical mounting brackets 360 that can be mounted on the front end of the frame 370 of a truck, and a pair of left-right symmetrical ends between the two fixing brackets 360 and the harvesting device suspension 361.
  • the working height of the harvesting device is adjusted by a lifting mechanism.
  • the left and right double rockers 362 deflect synchronously as the height of the adjustment is adjusted to stabilize the harvesting device in the corresponding position.
  • the lifting mechanism may be a hydraulic oil cylinder, a wire winch, a lever mechanism, or a screw mechanism 363 as shown in FIG. 67. In order to keep the rear part of the lifting tube in the harvesting device backward to the carriage, it is not affected by the height adjustment of the front part and does not leave the support point.
  • the lifting pipe preferably has a flexible hose. If each rocker 362 is set to be the same length and parallel, the harvesting device can adjust the height by translation, and the working performance is more For stability.
  • one or two left and right sections of the sleeve 380 with the same transverse axis line are fixed to the front or lower end of the frame stringer 370 or the longitudinal extension 379.
  • a power transmission shaft can be installed in the sleeve. 381 in order to facilitate the use of the harvesting device to draw power from the car engine
  • the two sides of the casing can be used as supporting shafts for the harvesting device and the transportation machinery, and there are two left and right symmetrical shafts on the left and right supporting shafts of the casing 380.
  • the lever 383 is hinged to it, the left and right levers can be rigidly connected at the rear, and articulated to the lower end 385 of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 384, and the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body is articulated to the frame 370.
  • the hydraulic pump can be provided by a car or a manual hydraulic pump).
  • the front end 387 can reach the horizontal vertical plane of the center of gravity of the harvesting device and is provided with a semicircle ⁇ / groove.
  • a pair of short-axis 386 pairs of left and right symmetry are provided at the appropriate position of the harvesting machine frame 382 at the horizontal plane.
  • the groove can be hinged with the short shaft 386.
  • the rear end of the harvesting device frame 382 has a solitary plate with the short shaft 386 as the axis.
  • the plate has a plurality of optional positioning holes 388 which can be connected to the front of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle. Stretch The positioning holes on the ⁇ 379 are used for positioning with pins. During the suspension and harvesting operations, the height of the front of the lever is adjusted by hydraulic cylinders.
  • the front stage of the grain conveying device of this machine can adopt various conveying methods of the other models mentioned above.
  • the rear stage or final stage of loading grain into the car can be realized as follows:
  • a centrifugal fan 406 is provided at the rear of the threshing device 3, and an outlet pipe of the fan is a conveying pipe 408 and the incoming grain pipe 36 of the previous-stage conveying device is directly connected or communicated through an air closer 407 and Extending to the car, the transport path can be:
  • the conveying pipe 408 passes back and upwards across the dune cab and blows the grains to the carriage.
  • the tail of the pipe can be supported by the railing of the truck or the special support frame.
  • the elevation angle of the grain section can be adjusted by using the natural wind. Of cereals for cleaning;
  • One or more holes are opened at an appropriate part of the bottom plate of the carriage, and the conveying pipe 408 communicates with the holes by a single pipe or divided into multiple branch pipes to lift the grain into the carriage; in order to make the carriage full of grain
  • Each hole can also be provided with a so-called loading tube that is higher than the car rail; when it is necessary to borrow the supporting transportation machinery for other transportation operations In the industry, you can remove the loading tube and plug the hole to block the hole.
  • the power required by the harvesting device of this machine can be provided by a dedicated engine, or it can be taken from the engine, transmission or reducer of borrowing transportation machinery.
  • the machine at least its walking, steering and grain storage devices are provided by a combined cargo truck, which has a front engine, a drive rear axle, a frame suspended by leaf springs, a truck box, the vehicle and its associated
  • the corresponding features of the harvesting device include: (1), the vehicle's transmission has at least one reverse gear suitable for the forward speed of the harvest, and the vehicle retreats forward during the harvesting operation; (2), the vehicle's frame has a The corresponding active connection mechanism of the harvesting device is installed.
  • the threshing device may be installed at the lower rear of the frame, that is, the rear of the rear wheel of the car, and at least one side of the threshing width of the thresher exceeds the car.
  • the harvesting device has a grain conveying device for loading grains into the car from the side of the car or through the floor of the car; (4) the harvesting device is provided from The car's engine is divided into power or another engine with a lower persuasion rate.
  • This type of harvester can use the following methods to adjust the working height of its thresher: (1), the mounting bracket of the thresher is connected to the frame via the transverse pin, and the speed reduction mechanism or the hydraulic cylinder is used to rotate the support by hand (2)
  • the mounting bracket of the threshing device is fixed at the rear of the frame, and the vehicle is provided with a hydraulic system that can adjust the height of the rear of the frame, that is, the height of the threshing device from the ground, or is also used to dump the car.
  • the system has two left-right symmetrical or one left-right centered (the car's decelerator can be offset).
  • the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder body is hinged or warped by a lateral pin and a bracket fixed on the rear axle housing of the car. Articulated connection, the upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder or the a of the piston.
  • the hydraulic power output end is connected to the frame via a transverse pin or via a ball joint to make the hydraulic red Adjust the lift off the suspension frame by adjusting the height above the ground at the rear of the frame during the harvesting operation The height of the threshing device in the granulator from the ground; b.
  • the car also has a movable hook H that can hook or detach the chassis undercarriage from the frame and a movable hook L that can hook or detach the chassis from the rear axle shell.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can adjust the ground clearance height of the thresher by adjusting the ground clearance height at the rear of the frame during the harvesting operation; when the hook H is not When the chassis of the truck is hooked to the chassis and the hook L is used to hook the chassis to the rear axle shell, the hydraulic cylinder can make the truck dump food.
  • the suspension method of suspending the harvesting device on the rear bottom of the frame is realized by the following embodiments. As shown in FIGS.
  • the threshing device 3 is bolted to the rear lower part of the car's auxiliary beam 413, that is, the rear of the rear wheel 431 through its bracket 410 and the cross beam 411 of the bracket.
  • One side extends beyond the outside of the side wheel 431 to prevent the wheel from damaging the border crop.
  • the left and right longitudinal beams of the car are preferably of the upper and lower two-layer type, so that the rear extension of the upper auxiliary beam 413 is higher off the ground and is suitable for harvesting higher crops.
  • Each part of the grain conveying device included in the harvesting device that loads grains into the car from the side of the car 435 is fixed to the car frame or its extension bracket by bolts.
  • the final stage lifting device of the grain conveying device is realized by the following methods: (1) The lifting pipe of the chain lifting plate lifter or lifting stirrer or valley lifter or fan passes through at least one side of the carriage. The grains are lifted into the car at the top, and the upper grain outlets of various lift pipes are connected to the grain guide pipe for guiding the grain in the car. For models using hydraulic dumping, the grain guide pipe can be rotated or detachable. In order to prevent the cart from overturning when unloading the grain; (2) one or more holes are set on the bottom of the box of the car; during harvest, each hole can be installed with a grain loading tube, The upper grain outlet is higher than the surrounding fence of the car, and the lower end is connected to the grain inlet of the front-stage grain conveying device. When the car transports other goods, each hole can be blocked by its corresponding cover. The loading pipe can be bolted to the undercarriage of the carriage through a flange plate thereon.
  • the final stage of the grain conveying device corresponding to the loading tube may be: (1), The final stage of the centrifugal fan, the inlet of the fan can be as described above, and the outlet of the fan is connected to the loading pipe; (2), the final stage impeller valley lifter is connected to the loading pipe, The tube can be bent into a corresponding parabolic shape; (3) The above-mentioned loading tube is used as the outer shell to constitute the lifting auger. For models with hydraulic self-unloading, the lower end of the loading tube is automatically docked with the upper end of the corresponding lifting tube. The shell and shaft of the lifting auger can also be automatically docked in two stages when unloading grain.
  • the orientation of the grain outlet of the loading pipe is preferably such that the car box is substantially full or connected with a horizontally extending grain guiding pipe that can change the loading orientation.
  • FIG. 56 is an embodiment of the rear-mounted truck-mounted harvester that uses the hydraulic system to adjust the working height of the thresher and to dump the grain.
  • the rear end of the chassis 412 of the carriage 435 and the rear end of the auxiliary beam 413 are The transverse pin 436 is hinged, and the harvesting device and the mounting bracket 410 of the thresher 1 are fixed at the rear of the auxiliary beam 413.
  • the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 428 is hinged by the transverse pin 429 and the bracket 430, and the bracket 430 is connected to the rear axle housing 432.
  • the stroke amplifying mechanism of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is composed of tie rods 427 on both sides of the cylinder block and levers 415 on both sides.
  • the lower ends of the two tie rods 427 are hinged by a pin 429, and the upper ends of the two are connected by the lateral pins 414 and the rear ends of the two levers 415.
  • the front ends of the two levers are hinged by a transverse pin 419 and the chassis bottom frame 412, and the middle rear pin holes of the two levers are hinged by the transverse pin 416 and the upper end of the piston rod 417; for easy operation, the movable hooks are left and right
  • Two double hooks H and L mounted symmetrically on the outside of the frame beam 370 are made of double hooks on each side, and the middle part of the double hook is hinged to the frame beam 370 via a transverse pin 422;
  • On the rotating shaft 422) at least The lower hook L with a double hook on one side is provided with a tension spring 425 for disengaging it, and the upper hook H is provided with a cable 424 which can overcome the elastic force of the tension spring to disengage the cable.
  • the working process is as follows: When the tension spring 425 disengages the left and right lower hooks L and connects the left and right upper hooks H with the horizontal axis on the chassis 412, as long as the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 428 is controlled, the rear of the auxiliary beam 412 can be adjusted.
  • the threshing height of the thresher 1 to adapt to harvesting crops of different heights; when the operating cable 424 overcomes the tension spring 425, the upper and left upper hooks H are disengaged and the lower left and right
  • the bracket 426 of the horizontal pin 423 and the leaf spring 434 are fastened to the rear axle housing by U-bolts 433, so the auxiliary beam will not be pinned when the hydraulic concrete piston is tilted and the grain is discharged.
  • the shaft 436 is lifted.
  • a sleeve-type hydraulic cylinder can also be used to increase the stroke of its piston rod without a separate stroke enlargement mechanism.
  • the following measures can be adopted: (1). Using a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, when the car is unloaded with food, the Make the piston work downwards and force the distance between the frame and the rear axle to be smaller until the lower hook L can hook its corresponding cross pin, and then make the piston go upward to advise the dump box to unload the grain; (2), make the lower hook L corresponding cross pin
  • the distance from 423 to the rear axle housing is adjustable.
  • the left and right brackets of the transverse pin 426 have multiple pairs of transverse pin holes of different heights. This bracket is preferably cast in one piece with the rear axle housing, and its position can be on the side of the hydraulic cylinder. Inside the body, a corresponding movable hook is also installed above the bracket, that is, inside the frame beam.
  • the hydraulic cylinder piston When the harvester is transporting grain on the road, the hydraulic cylinder piston can be placed in a free floating state, which can assist the leaf spring to act as a buffer.
  • the operating mechanism of the hydraulic valve can be set in the driving room for easy operation.
  • the machine When harvesting, the machine can use the rearview mirror to determine the direction of regression.
  • the power required by the harvesting device can be set in the car's transmission or in the rear axle reducer to take off the power, or an engine with a lower power can be set.
  • the above-mentioned cargo trucks used in conjunction with the harvester be equipped with two rear driving wheels and can be easily replaced.
  • One is a common driving wheel suitable for ordinary transportation, and it has been proved that it is also suitable for harvesting operations in hard wheat fields under general climate conditions; the other can be similar to the driving wheel of a tractor or an existing large harvester.
  • This type of driving wheel is more suitable It is suitable for the operation of marshy rice and wheat fields.
  • the grain conveying device is represented by T and classified according to the flow of the grains. 1 category.
  • Their common features are shown in Figures 42, 46, 54, and 55. They are all equipped with an endless belt thresher 2 with a higher rear axle position, and the carrier conveys the removed grain to a higher position, a splash guard 49 and the rear slide plate 440 form a high grain guide channel 317 which can lead out the grain backwards.
  • the high-level grain guide channel 317 gradually expands backwards into one or two left and right bag-feeding tubes 50.
  • the Tu-type grain conveying device can be used for the aforementioned various small widths and the lightness of the grain bag near the threshing device. Bagging machine. If two left and right bag-feeding tubes are used, it is best to manually control the left and right bag-feeding tubes to be blocked or opened by manual control so that the left and right grain bags 88 can be replaced without stopping when one person works.
  • T 12 type The above-mentioned high grain guide channel 317 slides down the grains into the air outlet pipe 442 of the final stage lifting fan 406, and the grain conveying pipe 408 connected to the air outlet pipe blows the grains into the grain bag 88.
  • the grain guide channel 317 divides the grains into the high-level horizontal agitator 26 behind the belt threshing unit 2.
  • the agitator horizontally collects the grains to its side or Central food outlet.
  • the grain outlet 27 of the horizontal set auger 26 is in communication with the lower part of the elevator auger 445, and the upper opening of the auger 445 is connected to the bag tube 50.
  • the lifting auger 445 can be driven by a bevel gear pair 503 at the lower part.
  • FIG 55 may be used when the vehicle rear-mounted harvester shown, the 13 Î ⁇ grain auger outlet 26 of 27 air downwardly through the closed end 407 and the stage 406 elevators wind pipe 442 communicates, The upper end of the lifting pipe 408 communicating with the air outlet pipe is fixed or automatically grounded and communicates with the loading pipe 446 installed on the chassis of the trunk 435.
  • This type can also be used in front-mounted truck-mounted harvesters.
  • one or more side-by-side lifting augers or lifting centrifugal fans or impeller-type valleys can also be installed behind the horizontally-set auger 26 at the high position.
  • Device to connect the outlet 27 of the high-level horizontal auger with their inlet (see above), and their ascending tubes communicate vertically or rearwardly with the loading tube 446 passing through the floor of the trunk.
  • T 134 It is suitable for bagging machines or rear-mounted truck-type harvesters.
  • the auger 26 pushes grains to one side of the harvester. On the corresponding side, a chain scraper elevator or impeller that is coaxial with the auger 26 is installed.
  • the grain elevator 37 coaxial with the auger 26 behind the rear wheel 431 side of the car lifts grains from the side of the car box 435 into the car box through its lifting pipe 447.
  • the upper end of the lifting pipe is the best Bend to the side of the trunk or have a reflector.
  • the valley lifter 37 can also be replaced by a chain scraper elevator.
  • a longitudinal grain conveying device is provided at the rear of the drum-type or belt-type thresher, which receives the grains falling from the grain guide channel of the threshing device 3 and conveys them upwards and backwards to the high-level horizontal agitation dragon 26.
  • Long grain delivery device subsequent stage may be the same class ⁇ 13 described above.
  • the longitudinal grain conveyor can be implemented as follows:
  • the conveyor belt is the same width as the thresher 1.
  • the front roller is smaller and can be placed horizontally near the lower rear of the thresher 1 to facilitate the collection of grain.
  • the rear roller can be used as a driving roller.
  • an upper or lower pressing roller can be installed not far behind the front roller.
  • a shaker plate 41 having the same width is arranged near the thresher 1; the front end of the shaker plate extends to the lower and rear of the thresher 1 to facilitate the reception and removal of grains.
  • the high-level horizontal set auger 26, the upper surface of the wobble plate has zigzag-shaped transverse ribs and grooves 42, the wobble plate is shaken back and forth by a small amplitude obliquely upwards and downwards, and the grains on the wobble plate are thrown upward and upward.
  • the baffle plates on both sides can be extended backward by the side baffle plates of the thresher.
  • the wobble plate may be supported and driven by a crank 43 located at the upper or lower part of its skeleton, and the other end thereof may be supported by a rocker 44 hinged thereto.
  • the front part of the wobble plate can also be bent forward and stretched and restricted by the rollers to basically shake back and forth.
  • the common feature of this type of grain conveying device is that the threshing device 3 sorts the grains into the thresher 1 through the stalk-guiding channel 317.
  • the rear low-profile agitation dragon 28 may be provided with a forward-extended sliding valley plate 30 between the groove shell 29 of the auger 28 and the thresher.
  • Stir Dragon 28 collects the grain horizontally to the middle or side grain outlet, which is connected with the following grain lifting device:
  • the cross-grain mix outlet collector 28 communicates Long elevator stirred into the lower portion of long grain inlet 504, an upper elevator stirred Long grain exit port 504 communicating tube 50 into the bag.
  • Every elevator that is coaxial with the low-level auger 28 can be installed on one of the side shaft extensions of the auger 28. If it is set in the middle of the auger 28, the front of the shell of the elevator is angled to make the grains It does not lose by reflecting forward and downward).
  • Model T 34 as shown in FIG. 53, a small valley lifter which is coaxial with the low-level transverse agitation dragon 28 lifts the grain into the subsequent larger valley lifter 37, and the upper end of the lift pipe 36 passes the air closer 407
  • the lifting pipe 408 communicates with the lifting fan 406, and the lifting pipe 408 communicates with the aforementioned loading pipe from under the frame.
  • the left and right two sets of positive and negative spiral blades of the left and right set of agitation dragons 28 can set grains to the middle or somewhere on one side.
  • the long trough casing 29 is opened downwardly or to one side to communicate with the suction pipe 38.
  • the upper end of the suction pipe 38 is connected to the inlet of the enlarged cavity portion of the grain separator 39.
  • the outlet of the separator 39 is connected to the centrifugal fan 406 through the suction pipe 40.
  • the air inlet keeps the separation tank 39 at a negative pressure capable of sucking up the grain. Grain grains fall through the air closer 407 under the separator and enter the fan 406, which is the lift pipe 408, which is connected to the lift pipe 408. Bag tube 50 or loading tube.
  • the suction centrifugal fan may be: (1) a dedicated suction and exhaust fan, that is, only the light impurities in the grain can enter the suction and exhaust fan through the suction pipe, and then blow out the machine through the air outlet pipe of the fan (2) As shown in Figures 45 and 52, the suction centrifugal fan is also the last-stage lifting fan 406.
  • the separator 39 may use Generally, a volumetric or cyclone type separator, etc., the air closer may be a rotary vane type or a one-way valve type.
  • the one-way valve type air closer may be a valve closed by gravity and / or elastic force, which is hinged in the grain feeding pipe 501, as shown in FIGS. 45, 51, and 52. A certain thickness of grains on it prevents the air flow from the blowing pipe 408 from flowing back to the suction pipe. Either type can be used for the two vehicle-mounted harvesters.
  • the tank of the separator 39 When used in a rear-mounted harvester, as shown in FIG. 56, the tank of the separator 39 may be installed in front of the rear wheel 431 or outside the side member 370, or the space outside the trunk side may be used.
  • the lower part can be tilted toward the inside of the car so that the grains can fall into the air outlet pipe 442 of the lifting centrifugal fan 406 installed on the longitudinal beam of the car through the air closer 407.
  • its impeller can be installed on the same horizontal axis as the impeller of the lifting fan 406.
  • the suction pipe 38 can pass through the circular hole 502 on the side member of the vehicle through the middle of the vehicle and communicate with the separator 39.
  • Fig. 44 shows a sorting grass sieve 126, which is placed obliquely between the lifting pipe 36 and the bag-into bag 50. The grass is separated by the inclination of the sieve and the vibration of the engine to the whole machine.
  • Figures 45, 51, and 52 show a very simple exhaust gas cleaning device 127, which has a clear flow channel 128 that communicates with the blowing pipe 408 and the flow area is relatively enlarged, and the pellets entering the cleaning flow channel 128
  • the air flow decelerates to the suspending speed of the grain (about 7 m / s).
  • the grain is settled and slid into the bag tube 50 (or the grain discharge tube) via the inclined plane 129, while the light debris continues to be suspended and is carried by the air flow into the waste pipe. 130 until discharged out of the machine or into the miscellaneous box.
  • a louver slide 131 may also be provided in the cleaning flow path.
  • the upper slope surface of the louver slide 131 ushers in the flow direction, and the arrangement interval and the slope of the slope can at least allow the grains to smoothly slide down.
  • the upper part of the relatively enlarged cleaning flow path 128 of the port on the blowing pipe 408 has a curved surface 132, which can make the grains that are decelerated with the air flow reflect downward and fall quickly into the grain output pipe 50. The light debris continues to be suspended and is carried by the airflow into the dust removal pipe 130.
  • a jujube-shaped inner shell 132 is located near the upper port of the blowing pipe 408.
  • the inner shell and the outer shell 133 are fixed to the blowing pipe 408 by bones and bones, and a cross section is formed between the inner and outer shells.
  • the cleaning flow channel 128 having a circular shape and a gradually enlarged cross-sectional area, the grains entering the cleaning flow channel 128 decelerate and settle with the airflow, and fall into the chute 135 through the annular grain outlet pipe 134 between the lower end of the casing 133 and the blowing pipe 408 While entering the grain storage device, the light debris still goes up with the decelerating airflow and is discharged out of the machine through the waste pipe 130.
  • the blowing pipe 408 is connected to the cleaning flow path 128 with an enlarged flow area.
  • the lower surface 136 of the cleaning flow path 128 is inclined so that the settled grains can slide into the grain output pipe 50, and the impurities are light. With the decelerated airflow, the object is discharged out of the machine through the impurity discharge pipe 130.
  • a re-separation device can be added to the grain separation or cleaning device.
  • Figures 41 or 43, 45, 47 each show a waste removal mechanism that can be used in a threshing device to directly discharge weeds out of the machine or can be detached again.
  • a sieve 143 Inside is located behind the hook roller 1 (or endless belt thresher) is a sieve 143 that can intercept the debris in the particle guide channel 317 and allow the grains to pass through.
  • the lower part of the sieve 143 is close to the rear lower part of the hook roller 1 until it is under the working surface of the hook roller into the stalk. With the help of the hook roller The hitting teeth on 1 throw the weeds intercepted by the trash sieve 143 toward the ground; (2) As shown in FIG.
  • a small threshing roller is arranged horizontally behind the hook-toothed roller 1 for the purpose of removing and retreating.
  • the weeding sieve 180 is connected to it, and the debris is dropped into the gap between the small roller 141 and the concave plate 142 along the impurity sieve 143 and the weeds are thrown by the small roller 141 to the hook roller 1 after being removed.
  • the front peripheral surface of the concave plate screen 142 is extended to a suitable envelope length that can accept falling debris without being thrown to the hook drum 1.
  • the threshing teeth of the small drum 141 can be installed spirally obliquely or The spiral guide plate, along with the debris sieve 143 falling into the gap between the small drum 141 and the four-plate sieve 142, is repeatedly removed from the machine by the spiral shaft thrust.
  • the above structure is also suitable for a dual-axis thresher, where the small threshing drum 141 can also double as a crossbar as described above, so that the diagonal hook-type drum can realize threshing of taller straw in advance and replace the threshing gear threshing height adjustment mechanism. .
  • the dual-purpose structure is a horizontally rotatable pattern in the shell 140 of the separator.
  • a rod or percussion type double-removing drum 141 is provided with a concave plate 142 under the double-removing drum 141.
  • the grain Continue to move forward during settling, and its grains pass through the sieve 143 It fell into the feed tube 501, and the debris was trapped and fell into the compounder.
  • the compounder roller 141 was rotated in the direction shown by the arrow, and the compound was drawn into the threshing gap between the compounder roller 141 and the concave screen 142. The removed grains pass through the tt?
  • Fig. 63 is another dual-purpose structure in which a re-isolator is added to the inner cavity of the volumetric separator.
  • the working principle is basically the same as the above method, except that it is an axial-flow type.
  • Spiral teeth 146 in front of 141 and grid sieve 148 in front of W-plate sieve 142 separate the grains from the debris, and push the reciprocating threshing drum 141 to the threshing gap formed by the concave screen 142 and the spiral guide 147.
  • the subsequent weeds are discharged from the other end of the double drum 141, and re-merge with the grains separated from the grid screen 148 and the concave plate screen 142 and fall into the grain feeding pipe 501.
  • the above sieve sieve 143 preferably adopts the structure shown in Fig. 64 and Fig. 65, and the sieve bars 149 of the sieve bars 149 are suspended vertically or obliquely downward at regular intervals, and multiple rows of sieve bars are arranged one after the other to avoid hanging grass.
  • Fig. 60 shows a double-strip cleaning device which can be used in combination with various conveying devices.
  • the device has a horizontal stripper above the grain clearing chamber 150.
  • the stripper drum 141 of the stripper may be of a bar-type or tooth-type type, and is arranged on the upper half of the spiral guide plate 147 and the lower section.
  • the cylindrical inner cavity surrounded by the concave plate screen 142.
  • One end of the cylindrical inner cavity is in communication with the incoming grain tube 501, and the other end is in communication with the drain hole 130.
  • Grains from the grain tube 501 into the inner cavity pass through the concave plate screen 142 and fall into the clearing room 150 during the compounding process, and the weeds move axially under the action of the compounding roller 141 and the spiral guide plate 147 Then, it is discharged from the drain hole 130.
  • the grains entering the grain clearing room 150 are biased by the fan 151 and the light debris is discharged out of the machine from the waste discharge port 130.
  • the cleaned grains after the selection fall into the horizontal set agitating dragon 164 below and are sent to the grain storage. Device.
  • Fig. 61 shows another type of double cleaning which can be used with various conveying devices.
  • the resetting and cleaning part of the device has the same structure as that shown in Fig. 60. The difference is that there is an inclined cylindrical screen 152 above the retort. This cylindrical screen can be rotated, and its higher end is connected with The round nozzle 153 of the incoming grain tube 501 is sleeved, and the lower end communicates with the inlet of the rejuvenator through the feed slot 154.
  • the grains entering the cylindrical sieve 152 from the grain tube 501 are separated from the grains by the turning of the cylinder at an appropriate rotation speed. The separated grains fall into the clearing room 150, and the grains are removed from the round.
  • the lower end of the sieve 152 enters the compounder through the miscellaneous trough 154, and the grains reconstituted by the compounder pass through the concave plate 142 and fall into the grain cleaning chamber 150.
  • the structure and work flow of the grain cleaning room 150 may be the same as the double-separation cleaning device shown in FIG. 60.
  • the multiple de-cleaning device shown in Fig. 49 and Fig. 50 can also be used in combination with various conveying devices.
  • the device has a suspended grain separation screen 177 driven by a crank connecting rod mechanism 176 above the grain cleaning chamber 150.
  • One end of the device is located below the grain inlet 501 connected to the grain inlet pipe of the conveying device, and the other end is located Above the eliminator composed of the double-removing drum 141 and the four-plate sieve 142, there is a sliding plate 178 connected to the upper and lower back of the concave sieve 142, and the grains falling on the separation screen 177 from the grain inlet 501 are separated and their grains are separated.
  • Adjusting the deflector 179 can make the sundries obtain a suitable number of recirculation cycles.
  • the grains separated by the doubler and the grains separated from the separation screen 177 fall into the horizontal set auger 163 after being separated, and are sent to the subsequent conveying device or to the grain storage device, and the track debris is discharged from the debris.
  • the port 130 is discharged out of the machine.
  • the threshing device may also adopt another structural form. See Figure 66 to Figure As shown in 68, the threshing device includes a thresher, a separator 319, and a splash cover 200.
  • the threshing machine preferably adopts the above-mentioned drum-type threshing machine, that is, the hook-toothed drum 1, which is vertically or horizontally spaced on a fixed or adjustable bracket through a shaft 199 which is substantially parallel to the advancing direction.
  • the diameter and working height of the hook-toothed drum 1 enable the ear of the straw to be placed in the upper threshing zone, and the working surface 17 of the straw can contact the waist of the native straw.
  • the divider 319 is a cone with a sharp front end and at least two sides with oblique edges or bevels, which are arranged at intervals in front of each hook-toothed drum 1 and the threshing device is near the 17-side of the hook-toothed stalk working surface.
  • the splash guard 200 is a shell having each threshing shroud space 197.
  • the front of the shatter-resistant shroud 200 is above the crop inlet 196 which is connected with the arrangement gap of the divider 319.
  • Each shroud space 197 is located on the hook.
  • the gap between the side cover surface 195 on the 17th side of the tooth roller working surface and the tooth top of the hook tooth 18 should be small.
  • the front of the splash cover 200 can be opened in all directions or the front cover 193 of the splash cover 200 can be connected with the divider 319.
  • the sloping surface 192 correspondingly widens forward, and the hook teeth 18 on the hook roller can be spaced by spirals to facilitate the movement of the straw along its axial direction.
  • the advancement of the whole machine causes the relatively backward-moving native straw 20 to move closer to the straw inlet 196 and enter the straw inlet working surface of the hook-toothed drum under the decoupling guidance of the divider 319 and the inclined surface 192 of the front cover.
  • the hook-tooth roller is rotated upward relative to the straw 20 to bend it, and the ear hook is led to the upper threshing area 191 for threshing.
  • the removed grains are sent to the splash guard 200, the chute 194 and the stirrer 28.
  • the subsequent conveying device retreats the threshing raw straw from the threshing device.
  • the chute 194 may also be replaced by a vertical auger.
  • the vertical threshing device can increase the threshing time and keep the plunging length unchanged because the original native straw can be moved in the axial direction during the threshing process, so that the forward speed of the harvester can be improved and the loss of grains can be reduced. (10) Treatment of rice and wheat straw
  • the machine can be equipped with a cutting device at the bottom and rear of the threshing device. As shown in FIG. 52, its cutting blade 181 is set at a position that is greater than the length of the grasshopper from the rear of the threshing device.
  • the straw is conveyed to the side of the harvester by a horizontal conveyor belt 182 provided behind the cutter 181 and laid on the ground.
  • the native thresher in the threshing device can be spaced side by side according to the standard interplanting interval And coordinate the landing position of the walking device with it.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a thresher for rice and wheat standing in the field and a harvester using the thresher. The said thresher is a cylinder or a belt provided with lots of hook-shaped teeth in its periphery for catching and bending the standing stalk onto the upper part of the thresher and threshing them immediately, so that the things cut down can be collected directly or only a few amount of tailings need to be treated; the said harvester combined with the thresher can be manpowered, self-propelled or mechanically driven to meet the requirements of various working conditions.

Description

稻麦原生脱粒器以及  Rice and wheat native thresher and
采用该脱粒器的收获机  Harvester using the thresher
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及一种稻麦收获机械， 特别是， 本发明涉及稻麦原 生脱粒器， 另外， 本发明还涉及采用该脱粒器的收获机。  The invention relates to a rice-wheat harvesting machine, and in particular, the invention relates to a rice-wheat primary thresher. In addition, the present invention also relates to a harvester using the thresher.
背景技术 Background technique
传统的联合收割机因其割秆喂入脱粒加工量大、 工序多、 存 在破粒及夹带损失， 而且结构复杂、 笨重和造价、 耗居高难下， 从而使它的适应性受到局限， 尤其难以满足道路不便的小田块及 水湿地收获稻麦的要求。 3前， 免割或割前脱粒式收获机相继问 世，如中国专利 942306945号公开了一种小型稻麦站秆脱粒收获 机， 它由一个梳齿滚筒从植株上直接把谷粒以及部分带穗物秆混 合梳下； 中国专利 95237951.1号公开了一种先脱式谷物联合收 割装置， 它用拨禾轮和喂入防溅叶轮把植林的穗部喂入脱粒滚筒 进行脱粒； 此类收获机普遍存在如下缺点： 1、 穗部只能处在脱 粒滚筒的前部或前下部进行脱粒， 所脱下的籽粒向前飞溅多， 并 难以收集而使损失严重； 2、 无论是否有喂入装置， 其脱粒装置 可收集的脱粒区间都太短， 收获机的收获前进速度及工效难以提 高； 3、 要在穗部经过的较短脱粒区间有效地完成脱粒， 只能依 赖高转速或大作用力， 但不可避免较多的断秆断穗而必须为之增 设相应的谷杂分离及复脱装置， 从而致使其整机结构仍较复杂和 笨重； 4、 不能收获严重倾仗的作物。  The traditional combine harvester has a large number of threshing processes, many processes, particle breakage and entrainment loss due to its cutting stalk feeding, and it has a complicated structure, bulky, costly, and high cost. Therefore, its adaptability is limited, and it is especially difficult. Meet the requirements of rice and wheat harvested by small fields and water wetlands with inconvenient roads. Three years ago, no-cut or threshing-type threshing harvesters came out one after another. For example, Chinese Patent No. 942306945 discloses a small rice-wheat stand stalk threshing harvester, which uses a comb-toothed roller to directly remove the grain and some ears from the plant. The straw is mixed and combed; Chinese patent No. 95237951.1 discloses a first-removal type combined harvesting device, which uses a reed wheel and a splash-proof impeller to feed the ears of the plantation to the threshing drum for threshing; such harvesters are generally The shortcomings are as follows: 1. The ear can only be threshed at the front or lower part of the threshing drum. The removed seeds splash forward and are difficult to collect and cause serious losses. 2. Whether or not there is a feeding device, The threshing intervals that the threshing device can collect are too short, and it is difficult to improve the forward speed and work efficiency of the harvester. 3. To complete the threshing effectively in the short threshing interval passed by the ear, it can only rely on high speed or high force. However, it is unavoidable that more stalks and ears must be broken and corresponding grain separation and compounding devices must be added for it, so that the overall structure of the machine is still complicated and cumbersome; 4. No serious crops can be harvested.
发明目的  Object of the invention
本发明的 的是： 1、 提供一类结构简单的可弯秆自喂入的 稻麦原生脱粒器， 以下简称脱粒器， 它能够把原生稻麦的秆穗钩 压并控制在自身的较上部齿区受击脱粒， 其脱出粮粒易于收集， 并能够在极少断穗以至不断穗和不破粒、 含杂少、 力耗极低的工 况下实现高效脱粒； 2、 提供采用上述脱粒器的多类大、 中、 小 型原生脱粒稻麦收获机； 其结构轻、 便、 简、廉而且工作效率高、 耗能少， 能够适应不同使用条仵对稻麦收获作业的选择要求， 尤 其为交通不便的小田块及水湿地收获稻麦提供轻便的机型。 The invention is as follows: 1. Provide a kind of rice and wheat native thresher with simple structure and bendable stalk self-feeding, hereinafter referred to as thresher, which can hook the ears of native rice and straw It is pressed and controlled to be threshing in the upper tooth area of its own. The threshing grain is easy to collect, and it can achieve high-efficiency threshing under the conditions of very few broken ears, continuous spikes and non-broken grains, low impurities, and low energy consumption. 2. Provide multiple types of large, medium and small-sized native threshing rice and wheat harvesters using the above thresher; its structure is light, convenient, simple, cheap, high work efficiency, low energy consumption, and can adapt to different uses of rice straw and wheat. The requirements for the selection of harvesting operations, in particular, provide portable models for the harvesting of rice and wheat in inaccessible small fields and wetlands.
技术方案 Technical solutions
根据本发明的第一方面， 提供了一种稻麦原生脱粒器， 该稻 麦原生脱粒器至少可单个或多个并列地分别经其轴横置在其收 获机的收获装置的前下部的防溅罩内来使用。所述单个脱粒器的 技术解决方案是： 它具有众多脱粒击齿 （简称为击齿） 和可被驱 动并携带击齿随着或绕着基本水平的单根轴或多根平行轴作环 周运动的载体， 击齿固定在有一定轴向宽度的载体的外周面上并 向外伸出有一定长度， 载体外周面的单纯环周运动的轨迹面中的 可接触原生未秆腰部的入秆工作面是孤形面， 环周运动的工作运 行方向使得处在弧形入秆工作面上的击齿向上运动； 其特征是： 所述众多击齿全部或者部分是钩齿， 钩齿的齿体上在其工作运动 方向的至少一側具有至少一个具有一定側向几何分量的突起或 者伸出的部分， 简称为突伸部分或突伸， 离载体较远的突伸称为 外层突伸； 钩齿及其突伸 （尤其外层突伸） 的外廓形态及其空间 分布的原则是： 钩齿的齿体之间具有若干周向或基本周向相通的 存秆空间， 也称为存犴通道； 每个存秆通道的外周至少具有钩齿 的外层突伸， 外层突伸轨迹环内的存秆通道的可存秆的有效横截 面积的大小至少可容纳在收获中该进入而尚未退离的全部暂存 原生禾秆； 钩齿齿顶的轴向宽度较小以利于引导齿体***原生禾 秆丛隙； 至少側向几何分量较大的外层突伸上靠近其自身轨迹环 外的棱或面形成齿坡， 齿坡棱面的倾向和坡度可使得在工作中弹 压在其上的原生禾秆易于由齿顶方滑入存秆通道； 至少外层突伸 上靠近其自身轨迹环内的棱或面形成齿钩， 齿钩棱面的倾向和坡 度使齿钩至少在其相应的工作线速度下能向存秆通道内钩压已 进入存秆通道的原生禾秆； 每一突伸与其相邻的齿体之间具有可 使原生禾秆较通畅地进入存秆通道的入犴间隔， 而至少每个外层 突伸与其相邻齿体之间的入秆间隔的适当大小与钩齿的工作线 速度及脱粒器的主要相关几何参数相互配合或者该入秆间隔的 有效宽度还可在工作中自动调节以既能保证该入秆间隔在工作 中入秆通畅又能保证凡已进入存犴通道的原生禾秆至少可受到 外层突伸的齿钩棱面的相继钩压而使禾杆上部随齿钩环周运动 的轨迹弯曲而使原生禾秆穗部被齿钩控制在载体的较上部（包括 最上部和后上部）脱粒区的存秆通道中受击脱粒或者首先在横置 的脱粒器后方或上方的附加脱粒件上脱粒。 According to a first aspect of the present invention, a rice-wheat native thresher is provided. The rice-wheat native thresher can be at least a single or a plurality of side-by-side horizontally positioned on the front of the harvester of the harvester of the harvester. Use in a splash hood. The technical solution of the single thresher is: it has a plurality of threshing teeth (short for teeth) and can be driven and carry the teeth along or around a single horizontal axis or multiple parallel axes as a circle The moving carrier is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the carrier with a certain axial width and protrudes outward by a certain length. The trajectory of the simple peripheral movement of the outer peripheral surface of the carrier can be contacted with the original non-stemmed waist. The working surface is a solitary surface, and the working running direction of the circular motion makes the striking teeth on the curved stalk working surface move upwards; the characteristics are: all or part of the plurality of striking teeth are hook teeth, the teeth of the hook teeth The body has at least one protrusion or protruding portion with a certain lateral geometric component on at least one side of its working movement direction, referred to as the protruding portion or protrusion. The protrusion farther from the carrier is called the outer layer protrusion. The principle of the shape and spatial distribution of the hook teeth and their protrusions (especially the outer protrusions) are: The teeth of the hook teeth have several circumferentially or substantially circumferentially communicating stalk spaces, also known as Storage channel The outer perimeter of the stalk channel has at least a hook-like outer layer protrusion. The effective cross-sectional area of the stalk channel of the stalk channel in the outer protrusion trajectory ring can be at least accommodated in the harvest but should not enter All temporary grasses are temporarily stored; the axial width of the hook tooth top is small to facilitate the insertion of the tooth body into the native grass tussock; at least the outer layer with a large lateral geometric component protrudes near the edge of its own trajectory ring Or the surface forms a tooth slope, and the tendency and slope of the tooth slope edge surface can make the native straw that springs on it easy to slide from the tip of the tooth into the stem storage channel; at least the outer layer protrudes Tooth hooks are formed near the edges or faces in its own trajectory loop. The tendency and slope of the tooth hook edges enable the hooks to press into the stalk channel at least at their corresponding working line speed. Grass; between each protrusion and its adjacent teeth, there is a gap between the protuberances that allows the native straw to enter the culm channel more smoothly, and at least the distance between each outer protrusion and its adjacent teeth The proper size of the stalk interval cooperates with the working linear speed of the hook teeth and the main relevant geometric parameters of the thresher or the effective width of the stalk interval can be automatically adjusted during work to ensure that the stalk interval enters the stalk during work. Unobstructed and can ensure that the native straw that has entered the storage channel can be at least successively pressed by the protruding hook surface of the outer layer, so that the upper part of the straw is bent along the trajectory of the tooth hook circle to make the native straw spike The upper part (including the uppermost part and the rear upper part) of the carrier is controlled by a tooth hook to be threshed in the stalk storage channel of the threshing zone or firstly threshing on an additional threshing member behind or above the horizontal thresher.
所述每一外层突伸与其相邻齿体之间的适当大小的入秆间 隔是指让长条而有弹性的原生禾秆至少可进入外层突伸的齿 钩， 并进入后必须受到齿钩的钩压、 控制所必需的间隔， 它包括 外层突伸与其相邻齿体之间的周向、 轴向 （即側向） 和径向的间 隔， 径向间隔可以是突伸与载体外周面的间隔。 所述单个钩齿是 刚性连体的刚性钩齿或是在工作受力中可恢复性变形的变形钩 齿。 所述可恢复性变形钩齿至少可采用弹性和 /或离心变形钩 齿， 该类钩齿至少其外层突伸与其齿身是弹性连接和 /或铰连接 的， 其弹性力的方向和 /或其铰轴的方向至少使得其外层突伸在 工作中所受到的禾秆弹压力、 打击反力、 自身的离心力和 /或弹 齿身产生位移而使得其伸端側边的所述入秆间隔的有效宽度可 随禾秆的弹压力的改变而自动调节。  The proper size of the stem-entry interval between each outer layer protrusion and its adjacent tooth body means that the long and elastic primary straw can at least enter the tooth protrusion of the outer layer protrusion, and must be received after entering. The interval necessary for the hook pressing and control of the hook includes the circumferential, axial (ie lateral) and radial intervals between the outer layer protrusion and its adjacent tooth body. The radial distance can be the protrusion and Space on the outer surface of the carrier. The single hook tooth is a rigid hook tooth of a rigid conjoined body or a deformed hook tooth that can be deformed and recoverable during work. The recoverable deformable hook teeth may be at least elastic and / or centrifugal deformable hook teeth. Such hook teeth have at least an outer layer protrusion that is elastically connected and / or hinged to the tooth body, the direction of the elastic force and / Or the direction of its hinge axis is at least such that the outer layer of the projectile is subjected to the pressure of the straw bomb, the counterforce, its own centrifugal force, and / or the displacement of the elastic tooth body, so that the side of the extended end is inserted. The effective width of the stalk interval can be adjusted automatically as the spring pressure of the stalk changes.
所述携带击齿作环周运动的载体可如下实现： 1、 可绕单根 水平轴旋转的滚筒， 击齿固定在滚筒外周面上或轴向的板条上。 具有这种载体形式的脱粒器称为钩齿滚筒或滚筒式脱粒器； 2、 可由一前一后两根平行水平轴上的圓辊所张紧与驱动而作环 周运动的环形带， 前后辊之间可加设托滚或张紧滚筒， 环形带可 以是胶带、 布带、 薄钢带或塑料带等。 具有这种载体形式的脱粒 器称为环带式脱粒器； 3、可由一前一后的两根平行水平轴上的 多副链轮同步驱动的多根平行链条的同位节上的橫连板条， 击齿 固定在板条上， 板条之间的周向间隔可另用轻质材料封堵以免漏 粮粒。 具有这种载体形式的脱粒器称为链板式脱粒器。 环带式和 链板式脱粒器统称为环带式脱粒器。 The carrier carrying the percussion for circumferential movement can be realized as follows: 1. The perforator can be rotated around a single horizontal axis, and the perforation is fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the drum or on the axial slats. Threshers with this carrier form are called hooked drums or drum threshers; 2. The endless belt can be tensioned and driven by two round rollers on the horizontal axis in front and back for circular movement. A support roller or tension roller can be added between the front and rear rollers. The endless belt can be tape, Cloth tape, thin steel tape or plastic tape, etc. Threshers with this carrier form are called endless belt threshers; 3. Transverse plates on the joints of multiple parallel chains that can be driven synchronously by multiple pairs of sprocket wheels on one parallel horizontal axis The bats are fixed on the battens, and the circumferential interval between the battens can be blocked with other lightweight materials to prevent grain leakage. The thresher having this carrier form is called a chain plate thresher. The endless belt type and chain plate type thresher are collectively called the endless type thresher.
一个脱粒器中的击齿可全部采用只有外层突伸的钩齿， 但为 了增加作物穗部受击脱粒的机会而加快脱粒， 在不影响钩齿对禾 秆的导入和钩压劝能的条仵下， 在各存秆通道中还可增设附加击 齿。 例如： 在每个存秆通道两側的分立钩齿齿身的周向间隔处加 设杆状击齿； 在各种击齿的齿体上附加具有側向几何分量的击 齿， 也称为内层突伸。 各种击齿上可迎面冲击秆穗的外表面称为 迎击曲面或迎击棱面。  The threshing teeth in a thresher can all use hook teeth that only protrude from the outer layer. However, in order to increase the chance of threshing and threshing of the ears of the crop, the threshing is accelerated. Under the bar, additional striking teeth can be added in each stalk channel. For example: add rod-shaped teeth at the circumferential interval of the discrete hook teeth on both sides of each stalk channel; add teeth with lateral geometric components to the teeth of various teeth, also known as The inner layer protrudes. The outer surface of the various teeth that can face the stalk ears is called the face or the face.
为了既可增加击齿的工作线速度而提高击齿的击穗频率从 而加快脱粒又可减緩每次打击穗部的冲击力从而减少脱出籽粒 的含杂率及断穗率， 可制成所谓的斜交式脱粒器， 即使得当其击 齿工作运动到其载体较上部的脱粒区时， 各击齿的至少主要迎击 棱面在其上每点处的倾向与该点处的工作线速度方向的夹角 （该 夹角称为该点处的迎击角） 是较小的锐角， 该较小的迎击角则可 与较大的工作线速度配合； 所述迎击棱面在其上某点处的倾向是 光滑迎击棱面在该点的切面的倾向或是非光滑迎击棱面的假设 光滑包络面在该点的切面的倾向。所述其迎击棱面与其工作线速 度方向斜交的击齿简称为斜交齿。  In order to increase the working linear speed of the teeth and increase the frequency of the ears of the teeth to speed up the threshing, and to reduce the impact force of the ears each time, so as to reduce the impurity content and the rate of broken ears, it can be made so-called Oblique cross type thresher, even when its teething work moves to the threshing area on the upper part of its carrier, the tendency of each of the teeth to at least mainly hit the face at each point on it and the direction of the working linear velocity at that point The included angle (the included angle is called the angle of attack at this point) is a smaller acute angle, and the smaller angle of attack can be matched with a larger working linear velocity; the impacting edge is at a point on it The tendency of is the tendency of the face of the smooth face to face at that point or the tendency of the hypothetical smooth envelope of the face to face at that point. The teeth whose oblique faces are obliquely intersecting with the direction of their working linear velocity are referred to as oblique teeth for short.
还可把上述斜交式脱粒器制成等力效脱粒器， 即使得其击齿 的至少各主要迎击棱面上各点处的所述迎击角的大小随点位的 不同而变化， 其变化规律是： 当击齿工作运动到脱粒区时， 其迎 击棱面上工作线速度越大的点位相应的迎击角越小， 这种随大变 小的理想程度是使脱粒器在同一适合的工作转速下各迎击棱面 上各点处对秆穗的打击力效几乎等同， 以最利于既加快脱粒又减 少断穗率及含杂率。 The above-mentioned oblique cross thresher can also be made into an equal-effect thresher, even if the size of the striking angle at each point of at least each of the main striking faces of the teeth is changed with the point, the change is The rule is: When the tooth hitting movement reaches the threshing area, its impact The higher the linear velocity of the striking face, the smaller the corresponding angle of attack. The larger and smaller the ideal degree is to make the thresher strike the stalk at each point on the prism face at the same suitable working speed. The effectiveness of the blow is almost the same, which is most conducive to both speeding up threshing and reducing the rate of panicle breaking and impurities.
为了使击齿在较低的工作线速度下有较大的打击力而较快 脱粒 （如可用于人力机） ， 也可制成所谓的直交式脱粒器， 即其 击齿的各主要迎击棱面上各点处的迎击角接近直角， 这种其迎击 为了减少齿身迎击棱面对秆穗的冲击力， 还可制成所谓的隔 板式脱粒器， 即其击齿的载体至少可采用滚筒， 固定在滚筒外周 面上的钩齿的齿身是周向或基本周向延长的隔板， 轴向相邻的隔 板基本互相平行、 等距分布， 其突伸固定在隔板上或与隔板连体 制成， 隔板之间是存秆通道。 突伸的迎击棱面可以是斜交的或者 是直交的。  In order to make the teeth have a larger impact force at a lower working line speed and faster threshing (for example, it can be used in a manpower machine), it can also be made into a so-called orthogonal threshing machine, that is, each of its main teeth hits the edge The attack angle at each point on the surface is close to a right angle. In order to reduce the impact force of the tooth body against the stalk and the ear, it can also be made into a so-called baffle type thresher, that is, the carrier of the teeth can be used at least The drum, the teeth of the hook teeth fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the drum are circumferentially or substantially circumferentially extending partitions, and the axially adjacent partitions are substantially parallel and equally spaced from each other, and their protrusions are fixed on the partitions or It is made in one piece with the partition, and there are stalk channels between the partitions. The protruding facets can be diagonal or orthogonal.
为了尽快地理顺側倾的 （尤对于水稻） 原生禾秆而使其尽早 地进入存秆通道， 可使上述各式脱粒器的齿顶附近的迎击棱面的 所述迎击角较大， 或在齿顶上和 /或在齿顶附近的迎击棱面上设 置密而小的牙紋， 牙紋的锋利程度以在收获作业中不割断穗秆为 限。 側倾的禾秆将首先受到上述齿顶和 /或其附近迎击棱面上牙 紋的向上挑拨力和刮擦力而被扶直或理顺。  In order to geographically roll the native stalks (especially for rice) as soon as possible to make them enter the stalk storage channel as soon as possible, the angle of attack near the face of the teeth of the various threshers can be made larger, or Dense and small tooth patterns are set on the tooth top and / or on the face of the impact near the tooth tip. The sharpness of the tooth pattern is limited to not cutting the stalk during harvesting. Rolled straw will first be straightened or straightened by the upward picking force and scraping force of the tooth crests and / or its adjacent ridges on the face.
根据本发明的第二方面， 提供了一种原生脱粒稻麦收获机， 采用上述稻麦原生脱粒器的收获机的技术方案是， 它包括收获装 置、 存粮装置和驱控部分； 所述收获装置具有包括脱粒装置， 或 在脱粒装置与存粮装置之间还有谷物输送装置； 所述驱控部分具 有行走及其转向装置、 动力传动装置以及操纵机构； 所述存粮装 置和 /或驱控部分是该机专用的或借用配套的； 其特征在于： 所 述脱粒装置至少具有一个如前所述的原生脱粒器和用以围档溅 射粮粒的防濺装置， 脱粒器的轴横置或纵置， 其入秆工作面可接 触原生禾秆的腰部， 防溅罩与脱粒器之间有入秆导粒通道， 该通 道的一端有入秆口， 另一端与存粮装置或谷物输送裴置连通。 有益效果 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a native threshing rice and wheat harvester. The technical scheme of the harvester using the rice and wheat native thresher is that it includes a harvesting device, a grain storage device, and a driving control section; the harvesting device It includes a threshing device, or a grain conveying device between the threshing device and the grain storage device; the driving control part has a walking and steering device, a power transmission device and a control mechanism; the grain storage device and / or the driving control part is This machine is dedicated or borrowed. It is characterized in that: the threshing device has at least one of the original thresher as described above and a splash prevention device for surrounding the spattered grains. Can be connected to its working surface When touching the waist of the native straw, there is a stalk-introducing particle-guiding channel between the splash guard and the thresher. One end of the channel has a stalk-inlet opening, and the other end is in communication with the grain storage device or the grain conveying device. Beneficial effect
本发明的脱粒器的优点是： 1、 因其可把禾秆弯曲并控制在 其较上部脱粒区进行脱粒， 所脱出的粮粒极少向入秆工作面的机 外方向飞溅而易于收集， 故粮粒损失率极小； 2、 由于作物秆穗 被钩压、 控制在脱粒器较上部的存秆通道中脱粒， 粮粒易于收集 的脱粒区间较长， 受击次数即脱粒机会多、 从而可不依赖大冲击 力和挤压力而有利于实现少断穗以至不断穗 （不复脱） 和不破 粒， 以至少含杂 （可不清选） 工况下的高效脱粒， 同时脱粒器的 脱粒劝耗也比传统脱粒装置小得多； 3、 不需另设拨禾装置； 4、 由于采用本脱粒器的收获机可不设拨禾、 切割、 禾秆输送、 复脱装置及其相应的动力传动机构， 整机的体积、 重量、 劝耗、 造价都大减， 尤其为交通不便的小田块及水湿地的稻麦收获提供 轻便的收获机创造了条件； 5、 可收获严重倾仗的稻麦作物， 其 作业方法见后述。  The thresher of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Because it can bend and control the straw in its upper threshing area for threshing, the removed grains rarely splash out of the machine into the stalk working surface and are easy to collect. Therefore, the grain loss rate is extremely small; 2. Because the crop stalk ears are hooked and controlled in the upper stalk storage channel of the thresher, the threshing interval for easy collection of grains is longer. It does not depend on large impact force and squeezing force, which is beneficial to achieve fewer broken ears and continuous spikes (no more flaking) and no granulation, so as to efficiently thresh under conditions of at least impurities (can not be selected), and threshing of the thresher at the same time The power consumption is also much smaller than the traditional threshing device; 3. There is no need to set a separate reeling device; 4. Because the harvester using this thresher can be provided without reeling, cutting, straw conveying, double threshing device and its corresponding power transmission The size, weight, persuasion, and cost of the whole machine have been greatly reduced, especially to provide convenient harvesters for the inconvenient transportation of small fields and rice and wheat harvesting in water and wetlands; 5. The harvest can be severely dumped The operation method of rice and wheat crops is described below.
以下主要以其轴横置在收获机的收获装置前下部的钩齿滚 筒为例结合附图来说明， 为便于图示和说明其工作原理， 首先介 绍全部采用钩齿的钩齿滚筒， 且先设其钩齿的分布规则 （以下称 为等距错开布齿法） 是： （ 1 ) 、 同一存秆通道的同一側的钩齿 的单纯环周运动的轨迹重合； （ 2 ) 、 同轨迹的钩齿至少其外层 突伸沿周向等距分布； （ 3 ) 、 同一存秆通道两側的钩齿至少其 外层突伸的周向位置等距错开； （ 4 ) 、 最好使每个存秆通道也 即脱粒通道基本同宽、 同构， 于是同效， 即每个存秆通道是其脱 粒器的一个等效工作单元。以下主要给出多种钩齿齿形及其构成 入秆间隔与存秆通道的图示， 其中： （ 1 ) 、 一个钩齿随同其载 体作单纯的工作环周运动的轨迹体的橫截面的外廓线图形简称 为钩齿的迹截廓图； （ 2 ) 、 当采用上述的布齿法时， 构成和控 制同一存秆通道的左右側的钩齿连同其载体的所述迹截廓图合 称为该存秆通道的迹截廓图， 还可用它代表整个脱粒器的迹截廓 图； （ 3 ) 、 一个突伸的伸端的轨迹平面与其相近齿体轨迹平面 的距离 d称为该突伸的伸端迹距。 In the following, a hook-shaped drum whose shaft is arranged horizontally at the lower part of the front of the harvester of the harvester is taken as an example and described in conjunction with the drawings. In order to facilitate the illustration and explanation of its working principle, firstly, a hook-shaped drum that uses all hook teeth is first introduced. It is assumed that the distribution rules of the hook teeth (hereinafter referred to as the equidistant staggered tooth layout method) are: (1), the trajectories of the simple circumferential motion of the hook teeth on the same side of the same storage channel overlap; (2), the same trajectory The hook teeth have at least their outer layer protrusions equally spaced along the circumferential direction; (3) The hook teeth on both sides of the same culm channel have at least the circumferential positions of their outer layer protrusions staggered at equal distances; (4), it is best to make each Each stalk channel, that is, the threshing channel is basically the same width and homogeneous, and thus has the same effect, that is, each stalk channel is an equivalent working unit of its thresher. The following mainly gives illustrations of various hook-tooth shapes and their stalk-into-stalk spacing and stalk-storage channels, where: (1) a cross-section of a trajectory body with a hook that moves along with its carrier for simple working ring motion The outer profile graphic is referred to as the trace profile of the hook teeth; (2) When the above-mentioned tooth distribution method is adopted, the composition and control The left and right hook teeth of the same culm channel together with the trace profile of its carrier are collectively referred to as the trajectory of the culm channel, and can also be used to represent the trajectory of the whole thresher; (3) The distance d between the trajectory plane of an overhanging extension and the trajectory plane of its adjacent tooth body is called the overhang distance of the overhang.
对附图的简要说明 Brief description of the drawings
下面结合附图对本发明的脱粒器及采用该脱粒器的收获机 进行详细说明， 以使本发明更易于被理解。 同时， 使本发明的上 述目的和优点以及其他 3的和优点变得一目 了然， 所述附图包 括：  The threshing machine and the harvester using the threshing machine of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings, so that the present invention can be more easily understood. At the same time, the above-mentioned objects and advantages of the present invention and other three and advantages are made clear at a glance. The drawings include:
图 1至图 12各是一种安装在滚筒上的刚性钩齿的示意图 组， 其中：  Figures 1 to 12 are schematic diagrams of a rigid hook tooth mounted on a drum, in which:
图 1A至 12A是相应图组所示钩齿的側向视图， 即沿滚筒的 轴向视图；  1A to 12A are side views of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding figure group, that is, an axial view along the drum;
图 1B至 12B是相应图組所示钩齿的所述迹截廍图 （其齿顶 9与相应分图 A中的齿顶轨迹线同高） ；  FIGS. 1B to 12B are cut-out diagrams of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding drawing group (the tooth tip 9 is the same height as the tooth tip trace line in the corresponding sub-picture A);
图 1C至 12C是相应图组所示钩齿的俯視图即沿滚筒的径向 视图；  1C to 12C are top views of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding group, that is, a radial view along the drum;
图 1D至 12D是由相应图组所示钩齿构成的存秆通道的所述 迹截廓图；  1D to 12D are cross-sectional views of the stalk storage channel formed by the hook teeth shown in the corresponding group;
图 2E、 图 9E、 图 11E各是相应图组所示钩齿的板材制法 下料图；  Fig. 2E, Fig. 9E, and Fig. 11E are the blanking diagrams of the method for manufacturing the plate of the hook teeth shown in the corresponding group;
图 13是可变形钩齿在工作中变形的示意图；  FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of deformation of a deformable hook tooth during work; FIG.
图 14是突伸为弹性钢丝的弹性钩齿的示意图；  14 is a schematic diagram of elastic hook teeth protruding into elastic steel wires;
图 15是突伸为弹性片的弹性钩齿的示意图；  15 is a schematic diagram of elastic hook teeth protruding into an elastic sheet;
图 16是图 15所示弹性钩齿的弹性片的下料图；  FIG. 16 is a blanking view of the elastic sheet of the elastic hook teeth shown in FIG. 15;
图 17和图 18各是一种由弹性有机材料制成的可变形钩齿的 结构示意图；  17 and 18 are schematic structural diagrams of a deformable hook tooth made of an elastic organic material;
图 19是突伸可离心变位的离心钩齿的局部側視图； 图 20是图 19的 D - D剖面图； 19 is a partial side view of a centrifugal hook tooth protruding and centrifugally displaceable; 20 is a sectional view taken along the line D-D of FIG. 19;
图 21是存秆通道中部附加杆状齿的脱粒器的迹截廓图； 图 22是存秆通道异側的外层突伸的伸端径向错开的脱粒器 的迹截廓图；  Fig. 21 is a trace sectional view of a thresher with rod-shaped teeth in the middle of the stalk passage; Fig. 22 is a trace sectional view of a thresher with a radially outwardly-extended extended end of the outer layer of the stalk passage;
图 23是等力效环带式脱粒器的側视图；  Figure 23 is a side view of an equal-effect annular belt thresher;
图 24至图 26各是一种钩齿滚筒的示意图组； 其中： 各分图 A是正视图，各分图 B分别依次是相应图 A的 A - A、 B - B、 C 一 C剖视图。  24 to 26 are each a schematic set of a hook-toothed roller; wherein: each of the sub-pictures A is a front view, and each of the sub-pictures B is a cross-sectional view of A-A, B-B, and C-C of the corresponding diagram A, respectively.
图 27是脱粒装置及其附加分禾锥和 /或横挡脱粒仵的结构示 意側视图；  FIG. 27 is a schematic side view of the structure of the threshing device and its additional dividing cone and / or horizontal threshing pan;
图 28是图 27中附加分禾锥的 A向视图；  FIG. 28 is an arrow A view of the additional cereal cone in FIG. 27; FIG.
图 29是由脱粒器两端的钩齿取代分禾锥时側面机架与钩齿 齿钩之间的衔接关系示意图；  FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the side frame and the hook teeth when the dividing cone is replaced by hook teeth at both ends of the thresher;
图 30是图 27中与附加横档脱粒仵相配用的可排秆脱粒器的 B向视图；  FIG. 30 is a B-direction view of the rowable stalk thresher used in FIG. 27 in combination with an additional rung thresher;
图 31是脱粒装置附加梳状脱粒件的側向示意图；  FIG. 31 is a schematic side view of an additional comb-shaped thresher of the thresher;
图 32是图 31 中附加梳状脱粒件的 B向視图；  FIG. 32 is a B-direction view of the additional comb-shaped thresher in FIG. 31; FIG.
图 33是脱粒装置附加防溅帘的側向示意图；  33 is a schematic side view of an additional splash screen of a thresher;
图 34是图 33的 C向局部視图；  FIG. 34 is a partial view in the direction of C in FIG. 33;
图 35是帘叶为弹性丝条的防溅帘的局部正视图；  FIG. 35 is a partial front view of a splash curtain with curtain leaves made of elastic threads;
图 36是防溅帘多层帘条的分布示意图；  FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of a multi-layer curtain strip of a splash-proof curtain; FIG.
图 37是防溅帘帘条结构的断面图；  FIG. 37 is a sectional view of a structure of a splash curtain;
图 38是一种可兼作钩齿的三角皮带轮及其三角带的局部剖 视图；  38 is a partial cross-sectional view of a V-belt and a V-belt that can double as hook teeth;
图 39和图 40各是一种人力箱装式稻麦收获机的结构示意 图；  FIG. 39 and FIG. 40 are each a schematic diagram of the structure of a human box-type rice and wheat harvester;
41是一种自走箱装式稻麦收获机的结构示意图；  41 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-propelled box-type rice and wheat harvester;
图 42是一种人力袋装 （筐装） 式稻麦收获机的结构示意图； 图 43至图 48各是一种自走袋装式稻麦收获机的结构示意 图； 42 is a schematic structural diagram of a human bagged (basket) rice and wheat harvester; 43 to 48 are each a schematic structural diagram of a self-propelled bagged rice and wheat harvester;
图 49是一种自走仓装式稻麦收获机的结构示意图；  Figure 49 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-propelled silo-type rice and wheat harvester;
图 50是图 49的 A - A剖面图；  FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 49;
图 51是一种与手扶拖拉机配套使用的前置式稻麦收获机的 结构示意图；  FIG. 51 is a schematic structural diagram of a front-mounted rice and wheat harvester used in conjunction with a walk-behind tractor;
图 52和图 53各是一种与载货汽车配套使用的前置车装式稻 麦收获机的结构示意图；  Figure 52 and Figure 53 are each a schematic diagram of the structure of a front-loading rice-wheat harvester used in conjunction with a truck;
图 54至图 56各是一种与载货汽车配套使用的后置车装式稻 麦收获机的结构示意图；  54 to 56 are each a schematic structural diagram of a rear-mounted rice-wheat harvester used in conjunction with a truck;
图 57至图 59各是一种尾气清选装置的结构示意图。  57 to 59 are each a schematic diagram of the structure of an exhaust gas cleaning device.
图 60和图 61各是一种可与各式谷物输送装置配套使用的复 脱清选装置的结构示意图；  FIG. 60 and FIG. 61 are each a schematic diagram of a structure of a double-separation sorting device which can be used with various grain conveying devices;
图 62和图 63各是一种在粮杂分离器的内腔中兼设复脱器的 结构示意图；  FIG. 62 and FIG. 63 are each a schematic structural diagram of a doublet in the inner cavity of a grain separator;
图 64和图 65各是一种栏杂筛的结构示意图；  Fig. 64 and Fig. 65 are structural diagrams of a fence sieve each;
图 66是一种其钩齿滚筒为纵置的脱粒装置的结构示意图； 图 67是图 66所示脱粒装置的 D向视图；  FIG. 66 is a schematic structural view of a threshing device whose hook-toothed drum is in a vertical position; FIG. 67 is a D-direction view of the threshing device shown in FIG. 66;
图 68是图 66所示脱粒装置的 B 一 B剖视图；  Fig. 68 is a B-B cross-sectional view of the threshing apparatus shown in Fig. 66;
对本发明推荐实施例的说明 Description of the preferred embodiment of the invention
首先， 结合附图 1 〜图 26对本发明的脱粒器进行详细说明。 由图 1至图 12中的多种刚性钩齿的齿形及其在滚筒周面 4 上的固定安装方位 （箭头表示滚筒的工作旋向） 可知， 各种钩齿 在其工作运动方向的至少一側具有至少一个具有一定側向几何 分量的突起或伸出的部分， 即所述突伸， 且至少有一个离其载体 4较远的所谓外层突伸 8 (因其轨迹环在外层） ； 至少轴向几何 分量较大的外层突伸 8上靠近其自身轨迹环外的棱或面形成齿 坡 10 , 齿坡的倾向和坡度能使弹压其上的禾秆易于由其齿顶 9 一方滑入存秆通道 15， （齿坡最好可显现在钩齿的迹截廓图 中）； 至少外层突伸 8上靠近其自身轨迹环内的存秆通道 15 (见 各分图 D ) 的棱或面形成齿钩 11 , 齿钩棱面在其迹截廓图中相 对于其载体表面或滚筒轴线的倾向和坡度至少在其相应的工作 线速度下能够向其存秆通道 15内钩压已由入秆间隔 16进入存秆 通道的全部禾秆； 齿顶 9的轴向宽度较小以利于引导齿体*** 原生禾秆丛隙。 First, the thresher of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 26. From the tooth shapes of the various rigid hook teeth in FIG. 1 to FIG. 12 and their fixed installation orientation on the drum peripheral surface 4 (the arrow indicates the working rotation direction of the drum), it can be seen that the various hook teeth have at least One side has at least one protrusion or protrusion with a certain lateral geometric component, that is, the protrusion, and at least one so-called outer layer protrusion 8 farther away from its carrier 4 (because its track ring is in the outer layer) ; At least the outer layer protrusion 8 with a larger axial geometric component forms a tooth slope 10 on the edge or surface outside its own trajectory ring. The tendency and slope of the tooth slope can make the stalks that spring on it easily pass the tooth top 9 One slides into the stalk channel 15 (the slope of the tooth can best be seen in the hook profile view); at least the outer protrusion 8 is close to the stalk channel 15 in its own trajectory ring (see sub-graph D ) Of the edges or faces of the hooks 11, the hooks and hooks can be stored in the stalk channel 15 at least at their corresponding working line speeds in terms of their tendency and slope relative to their carrier surface or roller axis. All the stalks that have been pressed into the stalk storage channel from the stalk interval 16; the axial width of the tooth top 9 is small to facilitate the introduction of the tooth body into the original stalk tussock.
图 1至图 10是其齿身 6的周向宽度较小的所谓分立钩齿。 图 6、 7、 9、 10是可用于所述斜交式钩齿滚筒的所谓斜交式 钩齿或也是等力效钩齿， 由滚筒周面 4携带其上钩齿的工作旋向 可知， 各钩齿的齿身迎击棱面 12的各处后倾至齿顶 9 , 而各突 伸迎击棱面 13由齿身 6向后同时向一側并向载体 4一方伸出并 使各突伸的伸端 14离载体周面 4有一定距离， 这样可使该钩齿 各主要迎击棱面上各点的切面或其迎击棱面的假设的光滑包络 面在各点的切面 19 (见图 6A )与该点处的工作环周运动的线速 度 V的方向的夹角 <A (该夹角称为该点处的迎击角） 都是较小 的锐角， 以使受击的秆穗更易于沿各迎击棱面相对滑退而减緩冲 击力， 从而有利于减少断穗率和脱出粮粒的含杂率。  1 to 10 are so-called discrete hook teeth whose tooth body 6 has a small circumferential width. Figures 6, 7, 9, and 10 are so-called skew-type hook teeth or equal-effect hook teeth that can be used for the skew-type hook rollers. The working rotation of the hook teeth carried on the peripheral surface 4 of the roller can be seen. The tooth body of the hook teeth leans to the top of the tooth 9 against the edges of the face 12, and each of the protruding face 13 projects from the tooth body 6 to the side at the same time and to the side of the carrier 4 and makes each of the protrusions The extended end 14 is a certain distance from the carrier peripheral surface 4, so that the hook teeth can mainly meet the tangent planes of the points on the ridge surface or the hypothetical smooth envelope surface 19 of the ridges at the points (see Figure 6A). ) And the angle <A (the included angle is called the angle of attack at this point) with the direction of the linear velocity V of the working circle motion at this point are all smaller acute angles to make it easier for the stalks to be hit Relatively sliding back along each striking face reduces cushioning impact force, which is conducive to reducing the rate of broken ears and the impurity content of grains.
由试验分柝可知， 击齿的迎击棱面的某点处的脱粒效率和脱 出粮粒中的断穗率及含杂率主要与下列因素有关： （ 1 ) 、 击齿 的迎击棱面在该点处的相对于被击穗粒的运动线速度， 即该点处 的工作线速度， 也称为打击速度。 （ 2 ) 、 该点处的迎击角的大 小， 该角越小， 冲击力越小， 脱粒效率和脱出粮粒的含杂率越低； ( 3 ) 、 该迎击棱面在该点处的橫截面的外廓线的曲率半径， 该 半径越小含杂率越高。 因斜交式或等力效脱粒器可使其单纯环周 运动的线速度比其收获机的收获前进速度值大很多倍， 在分柝与 优选其击齿迎击棱面的等力效形态时， 可把随点位分布变化复杂 的打击速度的大小及方向都看成近似等于该点处的单纯工作环 周运动线速度 V。 图 6、 7及图 9至图 12示意了可用于等力效 钩齿滚筒的等力效钩齿 （附加击齿也同理） 的大致形状， 即尤在 使其各迎击棱面的横截外廍线曲率半径几乎相等的条件下使其 迎击棱面上离滚筒周面 4越远 （即环周运动线速度越大） 的点位 的迎击角越小， 而理想的等力效迎击棱面的形态最终可由多次试 验优选决定， 判断依据是： 在脱粒器的基本结构、 工作转速和脱 粒工效都相同的情况下， 越接近等力效形态的迎击棱面所击出的 粮粒的断穗率和含杂率越低， 或者说， 在击出粮粒的纯净率相同 以及其它相关参数相同条仵下， 越接近等力效的脱粒器的脱粒工 效越高。 It can be known from the experimental tillering that the threshing efficiency at a certain point of the striking face of the teeth and the rate of spike breaking and impurity in the grains are mainly related to the following factors: (1) The striking face of the teeth The linear speed of the movement of the point relative to the spiked grain, that is, the working linear speed at that point, is also called the striking speed. (2) the size of the impact angle at the point, the smaller the angle, the smaller the impact force, the lower the threshing efficiency and the impurity content of the grain; (3) the horizontal of the impact edge at the point The radius of curvature of the outer profile of the section. The smaller the radius, the higher the impurity content. Because the oblique or equal-effect thresher can make the linear speed of its purely circular motion much higher than the value of its harvesting forward speed, when it is tillering and its iso-effect form is preferred, its teeth hit the edge. , The magnitude and direction of the complex striking speed that varies with the point distribution can be regarded as approximately equal to the simple working ring at that point Peripheral motion linear velocity V. Figures 6 and 7 and Figures 9 to 12 show the approximate shape of the equal-effect hook teeth (the same applies to the additional impact) for the equal-effect hook rollers, that is, the cross section of each of its striking faces Under the condition that the curvature radius of the outer ridge line is almost equal, the farther away from the surface of the drum 4 (that is, the greater the linear velocity of the circumferential motion) on the face, the smaller the angle of attack, and the ideal equal-effect face The shape of the surface can finally be determined through multiple experiments, and the judgment is based on the following: under the condition that the basic structure, working speed and threshing efficiency of the thresher are the same, the closer it is to the grains that are hit by the face of the equal-effect shape The lower the ear breaking rate and the impurity content rate, or the higher the threshing efficiency of the threshing machine with the same purity and other related parameters, the higher the threshing efficiency.
图 1至图 5及图 8是可用于所述直交式钩齿滚筒的所谓直交 式钩齿的实施例， 各钩齿的齿身 6及内、外层突伸的迎击棱面 12 及 13上各点处的所述迎击角都是直角或接近直角。  1 to 5 and 8 are examples of so-called orthogonal hook teeth which can be used for the orthogonal hook roller. The tooth body 6 of each hook tooth and the inner and outer protruding projection faces 12 and 13 The angle of attack at each point is all right or near right.
图 11、 图 12是可用于所述隔板式钩齿滚筒的所谓隔板式钩 齿， 各图是周向连体的环形板状齿身 6的局部图， 外层突伸 8周 向等距地固定在环形隔板 6上， 左右側的外层突伸 8可沿周向错 开分布 （如图 11 ) 也可周向同位地左右分布 （如图 12 ) 。 外层 突伸 8可与铁板齿身 6连体弯制 （见图 11E ) , 即突伸块 8沿其 环内虚线弯折约 90°，突伸迎击棱面及齿坡都由边块 13卷筒而形 成， 而每个外层突伸后方的齿顶 9附近的后倾的齿身迎击棱面由 边块 12卷筒而成并可在其周梭上刻制横向小牙紋或后倾的小齿 以帮助扶直禾秆。铁板齿身 6上还可向左右两側冲出很多交错分 布的后倾的角形的或左右側凸凹相间的内层突伸 7以帮助加快 脱粒。 铁板齿身可焊接在其载体 4上， 也可 （如图 11E ) 经有小 孔 400的齿根 5 (弯折 90。） 铆在载体 4上。 板状齿身也可采用 别的材料， 如塑料板， 其突伸可与齿身一体成型， 也可分体铆接, 其外层突伸 8可由一段铗棍的前端压扁并经小孔铆在齿身 6上， 外层突伸也可另用铁板弯制。隔板式钩齿的各种突伸的迎击棱面 最好是如图所示的斜交的或等力效的。 11 and 12 are so-called partition-type hook teeth which can be used for the partition-type hook roller. Each figure is a partial view of a ring-shaped plate-shaped tooth body 6 in a circumferentially connected body. The outer layer projects 8 equidistantly in the circumferential direction. It is fixed on the annular partition plate 6, and the outer layer protrusions 8 on the left and right sides can be staggered and distributed along the circumferential direction (as shown in FIG. 11), or they can be distributed on the left and right in the same circumferential direction (as shown in FIG. 12). The outer protrusion 8 can be bent with the iron plate tooth body 6 (see Figure 11E), that is, the protrusion block 8 is bent by about 90 ° along the dotted line in the ring, and the protrusion face and the tooth slope are both formed by the side block. 13 rolls are formed, and each of the outer layers protrudes behind the tooth top 9 and the reclining tooth body is formed by the side block 12 rolls and can be engraved with lateral small tooth patterns on its peripheral shuttle or Small teeth leaning back to help straighten the straw. The iron plate tooth body 6 can also punch out a number of staggered backward inclined angular or left and right convex and concave inner layer protrusions 7 to the left and right sides to help accelerate threshing. The iron plate tooth body can be welded to its carrier 4, or (see FIG. 11E) can be riveted to the carrier 4 through the tooth root 5 (bent 90.) with a small hole 400. The plate-shaped tooth body can also be made of other materials, such as a plastic plate. Its protrusion can be integrally formed with the tooth body or can be riveted separately. Its outer layer protrusion 8 can be flattened by the front end of a stick and riveted through a small hole. On the tooth body 6, the outer layer protrusion can also be bent with an iron plate. Various protruding facets of partition-type hook teeth It is best to be diagonal or equal force as shown.
各种刚性钩齿的制法可根据其形状特点选择， 如可用铁棍、 锬板弯制或焊接， 也可冲压、 铸造或用耐磨塑料塑制成型。 如图 The manufacturing methods of various rigid hook teeth can be selected according to their shape characteristics. For example, they can be bent or welded with iron rods or stern plates, or they can be stamped, cast, or molded with wear-resistant plastic. As shown
9中所示的钩齿可采用铗板按照图 9E所示的下料图下料， 可先 冲出内层突伸 7 , 并钻出齿根小块 5上的铆孔 400， 然后弯折并 使得： 1)、 齿根块 5沿其内边虛线弯折 90°; 2)、 虛线 104形成 齿身側面与齿钩面 11的交界线； 3)、 其余虛线作为齿身迎击棱 面 12或外层突伸迎击棱面 13的边线； 4)、 齿顶部 9较窄； 5)、 齿身的横截图形为 U形。 The hook teeth shown in 9 can be blanked according to the blanking diagram shown in FIG. 9E by using the stern plate. The inner layer protrusion 7 can be punched out first, and the rivet hole 400 on the small root block 5 can be drilled, and then bent. And make: 1) the tooth root block 5 is bent by 90 ° along the inner dashed line; 2) the dashed line 104 forms the boundary line between the side of the tooth body and the hook surface 11; 3) the remaining dashed lines serve as the tooth body to meet The face 12 or the outer layer protrudes against the edge of the face 13; 4), the tooth top 9 is narrower; 5), the cross-sectional figure of the tooth body is U-shaped.
如图 2E所示钩齿的下料铗板也类似地把各虛线外边的板条 弯折成齿身或突伸。 同理， 用铁板下料还可制成只有内层突伸的 所述附加的脱粒击齿并与上述钩击混合使用以增加穗粒受击机 会。  As shown in FIG. 2E, the blanking plate of the hook teeth similarly bends the strips on the outer sides of the dotted lines to form teeth or protrusions. In the same way, the additional threshing teeth with only the inner layer protruding can be made with iron plate cutting and used in combination with the above-mentioned hooking to increase the chance of panicle attack.
图 24、 25、 26各是一种采用刚性钩齿 18的钩齿滚筒， 钩 齿 18固定在滚筒外周面 4上。图 24是采用类似图 1及图 8的钩 齿的直交式钩齿滚筒； 图 25是采用类似图 6的单側钩齿的斜交 式或等力效的钩齿滚筒； 图 26是采用类似图 11及图 12的钩齿 Figures 24, 25, and 26 each show a hook-toothed roller using a rigid hook 18, which is fixed on the outer peripheral surface 4 of the roller. FIG. 24 is an orthogonal hook-type drum using hook teeth similar to FIG. 1 and FIG. 8; FIG. 25 is a skew-type or equivalent force-hook roller using single-sided hook teeth similar to FIG. 6; Hooks in Figures 11 and 12
(只无内层突伸） 的隔板式钩齿滚筒， 其环形板状齿身 6平行等 距地固定在滚筒周面 4上。 由各图可见， 上述三种钩齿滚筒都采 用了所述等距错开布齿法， 它们的共同特征还有： （ 1 ) 、 轴向 相邻的钩齿 18的齿体之间具有周向连通的环形存犴空间， 即存 秆通道 15， 且各自的每个工作单元即存秆通道同构、 等效； The partition-type hook-tooth roller (without the inner layer protruding) is fixed to the drum peripheral surface 4 in a ring-shaped plate-shaped tooth body 6 in parallel and equidistantly. It can be seen from the figures that the three types of hook tooth rollers described above all adopt the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method, and their common characteristics are as follows: (1) The axial bodies of the axially adjacent hook teeth 18 have a circumferential direction. The connected annular storage space is the storage stalk channel 15, and each working unit is the same and equivalent;
( 2 ) 、 钩齿滚筒按照箭头所示的方向旋转使得处在孤形入秆工 作面 17处的钩齿 18向上运动； （ 3 ) 、 在每个存秆通道的外周 有多处具有钩齿的外层突伸 8。 （ 4 ) 、 外层突伸 8 离滚筒外周 面的平均距离使得每个存秆通道 15的可存秆的有效橫截面积的 大小至少能够存下该进入和尚未退离的全部暂存禾秆。 （ 5 ) 、 每个外层突伸 8与其相邻齿体之间的入秆间隔 16a、 16b及 16c 的适当大小与钩齿的工作线速度及脱粒器的其它相关几何参数 相配合以使未秆易于进入齿钩 11并受到齿钩的控制。 (2) The hook-tooth roller rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow to make the hook 18 at the solitary stalk working surface 17 move upward; (3) There are hooks at multiple places on the outer periphery of each stalk channel The outer layer protrudes 8. (4) The average distance of the outer layer protrusion 8 from the outer peripheral surface of the drum enables the effective cross-sectional area of the stalks that can be stored in each stalk channel 15 to at least store all the temporarily stored stalks that have entered and not yet retreated. . (5) Intervals 16a, 16b, and 16c between each outer layer protrusion 8 and its adjacent tooth body The proper size of the gear is matched with the working linear speed of the hook teeth and other related geometric parameters of the thresher to make it easy for the weeds to enter the hook 11 and be controlled by the hook.
现以图 24、 25、 26所示的三秤钩齿滚筒分别横置于其收 获机前下部为例来说明其相关参数配合及其工作原理， 见图  Now take the three-scale hook-tooth rollers shown in Figures 24, 25, and 26 on the front and bottom of the harvester as an example to illustrate the related parameter coordination and its working principle, as shown in the figure.
25、 26、 6、 12、 图 24也类似。 钩齿滚筒的大小或其调高机 构使其在收获作业时的高度是， 其上部脱粒区稍低于待收作物的 穗部以保证穗部不在其前部受击脱粒而导致粮粒飞溅损失， 其下 部击齿离地面有一定距离以利于***禾秆丛隙。 当钩齿滚筒随其 机前进并如图示箭头旋向工作时， 处在其入秆工作面 17前方的 禾秆 20即使原生側倾也会首先受到相继上旋的齿项 9及齿坡 10 的向上挑拨或刮擦而被扶直。 只要使各齿坡 10的坡度较大且同 一橫排的钩齿 18的外层突伸 8的伸端 14与其轴向相邻的齿体或 伸端的轴向间隔 16a (该间隔 16a主要与外层突伸的轴向几何分 量及伸端迹距 d相关） 也较大， 则处在入秆工作面 17上的同一 横排的钩齿 18会易于同步地***较密的禾秆丛隙， 相对地说也 即凡处在任何两个轴向相邻的齿顶 9之间的禾秆会易于直接或 沿齿坡 10滑进入秆间隔 16a。 以下分两种情况： 1)、 对于各伸 端迹距 d小于禾秆直径的脱粒器， 因同一存秆通道 15的外层突 伸 8的伸端 14的环周运动轨迹在同一圓周面上， 在各轴向视图 (见图 25B和 26B ) 中， 只要任一伸端 14b至其周向相邻的前 后两伸端 14a与 14c的连线 33的距离 h (此距离;^是入秆间隔 16b , 它与伸端轨迹圓的直径、 同迹外层突伸 8或其伸端 14的 周向距离 c有关）适当大于禾秆直径且至少与钩齿的工作线速度 配合， 则可使得当禾秆 20中部沿某齿坡 10b側向摆动并绕过该 伸端 14b后再沿入秆间隔 16b反弹而进入该齿钩的过程中禾秆几 乎还受不到其周向相邻的外层突伸 8a或 8c的阻档。 而某横排钩 齿***禾秆丛隙时直接进入某入秆间隔 16a的禾秆则肯定会在 后一横排钩齿相继***禾秆丛隙过程中同理沿某齿坡側摆而绕 过该伸端后再反弹而进入该齿钩。 而一旦某禾秆被某齿钩钩压， 其上部秆穗便沿该齿钩的运动轨迹向后弯曲且其穗部受到向后 的打击力而使该秆中下部加力压向齿区而更利于沿齿坡滑入后 继上旋的齿钩。 这样在不断被钩压弯曲受击脱粒过程之中， 禾杆 上部再无机会弹出齿钩而只能因整机的前进而沿存秆通道相对 反转地退离脱粒器。 2)、 对于伸端迹距 d大于 （一倍至几倍） 禾 秆直径的脱粒器， 其同一存秆通道 15两側的伸端 14之间的轴向 距离 d也成了周向连通的入秆间隔 16c , 入秆会更通畅。 试验与 推理证明， 只要齿钩棱面 11的倾向和坡度 （见各钩齿图形） 及 与其前缘邻接的突伸迎击棱面 13的倾向和坡度在与其相应的工 作线速度下当一突伸 8每次撞击禾秆或禾穗时能使秆穗受到足 够的突伸线速度方向的切向分力和径向向内的分力或同时使禾 秆沿齿钩 11的轨迹弯曲一定幅度， 即使因秆穗同时受到轴向（側 向）分力而短时内側向地摆动而离开该突伸 8也会因它已至少还 具有径向向内摆动的分速度而摆入存秆通道另側的后继上旋的 齿钩。只要钩齿的工作线速度与脱粒器的较影响秆穗受力和运动 状况的相关几体参数恰当配合， 则可使得凡已进入存秆通道 15 的禾秆上部及穗部因左右交替受齿体打击而强烈振摆并蛇形弯 曲而无机会正对准周向连通的入秆间隔 16c而反弹出去， 面且处 于入秆工作面齿区的禾秆总是受到相继上旋的齿坡的挤压而不 断左右摆动， 因而正对准周向连通的较宽入秆间隔 16c而直接进 入存犴通道 15的禾秆也被正在振摆的禾秆带动而参与振摆而摆 入齿钩也同样受击脱粒。 脱完粒的禾秆沿入秆工作面 17相对反 转地退离脱粒器。 25, 26, 6, 12, and 24 are similar. The size of the hook-toothed drum or its height-adjusting mechanism makes the height of the hook during the harvesting operation is that the upper threshing area is slightly lower than the ear of the crop to be harvested to ensure that the ear is not hit by the front and threshing, causing the grain to splash and lose. The lower teeth are at a certain distance from the ground to facilitate insertion into the straw gap. When the hook-toothed roller advances with its machine and rotates in the direction of the arrow as shown in the figure, the straw 20 in front of its stalk working surface 17 will be firstly subjected to the successively rotated teeth 9 and tooth slopes 10 even if it is originally rolled. Picked up or scratched while being straightened. As long as the slope of each tooth slope 10 is large and the outer end 14 of the outer layer protrusion 8 of the same horizontal row of hook teeth 18 is axially spaced 16a from the axially adjacent tooth body or the extended end (the interval 16a is mainly external The axial geometric component of the layer protrusion and the distance of the end traces are also relatively large. Then, the same horizontal row of hook teeth 18 on the stalk working face 17 will be easily inserted into the denser straw gap synchronously. Relatively speaking, any straw that is located between any two axially adjacent tooth tips 9 will easily slide directly or along the tooth slope 10 into the straw space 16a. There are two cases as follows: 1) For threshers with a distance d of stalks smaller than the diameter of the straw, the circumferential trajectory of the extension 14 of the outer layer 8 of the same stalk channel 15 is on the same circumferential surface. In each axial view (see Figs. 25B and 26B), as long as the distance h between any of the extended ends 14b to the line 33 adjacent to the two adjacent extended ends 14a and 14c in the circumferential direction (this distance; ^ is the distance between the stems 16b, It is related to the diameter of the trajectory circle of the extended end, and the circumferential distance c of the outer layer protrusion 8 or the extended end 14 of the same trace. It is suitably larger than the diameter of the straw and at least matched with the working linear speed of the hook teeth. In the middle of 20, the side swings along a tooth slope 10b, bypasses the extended end 14b, and then bounces along the stalk interval 16b to enter the hook. In the process of entering the hook, the straw can hardly receive its circumferentially adjacent outer protrusion 8a or 8c block. When a horizontal row of hook teeth is directly inserted into a straw interval 16a when it is inserted into the straw gap, it will surely swing around the side of a tooth slope in the process of the subsequent horizontal row of teeth being inserted into the straw gap. After the extended end, it rebounds and enters the hook. And once a straw is pressed by a hook, the upper culm of the culm is bent backward along the trajectory of the tine and the spike is subjected to a backward impact, so that the middle and lower portions of the culm are pressed against the tooth area. More conducive to sliding along the tooth slope into the subsequent upward-spinning hook. In this way, during the process of being continuously pressed and bent by the hook and threshing, the upper part of the straw no longer has the opportunity to eject the hook, and can only retreat from the thresher relatively reversely along the stalk channel due to the advancement of the whole machine. 2). For threshers with a stalk diameter greater than (one to several times) the diameter of the straw, the axial distance d between the extensions 14 on both sides of the same stalk channel 15 has also become circumferentially connected. The stalk interval is 16c, and the stalk insertion will be more smooth. Tests and inferences prove that as long as the tendency and slope of the hook face 11 (see each hook tooth pattern) and the protrusion adjacent to the leading edge and the tendency and slope of the face 13 meet the corresponding working linear velocity as a protrusion 8 Each time the straw or spike is hit, the spike can be subjected to sufficient tangential component forces in the direction of the protruding linear velocity and radial inward component force, or the straw can be bent along the trajectory of the tooth hook 11 to a certain extent. Even if the stalk spike is simultaneously subjected to axial (lateral) component force and swings inside out for a short time, it will leave the protrusion 8 because it already has at least a partial velocity that swings radially inward. Lateral successors on the side are hooked up. As long as the working linear speed of the hook teeth and the relative parameters of the thresher that affect the stress and movement of the stalk and ears are properly matched, the upper part of the stalks and the ears that have entered the stalk channel 15 can be subjected to left and right alternate teeth. The body strikes strongly and oscillates and bends in a serpentine shape without the opportunity to bounce out at the stalk interval 16c that is connected in the circumferential direction. The stalks on the surface and in the tooth area of the stalk working surface are always subject to successive upward rotation of the tooth slope. Squeezing and constantly swinging left and right, so the straw that is directly aligned with the circumferentially connected wide stalk interval 16c and directly enters the storage channel 15 is also driven by the stalk that is swinging to participate in the swing and swing into the hook. Also hit threshing. The threshed straw exits the thresher relatively inversely along the straw working surface 17.
当收获机向某側转弯作业时， 正在脱粒的禾秆的下部首先相 对脱粒器逐渐向另側移动， 禾秆上部跟随橫移而相继进入相邻的 存杆通道， 在横移过程中， 被钩压在齿区内的禾秆上部能从分立 齿体的周向间隔处移至相邻存秆通道而使其穗部始终可受击脱 粒。环形隔板状齿身也可周向断开几处，以形成螺旋线方向的（即 非周向的） 过秆通道， 以免秆穗重新进入相邻存秆通道时浪费一 点可脱粒的时间。 When the harvester turns to one side, the lower part of the threshing straw first moves gradually to the other side relative to the thresher, and the upper part of the straw follows the lateral movement and successively enters the adjacent rod storage channel. During the lateral movement, the The upper part of the straw that is hooked in the tooth zone can be moved from the circumferential interval of the discrete tooth body to the adjacent storage channel, so that the ear can always be knocked off. Grain. The ring-shaped baffle-shaped tooth body can also be disconnected in several places in the circumferential direction to form a helical (ie, non-circumferential) passage through the stalk, so as not to waste a little time for threshing when the stalk spike reenters the adjacent stalk channel.
当需要收获严重倾仗的稻麦作物时， 可把橫置脱粒器的离地 高度适当调小 （其调高机构见后述） 并使收获机的收获前进方向 基本与禾秆的倾仗方向一致， 收获行进到地块一头时可原路线退 回后再顺禾秆倾仗方向前进收获下一趟。  When it is necessary to harvest rice and wheat crops with heavy dumping, the ground clearance of the horizontal thresher can be appropriately reduced (the height adjustment mechanism will be described later), and the harvesting direction of the harvester is basically the same as that of the straw. Unanimously, when the harvest has reached the end of the plot, it can be returned after the original route and then harvested in the direction of the straw.
根据对基本结构形式如图 24、 25、 26所示的脱粒器采用 不同参数配合的一些试验， 其易测数据和由易測数据依理推测的 可供参考的应可实现的数据值如下： （ 1 ) 、 滚筒直径 280毫米 (禾秆越高滚筒可越大） ； （ 2 ) 、 外层突伸离滚筒外周面的平 均距离 30 - 50毫米 （由禾秆最大平均密度决定） ； （ 3 ) 、 在 迹截廓图中齿坡相对脱粒器水平轴线的坡度 40。- 65。 （坡角越 大越有利于入秆） ； （ 4 ) 、 外层突伸的側向几何分量 10 - 20 毫米； （ 5 ) 、 与 （ 4 ) 所述参数相应的存秆通道宽度 20― 50 毫米； （ 6 ) 、 与 （ 3 ) 、 （ 4 ) 所述参数相应的伸端迹距 0 - 10毫米； （ 7 ) 、 轨迹相同的外层突伸的周向距离是每周 6 - 2 个； （ 8 ) 、 与 （ 7 ) 所述参数相应的钩齿工作线速度 4.5-20 米 /秒以上； （ 9 ) 、 与 （ 8 ) 所述参数相应的击齿主要迎击棱 面的迎击角 90°- 15°以下； （ 10 ) 、 主要迎击棱面的橫截面外 廓线的曲率半径 5— 2毫米； （ 11 )、与 （ 8 )、 （ 9 )、 （ 10 ) 所述参数相应的 （另有一些内层突伸作附加击齿）每穗稻麦脱粒 干净所需的受击时间 0.6-0.1秒； （ 12 ) 、 对于横置脱粒器的两 側和上方设置防'溅罩而其前方不加设任何防溅设施且其后方也 不加设附加脱粒件的最简收获方式， 如欲使粮粒总损失率小于 2 %, 可限定每穗在脱粒器最上部、 在脱粒时间内的前后移动距离 约为 100亳米； （ 13 ) 、 与 （ 11 ) 、 （ 12 ) 所述参数相应的 收获机收获前进速度是 0.3-2米 /秒， 相应的每米幅宽脱粒器的工 效约 1.8-11亩 /时。 According to some experiments with different parameters for the thresher with the basic structure shown in Figures 24, 25, and 26, the easy-to-measure data and the data values that should be realizable for reference that can be inferred from the easy-to-measure data are as follows: ( 1), the diameter of the drum is 280 mm (the higher the straw, the larger the drum); (2), the average distance of the outer layer protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the drum is 30-50 mm (determined by the maximum average density of the straw); (3) In the trace profile, the slope of the tooth slope relative to the horizontal axis of the thresher is 40. -65. (The larger the slope angle, the more favorable it is to enter the culm); (4) The lateral geometric component of the outer protrusion is 10-20 mm; (5) The width of the culm channel corresponding to the parameter described in (4) 20-50 mm ; (6), the distance between the end traces corresponding to the parameters described in (3), (4) is 0-10 mm; (7), the circumferential distance of the outer layer protrusion with the same track is 6-2 per week; (8), the working linear speed of the hook teeth corresponding to the parameters described in (7) is 4.5-20 m / s or more; (9), the teeth corresponding to the parameters described in (8) mainly meet the angle of attack of the face 90 ° -15 ° or less; (10), the radius of curvature of the cross-section profile of the main hitting face is 5-2 mm; (11), corresponding to the parameters described in (8), (9), (10) (other Some inner layers protrude as additional teeth.) The attack time required for each ear of rice and wheat to be threshed cleanly is 0.6-0.1 seconds; (12). The sides of the horizontal thresher and the upper part are provided with anti-splash covers and the front is not The simplest way to harvest without any splash protection and no additional threshers behind it. If you want to make the total grain loss rate less than 2%, you can It is determined that each ear is at the uppermost part of the thresher, and the forward and backward moving distance during the threshing time is about 100 亳 m; (13), and (11), (12) The parameters corresponding to the parameters of the harvester are 0.3-2 meters. Per second, corresponding to the working of the thresher per meter width The effect is about 1.8-11 mu / hour.
由工作过程及原理可知， 采用图 1至图 12所示的单种或几 种钩齿混用都可依所述等距错开布齿法构成脱粒器， 例如：  It can be known from the working process and principle that the single or multiple hook teeth shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 12 can be used to form the thresher according to the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method, for example:
( 1 ) 、 全用图 1的钩齿依图 25的布齿法可构成直交式脱粒器； ( 2 ) 、 滚筒端边用图 6所示的钩齿而滚筒中部全用图 7所示的 钩齿可构成斜交式脱粒器。 （ 3 ) 、 同一脱粒器可全采用类似图 1或图 6或图 11的单側钩齿， 并使脱粒器的左半段的钩齿的外 层突伸 8都设置在右側而使脱粒器的右半段的钩齿的外层突伸 8 都设置在左側， 这样只有脱粒器中部的一个存秆通道的两側都有 外层突伸 8的齿钩 11而別的存秆通道都只一側有外层突伸的齿 钩， 另側可只有齿身打击犴穗， 外层突伸仍可等距错开分布， 经 试其相关参数配合可与上述相似。  (1) All the hook teeth of FIG. 1 can be used to form an orthogonal threshing machine according to the cloth tooth method of FIG. 25; (2) The hook edges shown in FIG. 6 are used at the end of the drum, and the teeth shown in FIG. 7 are used at the middle of the drum. The hook teeth can form an oblique cross thresher. (3) The same threshing machine can all adopt single-sided hook teeth similar to FIG. 1 or FIG. 6 or FIG. 11, and the outer layer protrusions 8 of the hook teeth of the left half of the thresher are set on the right side to make the thresher The outer layer protrusions 8 of the right half of the hook teeth are set on the left side, so that only one side of the stalk channel in the center of the thresher has the hooks 11 of the outer layer protrusion 8 on the sides, and the other stalk channels are only On one side, there are tooth hooks protruding from the outer layer, and on the other side, only the tooth body can strike the spikes. The outer protrusions can still be staggered and distributed at an equal distance. The related parameters can be similar to the above through trials.
上述脱粒器实施例中的钩齿的外层突伸的齿钩棱面 11的倾 向都是向其存秆通道 15内弯钩的 （如图 1 、 6 ) 或至少不倾向 其轨迹环外 （见图 8、 12 ) 以更利于钩压禾秆。 但图 3至图 5 所示钩齿的外层突伸 8的齿钩的棱面 11倾向其轨迹环外而使其 伸端 14成了齿顶 9， 图 3D、 4D、 5D分别是该相应钩齿仍依 等距错开布齿法构成的钩齿滚筒的工作单元即某个存秆通道的 迹截廓图， 经试当使其齿钩棱面 11的坡度或曲率与其工作线速 度及其它相关几何参数配合而使禾犴受到突伸的打击力的向其 轨迹环内的分力能克服禾秆向环外的弹力时也能钩压秆穗至存 秆通道 15内脱粒， 尤其使齿体 （见图 4 ) 或外层突伸 8 (见图 13 ) 既側倾又前倾则更利于钩压禾犴。 其入秆间隔 16虽较宽， 但当某禾秆 20沿某齿坡 10滑进存秆通道 15时便会向一側摆动 而祓该側的齿钩 11相继钩压。这三种直交式脱粒器的外层突伸 8 的周向距离 C可以比上述的更小，且轨迹相邻的钩齿的周向位置 不需等距错开也能够较畅快入秆， 其它参数配合可参照图 24的 直交式脱粒器。 直交齿的工作线速度在 6米 /秒以下时断穗含杂 较少。 In the embodiment of the threshing machine embodiment, the protruding hook tooth edge surface 11 of the outer layer of the hook teeth tends to hook into the stalk channel 15 (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) or at least does not tend to move outside the trajectory loop ( (See Figures 8 and 12) to make it easier to hook the straw. However, the hook surface 11 of the hook 8 in the outer layer 8 of the hook teeth shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 tends to be out of the track ring, so that the extended end 14 becomes the tooth tip 9, and FIGS. 3D, 4D, and 5D are corresponding ones. The working unit of the hook roller that the hook teeth are still staggered according to the cloth arrangement method is a trace profile of a certain stalk channel. The slope or curvature of the hook edge surface 11 and its working linear velocity and other Relevant geometrical parameters cooperate to make the grasshopper receive a projecting blow force, and the component force in the track loop can overcome the elastic force of the straw outside the ring. It can also hook the stalk ears to the threshing channel 15 to thresh, especially the teeth. The body (see Fig. 4) or the outer protrusion 8 (see Fig. 13) is both more inclined to lean forward and lean forward. Although the stalk-entry interval 16 is relatively wide, when a certain stalk 20 slides into a stalk storage channel 15 along a certain tooth slope 10, it will swing to one side and the tooth hooks 11 on the side are sequentially pressed. The circumferential distance C of the outer layer protrusion 8 of these three orthogonal threshers can be smaller than the above, and the circumferential positions of the adjacent hook teeth of the track can be entered into the stalk faster without being offset by an equal distance. Other parameters For cooperation, refer to the orthogonal thresher of FIG. 24. Broken spikes when the linear working speed of the orthogonal teeth is below 6 m / s Less.
所述直交式或斜交式脱粒器的存秆通道的迹截廍图可如图 The truncation diagram of the stalk storage channel of the orthogonal or oblique thresher can be shown in FIG.
10D或图 22， 即使得每个存秆通道 15异側的外层突伸 8 (内层 突伸也可如此） 的伸端 14的径向位置错开， 以使其伸端迹距 d 具有较大径向分量而使其入秆间隔 16C更易具有通畅性，这时同 迹突伸的周向距离可更小以利于压持禾秆。 10D or FIG. 22, even if the outer layer protrusions 8 (inner layer protrusions) on the opposite side of each storage channel 15 are displaced, the radial positions of the extension ends 14 are staggered so that the extension end track distance d is relatively large. The radial component makes it easier to have patency at the interval of 16C into the stalk. At this time, the circumferential distance of the same track protrusion can be smaller to facilitate pressing the straw.
如图 22 , 可在各种脱粒器击齿载体 4的外周面上设置有一 定径向分量的附加脱粒击齿 23， 并使其迎击角与钩齿的迎击角 相当。 还可使脱粒器的迹截廍图如图 21 , 即在其较宽的存秆通 道 15的中部加设同迹的多根较高的杆状齿 24 , 其外尖端 25伸 至左右钩齿的外层突伸 8的伸端 14之间 （杆状齿的周向位置可 与左右钩齿都错开） ， 使较宽的入秆间隔 16和存秆通道 15都被 杆状齿 24—分为二以利于入秆的通畅性。  As shown in FIG. 22, an additional threshing tooth 23 having a certain radial component may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the various threshing gear tooth carriers 4, and the angle of attack thereof is equivalent to that of the hook teeth. The trace of the thresher can also be made as shown in FIG. 21, that is, a plurality of tall rod-shaped teeth 24 with the same trace are added in the middle of its wider storage channel 15, and its outer tip 25 extends to the left and right hook teeth. Between the extended ends 14 of the outer protrusion 8 (the circumferential position of the rod-shaped teeth can be staggered from both the left and right hook teeth), so that the wider culm interval 16 and the culm channel 15 are both divided by the rod-shaped teeth 24- It is two to facilitate the patency of the stalk.
脱粒器的钩齿的外层突伸伸端側边的入犴间隔还可用所述 的可恢复性变形的钩齿来实现， 图 13是一个示意存杆通道两側 的变形钩齿在工作中变形的迹截廓图。 1)、 当钩齿 18运动到入 秆工作面并有最密最大量的禾秆向载体方弹压其外层突伸 8的 齿坡 10时， 前述各力的合力使其伸端 14基本沿以齿项 9为心的 孤线 22位移而使伸端迹距 d变大到 dl5 以利入杆； 2)、 当钩齿 运动到载体上方并有最大量禾秆向环外弹压在其齿钩棱面上 时，前述各力的合力使外层突伸伸端 14向外位移而使伸端迹距 d 变小到 d2以利于钩压未秆； 3)、 在其它任何情况下， 伸端迹距 d 值在 值与 d2值之间变化。 实现上述劝能的变形钩齿的结构与 制法可如下： The gap between the outer edges of the protruding ends of the hook teeth of the thresher can also be achieved by using the recoverable deformable hook teeth. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the deformed hook teeth on both sides of the rod channel in operation. Deformed trace profile. 1) When the hook teeth 18 move to the working surface of the stalk and the densest and largest amount of straw slams the tooth slope 10 of its outer protrusion 8 toward the carrier, the combined force of the aforementioned forces causes the extended end 14 to substantially follow The solitary line 22 with the tooth item 9 as the center is displaced to increase the end trace distance d to d l5 to facilitate the rod entry; 2) When the hook teeth move above the carrier and a maximum amount of straw springs out against the ring When the surface of the hook surface, the combined force of the aforementioned forces causes the outer protruding end 14 to be displaced outwardly, so that the distance d of the extended end is reduced to d 2 to facilitate the hook pressing of the stem; 3), in any other case The value of the extension trace distance d varies between the value and the value of d 2 . The structure and manufacturing method of the deformed hook teeth for realizing the above-mentioned persuasion can be as follows:
1、 弹性变形钩齿。 （ 1 ) 、 用直径和弹力适中的可淬火钢 伸： a、 弯制成类似图 b的单側钩齿； b、 弯制成如图 5的蛇形 钩齿； c、 齿身处两根或多根钢丝互绞而外层突伸处钢丝分开成 类似图 7的 Y形双側钩齿； d、 其迹截廓图如图 14 , 即在刚性 的分立齿身或隔板式齿身 6上固定 （如铆接） 一段由钢丝弯制的 外层突伸 8。 为减少脱粒含杂率， 以上具有较细迎击棱的钢丝钩 齿可与较多附加击齿组配成适用较低工作线速度 V的脱粒器，也 可在较细钢丝外套上耐磨软管以加大迎击棱橫截外廓线的曲率 半径。 （ 2 ) 、 迹截廓图如图 15， 即用可淬火的薄钢片弯制外 层突伸 8并可铆接在刚性的齿身 6上， 突伸迎击棱面 13可由钢 片卷边而成。 图 16是用于斜交式脱粒器的薄钢片的下料图， 两 小孔 306是与齿身 6的铆接用孔， 整片沿小孔上方虛线 307弯折 成齿顶 9。 箭头表示与齿身铆接后的工作运动方向， 小边块 13 卷边成与运动方向斜交的突伸迎击棱面。 以上弹性变形的内应力 较大的各外层突伸的靠近齿顶的迎击棱的前方可由与齿身 6连 体的遮档片档住， 以防夹入枝叶或断穗。 （ 3 ) 、 至少具有弹力 适中的单側或双側外层突伸的齿体部分由类似耐磨的硬橡胶的 有机弹性材料构成， 其外层突伸的径向厚度可小而其周向宽度可 大， 该橡胶齿体可直接夹紧在载体上或可固定在无外层突伸的刚 性齿身上， 与刚性齿身的固定方法可如下： a : 钩齿的纵剖图如 图 17 , 即具有外层突伸 8的橡胶齿体的齿身 6a由铁板卷制的刚 性齿身夹持， 铁板齿身 6b的横断图形可基本是 U形， 它可经其 齿根铆接、 焊接或夹紧在载体 4上； b、 其纵剖面图如图 18， 即具有外层突伸 8的橡胶齿体的齿身 6c是中空的套管， 它可套 在固定在载体 4上的杆状刚性齿身 6d上， 其外周可绕细钢丝捆 绑紧固或由橫稍固定。 1. Elastically deformed hook teeth. (1) Using a hardenable steel with a moderate diameter and elasticity to stretch: a. Bend into a single-sided hook similar to Figure b; b, Bend into a snake-shaped hook as shown in Figure 5; c, Two teeth at the tooth body Or multiple wires are twisted each other and the wires at the outer protrusion are separated into Similar to the Y-shaped double-sided hook teeth of FIG. 7; d. Its trace profile is shown in FIG. 14, that is, it is fixed (such as riveted) on a rigid discrete tooth body or partition-type tooth body 6 with an outer layer bent by a steel wire. Protrude 8. In order to reduce the impurity content of threshing, the above-mentioned steel wire hooks with finer impacting edges can be combined with more additional toothing groups to form threshers suitable for lower working linear speed V, and can also wear hoses on thinner wire jackets. To increase the radius of curvature of the cross section of the striking edge. (2) The trace profile is shown in Figure 15. That is, the outer layer protrusion 8 can be bent with a hardenable thin steel sheet and can be riveted on the rigid tooth body 6. The protrusion against the edge 13 can be crimped by the steel sheet. to make. FIG. 16 is a blanking view of a thin steel sheet used for an oblique cross thresher. Two small holes 306 are holes for riveting with the tooth body 6, and the whole piece is bent along the dotted line 307 above the small hole to form the tooth top 9. The arrow indicates the working movement direction after riveting with the tooth body, and the small side block 13 is curled into a protrusion obliquely intersecting with the movement direction to meet the face. The front of each of the outer layers of the above elastically deformed internal stresses that protrude close to the apex of the tooth can be blocked by a shielding piece connected to the tooth body 6 to prevent pinching leaves or broken ears. (3) At least part of the tooth body with unilateral or double-sided outer layer protrusion with moderate elasticity is composed of an organic elastic material similar to abrasion-resistant hard rubber, and the radial thickness of the outer layer protrusion may be small and its circumferential direction The width can be large. The rubber tooth body can be clamped directly on the carrier or can be fixed on the rigid tooth body with no outer layer protrusion. The fixing method with the rigid tooth body can be as follows: a: The longitudinal sectional view of the hook teeth is shown in Figure 17 That is, the tooth body 6a of the rubber tooth body with the outer protrusion 8 is held by a rigid tooth body rolled by an iron plate. The cross-sectional pattern of the iron plate tooth body 6b can be basically U-shaped, and it can be riveted by its root, Welded or clamped on the carrier 4; b. Its longitudinal cross-sectional view is shown in FIG. 18, that is, the tooth body 6c of the rubber tooth body with the outer protrusion 8 is a hollow sleeve, which can be sleeved on the carrier 4. The outer periphery of the rod-shaped rigid tooth body 6d can be fastened by binding around a thin steel wire or fixed by a cross.
2、 离心变形钩齿。 如图 19， 即可在分立或隔板式齿身 6的 齿顶 9附近固定一根基本沿其环周运动的轨迹环的切向向后延 伸的短轴 309 , 在轴上铰接一块或左右两块转动惯量较小的突伸 块 8， 突伸块可由耐磨塑料制成或用薄金属片 （如铗片） 卷制轴 孔和直交或斜交迎击棱面 13 , 突伸块 8由短轴 309上的台肩或 横向销轴向定位， 它可绕其轴旋转一定角度并限位， 更具体的结 构及工作情况可如下： （ 1 ) 、 使图 19的 D - D向剖面图如图 20， 即每突伸块 8的可旋转角度由其轴孔内较宽的轴向凹槽 310 配合短轴 309上的较窄的轴向突棱 311来限制并使得其工作情况 是： a、 当突伸块 8随齿身环周运动到入秆工作面时， 禾秆 20 对齿坡 10的弹压力产生的力矩可克服突伸块自身的离心力矩而 使伸端 14向环内摆动， 这时伸端迹距 d变大且齿坡坡度也变大 而易于入秆； b、 当突伸块 8随其身环周运动到载体上方的脱粒 区时， 突伸块 8受自身的离心力矩和禾秆向环外反弹力的力矩而 使其伸端 14向环外摆动直到被其凹槽 310和轴上突棱 311限位 在齿坡角较小的位置， 此时伸端迹距 d也较小利于压持存秆通道 内受击的秆穗。 （ 2 ) 、 为了使钩齿在较大的工作线速度下即突 伸块离心力矩较大的情况下仍使其入秆通畅， 还可增设用于抵消 突伸离心力矩的扭力弹簧， （最好在入秆工作面时使上述两种力 矩抗衡在使齿坡角约为 20°处） ， 扭力弹簧可安装在轴孔内或突 伸块后部。 2. Centrifugal deformation hook teeth. As shown in FIG. 19, a short shaft 309 extending tangentially rearward of a trajectory ring that basically moves along its circumference can be fixed near the tooth top 9 of the discrete or partitioned tooth body 6 and hinged on the shaft or left and right Two protruding blocks 8 having a small moment of inertia. The protruding blocks may be made of wear-resistant plastic or rolled with a thin metal sheet (such as a cymbal) to shaft holes and perpendicular or oblique to meet the edge 13. The protruding block 8 is composed of Shoulder on short axis 309 or The lateral pin is positioned axially, it can rotate a certain angle around its axis and limit the position. The more specific structure and working conditions are as follows: (1) Make the D-D sectional view of Figure 19 as shown in Figure 20, that is, each protrusion The rotatable angle of the block 8 is limited by the wider axial groove 310 in the shaft hole and the narrow axial ridge 311 on the short shaft 309, so that its working condition is: a. When the protruding block 8 follows When the ring of the tooth body moves to the working surface of the stalk, the moment generated by the elastic pressure of the stalk 20 on the tooth slope 10 can overcome the centrifugal moment of the protruding block and swing the extended end 14 into the ring. d becomes larger and the slope of the tooth slope becomes larger, which makes it easier to enter the stalk; b. When the protruding block 8 moves around the threshing area above the carrier along with its body, the protruding block 8 is subject to its own centrifugal moment and the straw to the ring. The torque of the external rebound force causes the extended end 14 to swing outwards until it is limited by the groove 310 and the protruding edge 311 on the shaft to a position with a small tooth slope angle. At this time, the distance d of the extended end is also small to facilitate pressure. Hold the stalk spikes in the stalk channel. (2) In order to make the hook teeth smooth in the stalk under the condition that the centrifugal moment of the protruding block is large at a large working linear speed, a torsion spring can also be added to offset the centrifugal moment of the protruding block. Fortunately, when entering the working surface of the stalk, the above two moments are balanced so that the tooth slope angle is about 20 °). The torsion spring can be installed in the shaft hole or at the rear of the protruding block.
同一脱粒器中具有外层突伸的钩齿都可用上述的变形钩 齿， 但为降低成本也可与刚性钩齿混用， 例如， 周向或轴向相邻 的钩齿由两类互相间隔。 全体钩齿的布置仍可采用等距错开布齿 法， 但外层突伸周距可更小或工作线速度可更大。  All the hook teeth with outer protrusions in the same thresher can use the above-mentioned deformed hook teeth, but they can also be mixed with rigid hook teeth to reduce costs. For example, circumferentially or axially adjacent hook teeth are separated by two types. The arrangement of the entire hook teeth can still adopt the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method, but the outer protrusion can be smaller in the circumferential distance or the working linear speed can be greater.
各种脱粒器都可采用所述的等距错开布齿法但又不需严宁 其规则， 例如： （ 1 ) 、钩齿尤其齿身各向都不须严格等距分布； ( 2 ) 存秆通道同一側的齿体尤其齿身不须轨迹重合， 即存秆通 道只须基本周向连通。  All kinds of threshers can adopt the equidistant staggered tooth arrangement method without strict rules, such as: (1) Hook teeth, especially the tooth body, need not be strictly equidistantly distributed in all directions; (2) The tooth body on the same side of the culm channel, especially the tooth body, need not coincide with the trajectory, that is, the culm channel only needs to be basically connected in the circumferential direction.
各种齿身上都可加设内层突伸 7 (见图 9 - 12 ) , 它可只 帮助加快脱粒， 也可类似外层突伸那样可向载体方钩压秆穗且利 用外层突伸遮档向机前方飞溅的粮粒。  Various teeth can be provided with an inner layer protrusion 7 (see Figures 9-12), which can only help to speed up threshing. It can also be similar to the outer layer protrusion. It can press the stalk spike to the carrier and use the outer layer protrusion. Cover the grain splashing in front of the machine.
所述齿顶 9附近的用以扶直或理顺側倾禾秆的迎击棱面 12a (见图 6A、 图 12A ) 的径向高度分量不需很大而其迎击角的大 小可視扶直禾秆的快慢及击断穗叶的多少而选优， 所述齿顶上和 /或其附近的迎击棱面上可加设的小牙紋 103 (如图 11E、 图 26B ) 的大小及锋利程度的选优原则也类似。 对于隔板状齿身的 钩齿 （如图 11、 12A ) ， 可把齿顶 9近处的迎击棱面 12a最好 设置在每个外层突伸 8的近后方， 以使其不起脱粒作用。 The striking edge 12a near the tooth tip 9 is used to straighten or straighten the tilting straw (See Figures 6A and 12A.) The radial height component does not need to be large and the size of its angle of attack can be selected based on the speed of straightening the straw and the number of leaves that are broken. The tooth top and / or The selection principles of the size and sharpness of the small tooth patterns 103 (as shown in Fig. 11E and Fig. 26B) that can be added to the adjacent facets are similar. For the hook teeth of the partition-shaped tooth body (as shown in Figs. 11 and 12A), the striking face 12a near the tooth top 9 may be preferably set near the rear of each outer layer protrusion 8 so as not to thresh. effect.
所述各种环带式脱粒器的钩齿形状、 布齿方式及相应相关参 数的配合都可与所述滚筒式脱粒器的类似， 且入秆工作面 17也 是弧形面， 则其工作原理也类似， 不另细述。 图 23是斜交式等 力效的环带式脱粒器的轴向視图， 因处在其载体 4的上紧边上的 脱粒区的击齿的每处的工作线速度都相同， 则击齿迎击棱面上各 点处的等力效迎击角也各点处都相等， 因此图中的线材所制钩齿 18呈折线形。 环带式脱粒器载体 4的上紧边的长度、 倾角及前 后辊或轮的大小由禾秆的高度、 向前飞溅粮粒的多少及向后输运 粮粒的效杲等因素综合优选优， 其后辊 （或链轮） 可作驱动辊。  The shape of the hook teeth, the arrangement of the teeth and the corresponding parameters of the various belt threshers can be similar to those of the roller thresher, and the working surface 17 is also an arc-shaped surface. It's similar, so I won't go into details. FIG. 23 is an axial view of an oblique equal-effect endless belt threshing machine. Because the working linear velocity of the teeth of the threshing zone on the upper tight side of the carrier 4 is the same, the impact speed is the same. The equal-effect attack angles at the points of the tooth striking face are also equal at each point, so the hook teeth 18 made of the wire in the figure are in the shape of a broken line. The length of the upper side of the belt-type thresher carrier 4, the inclination angle, and the size of the front and rear rollers or wheels are optimized based on factors such as the height of the straw, the number of grains splashing forward, and the efficiency of transporting the grains backward. The back roller (or sprocket) can be used as the driving roller.
击齿固定在载体上的方法很多， 如钉、 铆、 焊、 夹等， 还可 如下实现： （ 1 ) 、 对于钩齿滚筒， 可用多个与存秆通道同宽的 硬质（如硬塑料）环形片夹持钩齿， 环形片的外周面作滚筒周面， 环形片轴向开多孔或内周边有多个半圆孔槽用以穿过多根长螺 栓与滚筒辐板固定且夹紧钩齿； （ 2 ) 、 对于环形皮带或钢带作 载体的环带式脱粒器， 为了既使环带易于曲直变形又使钩齿不易 同时内外两面固定环带， 钩齿固定在板条上。 环内板条的后边缘 可制成可与驱动辊的轴向四槽的后边缘相啮合驱动的齿面状。如 用钢带作载体窄板条可钎焊或铆在钢带上。  There are many methods for fixing the teeth on the carrier, such as nails, riveting, welding, clamps, etc., and can also be implemented as follows: (1) For the hook-tooth roller, multiple hard (such as hard plastic) with the same width as the stalk channel can be used ) The ring piece clamps the hook teeth. The outer peripheral surface of the ring piece is used as the drum peripheral surface. The ring piece is axially perforated or has multiple semicircular hole grooves on the inner periphery for fixing and clamping the hook through a plurality of long bolts and the drum spoke plate. (2) For an endless belt type thresher with an endless belt or a steel belt as a carrier, in order to make the endless belt easily bend and deform and make it difficult for the hook teeth to fix the endless belt on both the inner and outer sides, the hook teeth are fixed on the slat. The rear edge of the ring inner slat can be made into a tooth surface that can be driven by meshing with the rear four axial grooves of the driving roller. If a steel strip is used as a carrier, the narrow strip can be brazed or riveted to the steel strip.
在试验寻找各式 （尤全用刚性钩齿的） 脱粒器的最佳结构 形式和相关参数配合的过程中可根据工况试作如下相应改变： ( 1 ) 、 如果发现入秆通畅性很好而齿钩对秆穗的控制劝能不 佳， 则可把下列相关参数或特征单独地或多项同时地作如下改 变： ①、 把外层突伸的周向距离 C改小； ②、 把各外层突伸的伸 端迹距 d改小和 /或把突伸的轴向几何分量改大 （存秆通道的宽 度也可相应适当改大） ； ③、 使齿钩棱面的倾向和坡度更加向其 轨迹环内弯钩； ④、 把击齿的工作线速度改大； ⑤、 增加内层突 伸的钩压劝能； （ 2 ) 、 如发现入秆通畅性不好而齿钩对秆穂的 控制劝能很好时， 则可把上述 （ 1 ) 中所列参数或特征作相反的 改变和 /或把齿坡的坡度改大； （ 3 ) 、 如杲希望脱粒工效更高 和 /或脱出粮粒含杂更少， 可作如下变更： ①、 在存秆通道的左、 右側和 /或载体外周面上增设附加击齿并使它们均匀交错分布以 免夹持刮断穗或叶； ②、 把击齿工作线速度改大和 /或各击齿迎 击角改小。 In the process of searching for the best structural form and related parameters of various types of threshers (especially those with rigid hook teeth), the following changes can be made according to the working conditions: (1) If the stalk smoothness is found to be good The control of stalks and spikes by tooth hooks is not recommended. If it is better, the following related parameters or characteristics can be changed individually or in multiples as follows: ①, reduce the circumferential distance C of the outer layer protrusions to be smaller; ②, reduce the end trace distance d of each outer layer protrusions Reduce and / or increase the axial geometric component of the protrusion (the width of the stalk channel can also be appropriately increased accordingly); ③, make the tendency and slope of the hook surface more toward the track loop; ④ 1. Increase the working speed of the teeth. ⑤. Increase the hook pressure of the inner protrusion. (2) When the stalk smoothness is found to be poor and the hook's control of the stem is good. Then the parameters or features listed in (1) above can be reversed and / or the slope of the tooth slope can be increased; (3) Rugao hopes that the threshing work efficiency is higher and / or the grains contained are less impurities, The following changes can be made: ① Add additional teeth on the left and right sides of the stalk channel and / or the outer surface of the carrier and make them evenly staggered to avoid clamping and scratching the ears or leaves; ②. Change the working speed of the teeth. The angle of attack of the large and / or each tooth is reduced.
本发明的稻麦原生脱粒器还可用于收获大麦、 燕麦、 油茱 籽、 粟米等长条犴作物， 还可用于割后脱粒的各式脱粒机， 相应 参数配合可由用途选优。  The rice-wheat native thresher of the present invention can also be used to harvest long barley crops such as barley, oats, oil seed, corn, and corn, and can also be used in various threshers for threshing after cutting. Corresponding parameters can be selected and optimized for the application.
下面， 再结合附图 27 ~图 66详细说明本发明的原生脱粒稻 麦收获机。  Hereinafter, the native threshing rice and wheat harvester of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 27 to 66.
(一） 、 采用橫置脱粒器的脱粒装置  (1) Thresher using horizontal thresher
如图 27、 31 、 33和图 39至图 56所示， 在各秤原生脱粒 稻麦收获机的前部都有一个脱粒装置 3， 该脱粒装置 3至少具有 一个其轴横置的滚筒式脱粒器即钩齿滚筒 1或环带式脱粒器 2 As shown in FIGS. 27, 31, 33, and 39 to 56, there is a threshing device 3 at the front of the native threshing rice and wheat harvester of each scale. The threshing device 3 has at least one drum-type thresher whose axis is arranged horizontally. Hook-tooth roller 1 or endless belt thresher 2
(以下简称为脱粒器 1或 2 ) , 和固定或安放在机架上的防溅罩 49 , 防溅罩 49有顶罩板和側档板， 其内表面与脱粒器 1或 2之 间有入秆导粒通道 317， 此通道 317的前端有全幅宽的入秆口 315 , 另一端与存粮装置或谷物榆送装置连通。 防溅罩 49的顶 罩板的内表面最好是能使溅射粮粒向后反射的曲面， 或在其后部 的内表面还附设有緩冲材料， 以防止被围挡的粮粒不再从脱粒器 的上方或下方向前溅射出去。 为使脱粒装置 3的边界作物能够被顺利地分开和防止禾秆夹 入机架与脱粒器 1或 2的端面间隙， 可在脱粒装置 3至少靠未收 作物的一側加设如图 28所示的分禾锥 319， 该分禾锥 319的内 側边 320的空间位置至少能够把边界应收禾秆 20导至脱粒器 1 或 2最側端钩齿 18的齿坡 10。 也可以如图 29所示由脱粒器 1 或 2最側端的钩齿 18取代分禾锥， 而将机架 79的前端伸入最側 端钩齿 18的外側突伸 8的轨迹环内。 (Hereinafter referred to as thresher 1 or 2), and a splash guard 49 fixed or placed on the rack, the splash guard 49 has a top cover plate and a side baffle plate, and the inner surface of the splash cover 49 is between the thresher 1 or 2 The stalk introduction particle channel 317 has a full-width stalk inlet 315 at the front end of the channel 317, and the other end is in communication with the grain storage device or the grain elm feeding device. The inner surface of the top cover plate of the splash guard 49 is preferably a curved surface capable of reflecting the sputtered grains backwards, or a cushioning material is also attached to the inner surface of the rear part to prevent the enclosed grains from being damaged. Sputter forward from above or below the thresher. In order to enable the border crops of the threshing device 3 to be smoothly separated and prevent the straw from being caught in the end gap between the rack and the thresher 1 or 2, at least the side of the threshing device 3 that is not harvested can be added as shown in Figure 28 As shown in the divided cereal cone 319, the spatial position of the inner side 320 of the divided cereal cone 319 can at least guide the boundary receivable straw 20 to the tooth slope 10 of the hook 18 of the threshing end of the thresher 1 or 2. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 29, the furrow cone may be replaced by the hook teeth 18 at the extreme end of the thresher 1 or 2, and the front end of the frame 79 may be extended into the track loop of the outer protrusion 8 of the hook teeth 18 at the outermost end.
为使采用钩齿滚筒 1的脱粒装置 3不加设高度调节机构也能 够对高度差別较大的作物进行作业， 可在防溅罩 49内设置附加 脱粒仵， 该附加脱粒件可使较高禾秆的穗部在受到它的预先脱粒 之后再进入钩齿滚筒 1继续脱粒， 其具体结构可采用如下方式：  In order to make the threshing device 3 using the hook-toothed drum 1 capable of operating crops with large height differences without adding a height adjustment mechanism, an additional threshing pan can be provided in the splash guard 49. After receiving the pre-threshing of the stalk, it enters the hook-tooth drum 1 to continue threshing. The specific structure can be as follows:
1、 如图 27、 30、 39、 48所示， 在钩齿滚筒 1的近后方 设一与其同幅宽的可拦档较长禾秆的橫梁 321， 该横梁可以是平 板（如图 39 )， 也可以在其上面加设许多小牙齿或杆状梳齿 322 1. As shown in Figs. 27, 30, 39, and 48, a cross beam 321 with a width that can block longer straws is provided near the hook drum 1 near the hook cylinder 1. The cross beam may be a flat plate (Fig. 39) You can also add many small teeth or rod-shaped comb teeth 322 on it
(如图 27、 30、 48 ) ; 如果用一个小脱粒滚筒取代所述的橫 梁 321， 附加脱粒的效果将更好。 与上述附加脱粒件相配用的钩 齿滚筒 1最好是斜交式的， 经试验表明， 当钩齿 18的齿钩 11在 钩齿滚筒 1的切向视图中或在如图 27所示的轴向视图中呈现的 钩形不至于使禾秆 20陷钩太深， 同时在如图 30所示的经向视图 中呈现的齿钩迎击棱面 13与钩齿滚筒 1轴线之间的夹角<8大于 制齿材料对禾秆的动摩擦角时， 被附加脱粒件拦档的较长禾秆 的穗部 21便可被排出齿钩 11而留置在附加脱粒件上.由于整机 不断前进，借助原生禾秆的相对退移所产生的牵拉或同时加上附 加小滚筒的打击而使被留置的穗部 21实现预先脱粒并逐步脱离 附加脱粒件随即进入钩齿滚筒 1继续脱粒。 (Figure 27, 30, 48); If the beam 321 is replaced by a small threshing roller, the effect of additional threshing will be better. The hook-toothed drum 1 used with the above-mentioned additional threshing piece is preferably an oblique cross-section. Tests have shown that when the hook 11 of the hook 18 is in the tangential view of the hook-toothed drum 1 or as shown in FIG. 27 The hook shape shown in the axial view does not cause the stalk 20 to sink into the hook too deeply, and at the same time, the angle between the tooth hook striking face 13 and the axis of the hook roller 1 shown in the warp view shown in FIG. 30 When <8 is greater than the dynamic friction angle of the tooth-making material on the straw, the ear 21 of the longer straw blocked by the additional threshing member can be discharged from the hook 11 and left on the additional threshing member. As the whole machine continues to advance, By virtue of the traction caused by the relative retreat of the native straw or the impact of the additional small drum, the retained ear portion 21 can be threshed in advance and gradually detached from the additional threshing piece, and then enter the hook-tooth drum 1 to continue threshing.
2、 如图 31和图 32所示， 在斜交式或非斜交式钩齿滚筒 1 的上方或后上方安装一横梁 323 ,横梁上固定有一橫排或多横排 间隔分布且各自沿其纵垂面前伸的许多长条梳齿 324 ,梳齿的前 尖端 326不前于钩齿滚筒 1的入秆工作面 17上的钩齿 18的外层 突伸 8 , 单排相邻梳齿之间的间隔宜稍小于作物穗部 21的穗径， 多排中的邻排梳齿最好相互错开分布而同排梳齿之间的间隔可 大于作物穗径， 为增强预先脱粒的效果， 在长条梳齿 324的两側 可再附加许多小捋齿 325 , 小捋齿最好向后向下倾斜， 相邻捋齿 的间隙宜小于粮粒的粒径而大于穗枝的枝径， 以利于禾秆顺利地 从梳捋间隙通过和提高梳捋脱粒的效果。此式或附加脱粒件可与 斜交或非斜交或钩齿滚筒 1相配用， 较高原生禾秆在梳齿上梳捋 脱粒所需的移动可借助钩齿滚筒 1的钩引牵拉和 /或整机的前进 所产生的相对退移牵拉而实现。 2. As shown in FIG. 31 and FIG. 32, a cross beam 323 is installed above or behind the diagonal or non-skew hook-tooth drum 1. A horizontal row or multiple horizontal rows are fixed on the cross beam and spaced along each row. Many long comb teeth 324 extending in front of the front, the front of the comb teeth The tip 326 does not protrude from the outer layer 8 of the hook teeth 18 on the stalk-intake working surface 17 of the hook drum 1. The interval between the adjacent comb teeth in a single row should be slightly smaller than the ear diameter of the crop ear 21, and multiple rows The adjacent rows of comb teeth are preferably staggered and the interval between the rows of comb teeth in the same row can be larger than the diameter of the crop ears. To enhance the effect of pre-threshing, a number of small comb teeth 325 can be added to the sides of the long comb teeth 324 The small calyx teeth are best inclined backward and downward. The gap between adjacent calyx teeth should be smaller than the grain size and larger than the branch diameter of the spike branch, so as to facilitate the smooth passage of the straw from the comb space and improve the comb threshing. effect. This or additional threshing piece can be used with oblique or non-diagonal or hooked rollers 1. The movement required for combing and threshing of higher native straws on the comb teeth can be pulled and pulled by the hook of the hooked roller 1. And / or the relative backwardness of the whole machine.
为使收获机在对较矮作物收获作业时也能防止向前溅出粮 粒和使损失率普遍降低到 1 %以下， 可加设如下附加防溅装置：  In order to prevent the harvester from splashing forward grains and reducing the loss rate to less than 1% when harvesting short crops, the following additional splash-proof devices can be added:
1、 防溅帘。 如图 33、 34、 35所示， 该帘具有安装在防溅 罩 49的项罩板前部的横粱 330和其上端固定在横梁 330上的一 横排或多橫排帘条 331 , 各帘条基本平行地向下伸出， 其下端 332悬空并接近脱粒器 1或 2前上部的钩齿 18的齿顶， 帘条 331 之间至少能让原生作物的穗部 21顺利通过。  1. Splash-proof curtain. As shown in FIGS. 33, 34, and 35, the curtain has a beam 330 installed at the front of the hood panel of the splash guard 49 and one or more horizontal rows of curtain bars 331 fixed at the upper end to the beam 330. The strips protrude downward in parallel, its lower end 332 is suspended and close to the crests of the hook teeth 18 in the front upper part of the thresher 1 or 2. The curtain strips 331 can pass at least the ears 21 of the native crops smoothly.
为了既有利于让带穗禾秆通过又有利于阻档向前溅射的粮 粒， 帘条 331最好由不易于向后弯曲变形而易于側向弹性变形的 帘骨 335以及从帘骨向两倒伸出而易于弹性变形的许多帘叶 333 (如图 34 ) 或帘丝 334 (如图 35 ) 构成。 帘条 331的橫断面可 如图 37所示， 其帘骨 335最好为扁形， 帘叶 333最好为顶角朝 前的角形。 帘叶 333和帘丝 334可用弹性有机材料制成， 帘丝也 可以是钢丝，将其夹持、粘接或与套管 336连体套在帘骨 335上。 多排帘条最好采用相邻排的帘条 331错开分布方式（如图 36 ) 。  In order to facilitate the passage of the spiked straw and the resistance to the grains that are sputtered forward, the cord 331 is preferably made of cord 335 which is not easy to bend backwards and deforms laterally and elastically and from Two curtain leaves 333 (see FIG. 34) or filaments 334 (see FIG. 35) which are protruded and easily elastically deformed. The cross section of the curtain strip 331 can be as shown in FIG. 37. The curtain ribs 335 are preferably flat, and the curtain blades 333 are preferably angled with the apex angle facing forward. The curtain leaf 333 and the curtain wire 334 may be made of an elastic organic material. The curtain wire may also be a steel wire, which is clamped, bonded or sleeved on the curtain bone 335 with a sleeve 336. The multi-row curtain strips are preferably staggered in the adjacent rows (see Figure 36).
2、 防溅轮。 如图 43所示， 在脱粒器 1或 2的上前方设置一 个靠近防溅罩 49顶罩板前缘的全幅宽的防溅轮 337 ,其轮轴 338 上设有多片周向间隔均布并向外伸出一定长度的轮叶 339。该防 溅轮 337的安装高度使其轮叶 339接近或可***脱粒器近前方的 原生作物， 作业时， 防溅轮以其下部由前向后的旋向旋转， 向前 上方溅射的粮粒被轮叶 339阻桎并甩入防溅罩 49内的入秆导粒 通道 317。 2. Splash-proof wheel. As shown in FIG. 43, a full-width splash-proof wheel 337 near the front edge of the top cover of the splash-proof cover 49 is provided on the upper and front of the thresher 1 or 2. A plurality of circumferentially spaced and uniformly spaced pieces are arranged on the wheel shaft 338. A blade 339 of a certain length is extended outside. The defense The installation height of the splash wheel 337 is such that the blade 339 is close to or can be inserted into the native crop near the thresher. During operation, the splash wheel is rotated in the lower direction from front to back, and the grains sputtered forward and upward are covered by The blade 339 blocks and throws into the stalk-introducing particle guide channel 317 in the splash guard 49.
3、 前置风机。 在脱粒器 1或 2的前上方设置一个或多个同 轴的离心风机， 该风机的轴水平横置， 叶轮的旋向最好其下部向 后旋转， 出风口的位置可调节到稍高于作物穗头， 以使风流向后 斜下把穗秆提前吹至脱粒器的上方； 多个同轴风机的出风口可横 向渐扩前伸和 /或在出风口内设置导风叶片， 以使全幅宽内的穗 秆受到的风力均匀。该风机既能防止谷粒向前溅射又能提前喂入 秆穗增加其被脱粒的时间。  3. Front fan. One or more coaxial centrifugal fans are arranged on the front and top of the thresher 1 or 2. The shaft of the fan is horizontally horizontal, the rotation direction of the impeller is preferably rotated downward, and the position of the air outlet can be adjusted slightly higher than The head of the crops, so that the wind flows backward and obliquely down, and the ears are blown ahead of the thresher; the air outlets of multiple coaxial fans can be gradually expanded forward and / or wind guide blades can be set in the air outlets to make the full width The spikes within the wide range receive uniform wind. This fan can not only prevent the grains from sputtering forward, but also feed the stalk ears in advance to increase the time of threshing.
局部结构剖视图 38示出了一种可设置在钩齿滚筒齿区的三 角皮带轮。该轮在两側轮缘上具有离滚筒外周面 4有一定距离的 周向间隔分布的突伸 8， 突伸 8与双面三角皮带 347相配合构成 可***原生作物丛隙的齿坡 10和可钩取禾秆的齿钩 11 。  Partial structure cross-sectional view 38 shows a triangular belt pulley which can be arranged in the tooth zone of a hook tooth cylinder. The wheel on both sides of the rim has protrusions 8 distributed at a distance from the outer peripheral surface 4 of the drum in a circumferential direction. The protrusions 8 cooperate with the double-sided triangle belt 347 to form a tooth slope 10 and The hooks 11 for the straw can be hooked.
(二） 低位箱装式收获机  (Two) low box harvester
图 39至图 41各示出了一种低位箱装式收获机， 该式收获机 的脱粒装置 3所脱下的粮粒直接归入固定或可抽出地安放在脱 粒装置 3后下方的存粒箱 51， 箱内的粮粒可揭开溅罩 49的后部 48取出 （如图 39、 图 41 ) 或随箱抽出卸下 （如图 40 ) , 也可 以从存粮箱 51后部延长而常敞开的取粮口取出。 为避免被脱下 的粮粒从脱粒器 1或 2的下方溅出和在收获机转向时损坏边界未 收作物，存粮箱 51的前边 52应尽量靠近脱粒器 1或 2的下部或 后下部， 箱体的两側或至少面临未收作物一側的下部最好尽量横 向收幅。  39 to 41 each show a low-position box-type harvester, and the grains removed by the threshing device 3 of the harvester are directly classified into the fixed or withdrawable storage granules placed under the threshing device 3. Box 51, the grains in the box can be removed by removing the rear part 48 of the splash cover 49 (as shown in Fig. 39, Fig. 41) or withdrawn from the box (as shown in Fig. 40). Take out the open food intake. In order to prevent the removed grains from splattering from under the thresher 1 or 2 and damaging the unharvested crops when the harvester turns, the front edge 52 of the grain storage box 51 should be as close as possible to the lower or rear part of the thresher 1 or 2. The sides of the box, or at least the lower part facing the side of the unharvested crops, should preferably be widened as much as possible.
该低位箱装式收获机的驱控部分可借用其他农用行走机 械， 也可采用如下专用方式来实现。  The driving control part of the low-level box-type harvester can be borrowed from other agricultural walking machines, or it can be realized by the following special methods.
1、 人力轮驱式 （ 1 ) 。 如图 39所示， 该轮驱方式的行走装 置包括： 设置在存粮箱 51下方的或由存粮箱底面兼用的滑行板1. Human wheel drive (1). As shown in FIG. 39, the wheel drive type traveling equipment The installation includes: a sliding board arranged below the grain storage box 51 or used by the bottom surface of the grain storage box
53和设置在存粮箱 51后方的一个驱动轮 61， 驱动地轮 61的轮 轴设置在轮叉 62的下端， 轮叉 62经轮叉轴 63设置在固定的轮 叉轴轴套 64上， 驱动地轮 61的两側各有一支踏杆 65 , 此踏杆 65的一端与驱动轮 61的轮轴 66同轴或同轴线铰接在地轮叉 62 上， 其杆上有直接作用在驱动轮 61的轮叶 67上的棘爪 68 (也 可以作用在与地轮固定一体的棘轮上） ， 踏杆另一端设有踏板 69。 在驱动轮 61上方的轮叉轴 63上端设有坐垫 54。 脱粒器 1 或 2的传动机构由一对并联同步设置在机身两側的手动曲柄搖 杆机构 56和升速齿轮副 57组成， 其手动件是一根与两側的摇杆 58连体的横置推拉杆 59。 作业时， 操作者乘坐在坐垫 54上， 双手对推拉杆 59做劝带动脱粒器 1或 2运转， 同时双脚交替对 踏板 69做功驱动整机前进。 由于驱动轮 61、 踏板 69和坐垫 54 都处在以轮叉轴 63为回转中心的同一***中， 操作者在做劝运 而带动驱动轮 61转向。 53 and a driving wheel 61 provided behind the grain storage box 51. A wheel shaft for driving the ground wheel 61 is provided at the lower end of the wheel fork 62. The wheel fork 62 is provided on the fixed wheel fork shaft sleeve 64 via the wheel fork shaft 63 to drive the ground. Each side of the wheel 61 is provided with a pedal rod 65, and one end of the pedal rod 65 is coaxially or coaxially connected with the wheel shaft 66 of the driving wheel 61 on the ground wheel fork 62. A pawl 68 on the blade 67 (can also act on a ratchet wheel fixed to the ground wheel), and a pedal 69 is provided at the other end of the pedal. A seat cushion 54 is provided on the upper end of the wheel fork shaft 63 above the driving wheel 61. The drive mechanism of the thresher 1 or 2 is composed of a pair of manual crank and rocker mechanism 56 and a speed-increasing gear pair 57 which are arranged in parallel on both sides of the fuselage, and the manual part is a piece connected with the rocker 58 on both sides.横 位 推 拉杆 59。 Horizontal push rod 59. During operation, the operator rides on the seat cushion 54 and pushes the push rod 59 with both hands to drive the thresher 1 or 2 to run, and at the same time, his feet alternately perform work on the pedal 69 to drive the whole machine forward. Since the driving wheel 61, the pedal 69, and the seat cushion 54 are all in the same system with the wheel fork shaft 63 as the rotation center, the operator is driving the driving wheel 61 to turn.
2、 人力轮驱式 （ 2 ) 。 如图 40所示， 该驱控方式与图 39 所示的轮驱式相比， 其不同之处在于： （ 1 ) 、 脱粒器 1或 2的 传动机构由一对三角皮带轮 70或一对链轮和一组并联同步的曲 柄连杆机构组成， 其中一側曲柄 71固定在主动轮上， 另一側曲 柄 71固定在与主动轮刚性连接的轮轴 72上， 两側连杆 73的一 端分別与横置的手动推拉杆 59两端连接， 另一端经曲柄销与曲 柄 71连接； （ 2 ) 、 驱动轮 61采用了链传动， 其主动链轮 74 与左右两个各具有三个踏板 69的脚踏轮共轴刚性连接设置在与 轮叉 62连体的支架 75上； （ 3 ) 、 采用了行星轮转向机构， 该 机构有一个以轮叉轴 63为回转中心与机架刚性连体的扇形齿轮 76 , 其外周上有一个设置在与轮叉 62连体的轮架 87上的小齿 轮 77与其啮合， 转向盘 78经转向轴驱动小齿轮 77旋转并绕着 扇形齿轮 76作行星运动而使驱动轮 61偏转而转向。 2. Human wheel drive (2). As shown in FIG. 40, compared with the wheel drive type shown in FIG. 39, the driving control method is different in that: (1) The transmission mechanism of the thresher 1 or 2 is composed of a pair of triangular belt pulleys 70 or a pair of chains The wheel is composed of a set of parallel and synchronized crank and link mechanisms. One side of the crank 71 is fixed on the driving wheel, and the other side of the crank 71 is fixed on the axle 72 which is rigidly connected to the driving wheel. The horizontal manual push-pull lever 59 is connected at both ends, and the other end is connected to the crank 71 via a crank pin; (2) The drive wheel 61 adopts a chain drive, and the active sprocket 74 and the left and right legs each have three pedals 69. The coaxially rigid connection of the tread wheel is provided on the bracket 75 connected to the wheel fork 62; (3) The planetary wheel steering mechanism is adopted. The mechanism has a sector shape with the wheel fork shaft 63 as the rotation center and the rigid connection of the frame. The gear 76 has a small gear 77 disposed on a wheel frame 87 connected to the wheel fork 62 on the outer periphery thereof, and the steering wheel 78 drives the small gear 77 to rotate around the steering shaft The sector gear 76 makes planetary movements to deflect and steer the drive wheels 61.
3、 自走式。 如图 41所示， 该驱控方式其整机 ¾发动机 80 提供动力， 其行走装置包括设置在存粮箱 51下方的或由存粮箱 底面兼用的滑行板 53， 和经轮架或传动箱 （减速箱或变速箱） 设置在存粮箱 51后方的至少一个驱动轮 61。 发动机 80设置在 驱动轮 61上方机架的中部或一側有利于整机平衡及保证驱动轮 产生足够附着力的位置上， 其动力可单一或組合采用皮带传动、 链传动、 开式或箱式齿轮传动、 蜗轮蜗杆传动等传动方式分别传 给驱动轮 61和脱粒器 1或 2。 该式收获机可以手扶步跟操作， 其扶手把 85与机架固定连接设置在驱动轮 61的上后方， 整机由 转向机构或由操作者直接对扶手把 85施加側向推力实现转向。 如果在扶把 85的后上方增设一个与机架活性连接的拖板或尾轮 并在其上设置坐垫， 该机便可步跟和乘坐两用 （参见图 44 、 45 ) 。  3. Self-propelled. As shown in FIG. 41, this driving control method is powered by the entire machine ¾ engine 80, and its running device includes a sliding plate 53 provided below the grain storage box 51 or used by the bottom surface of the grain storage box, and a wheel carrier or a transmission box (deceleration) Box or gearbox) at least one driving wheel 61 provided behind the grain storage box 51. The engine 80 is arranged at the middle or one side of the frame above the driving wheel 61, which is beneficial to the balance of the whole machine and ensuring sufficient adhesion of the driving wheel. Its power can be used alone or in combination with belt drive, chain drive, open type or box type. Gears, worms and worms are transmitted to the drive wheel 61 and the thresher 1 or 2 respectively. This type of harvester can be operated by walking and walking. The armrest 85 and the rack are fixedly connected to the upper and rear sides of the driving wheels 61. The whole machine is steered by the steering mechanism or by the operator directly applying lateral thrust to the armrest 85. If a trailer or tail wheel connected to the frame is added to the rear and upper part of the handlebar 85 and a seat cushion is provided on it, the machine can be used for both walking and riding (see Figures 44 and 45).
为使脱粒器 1或 2的脱粒高度方便可调， 各式箱装式机还可 设置如下高度调节机构：  In order to make the threshing height of thresher 1 or 2 convenient and adjustable, various boxed machines can also be provided with the following height adjustment mechanism:
( 1 ) 、 如图 41所示， 将钩齿滚筒 1或环带式脱粒器 2前 辊的轴经轴承座 181设置在具有不同高度的安装孔的机架上，根 据作物的不同高度选择不同的安装孔便可获得适合的脱粒高 度。  (1) As shown in FIG. 41, the shaft of the front roller of the hook roller 1 or the endless belt thresher 2 is set on a frame with mounting holes of different heights via a bearing seat 181, and different selections are made according to different heights of the crops. Mounting hole can get the right threshing height.
( 2 ) 、 如图 40所示， 将滑行板 53的后端经左右铰销 182 与机架铰接， 在滑行板 53前部与脱粒装置 3之间左右各设一可 改变与支撑套 83的连接位置而改变长度的支撑杆 84 , 调节支撑 杆 84与支撑套 83的连接长度， 滑行板 53绕铰销 182回转， 脱 粒装置 3整体升高而获得需要的脱粒高度。 为使滑行板 53不至 在调节高度较大时过于前倾而影响滑行， 机架上可备有多个不同 高度的铰接孔 183。  (2) As shown in FIG. 40, the rear end of the sliding plate 53 is hinged to the frame via the left and right hinge pins 182, and a left and right side of the sliding plate 53 can be changed to a support sleeve 83 between the front of the sliding plate 53 and the threshing device 3. The connecting rod 84 is connected to change the length of the supporting rod 84, the connecting length of the supporting rod 84 and the supporting sleeve 83 is adjusted, the sliding plate 53 rotates around the hinge pin 182, and the threshing device 3 as a whole is raised to obtain the required threshing height. In order to prevent the sliding plate 53 from tilting too far when the height of the adjustment is large, which affects the sliding, the frame may be provided with a plurality of hinge holes 183 of different heights.
( 3 ) 、 如图 39所示， 在滑行板 53的前方或下方经高度可 调的支撑杆 84设置左右各一个从动轮 86 , 调节支撑杆 84的长 度使脱粒器 1或 2获得适当的脱粒高度。. 当用于水湿地作业时， 可卸下从动轮 86 , 使滑行板 53在泥水上滑行有利于减小行进阻 力； 当用于干硬地作业时， 装上从动轮 86便可利用阻力较小的 滚动行进。 (3) As shown in FIG. 39, the height of The adjusted support rod 84 is provided with one driven wheel 86 on the left and right, and the length of the support rod 84 is adjusted so that the thresher 1 or 2 obtains an appropriate threshing height. When used in water and wet land operation, the driven wheel 86 can be removed to make the sliding plate 53 slide on muddy water, which is helpful to reduce the running resistance. When used in dry and hard work, the driven wheel 86 can be used to compare the resistance. Small scroll marches.
以上各式脱粒高度调节机构如杲与前述的横档排秆方式并 用， 对作物高度的适应范围则更宽。  The above-mentioned threshing height adjustment mechanisms, such as 杲 and the above-mentioned row-row stalk rowing method, are used to adapt the crop height to a wider range.
为解决极少量的田头地角不便原生收获而剖下脱粒的问 题， 上述采用曲柄摇杆机构 56和齿轮副 57驱动脱粒器运转的人 力机还可以将其曲柄摇杆机构换位安装于脱粒器的前方兼作可 由一个人操作的扶把式人力打稻机使用， 为便于操作， 采用该兼 用方式时， 防溅罩 49的上罩板前部最好是可收缩或可卸下的。 也可以不作上述换位安装， 而由一个驱动脱粒器， 另一个扶把脱 粒。 对于各式机动收获机要实现这一兼用劝能就更为便利了。  In order to solve the problem of a small number of field heads that are inconvenient for native harvesting and threshing, the manpower machine that uses the crank rocker mechanism 56 and the gear pair 57 to drive the thresher can also place its crank rocker mechanism in place for threshing. The front of the device doubles as a human-powered rice paddy machine that can be operated by one person. In order to facilitate operation, the front part of the upper cover plate of the splash guard 49 is preferably retractable or removable. Instead of the above-mentioned transposition installation, one thresher is driven by one, and the other thresher is threw. For all kinds of mobile harvesters, it is more convenient to achieve this dual purpose.
(三） 袋装 （或筐装） 式收获机  (3) Bag-type (or basket-type) harvesters
图 42至 48各示出了一种袋装式收获机， 该式收获机的脱粒装置 3 所脱下的粮粒由前低后高的环带式脱粒器直接扬升归入袋管 50 (如图 42 ) ， 或由谷物输送装置输送至入袋管 50 (如图 43 至图 48所示） 。 入袋管 50设置在操作者伸手可及的位置上， 其 下方有供以放置粮袋 88的托袋板 89，托袋板 89可以是专设的， 也可以由行走装置中的滑行板 53兼用。  Figures 42 to 48 each show a bag-type harvester. The grain removed by the threshing device 3 of the harvester is directly lifted into the bag tube 50 by an endless threshing belt thresher. As shown in Figure 42), or by the grain conveying device to the bag-in tube 50 (as shown in Figures 43 to 48). The bag loading tube 50 is provided at an operator's reach, and a bag support plate 89 for holding a grain bag 88 is arranged below the bag support tube 89. The bag support plate 89 may be specially designed or may be provided by a sliding plate 53 in a walking device. Dual use.
为方便装袋卸粮， 可采用如下简便措施： （ 1 ) 、 将入袋管 50分为两个支管， 在两个支管的汇合处设置一个可以转换的截 粮阀， 或各支管分别设置一个截粮阀， 也可如图 45所示在具有 一定存粮管段的单个入袋管 50上设置一个截粮阀 91； ( 2 ) 、 如图 45所示， 在入袋管 50的外面设置两个袋钩 92， 粮袋 88的 袋口或经袋耳挂在袋钩 92上； （ 3 ) 、 如图 44所示， 两袋钩 92 至少一个系在一端固定于入袋管 50上部的具有一定长度的绳索 或可伸缩的弹性带上， 作业中可将多个备用粮袋 88的一側袋耳 预先穿入绳索或胶带， 换带时逐个取用， 拉伸胶带 其伸长可轻 松地把袋钩 92从将要换下的装载粮袋 88中退出； （ 4 ) 、 如图 47所示， 将托袋板 89铰接在固定架上， 托袋接粮时将其平置镝 定， 卸袋时将其偏转倾斜使粮袋向收获机的一側滑至地面。 In order to facilitate bagging and unloading of grain, the following simple measures can be adopted: (1) Divide the bag-entering pipe 50 into two branch pipes, and set a switchable grain-cutting valve at the confluence of the two branch pipes, or set each branch pipe separately. The grain interception valve may also be provided with a grain interception valve 91 on a single bagging tube 50 having a certain grain storage pipe section as shown in FIG. 45; (2) As shown in FIG. 45, two outside the bagging tube 50 are provided The bag hook 92 and the bag mouth of the grain bag 88 or the bag ears are hung on the bag hook 92; (3) As shown in FIG. 44, at least one of the two bag hooks 92 is fixed at one end to the upper part of the bag tube 50 and has a certain size. Length of rope Or the elastic band can be stretched. During operation, one side of the ears of multiple spare grain bags 88 can be pre-threaded into a rope or tape. Take one by one when changing the belt. Stretch the tape to easily stretch the bag hook 92. Exit from the loaded grain bag 88 to be replaced; (4) As shown in FIG. 47, the bag support plate 89 is hinged on the fixed frame, and the bag is placed flat when receiving the food, and it is fixed when the bag is unloaded The deflection tilts the bag to the side of the harvester to the ground.
该袋装式收获机的驱控部分可借且其他农用行走机械， 也可 采用如下专用方式来实现：  The driving control part of the bagged harvester can be borrowed from other agricultural walking machines, or it can be implemented by the following special methods:
1、 人力轮驱式。 如图 42所示， 该驱控方式的行走装置和传 动装置可采用上述低位箱装式人力机的基本结构， 其区别在于： ( 1 )、脱粒装置 3后下方的滑行板 53可兼作托袋板 89 ; ( 2 ) 手动推拉杆 59经传动机构带动脱粒装置 3中前低后高的环带式 脱粒器 2 (如图 42 ) 或同时带动钩齿滚筒 1和输送装置 （人力 袋装机也可采用如横置搅龙加刮板式升运器或加升运搅龙等耗 功较小的谷物输送装置， 其具体结构可参照下述机动袋装机） 。  1. Manpower wheel drive. As shown in FIG. 42, the driving device and the transmission device of the driving control method can adopt the basic structure of the above-mentioned low-position box-type manpower machine, and the differences are as follows: (1), the sliding plate 53 below the threshing device 3 can also serve as a carrier bag Plate 89; (2) Manual push-pull rod 59 drives threshing device 3 through the transmission mechanism. The belt-type thresher 2 (lower and higher back) (as shown in Figure 42) or both hook roller 1 and conveying device (human bagging machine also Grain conveying devices with relatively low power consumption, such as horizontal stirrer and scraper elevators or elevators, can be used. For the specific structure, please refer to the following mobile bagging machine).
为使结构简单， 驱动轮 61的转向节 93可设置在滑行板 53 的后中部， 乘坐在坐垫 54上的操作者在做劝运动中同时对手动 推拉杆 59兼施側向力， 整机便可如同手扶拖拉机那样实现转 向。  In order to make the structure simple, the knuckle 93 of the driving wheel 61 may be provided at the rear middle portion of the sliding plate 53. The operator riding on the seat cushion 54 simultaneously exerts a lateral force on the manual push-pull rod 59 during the persuasion exercise. Steering can be achieved just like a walk-behind tractor.
2、 手扶自走式。 如图 43至图 45所示， 该驱控方式在脱粒 装置 3的后下方设有具有一定橫向宽度的滑行板 53， 在滑行板 53的后方有经轮轴设置在传动箱上的一个或两个驱动轮 61， 发 动机 80设置在驱动轮 61上方的机架上， 托袋板 89设置在驱动 轮 61的后方，托袋板 89的后上方有从机架伸出的左右两个扶手 把 85 , 操作者扶把步跟作业， 整机由操作者对扶把 85施加側向 力或由转向机构实现转向。  2. Self-propelled. As shown in FIG. 43 to FIG. 45, in the driving control method, a sliding plate 53 having a certain lateral width is provided at the lower rear of the threshing device 3, and one or two of the sliding plates 53 are arranged on the transmission box via the axles behind the sliding plate 53. The driving wheel 61, the engine 80 is provided on the frame above the driving wheel 61, the bag holder 89 is provided behind the driving wheel 61, and there are two left and right armrest handles 85 protruding from the rack at the upper rear of the bag holder 89, The operator assists in the step-and-follow operation. The whole machine applies a lateral force to the handle 85 or the steering mechanism realizes the steering.
为较为简便地切断与接合发动机的动力传递， 对于首级采用 三角带传动的传动装置， 可采用移动发动机的方法来张紧三角 带。 该张紧机构有一偏心杆 101和连接偏心杆 101与发动机 80 的连杆 102， 推拉僞心杆 101， 使其偏转并限位， 发动机在机座 上滑移而使三角带张紧或放松。 In order to more easily cut off and engage the power transmission of the engine, for the first stage transmission using the V-belt transmission, the method of moving the engine can be used to tension the V-belt. The tensioning mechanism has an eccentric rod 101 and connects the eccentric rod 101 and the engine 80 The connecting rod 102 pushes and pulls the pseudo-mandrel 101 to deflect and limit the position, and the engine slides on the base to tighten or relax the V-belt.
为使手扶式收获机在作业中既可步跟又可乘坐，可在扶把 85 的后下方设置有置于拖板 103 (如图 44 )或尾轮 104 (如图 45 ) 和置于其上的坐垫 54，该坐垫 54连同拖板 103或尾轮 104经牵 引销 184与机架或托袋板 89连接， 需要时装上或卸下。  In order to make the walk-behind harvester both walkable and rideable in operation, a drop tray 103 (see FIG. 44) or a tail wheel 104 (see FIG. 45) and The seat cushion 54 thereon, which is connected to the frame or the bag holder 89 via the traction pin 184 together with the carriage 103 or the tail wheel 104, needs to be mounted on or removed from the clothes.
3、 前滑行板后驱动轮自走式 （ 1 ) 。 如图 46所示， 该驱控 方式在整机的后中部有一个驱动轮 61 , 至少在驱动轮 61的前方 有宽幅的滑行板 53， 驱动轮 61上方有坐垫 54， 坐垫 54的前上 方是入袋管 50， 前下方是托袋板 89。 整机的转向机构可单独或 同时采用以下方式：  3. The self-propelled rear drive wheels of the front sliding board (1). As shown in FIG. 46, this driving control method has a driving wheel 61 in the middle of the rear of the whole machine, at least in front of the driving wheel 61 has a wide sliding plate 53, a driving cushion 61 has a cushion 54 above the front of the cushion 54 It is the bag loading tube 50, and the front and bottom is a bag holding plate 89. The steering mechanism of the whole machine can adopt the following methods individually or simultaneously:
( 1 )坐垫 54和滑行板 53可分别延伸至驱动轮 61的两側， 操作者左右移动人体使整机的行驶阻力左右不对称而转向。  (1) The seat cushion 54 and the sliding board 53 can extend to both sides of the driving wheel 61 respectively, and the operator moves the human body left and right to make the driving resistance of the whole machine asymmetrical and turn.
( 2 ) 在滑行板 53后方的左右两側各设一个脚踏式入泥增 阻器 111 , 其摆杆 112的前端 113铰接在机架上， 后端固定有易 于入泥的耙齿， 耙齿最好横排多个间隔， 杆的中部有踏板 69和 使其上摆的回位架上， 后端固定有易于入泥的耙齿， 耙齿最好橫 排多个间隔， 杆的中部有踏板 69和使其上摆的回位架上， 后端 固定有易于入泥的耙齿， 耙齿最好横排多个间隔， 杆的中部有踏 板 69和使其上摆的回位泥深浅程度控制。 因收获机的前进速度 较慢， 增阻器耗劝不多。  (2) Each of the left and right sides behind the sliding plate 53 is provided with a foot-type mud-increasing resistor 111. The front end 113 of the swing lever 112 is hinged on the frame, and the rear end is fixed with rake teeth that are easy to enter the mud. The teeth are preferably arranged horizontally in multiple intervals. The middle part of the rod is provided with a pedal 69 and a return frame for the upper hem. The rear end is fixed with rake teeth that are easy to enter the mud. The rake teeth are preferably arranged in multiple intervals horizontally. There is a pedal 69 and a return frame on the upper side, and the rear end is fixed with rake teeth that are easy to enter the mud. The rake teeth are preferably arranged in a plurality of horizontal rows. The middle part of the rod has a pedal 69 and a return mud on the upper side. Depth control. Because the forward speed of the harvester is slow, the increase of the resistance increaser is not much.
4、 前滑行板后驱动轮自走式 （ 2 ) 。 如图 47所示， 该驱控 方式在脱粒装置 3的后下方有一滑行板 53， 在滑行板 53的后方 有左右两个驱动轮 61 , 两驱动轮 61的上方有坐垫 54， 发动机 80设置在滑行板 53上， 托袋板 89设置在坐垫 54前下方的支架 上或也设置在滑行板 53上。所述左右两个驱动轮 61可同步驱动 使整机直线行驶， 也可单动而使整机转向， 其同步驱动和单动的 实现方式可以是： ( 1 ) 两驱动轮 61分别设置在传动箱的左右两根半轴伸端， 传动箱内设有左右两个转向离合器， 两转向离合器同时接合或某 一个分离而使整个直线行驶或转向 （图中未示） ； 4. Self-propelled rear drive wheels of the front sliding board (2). As shown in FIG. 47, in the driving control method, there is a sliding plate 53 at the lower rear of the threshing device 3. There are two left and right driving wheels 61 behind the sliding plate 53. There are cushions 54 above the two driving wheels 61. The engine 80 is provided at On the sliding board 53, a bag-receiving board 89 is provided on a bracket in front of and below the seat cushion 54 or also on the sliding board 53. The two left and right drive wheels 61 can be driven synchronously to make the whole machine travel straight, or they can be single-acted to turn the whole machine. The synchronous drive and single-action can be implemented by: (1) Two driving wheels 61 are respectively arranged on the left and right half shaft extensions of the transmission box. There are two left and right steering clutches in the transmission box. The two steering clutches are engaged or separated at the same time to make the entire straight drive or turn (Figure Not shown);
( 2 ) 两驱动轮 61分别经链传动机构由具有转向离合器的 传动箱 113的输出轴带动 （如图 47 ) 。  (2) The two driving wheels 61 are respectively driven by the output shaft of the transmission box 113 with a steering clutch via a chain transmission mechanism (see FIG. 47).
( 3 ) 如图 47所示， 滑行板 53延至两驱动轮 61的近前方， 或在两驱动轮的前方或其之间另外设有滑行板， 两驱动轮 61经 轮轴分別设置在左右对称的两个轮叉 114的后端， 两轮叉 114的 前端分別铰接在传动箱 113的左右输出轴 115上， 或铰接在机架 上而铰接中心与输出轴 115的轴线重合，输出轴 115分別经链传 动机构把动力传给左右驱动轮 61。 两驱动轮 61低于地板 53的 制， 适当调节弹簧 116的弹力或连接位置， 可使两驱动轮 61获 得适合的入泥深度而减少不必要陷深阻力； 克服某一側弹簧 116 的弹力使相应一側的轮叉 114带动驱动轮 61向上提升一定高 度， 可使相应一側驱动轮 61的附着力减小以至离开地面， 收获 机则由单側驱动轮 61驱动而转向。 克服弹簧 116的弹力使驱动 轮 61提升的提升机构可由简单省力的木工杆机构来实现， 该机 构的杠杆 117的支点铰接在机架上，其上的一端经拉杆 118与轮 叉 114的中部或后部铰接， 另一端设有供操作的踏板 69 。  (3) As shown in FIG. 47, the sliding plate 53 is extended to the front of the two driving wheels 61, or another sliding plate is provided in front of or between the two driving wheels, and the two driving wheels 61 are respectively arranged on the left and right symmetrically via the axles. The rear ends of the two wheel forks 114 and the front ends of the two wheel forks 114 are respectively hinged on the left and right output shafts 115 of the transmission box 113 or on the frame and the hinge center coincides with the axis of the output shaft 115. The chain transmission mechanism transmits power to the left and right drive wheels 61. The two driving wheels 61 are lower than the floor 53. Proper adjustment of the spring force or connection position of the spring 116 can enable the two driving wheels 61 to obtain a suitable depth of penetration into the mud and reduce unnecessary subsidence resistance. Overcoming the elastic force of the spring 116 on one side makes The fork 114 on the corresponding side drives the driving wheel 61 to rise upward by a certain height, which can reduce the adhesion of the driving wheel 61 on the corresponding side to leave the ground, and the harvester is driven by the single-sided driving wheel 61 and turned. The lifting mechanism that lifts the driving wheel 61 against the elastic force of the spring 116 can be realized by a simple and labor-saving woodworking lever mechanism. The fulcrum of the lever 117 of the mechanism is hinged on the frame, and one end of the lever 117 passes through the rod 118 and the middle of the wheel fork 114 or The rear part is hinged, and the other end is provided with a pedal 69 for operation.
上述采用轮叉 114的铰接中心与输出轴 115的轴线重合的驱 控方式， 如果拆离弹簧 116和杠杆机构中的拉杆 118， 将轮叉 114连同驱动轮 61回转至整机的前下方并限位 （图 47双点划线 所示） ， 还可利用设置在机架或坐垫上的扶手把 85手扶步跟用 于道路行驶。  The driving method in which the hinge center of the wheel fork 114 coincides with the axis of the output shaft 115 is described above. If the spring 116 and the tie rod 118 in the lever mechanism are detached, the wheel fork 114 and the driving wheel 61 are rotated to the front and bottom of the whole machine and limited. Position (shown by the two-dot chain line in Figure 47), you can also use the handrail provided on the frame or cushion to walk on the road.
5、 全轮自走式。 如图 48所示， 该驱控方式在脱粒装置 3 或谷物输送装置的后下方有两个驱动轮 61， 在两驱动轮 61的后 方有一个或两个转向轮 119， 转向轮 119的上方有坐垫 54 , 托 袋板 89设置在驱动轮 61与转向轮 119之间的机架上，发动机 80 设置在托袋板 89的側旁或前方， 整机的转向可由^下方式来实 现： 5. All-round self-propelled. As shown in FIG. 48, in the driving control method, there are two driving wheels 61 at the lower rear of the threshing device 3 or the grain conveying device, one or two steering wheels 119 behind the two driving wheels 61, and the steering wheels 119 above Seat cushion 54 The bag board 89 is arranged on the frame between the driving wheel 61 and the steering wheel 119, and the engine 80 is arranged beside or in front of the bag board 89. The steering of the whole machine can be realized by the following methods:
( 1 ) 如图 48所示， 将一个转向轮 119经轮轴设置在向后 下方斜伸的轮叉 62下端， 轮叉 62其上部的轮叉轴 63设置在与 机架固定连接的轮叉轴套 64上，操纵设置在轮叉 62上向两側伸 出的踏板 69 , 转向轮 119随轮叉 62偏转而使整机转向； 如果在 两驱动轮 61之间设有差速传动装置， 将会使转向更为灵活； (1) As shown in FIG. 48, a steering wheel 119 is disposed at the lower end of a wheel fork 62 that extends obliquely rearward and downward through a wheel shaft, and a wheel fork shaft 63 at an upper portion of the wheel fork 62 is provided at a wheel fork shaft fixedly connected to the frame. On the sleeve 64, the pedals 69 provided on the wheel fork 62 and protruding to both sides are operated, and the steering wheel 119 deflects with the wheel fork 62 to steer the whole machine; if a differential transmission device is provided between the two driving wheels 61, Makes steering more flexible;
( 2 )在传动装置中设有可使驱动轮 61单动的转向离合器， 这样， 上述转向轮 119便可自动适应转向， 当然同样还可以操纵 踏板 69使其配合转向； (2) The transmission device is provided with a steering clutch capable of single-acting the driving wheel 61, so that the steering wheel 119 can automatically adapt to the steering, and of course, the pedal 69 can also be operated to cooperate with the steering;
( 3 ) 、 如果采用两个转向轮 119， 可适用通常的方向盘式 转向机构。  (3) If two steering wheels 119 are used, a normal steering wheel steering mechanism can be applied.
上述各袋装式收获机其脱粒器 1或 2的脱粒高度可采用如下 调节方式： （ 1 ) 、 如图 43、 44、 45所示， 在脱粒器 1或 2 或脱粒装置 3与滑行板 53之间左右对称各设一支撑杆 84和可与 其活动并定位连接的支撑套 83， 调节支撑杆 84与支撑套 83的 连接长度使脱粒器 1或 2或脱粒装置 3升高或降低； （ 2 ) 、 如 图 42和图 47所示， 所述支撑杆 84长度一定， 而在滑行板 53上 设有多个可供选用的铰接孔， 支撑杆 84与不同的铰接孔相连 接， 使脱粒器 1或 2或脱粒装置 3升高或降低； （ 3 ) 、 也可采 用如前所述低位箱装式收获机的各种调节方式或液压、螺旋机构 等其他方式；  The threshing height of the threshing machine 1 or 2 of each of the above-mentioned bagged harvesters can be adjusted as follows: (1) As shown in FIGS. 43, 44, 45, the threshing machine 1 or 2 or the threshing device 3 and the sliding plate 53 A support rod 84 and a support sleeve 83 which can be movably and positionally connected with each other are arranged symmetrically between the left and right, and the connection length of the support rod 84 and the support sleeve 83 is adjusted to raise or lower the thresher 1 or 2 or the threshing device 3; (2 ) As shown in FIG. 42 and FIG. 47, the support rod 84 has a fixed length, and a plurality of optional hinge holes are provided on the sliding plate 53. The support rod 84 is connected to different hinge holes to enable the thresher. 1 or 2 or threshing device 3 is raised or lowered; (3), various adjustment methods of the low-level box-type harvester as described above, or other methods such as hydraulic pressure, screw mechanism, etc. may also be adopted;
为使脱粒器 1或 2或脱粒装置 3的传动中心距不受其高度调 节的影响， 可将其经回转架与机架连接而将过渡传动轮设置在其 轴线与回转中心线重合的位置上 （如图 42、 43 、 44、 45所 示） ， 所述回转架可以是专设的， 也可以由输送装置的壳体兼用 (如图 47 ) 。 (四） 仓装式收获机 In order to prevent the transmission center distance of the thresher 1 or 2 or the threshing device 3 from being affected by the height adjustment, it can be connected to the frame via the revolving frame and the transition driving wheel can be set at a position where the axis coincides with the revolving center line. (As shown in Figs. 42, 43, 44 and 45), the slewing rack may be dedicated or used by the housing of the conveying device (see Fig. 47). (4) Silo harvester
该机横置于其前部的脫粒装置所脱下的粮粒经谷物输送装 置直接或再经复脱清选装置输送至粮仓， 粮仓或连同复脱清选 装置设置在行走装置的前上方， 后上方或側上方， 所述行走装 置可以是专设的， 也可以借用其他具有一定承重能力的农用行 走机械 （如履带或四轮拖拉机） 。  The grain removed by the threshing device placed horizontally on the front of the machine is conveyed to the grain silo directly or re-sorted and sorted by the grain conveying device, and the grain silo or the compounded sorting device is set in front of the walking device. On the upper back or upper side, the walking device may be specially designed, or other agricultural walking machinery (such as a crawler or four-wheel tractor) with a certain load-bearing capacity may be borrowed.
图 49和图 50示出了一种仓装收获机的具体实施方式， 该 机的行走装置采用了接地面积较大的履带 120。 在行走装置的 后上方设有粮仓 121 或还设有复脱清选装置， 发动机 80和坐 垫 54设置在粮仓 121和复脱清选装置 186的前方，脱粒装置 3 与谷物输送装置连架经液压悬挂机构 162或其他悬挂方式橫置 在行走装置的前方， 脱粒装置 3所脱下的粮粒经前级输送装置 185输送至复脱清选装置 186， 再经复脱清选装置 185后继的 输送装置输送至粮仓 121 。  Fig. 49 and Fig. 50 show a specific embodiment of a warehouse-mounted harvester. The walking device of the machine adopts a track 120 with a large grounding area. A granary 121 or a double-separation sorting device is provided at the upper rear of the walking device. An engine 80 and a cushion 54 are arranged in front of the granary 121 and a double-separation sorting device 186. The threshing device 3 and the grain conveying device are connected by hydraulic pressure. The suspension mechanism 162 or other suspension means is placed in front of the walking device, and the grains removed by the threshing device 3 are conveyed to the multiple de-cleaning device 186 through the previous-stage conveying device 185, and then conveyed by the multiple-de-cleaning device 185. The device is delivered to the granary 121.
为使仓装式收获机既可自身存粮， 又能对转载或随行载粮 的其他车辆输出粮粒， 所述复脱清选装置 186后继的输送装置 最好可改变输送路线。 该装置在复脱清选装置 186的底部有把 干净的粮粒送往粮仓 121的横集搅龙 163 , 粮仓 121 内有与橫 集搅龙 163相通的橫集搅龙 164， 在两横集搅龙之间有升运搅 龙 165 ,粮仓 121上部有与升运搅龙 165相通的排粮搅龙 166， 排粮搅龙 166的龙槽底面有一可开可关的入仓口 167。 当需要 把经清选后的粮粒存入粮仓时， 入口仓 167打开， 搅龙 164停 转， 粮粒经搅龙 163、 165和 166排入粮仓 121； 当需要从粮 仓 121内排出粮粒输往转载车辆或自行卸粮时， 入仓口 167关 闭， 搅龙 163停转或与搅龙 164推力相向运转， 仓内的粮粒经 搅龙 164、 165和 166排出卸下， 或搅龙 165和 166停转而经 搅龙 163和 164排出卸下 （此时， 搅龙 164的側端应与外界相 通， 图中表示） ； 当采用随行载粮车辆接粮或专人接袋而不需 粮仓 121存粮时， 进粮口仍关闭， 搅龙 164停转或与搅龙 163 推力相向运转， 粮粒经搅龙 163 、 165 、 166排出。 In order to make the bin-mounted harvester not only store its own grains, but also output grains to other vehicles that are reloaded or accompanied by grains, the subsequent conveying device of the multiple de-separating and clearing device 186 preferably can change the conveying route. At the bottom of the double separation and cleaning device 186, there is a horizontal set stirrer 163 that sends clean grains to the grain silo 121. There is a horizontal set stirrer 164 connected to the horizontal set stirrer 163 in the grain silo 121. Between the augers, there is a lifting auger 165, and at the upper part of the grain silo 121, there is a food discharging agitation 166 which communicates with the lifting auger 165. The bottom surface of the dragon trough of the aggressing agitation 166 has an opening and closing bin opening 167. When the selected grains need to be stored in the grain silo, the inlet bin 167 is opened, and the stirrer 164 is stopped, and the grains are discharged into the silo 121 via the stirrers 163, 165, and 166; when the grains need to be discharged from the silo 121 When entering the reloaded vehicle or unloading the food by itself, the bin 167 is closed, the auger 163 stops or runs opposite to the thrust of the auger 164, and the grain in the warehouse is discharged and unloaded by the auger 164, 165, and 166, or the auger 165 and 166 stop turning and are discharged by auger 163 and 164 (at this time, the side of auger 164 should communicate with the outside world, shown in the figure); When the grain storehouse 121 is storing grain, the grain inlet is still closed, the stirrer 164 stops or runs opposite to the thrust of the stirrer 163, and the grains are discharged through the stirrers 163, 165, 166.
(五） 前置车装式收获机  (5) Front-loading harvester
该收获机至少其行走、转向装置和存粮装置由具有货箱的 运输机械提供；收获装置或至少其脱粒装置经连接和 /或悬挂机 构设置在与其配套的运输机械的前方； 所述收获装置具有将其 脱粒装置所脱下的粮粒输往货箱的输送装置。  The harvester is provided with at least a walking, steering device and a grain storage device by a transportation machine with a cargo box; the harvesting device or at least its threshing device is arranged in front of the transportation machine supporting it through a connection and / or suspension mechanism; the harvesting device has The grains removed by the threshing device are conveyed to the conveying device of the cargo box.
所述脱粒装置的连接和 /或悬挂机构可采用如下实现方 式：  The connection and / or suspension mechanism of the threshing device may be implemented as follows:
1.图 51 示出一种适合与前部无承重能力的手扶拖拉机之 类的运输机械配套使用的连接机构， 该机构将脱粒装置 3连同 输送装置的前部设置在滑行板 53上， 滑行板 53经与其连体的 支架 168 的后端与手扶拖拉机 169 的机架铰接， 为方便传动， 其铰销最好与中间传动轮 170的轮轴共轴或共轴线。 为避免后 伸较长的输运管 408弯曲和影响整机转向， 输运管 408的后部 可用绳索或链条 171悬挂在拖车 173和栏杆 172上， 同时最好 使输运管 408与拖拉机 169的牵引销 174的垂线相交， 并在相 交处设有球形关节 175。  1. Fig. 51 shows a connection mechanism suitable for use with a transporting machine such as a walk-behind tractor with no load-bearing capacity at the front. This mechanism sets the threshing device 3 together with the front of the conveying device on a sliding plate 53 to slide. The plate 53 is hinged to the frame of the walk-behind tractor 169 via the rear end of the bracket 168 connected to the plate 53. To facilitate transmission, the hinge pin is preferably coaxial or coaxial with the axle of the intermediate transmission wheel 170. In order to avoid bending the long rearwardly transporting pipe 408 and affecting the steering of the whole machine, the rear of the transporting pipe 408 can be suspended on the trailer 173 and the railing 172 with a rope or chain 171, and it is best to make the transporting pipe 408 and the tractor 169 The perpendicular of the traction pin 174 intersects, and a ball joint 175 is provided at the intersection.
2.如图 52 所示， 该机构有一对左右对称可安装在载货汽 车的车架 370前端的固定支架 360， 在两固定支架 360与收获 装置悬架 361之间一对左右对称的两端分别与其铰接的双摇杆 2. As shown in FIG. 52, the mechanism has a pair of left-right symmetrical mounting brackets 360 that can be mounted on the front end of the frame 370 of a truck, and a pair of left-right symmetrical ends between the two fixing brackets 360 and the harvesting device suspension 361. Double rocker
362 , 收获装置的工作高度由升降机构调节， 左右双摇杆 362 随调节高度的变化同步偏转而使收获装置稳定在相应的位置 上。 所述升降机构可以是液压油缸、 钢丝绞盘、 杠杆机构或如 图 67所示的螺旋机构 363 。 为使收获装置中向后伸至车厢的 升运管后部不受前部高度调节的影响而始终不离开支撑点362. The working height of the harvesting device is adjusted by a lifting mechanism. The left and right double rockers 362 deflect synchronously as the height of the adjustment is adjusted to stabilize the harvesting device in the corresponding position. The lifting mechanism may be a hydraulic oil cylinder, a wire winch, a lever mechanism, or a screw mechanism 363 as shown in FIG. 67. In order to keep the rear part of the lifting tube in the harvesting device backward to the carriage, it is not affected by the height adjustment of the front part and does not leave the support point.
363， 升运管最好有一段可弯曲变形的软管。如果将各摇杆 362 等长且平行设置， 收获装置则可以平动调节高度， 工作性能更 为稳定。 363, The lifting pipe preferably has a flexible hose. If each rocker 362 is set to be the same length and parallel, the harvesting device can adjust the height by translation, and the working performance is more For stability.
3.如图 53所示， 在车架纵粱 370或纵杲延伸件 379的前 端或下端固定一根或左右两段具有同一橫向轴心线的套管 380， （套管内可安装动力传动轴 381 以方便所配用的收获装 置从汽车发动机引用动力） ， 套管的两側段可作为收获装置与 运输机械配套的支承轴， 在所述套管 380的左右支承轴上有左 右对称的两根杠杆 383 与其铰接， 左右杠杆后部可刚性连接， 并与液压缸 384的活塞杆下端 385铰接， 液压缸体上端与车架 370 铰接， （液压泵可由汽车或手摇液压泵提供） ， 杠杆的前 端 387 可伸到收获装置的重心处的橫向垂面并设有半圓 κ /槽， 在收获装置机架 382位于所述橫垂面的适当处设有左右对称的 一对短轴 386， 半圆凹槽可与短轴 386铰吻合， 收获装置机架 382后端有一段以短轴 386为轴心的孤形板， 该板上有多个可 供选择的定位孔 388可与车纵梁前伸仵 379上的定位孔配合用 以插销定位。 在悬挂和收获作业过程中， 杠杆前部的高度都由 液压缸调节。  3. As shown in FIG. 53, one or two left and right sections of the sleeve 380 with the same transverse axis line are fixed to the front or lower end of the frame stringer 370 or the longitudinal extension 379. (A power transmission shaft can be installed in the sleeve. 381 in order to facilitate the use of the harvesting device to draw power from the car engine), the two sides of the casing can be used as supporting shafts for the harvesting device and the transportation machinery, and there are two left and right symmetrical shafts on the left and right supporting shafts of the casing 380. The lever 383 is hinged to it, the left and right levers can be rigidly connected at the rear, and articulated to the lower end 385 of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 384, and the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body is articulated to the frame 370. (The hydraulic pump can be provided by a car or a manual hydraulic pump). The front end 387 can reach the horizontal vertical plane of the center of gravity of the harvesting device and is provided with a semicircle κ / groove. A pair of short-axis 386 pairs of left and right symmetry are provided at the appropriate position of the harvesting machine frame 382 at the horizontal plane. The groove can be hinged with the short shaft 386. The rear end of the harvesting device frame 382 has a solitary plate with the short shaft 386 as the axis. The plate has a plurality of optional positioning holes 388 which can be connected to the front of the longitudinal beam of the vehicle. Stretch The positioning holes on the 仵 379 are used for positioning with pins. During the suspension and harvesting operations, the height of the front of the lever is adjusted by hydraulic cylinders.
该机的谷物输送装置的前级可采用上述其他机型的各种 输送方式， 其把粮粒装入车箱的后级或末级输送可如下实现：  The front stage of the grain conveying device of this machine can adopt various conveying methods of the other models mentioned above. The rear stage or final stage of loading grain into the car can be realized as follows:
1.如图 53所示， 在脱粒装置 3的后方设一离心风机 406 , 该风机的出风管即输送管 408 与前级输送装置的来粮管 36直 接连通或经闭风器 407连通并延伸至车箱， 输送路径可以是：  1. As shown in FIG. 53, a centrifugal fan 406 is provided at the rear of the threshing device 3, and an outlet pipe of the fan is a conveying pipe 408 and the incoming grain pipe 36 of the previous-stage conveying device is directly connected or communicated through an air closer 407 and Extending to the car, the transport path can be:
( 1 ) 输送管 408向后向上越过笃驶室把粮粒吹至车箱， 该管的尾部可由货车的栏杆或专设的支撑架支撑， 适当调节出 粮段的仰角可利用自然风对扬出的谷物进行清选；  (1) The conveying pipe 408 passes back and upwards across the dune cab and blows the grains to the carriage. The tail of the pipe can be supported by the railing of the truck or the special support frame. The elevation angle of the grain section can be adjusted by using the natural wind. Of cereals for cleaning;
( 2 ) 在车箱底板的适当部位开设一个或多个洞孔， 输送 管 408以单管或分成多根支管与所述洞孔连通而把粮粒扬入车 箱； 为使车箱能够装满粮粒， 每个洞孔还可设有高于车箱栏板 的所谓装车管； 当需要将借用配套的运输机械用于其他运输作 业时， 可拆下装车管并 堵盖把洞孔堵住。 (2) One or more holes are opened at an appropriate part of the bottom plate of the carriage, and the conveying pipe 408 communicates with the holes by a single pipe or divided into multiple branch pipes to lift the grain into the carriage; in order to make the carriage full of grain Each hole can also be provided with a so-called loading tube that is higher than the car rail; when it is necessary to borrow the supporting transportation machinery for other transportation operations In the industry, you can remove the loading tube and plug the hole to block the hole.
该机的收获装置所需要的动力可由专设的发动机提供， 也 可从借用运输机械的发动机、 变速器或减速器中取用。  The power required by the harvesting device of this machine can be provided by a dedicated engine, or it can be taken from the engine, transmission or reducer of borrowing transportation machinery.
(六） 后置车装式收获机  (6) Rear mounted harvester
该机至少其行走、转向装置和存粮装置由兼用的载货汽车 提供， 该汽车具有前置发动机、 驱动后桥、 由钢板弹簧悬挂的 车架、 载货车箱， 该车及与它配用的收获装置的相应特征包 括： （ 1 ) 、 该车的变速器中至少具有一级适合收获前进速度 的倒档， 收获作业时该车退倒行前进； （ 2 ) 、 该车的车架上 具有可安装该收获装置相应的活性连接机构， 在收获作业期 间， 所述脱粒装置可安装在该车架的后下方即该车后轮的后 方， 其脱粒器收获幅宽的至少一側边超出该车车轮的外側， 以 免车轮损坏边界作物； （ 3 ) 、 该收获装置中具有从该车车箱 側边或穿过该车箱底板把粮粒装入车箱的谷物输送装置； ( 4 ) 、 该收获装置从该车发动机分取动力或另设有劝率较小 的发动机。  The machine at least its walking, steering and grain storage devices are provided by a combined cargo truck, which has a front engine, a drive rear axle, a frame suspended by leaf springs, a truck box, the vehicle and its associated The corresponding features of the harvesting device include: (1), the vehicle's transmission has at least one reverse gear suitable for the forward speed of the harvest, and the vehicle retreats forward during the harvesting operation; (2), the vehicle's frame has a The corresponding active connection mechanism of the harvesting device is installed. During the harvesting operation, the threshing device may be installed at the lower rear of the frame, that is, the rear of the rear wheel of the car, and at least one side of the threshing width of the thresher exceeds the car. The outside of the wheel to prevent the wheel from damaging the border crops; (3) the harvesting device has a grain conveying device for loading grains into the car from the side of the car or through the floor of the car; (4) the harvesting device is provided from The car's engine is divided into power or another engine with a lower persuasion rate.
此类收获机可采用以下方式来调节其脱粒器的工作高 度： （ 1 ) 、 使脱粒器的安装支架经橫向销轴与车架相连接， 用手摇降速机构或液压缸使支架回转调高； （ 2 ) 、 使脱粒装 置的安装支架固定在车架后部， 且车上设有可调节车架后部的 也即脱粒器的离地高度的或兼用于使车箱倾卸的液压***， 该 ***具有左右对称的两个或左右居中的一个 （车的减速器可偏 置） 液压缸， 液压缸体的下端由橫向销轴与固定在该车后桥壳 上的支架铰接或经球关节连结， 液压缸的活塞杆上端或活塞的 a 、 对于车箱固定在车架上的非自卸车型， 上述液压动力输出 端经由橫向销轴或经球关节与车架连结， 以使液压紅可在收获 作业中通过调节车架后部的离地高度来调节悬挂在其上的脱 粒装置中的脱粒器的离地高度； b、 对于车箱底架与车架后端 铰连接的液压自卸车型， 上述液压动力输出端与车箱底架由橫 向销轴铰连接或经球关节连结； 该车还具有可使车箱底架与车 架钩连或脱离的活动挂钩 H 及可使车架与车后桥壳钩连或脱 离的活动挂钩 L， 当挂钩 H使车箱底架与车架钩连且挂钩 L 不使车架与车后桥壳钩连时， 所述液压缸可在收获作业中通过 调节车架后部的离地高度来调节脱粒器的离地高度； 当挂钩 H 不使车箱底架与车架钩连而挂钩 L使车架与后桥壳钩连时， 所 述液压缸可使车箱倾 却粮。 将收获装置悬挂于车架后底部的 悬挂方式由如下实施方式来实现。 如图 54 、 55 、 56所示， 脱粒装置 3经其支架 410及支架的橫梁 411 由螺栓固定在该车 的副梁 413的后下部即后轮 431的后方， 脱粒器 3收获幅宽的 至少一側边超出该側车轮 431 的外側， 以免车轮损坏边界作 物。 汽车的左右纵梁最好采用上下两层式， 以使上部副梁 413 的后伸段离地更高而适应收获较高的作物。 收获装置中具有的 从车箱 435側边把粮粒装入车箱的谷物输送装置的各部位经螺 栓固定在车架或其延伸支架上。 谷物输送装置的末级升运装置 由如下方式来实现： （ 1 ) 、 由链条括板升运器或升运搅龙或 扬谷器或风机的升运管经车箱的至少一側栏板的上方把粮粒 升运至车箱中， 各种升运管的上部出粮口连通向车箱内导粮的 导粮管， 对于采用液压倾卸的车型， 导粮管可以是可旋转的或 可拆卸的， 以便卸粮时不阻碍车箱倾覆； （ 2 ) 、 在该车的车 箱底板上设有一个或多个洞孔， 在收获期间， 每个洞孔可安装 一段粮粒装车管， 该管段上端的出粮口高出该车箱的四周栏 板， 下端与前级谷物输送装置的来粮口连通， 当该车运榆其它 货物时每个洞孔可由与其相应的堵盖堵住。 所述装车管可经其 上的法兰盘用螺栓固定在车厢底架上。 This type of harvester can use the following methods to adjust the working height of its thresher: (1), the mounting bracket of the thresher is connected to the frame via the transverse pin, and the speed reduction mechanism or the hydraulic cylinder is used to rotate the support by hand (2) The mounting bracket of the threshing device is fixed at the rear of the frame, and the vehicle is provided with a hydraulic system that can adjust the height of the rear of the frame, that is, the height of the threshing device from the ground, or is also used to dump the car. The system has two left-right symmetrical or one left-right centered (the car's decelerator can be offset). The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder body is hinged or warped by a lateral pin and a bracket fixed on the rear axle housing of the car. Articulated connection, the upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder or the a of the piston. For non-dumping models where the box is fixed on the frame, the hydraulic power output end is connected to the frame via a transverse pin or via a ball joint to make the hydraulic red Adjust the lift off the suspension frame by adjusting the height above the ground at the rear of the frame during the harvesting operation The height of the threshing device in the granulator from the ground; b. For hydraulic dump trucks with the chassis undercarriage hinged to the rear end of the chassis, the hydraulic power output end and the chassis undercarriage are hinged or connected by ball joints The car also has a movable hook H that can hook or detach the chassis undercarriage from the frame and a movable hook L that can hook or detach the chassis from the rear axle shell. When the hook H causes the chassis underframe to the chassis When the hook is hooked and the hook L does not hook the frame to the rear axle housing, the hydraulic cylinder can adjust the ground clearance height of the thresher by adjusting the ground clearance height at the rear of the frame during the harvesting operation; when the hook H is not When the chassis of the truck is hooked to the chassis and the hook L is used to hook the chassis to the rear axle shell, the hydraulic cylinder can make the truck dump food. The suspension method of suspending the harvesting device on the rear bottom of the frame is realized by the following embodiments. As shown in FIGS. 54, 55, and 56, the threshing device 3 is bolted to the rear lower part of the car's auxiliary beam 413, that is, the rear of the rear wheel 431 through its bracket 410 and the cross beam 411 of the bracket. One side extends beyond the outside of the side wheel 431 to prevent the wheel from damaging the border crop. The left and right longitudinal beams of the car are preferably of the upper and lower two-layer type, so that the rear extension of the upper auxiliary beam 413 is higher off the ground and is suitable for harvesting higher crops. Each part of the grain conveying device included in the harvesting device that loads grains into the car from the side of the car 435 is fixed to the car frame or its extension bracket by bolts. The final stage lifting device of the grain conveying device is realized by the following methods: (1) The lifting pipe of the chain lifting plate lifter or lifting stirrer or valley lifter or fan passes through at least one side of the carriage. The grains are lifted into the car at the top, and the upper grain outlets of various lift pipes are connected to the grain guide pipe for guiding the grain in the car. For models using hydraulic dumping, the grain guide pipe can be rotated or detachable. In order to prevent the cart from overturning when unloading the grain; (2) one or more holes are set on the bottom of the box of the car; during harvest, each hole can be installed with a grain loading tube, The upper grain outlet is higher than the surrounding fence of the car, and the lower end is connected to the grain inlet of the front-stage grain conveying device. When the car transports other goods, each hole can be blocked by its corresponding cover. The loading pipe can be bolted to the undercarriage of the carriage through a flange plate thereon.
与上述装车管相应的谷物输送装置的末级可以是： （ 1 )、 末级升运离心风机， 风机的入粮口可如前述， 风机的出风口连 通上述装车管； （ 2 ) 、 末级叶轮式扬谷器， 其出粮口连通上 述装车管， 装车管可弯成相应的抛物线形状； （ 3 ) 、 以上述 装车管为外壳构成升运搅龙。 对于液压自卸的车型， 该装车管 的下端与其相应的升运管的上端活性自动对接， 上述升运搅龙 的外壳和轴也可都分两段在卸粮时自动对接。 装车管的出粮口 的方位最好可使车箱基本满载或连通可改换装车方位的可横 伸的导粮管。 The final stage of the grain conveying device corresponding to the loading tube may be: (1), The final stage of the centrifugal fan, the inlet of the fan can be as described above, and the outlet of the fan is connected to the loading pipe; (2), the final stage impeller valley lifter is connected to the loading pipe, The tube can be bent into a corresponding parabolic shape; (3) The above-mentioned loading tube is used as the outer shell to constitute the lifting auger. For models with hydraulic self-unloading, the lower end of the loading tube is automatically docked with the upper end of the corresponding lifting tube. The shell and shaft of the lifting auger can also be automatically docked in two stages when unloading grain. The orientation of the grain outlet of the loading pipe is preferably such that the car box is substantially full or connected with a horizontally extending grain guiding pipe that can change the loading orientation.
图 56是所述液压***兼用调节脱粒器工作高度和使车箱 倾卸粮粒的后置车装式收获机的实施例，其车箱 435的底架 412 的后端与副梁 413的后端由横向销轴 436铰接， 其收获装置及 脱粒器 1的安装支架 410固定在副梁 413的后部；液压缸体 428 的下端由横向销轴 429与支架 430铰接，支架 430与后桥壳 432 连体， 其液压缸活塞的行程放大机构由缸体两側的拉杆 427和 两側的杠杆 415构成， 两拉杆 427下端由销轴 429铰接， 其上 端由横向销轴 414与两杠杆 415的后端铰接， 两杠杆的前端由 横向销轴 419与车箱底架 412铰接， 两杠杆的中后部销孔由横 向销轴 416与活塞杆 417的上端铰接； 为操纵方便， 所述的活 动挂钩是左右对称地安装在车架大梁 370外側的两个双钩 H和 L , 每側的双钩连体制成， 双钩的中部经横向销轴 422与车架 大梁 370 铰接； （最好将左右双钩固定在可转动的通轴 422 上） ， 至少有一側的双钩的下部钩 L 上设有使其脱钩的拉簧 425， 而其上部钩 H上设有能克服拉簧弹力而使其脱钩的拉索 424 , 拉索可引入笃驶室操纵； 其工作过程是： 当拉簧 425使 左右下部钩 L脱离并使左右上部钩 H与车箱底架 412上的横轴 钩连时， 只要控制液压缸 428活塞的行程即可调节副梁 412后 部和脱粒器 1的离地高度， 以适应收获不同高度的作物； 当操 纵拉索 424克服拉簧 425而使左右上部钩 H脱离并使左右下部 钩 L与横销 423钩连时， 因横销 423的支架 426 与钢板弹簧 434由 U形螺栓 433紧固在后桥壳上， 所以液压釭活塞上行倾 箱卸粮时副梁不会被销轴 436提升。 还可采用套筒式液压缸来 增大其活塞杆行程而不另设行程放大机构。 为了当车箱装粮满 载与不满载时都可使下部钩 L能钩住其相应的横销 423， 可采 用如下措施： （ 1 ) 、 采用双作用液压缸， 当车箱不满载卸粮 时， 可使活塞下行做功并强制车架与后桥的距离变小直到下部 钩 L 可钩住其相应橫销， 然后使活塞上行做劝倾箱卸粮； ( 2 ) 、 使下部钩 L相应的橫销 423离后桥壳的距离可调， 例 如使该横销的左右支架 426具有多对不同高度的橫向销孔， 这 种支架最好与后桥壳连体铸造， 其位置可在该側液压缸体的内 側， 相应的活动挂钩也安装在该支架的上方即车架大梁的内 側。 FIG. 56 is an embodiment of the rear-mounted truck-mounted harvester that uses the hydraulic system to adjust the working height of the thresher and to dump the grain. The rear end of the chassis 412 of the carriage 435 and the rear end of the auxiliary beam 413 are The transverse pin 436 is hinged, and the harvesting device and the mounting bracket 410 of the thresher 1 are fixed at the rear of the auxiliary beam 413. The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 428 is hinged by the transverse pin 429 and the bracket 430, and the bracket 430 is connected to the rear axle housing 432. The stroke amplifying mechanism of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is composed of tie rods 427 on both sides of the cylinder block and levers 415 on both sides. The lower ends of the two tie rods 427 are hinged by a pin 429, and the upper ends of the two are connected by the lateral pins 414 and the rear ends of the two levers 415. The front ends of the two levers are hinged by a transverse pin 419 and the chassis bottom frame 412, and the middle rear pin holes of the two levers are hinged by the transverse pin 416 and the upper end of the piston rod 417; for easy operation, the movable hooks are left and right Two double hooks H and L mounted symmetrically on the outside of the frame beam 370 are made of double hooks on each side, and the middle part of the double hook is hinged to the frame beam 370 via a transverse pin 422; On the rotating shaft 422), at least The lower hook L with a double hook on one side is provided with a tension spring 425 for disengaging it, and the upper hook H is provided with a cable 424 which can overcome the elastic force of the tension spring to disengage the cable. The working process is as follows: When the tension spring 425 disengages the left and right lower hooks L and connects the left and right upper hooks H with the horizontal axis on the chassis 412, as long as the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 428 is controlled, the rear of the auxiliary beam 412 can be adjusted. And the threshing height of the thresher 1 to adapt to harvesting crops of different heights; when the operating cable 424 overcomes the tension spring 425, the upper and left upper hooks H are disengaged and the lower left and right When the hook L is hooked with the horizontal pin 423, the bracket 426 of the horizontal pin 423 and the leaf spring 434 are fastened to the rear axle housing by U-bolts 433, so the auxiliary beam will not be pinned when the hydraulic concrete piston is tilted and the grain is discharged. The shaft 436 is lifted. A sleeve-type hydraulic cylinder can also be used to increase the stroke of its piston rod without a separate stroke enlargement mechanism. In order to enable the lower hook L to catch its corresponding horizontal pin 423 when the car is loaded with full or under load, the following measures can be adopted: (1). Using a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, when the car is unloaded with food, the Make the piston work downwards and force the distance between the frame and the rear axle to be smaller until the lower hook L can hook its corresponding cross pin, and then make the piston go upward to advise the dump box to unload the grain; (2), make the lower hook L corresponding cross pin The distance from 423 to the rear axle housing is adjustable. For example, the left and right brackets of the transverse pin 426 have multiple pairs of transverse pin holes of different heights. This bracket is preferably cast in one piece with the rear axle housing, and its position can be on the side of the hydraulic cylinder. Inside the body, a corresponding movable hook is also installed above the bracket, that is, inside the frame beam.
该收获机上路运粮时， 可使液压缸活塞处于自由浮动状 态， 它可协助钢板弹簧起緩冲作用。 液压阀的操纵机构可设在 笃驶室内以方便操作。 该机收获作业时可利用后视镜判断退行 方向。  When the harvester is transporting grain on the road, the hydraulic cylinder piston can be placed in a free floating state, which can assist the leaf spring to act as a buffer. The operating mechanism of the hydraulic valve can be set in the driving room for easy operation. When harvesting, the machine can use the rearview mirror to determine the direction of regression.
收获装置所需动力可在汽车的变速器中或后桥减速器中 设置取力器分取， 也可另外设一较小功率的发动机。  The power required by the harvesting device can be set in the car's transmission or in the rear axle reducer to take off the power, or an engine with a lower power can be set.
上述兼用于与收获机配套的载货汽车其后驱动轮最好是 备有两种并可方便地更换作业。 一种是适合平常运输用的普通 驱动轮， 实践证明它也适合一般气候条件下较硬麦地的收获作 业； 另一种可类似拖拉机或已有大型收割机的驱动轮， 这种驱 动轮更可适应湿软稻麦地块的作业。  It is preferred that the above-mentioned cargo trucks used in conjunction with the harvester be equipped with two rear driving wheels and can be easily replaced. One is a common driving wheel suitable for ordinary transportation, and it has been proved that it is also suitable for harvesting operations in hard wheat fields under general climate conditions; the other can be similar to the driving wheel of a tractor or an existing large harvester. This type of driving wheel is more suitable It is suitable for the operation of marshy rice and wheat fields.
(七） 收获机的谷物输送装置。  (7) Grain conveyor of the harvester.
上述各式收获机除低位箱装式以外， 都可单一或选择组合 地采用如下谷物输送装置， 为避免重复和便于引用， 现以 T表 示谷物输送装置并依谷物的流程来分类编号进行描述。 1 大类。其共同特征如图 42、 46、 54、 55.所示， 它们 都配用其后轴位置较高的环带式脱粒器 2 , 其载体把脱下的谷 物输送至较高位置， 防溅罩 49和后方的滑谷板 440 围成可向 后导出谷物的高位导粮通道 317。 Except for the low-box type, the above-mentioned various harvesters can use the following grain conveying devices singly or in combination. To avoid repetition and easy reference, the grain conveying device is represented by T and classified according to the flow of the grains. 1 category. Their common features are shown in Figures 42, 46, 54, and 55. They are all equipped with an endless belt thresher 2 with a higher rear axle position, and the carrier conveys the removed grain to a higher position, a splash guard 49 and the rear slide plate 440 form a high grain guide channel 317 which can lead out the grain backwards.
类。如图 42所示的高位导粮通道 317向后逐渐收幅成 一根或左右两根入袋管 50 ,该 Tu类谷物输送装置可用于前述 各种幅宽较小且粮袋靠近脱粒装置的轻便袋装机。 如采用左右 两根入袋管， 其公共隔板最好可通过手动控制使左右入袋管截 止或开通以便在一人作业时可不停机更换左右粮袋 88。  class. As shown in FIG. 42, the high-level grain guide channel 317 gradually expands backwards into one or two left and right bag-feeding tubes 50. The Tu-type grain conveying device can be used for the aforementioned various small widths and the lightness of the grain bag near the threshing device. Bagging machine. If two left and right bag-feeding tubes are used, it is best to manually control the left and right bag-feeding tubes to be blocked or opened by manual control so that the left and right grain bags 88 can be replaced without stopping when one person works.
T12型。 上述高位导粮通道 317向下使粮粒滑入末级升运 风机 406的出风管 442， 与该出风管连通的谷物输运管 408把 粮粒吹升注入粮袋 88。 T 12 type. The above-mentioned high grain guide channel 317 slides down the grains into the air outlet pipe 442 of the final stage lifting fan 406, and the grain conveying pipe 408 connected to the air outlet pipe blows the grains into the grain bag 88.
Τ13类。 其共同特征如图 46、 54、 55 , 所述的导粮 通道 317把谷物归入环带式脱粒器 2后方的高位橫集搅龙 26， 该搅龙把粮粒横集至其側端或中部的出粮口。 Τ 13 categories. The common features are shown in Figures 46, 54, and 55. The grain guide channel 317 divides the grains into the high-level horizontal agitator 26 behind the belt threshing unit 2. The agitator horizontally collects the grains to its side or Central food outlet.
T131型。 如图 46所示， 上述橫集搅龙 26的出粮口 27与 升运搅龙 445的下部连通， 升运搅龙 445的上部开口连通入袋 管 50。 升运搅龙 445可由其下部的锥形齿轮副 503驱动。 T 131 type. As shown in FIG. 46, the grain outlet 27 of the horizontal set auger 26 is in communication with the lower part of the elevator auger 445, and the upper opening of the auger 445 is connected to the bag tube 50. The lifting auger 445 can be driven by a bevel gear pair 503 at the lower part.
Τ132型。 用于后置车装式收获机时可如图 55 所示， Τ13 所述搅龙 26的出粮口 27向下经闭风器 407与末级升运机 406 的出风管 442连通， 与该出风管连通的升运管 408的上端固定 或自动对接地与安装在车箱 435底架上的装车管 446连通。 此 型也可用于前置车装式收获机。 T 132 type. FIG 55 may be used when the vehicle rear-mounted harvester shown, the 13 Τ grain auger outlet 26 of 27 air downwardly through the closed end 407 and the stage 406 elevators wind pipe 442 communicates, The upper end of the lifting pipe 408 communicating with the air outlet pipe is fixed or automatically grounded and communicates with the loading pipe 446 installed on the chassis of the trunk 435. This type can also be used in front-mounted truck-mounted harvesters.
Τ133类。 对于后置车装式收获机 （如图 54、 55 ) , 还可 在高位橫集搅龙 26 之后还设有一个或左右并列的多个升运搅 龙或升运离心风机或叶轮式扬谷器， 使高位横集搅龙的出粮口 27与它们的进粮口 （见前述） 连通， 它们的升运管垂直或后倾 向上与穿过车箱底板的装车管 446连通。 T134类。适用于袋装机或后置车装式收获机， 所述搅龙 26 把粮粒推向其某側端， 在相应側安装与搅龙 26 同轴的链条刮 板升运器或叶轮扬谷器或离心风机， 它们的升运管把粮粒升运 至入袋管或车箱。 如图 54所示， 由汽车后轮 431側后的与搅 龙 26同轴的扬谷器 37经其扬升管 447把粮粒从车箱 435側边 扬入车箱， 扬升管的上端最好向车箱一方弯曲或设有反射板。 扬谷器 37也可由链条刮板升运器取代。 Τ 133 types. For rear-mounted truck-mounted harvesters (as shown in Figures 54 and 55), one or more side-by-side lifting augers or lifting centrifugal fans or impeller-type valleys can also be installed behind the horizontally-set auger 26 at the high position. Device to connect the outlet 27 of the high-level horizontal auger with their inlet (see above), and their ascending tubes communicate vertically or rearwardly with the loading tube 446 passing through the floor of the trunk. T 134 . It is suitable for bagging machines or rear-mounted truck-type harvesters. The auger 26 pushes grains to one side of the harvester. On the corresponding side, a chain scraper elevator or impeller that is coaxial with the auger 26 is installed. Or centrifugal fans, their lifting tubes lift the grain to the bag tube or the car. As shown in FIG. 54, the grain elevator 37 coaxial with the auger 26 behind the rear wheel 431 side of the car lifts grains from the side of the car box 435 into the car box through its lifting pipe 447. The upper end of the lifting pipe is the best Bend to the side of the trunk or have a reflector. The valley lifter 37 can also be replaced by a chain scraper elevator.
Τ2类。在所述滚筒式或环带式脱粒器的后方设有纵向的谷 物输送装置， 它接纳由脱粒装置 3的导粮通道下落的粮粒并向 后向上输送至高位横集搅龙 26 , 该搅龙的后级谷物输送装置 可与上述 Τ13类相同。 纵向谷物输送装置可如下实现： Τ 2 types. A longitudinal grain conveying device is provided at the rear of the drum-type or belt-type thresher, which receives the grains falling from the grain guide channel of the threshing device 3 and conveys them upwards and backwards to the high-level horizontal agitation dragon 26. Long grain delivery device subsequent stage may be the same class Τ 13 described above. The longitudinal grain conveyor can be implemented as follows:
Τ21纵向输送带。 传送带与脱粒器 1 同宽， 其前辊较小可 横置于脱粒器 1下后方近处较前的位置上以利于收集谷物， 其 后辊可作驱动辊。 为了利于收集粮粒和有利于张紧传动， 可在 前辊后方不远处加设上压带辊或下压带辊。 Τ 21 longitudinal conveyor belt. The conveyor belt is the same width as the thresher 1. The front roller is smaller and can be placed horizontally near the lower rear of the thresher 1 to facilitate the collection of grain. The rear roller can be used as a driving roller. In order to facilitate the collection of grains and to facilitate the tension transmission, an upper or lower pressing roller can be installed not far behind the front roller.
Τ22， 抖动板。 如图 48所示， 在脱粒器 1的近后方设置一 块与其同幅宽的抖动板 41 ； 抖动板的前端伸至脱粒器 1 的后 下方以利于接纳脱出粮粒， 抖动板上端的后下方有高位橫集搅 龙 26， 抖动板的上表面具有锯齿状的横向凸棱与 槽 42， 抖 动板被躯动作斜上斜下的小幅度往复抖动而把其上粮粒向后 向上抛升， 其两側档板可由脱粒器的側档板向后延长而成。 抖 动板可由位于其骨架上部或下部的曲柄 43 支撑并驱动， 其另 一端可由与之铰接的摇杆 44 支撑。 抖动板的前部还可向前弯 伸并经滚轮被限位在基本水平的导轨上作前后抖动。 Τ 22 , a dithering plate. As shown in FIG. 48, a shaker plate 41 having the same width is arranged near the thresher 1; the front end of the shaker plate extends to the lower and rear of the thresher 1 to facilitate the reception and removal of grains. The high-level horizontal set auger 26, the upper surface of the wobble plate has zigzag-shaped transverse ribs and grooves 42, the wobble plate is shaken back and forth by a small amplitude obliquely upwards and downwards, and the grains on the wobble plate are thrown upward and upward. The baffle plates on both sides can be extended backward by the side baffle plates of the thresher. The wobble plate may be supported and driven by a crank 43 located at the upper or lower part of its skeleton, and the other end thereof may be supported by a rocker 44 hinged thereto. The front part of the wobble plate can also be bent forward and stretched and restricted by the rollers to basically shake back and forth.
Τ3大类。如图 43、 44、 45、 47、 49、 51、 52、 53、 56所示， 此类谷物输送装置的共同特征是， 脱粒装置 3经入秆 导粒通道 317把粮粒归入脱粒器 1后方的低位横集搅龙 28 , 搅龙 28的槽壳 29 与脱粒器之间可加设前伸的滑谷板 30。 搅 龙 28 把粮粒横集至其中部或側端的出粮口， 该出.粮口与如下 谷物升运装置连通： Τ 3 categories. As shown in Figures 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, and 56, the common feature of this type of grain conveying device is that the threshing device 3 sorts the grains into the thresher 1 through the stalk-guiding channel 317. The rear low-profile agitation dragon 28 may be provided with a forward-extended sliding valley plate 30 between the groove shell 29 of the auger 28 and the thresher. Stir Dragon 28 collects the grain horizontally to the middle or side grain outlet, which is connected with the following grain lifting device:
T31型。如图 44、 53所示安装在上述搅龙 28的轴伸段的 叶轮扬谷器 37的扬升管 36连通入袋 50 。 T 31 type. As shown in FIGS. 44 and 53, the lift pipe 36 of the impeller valley lifter 37 installed at the axial extension section of the auger 28 communicates with the bag 50.
Τ32型。 如图 47、 49所示， 链条刮板式升运器 31的下端 链轮与搅龙 28同轴或异轴靠近设置， 升运器 31的上部出粮口 连通入袋管 50或复脱清选装置 （见图 49 ) 。 Τ type 32. As shown in Figures 47 and 49, the lower sprocket of the chain scraper elevator 31 and the stirrer 28 are arranged coaxially or at different axes, and the upper grain outlet of the elevator 31 is connected to the bag tube 50 or re-cleaning. Device (see Figure 49).
Τ33， 如图 43所示， 横集搅龙 28的出粮口连通升运搅龙 504 下部的入粮口， 升运搅龙 504 的上部出粮口连通入袋管 50。 （凡与低位搅龙 28同轴的升运器可安装在搅龙 28的某側 轴伸段上， 如果设置在搅龙 28 的中部， 该升运器外壳的前面 呈角形， 以使粮粒不向前下方反射而损失） 。 Τ 33, shown in Figure 43, the cross-grain mix outlet collector 28 communicates Long elevator stirred into the lower portion of long grain inlet 504, an upper elevator stirred Long grain exit port 504 communicating tube 50 into the bag. (Every elevator that is coaxial with the low-level auger 28 can be installed on one of the side shaft extensions of the auger 28. If it is set in the middle of the auger 28, the front of the shell of the elevator is angled to make the grains It does not lose by reflecting forward and downward).
Τ34型， 如图 53所示， 与低位橫集搅龙 28 同轴的小扬谷 器把粮粒扬入其后的较大扬谷器 37， 其扬升管 36上端经闭风 器 407连通升运风机 406的升运管 408， 升运管 408从车架底 下连通前述的装车管。 Model T 34 , as shown in FIG. 53, a small valley lifter which is coaxial with the low-level transverse agitation dragon 28 lifts the grain into the subsequent larger valley lifter 37, and the upper end of the lift pipe 36 passes the air closer 407 The lifting pipe 408 communicates with the lifting fan 406, and the lifting pipe 408 communicates with the aforementioned loading pipe from under the frame.
Τ35。 如图 45 、 51 、 52 、 56所示， 所述低位橫集搅龙 28左右两段正、反向的螺旋叶片可把粮粒橫集至其中部或某側 的某处， 该处的搅龙槽壳 29 向后下方或一側开口连通吸运管 38， 吸运管 38的上端连通粮杂分离器 39的扩腔部进口， 分离 器 39的出口经吸运管 40连通离心风机 406的进气口而使分离 罐 39 保持能吸升谷物的负压， 粮粒因重力下落经分离器下方 的闭风器 407进入风机 406的出风管即升运管 408 ,升运管 408 连通入袋管 50或装车管。 Τ 35 . As shown in FIGS. 45, 51, 52, and 56, the left and right two sets of positive and negative spiral blades of the left and right set of agitation dragons 28 can set grains to the middle or somewhere on one side. The long trough casing 29 is opened downwardly or to one side to communicate with the suction pipe 38. The upper end of the suction pipe 38 is connected to the inlet of the enlarged cavity portion of the grain separator 39. The outlet of the separator 39 is connected to the centrifugal fan 406 through the suction pipe 40. The air inlet keeps the separation tank 39 at a negative pressure capable of sucking up the grain. Grain grains fall through the air closer 407 under the separator and enter the fan 406, which is the lift pipe 408, which is connected to the lift pipe 408. Bag tube 50 or loading tube.
所述的吸气离心风机可以是： （ 1 )专用的吸气排杂风机， 即只有谷物中的轻杂物能经吸气管进入吸气排杂风机再经该 风机的出风管吹出机外； （ 2 ) 如图 45、 52所示， 吸气离心 风机同时也是所述末级升运风机 406 。 所述分离器 39 可采用 通常的容积式或旋风式分离器等， 所述闭风器可以是转叶式的 或单向阀式的。所述单向阀式闭风器可以是如图 45 、 51 、 52 所示的一种铰接在给粮管 501 内的利用重力和 /或弹力关闭的 阀门， 它由为推开阀门而堆积在其上一定厚度的谷物来阻隔吹 运管 408的气流向吸运管回流。 上述无论哪种型式都可用于前 述两种车装式收获机。 The suction centrifugal fan may be: (1) a dedicated suction and exhaust fan, that is, only the light impurities in the grain can enter the suction and exhaust fan through the suction pipe, and then blow out the machine through the air outlet pipe of the fan (2) As shown in Figures 45 and 52, the suction centrifugal fan is also the last-stage lifting fan 406. The separator 39 may use Generally, a volumetric or cyclone type separator, etc., the air closer may be a rotary vane type or a one-way valve type. The one-way valve type air closer may be a valve closed by gravity and / or elastic force, which is hinged in the grain feeding pipe 501, as shown in FIGS. 45, 51, and 52. A certain thickness of grains on it prevents the air flow from the blowing pipe 408 from flowing back to the suction pipe. Either type can be used for the two vehicle-mounted harvesters.
当用于后置车装式收获机时， 如图 56所示， 分离器 39的 罐体可安装在车后轮 431的前方或车纵梁 370的外側， 也可利 用车箱側外的空间， 其下部可向车内倾斜以使粮粒可经闭风器 407落入安装在车纵梁上的升运离心风机 406的出风管 442 。 如另采用吸气排杂风机， 其叶轮可与升运风机 406的叶轮同一 横轴安装。 吸运管 38 可由车中部穿过车纵梁上的圓孔 502后 连通分离器 39。  When used in a rear-mounted harvester, as shown in FIG. 56, the tank of the separator 39 may be installed in front of the rear wheel 431 or outside the side member 370, or the space outside the trunk side may be used. The lower part can be tilted toward the inside of the car so that the grains can fall into the air outlet pipe 442 of the lifting centrifugal fan 406 installed on the longitudinal beam of the car through the air closer 407. If another suction and exhaust fan is used, its impeller can be installed on the same horizontal axis as the impeller of the lifting fan 406. The suction pipe 38 can pass through the circular hole 502 on the side member of the vehicle through the middle of the vehicle and communicate with the separator 39.
(八） 收获机的谷草分离， 复脱及清选装置  (8) Straw separation, re-separation and cleaning device of harvester
为了提高收获作业的效率和获得纯净的粮粒， 上述各类收 获机可单一或选择组合地附加如下谷草分离、 复脱及清选装 置。  In order to improve the efficiency of harvesting operations and obtain pure grains, the above-mentioned various types of harvesters can be added with the following straw separation, double removal and cleaning devices individually or in combination.
图 44示出一种排草溜筛 126 ,斜置在升运管 36与入袋 50 之间， 借助筛片的倾斜和发动机对整机的振动使谷草分离。  Fig. 44 shows a sorting grass sieve 126, which is placed obliquely between the lifting pipe 36 and the bag-into bag 50. The grass is separated by the inclination of the sieve and the vibration of the engine to the whole machine.
图 45 、 51 、 52 示出了一种极为简单的尾气清选装置 127 , 该装置具有与吹运管 408连通而过流面积相对扩大的清 逸流道 128 , 进入清选流道 128的带粒气流减速至粮粒的悬浮 速度 （约 7 米 /秒） 以下使粮粒沉降并经斜面 129 滑入入袋管 50 (或卸粮管） ， 而轻杂物继续悬浮被气流带入排杂管 130直 至排出机外或排入拾杂箱。 为了提高清选效果， 还可在清选流 道中设置百叶滑板 131 , 该百叶滑板 131的上斜面面迎来流方 向， 其排列间距和斜面的坡度至少可让粮食粒顺利滑下。  Figures 45, 51, and 52 show a very simple exhaust gas cleaning device 127, which has a clear flow channel 128 that communicates with the blowing pipe 408 and the flow area is relatively enlarged, and the pellets entering the cleaning flow channel 128 The air flow decelerates to the suspending speed of the grain (about 7 m / s). The grain is settled and slid into the bag tube 50 (or the grain discharge tube) via the inclined plane 129, while the light debris continues to be suspended and is carried by the air flow into the waste pipe. 130 until discharged out of the machine or into the miscellaneous box. In order to improve the cleaning effect, a louver slide 131 may also be provided in the cleaning flow path. The upper slope surface of the louver slide 131 ushers in the flow direction, and the arrangement interval and the slope of the slope can at least allow the grains to smoothly slide down.
根据上迷扩管减速沉降原理， 还可采用如下尾气清选方 式： According to the principle of deceleration and settlement of the expanded pipe, the following exhaust gas cleaning methods can also be used Formula:
( 1 ) 如图 57所示， 吹运管 408上端口的相对扩大的清 选流道 128的上部有一曲面 132 , 它可使随气流减速的粮粒向 下反射迅速落入出粮管 50 ， 而轻杂物继续悬浮被气流带入排 杂管 130。  (1) As shown in FIG. 57, the upper part of the relatively enlarged cleaning flow path 128 of the port on the blowing pipe 408 has a curved surface 132, which can make the grains that are decelerated with the air flow reflect downward and fall quickly into the grain output pipe 50. The light debris continues to be suspended and is carried by the airflow into the dust removal pipe 130.
( 2 ) 如图 58所示， 在吹运管 408上端口的近上方有一 枣核形的内壳 132， 内壳与外壳 133由筋骨固定在吹运管 408 上， 内、 外壳之间构成横断面为环形且截面积渐扩的清选流道 128， 随气流进入清选流道 128的粮粒减速沉降经外壳 133下 端与吹运管 408之间的环形出粮管 134落入斜槽 135 , 而进入 存粮装置， 而轻杂物仍随减速气流上行经排杂管 130 排出机 外。  (2) As shown in FIG. 58, a jujube-shaped inner shell 132 is located near the upper port of the blowing pipe 408. The inner shell and the outer shell 133 are fixed to the blowing pipe 408 by bones and bones, and a cross section is formed between the inner and outer shells. The cleaning flow channel 128 having a circular shape and a gradually enlarged cross-sectional area, the grains entering the cleaning flow channel 128 decelerate and settle with the airflow, and fall into the chute 135 through the annular grain outlet pipe 134 between the lower end of the casing 133 and the blowing pipe 408 While entering the grain storage device, the light debris still goes up with the decelerating airflow and is discharged out of the machine through the waste pipe 130.
( 3 ) 如图 59所示， 其吹气管 408连通过流面积扩大的 清选流道 128 , 清选流道 128的下表面 136倾斜可使沉降的粮 粒滑入出粮管 50 , 而轻杂物随减速气流经排杂管 130排出机 外。  (3) As shown in FIG. 59, the blowing pipe 408 is connected to the cleaning flow path 128 with an enlarged flow area. The lower surface 136 of the cleaning flow path 128 is inclined so that the settled grains can slide into the grain output pipe 50, and the impurities are light. With the decelerated airflow, the object is discharged out of the machine through the impurity discharge pipe 130.
在上述图 57至图 59所示的三种尾气清选装置中， 为防止 轻杂物沉降或粮粒被吹至排杂管， 最好在吹运管 408的出口与 出粮管 50的进口之间设有只允许气流和粮粒通过的过流网 137 或还在清洗流道 128 或其附近排杂管 130 的外壳上设有泄气 口， 该泄气口有只透气而不能让谷物通过的栅栏 138和具有一 定重力或弹力的堵气板 139， 堵气板 139铰接在清选流道 128 或排杂管 130的外壳上， 当清选流道 128内的气压过高时， 堵 气板 139被气流推开而放气， 也可由人工调节堵气板的开度。  In the above-mentioned three types of exhaust gas cleaning devices shown in FIG. 57 to FIG. 59, in order to prevent light impurities from being settled or grains being blown to the exhaust pipe, it is preferable to exit the blowing pipe 408 and the inlet of the grain output pipe 50 There is an over-flow net 137 between the air flow and the grain, or there is an air vent on the shell of the cleaning flow path 128 or the exhaust pipe 130 nearby. The air vent is only vented and does not allow the grain to pass through. The fence 138 and the air blocking plate 139 with a certain gravity or elastic force, the air blocking plate 139 is hinged on the shell of the clearing channel 128 or the drain pipe 130. When the air pressure in the clearing channel 128 is too high, the air blocking plate 139 139 is pushed out by the airflow to deflate, and the opening degree of the air blocking plate can also be adjusted manually.
为使收获机在对过熟作物进行作业或高效作业时也能获 得纯净的粮粒， 可在谷杂分离或清选装置中增设复脱装置。  In order to make the harvester obtain pure grains when operating over-ripe crops or efficiently, a re-separation device can be added to the grain separation or cleaning device.
图 41或 43、 45、 47各示出了一种可用于脱粒装置直接 把杂草排出机外或还可复脱的排杂机构， 该机构在防溅罩 49 内位于钩齿滚筒 1 (或环带式脱粒器） 的后方设有可拦截导粒 通道 317中的杂物而又可让谷粒通过的拦杂筛 143， 被拦杂筛 拦截的杂物可采用以下方式排出机外； （ 1 ) 、 如图 41 、 43 所示， 拦杂筛 143的下部靠近钩齿滚筒 1的后下部一直延伸至 钩齿滚筒入秆工作面的下方， 借助钩齿滚筒 1上的击齿把被拦 杂筛 143拦截的杂草甩向地面； （ 2 ) 、 如图 45所示， 在钩 齿滚筒 1的后方横置一个用以排杂和复脱的小脱粒滚筒 141和 与其配套的凹板筛 142 , 凹板筛 142的后周边与拦杂筛 143的 下边相接， 其前周边有一靠近钩齿滚筒 1后下部一直延伸至钩 齿滚筒入秆工作面下方的排杂筛 180与之相接， 杂余沿拦杂筛 143落入小滚筒 141 与凹板筛 142的间隙中经复脱后其杂草被 小滚筒 141抛向钩齿滚筒 1 , 钩齿滚筒 1继而把杂草沿排杂筛 180甩向地面； （ 3 ) 如图 47所示， 将上述排杂筛 180省去， 而将凹板筛 142的前周面延伸至既可接纳下落的杂余又不能使 杂草被抛向钩齿滚筒 1的适当包络长度， 小滚筒 141的脱粒击 齿可螺旋斜向安装或呈螺旋导板，沿拦杂筛 143落入小滚筒 141 与四板筛 142间隙的杂余经复脱后其杂草被螺旋的轴推力排出 机外。 以上结构也适用于双轴脱粒器， 其中小脱粒滚筒 141还 可兼作如前所述的横挡物使斜交式钩齿滚筒对较高禾秆实现 预先脱粒和取代脱粒器脱粒高度的调节机构。 Figures 41 or 43, 45, 47 each show a waste removal mechanism that can be used in a threshing device to directly discharge weeds out of the machine or can be detached again. Inside is located behind the hook roller 1 (or endless belt thresher) is a sieve 143 that can intercept the debris in the particle guide channel 317 and allow the grains to pass through. (1) As shown in Figures 41 and 43, the lower part of the sieve 143 is close to the rear lower part of the hook roller 1 until it is under the working surface of the hook roller into the stalk. With the help of the hook roller The hitting teeth on 1 throw the weeds intercepted by the trash sieve 143 toward the ground; (2) As shown in FIG. 45, a small threshing roller is arranged horizontally behind the hook-toothed roller 1 for the purpose of removing and retreating. 141 and its matching concave plate screen 142, the rear periphery of the concave plate screen 142 is connected to the lower side of the sieve 143, and the front periphery is close to the back of the hook roller 1 and extends to the lower surface of the hook roller into the stalk working surface. The weeding sieve 180 is connected to it, and the debris is dropped into the gap between the small roller 141 and the concave plate 142 along the impurity sieve 143 and the weeds are thrown by the small roller 141 to the hook roller 1 after being removed. 1 and then weeds are thrown to the ground along the sieve 180; (3) as shown in FIG. 47, the sieve 180 is omitted, The front peripheral surface of the concave plate screen 142 is extended to a suitable envelope length that can accept falling debris without being thrown to the hook drum 1. The threshing teeth of the small drum 141 can be installed spirally obliquely or The spiral guide plate, along with the debris sieve 143 falling into the gap between the small drum 141 and the four-plate sieve 142, is repeatedly removed from the machine by the spiral shaft thrust. The above structure is also suitable for a dual-axis thresher, where the small threshing drum 141 can also double as a crossbar as described above, so that the diagonal hook-type drum can realize threshing of taller straw in advance and replace the threshing gear threshing height adjustment mechanism. .
图 52和图 62示出一种在容积式粮杂分离器 39的内腔中 增设复脱器的兼用结构， 其兼用方式是在分离器的壳体 140内 横置一个可定轴转动的紋杆式或击齿式复脱滚筒 141 , 在复脱 滚筒 141的下方设有凹板筛 142 , 为使粮杂分离而且只对杂余 进入复脱， 在凹板筛 142—側的上方还可设有与其相接的拦杂 筛 143， 由吸运管 38吸送的谷物经弯管 144进入复脱滚筒 141 的上方， 由于分离器壳体 140 的内腔过流面积增大和惯性作 用，谷物在沉降的过程中继续向前运动，其籽粒穿过拦杂筛 143 落入给粮管 501 ,而杂余则被截留而落入复脱器，复脱滚筒 141 按箭头所示方向旋转， 杂余被卷入复脱滚筒 141 与凹板篩 142 之间的脱粒间隙，被脱下的籽粒穿过 tt?板筛 142落入给粮管 501 与未经复脱的粮粒汇合经单向阀 407或叶轮式闭风器注入吹运 管 408， 而杂草则从脱粒间隙排出被吸运气流带入风机 406。 52 and 62 show a dual-purpose structure in which a rejuvenator is added to the inner cavity of the volumetric grain separator 39. The dual-purpose structure is a horizontally rotatable pattern in the shell 140 of the separator. A rod or percussion type double-removing drum 141 is provided with a concave plate 142 under the double-removing drum 141. There is a sieve 143 connected to it, and the grain sucked by the suction pipe 38 enters the doubling drum 141 through the curved pipe 144. Due to the increased flow area of the inner cavity of the separator shell 140 and the inertia effect, the grain Continue to move forward during settling, and its grains pass through the sieve 143 It fell into the feed tube 501, and the debris was trapped and fell into the compounder. The compounder roller 141 was rotated in the direction shown by the arrow, and the compound was drawn into the threshing gap between the compounder roller 141 and the concave screen 142. The removed grains pass through the tt? Sieve 142 and fall into the feed pipe 501 and merge with the unreduced grains through the check valve 407 or the impeller type air blower into the blowing pipe 408, and the weeds are removed from The threshing gap is discharged into the fan 406 by the suction airflow.
图 63是在容积式分离器的内腔中增设复脱器的另一种兼 用结构， 其工作原理与上述方式基本相同， 区别在于它是轴流 式的， 由气流输送的谷物经复脱滚筒 141前段的螺旋齿 146及 W板筛 142前段的栅格筛 148把籽粒与杂余分离， 并把杂佘推 往复脱滚筒 141与凹板筛 142及螺旋导板 147构成的脱粒间隙 中， 复脱后的杂草从复脱滚筒 141的另一端排出， 并与从栅格 筛 148 和从凹板筛 142 分离出来的籽粒重新汇合落入给粮管 501。  Fig. 63 is another dual-purpose structure in which a re-isolator is added to the inner cavity of the volumetric separator. The working principle is basically the same as the above method, except that it is an axial-flow type. Spiral teeth 146 in front of 141 and grid sieve 148 in front of W-plate sieve 142 separate the grains from the debris, and push the reciprocating threshing drum 141 to the threshing gap formed by the concave screen 142 and the spiral guide 147. The subsequent weeds are discharged from the other end of the double drum 141, and re-merge with the grains separated from the grid screen 148 and the concave plate screen 142 and fall into the grain feeding pipe 501.
上述拦杂筛 143最好采用如图 64、 图 65所示结构， 其筛 条 149均匀间隔垂直或倾斜向下悬伸， 多排筛条逐排后置， 以 免挂草。  The above sieve sieve 143 preferably adopts the structure shown in Fig. 64 and Fig. 65, and the sieve bars 149 of the sieve bars 149 are suspended vertically or obliquely downward at regular intervals, and multiple rows of sieve bars are arranged one after the other to avoid hanging grass.
图 60示出了一种可与各式输送装置配套使用的复脱清选 装置。 该装置在清粮室 150的上方有一橫置的复脱器， 复脱器 的复脱滚筒 141可以是紋杆式的或击齿式的， 设置在由上半部 的螺旋导板 147和下部的凹板筛 142 所围成的圆筒形内腔中。 圆筒形内腔的一端与来粮管 501连通， 另一端与排杂口 130连 通。 从来粮管 501进入内腔的谷物在复脱过程中其粮粒从凹板 筛 142穿过落入清粮室 150， 而杂草在复脱滚筒 141与螺旋导 板 147的作用下作轴向移动而从排杂口 130排出。 进入清粮室 150的粮粒受到风扇 151的偏吹使轻杂物从排杂口 130排出机 外， 经清选后的干净粮粒则落入下方的橫集搅龙 164而被送往 存粮装置。  Fig. 60 shows a double-strip cleaning device which can be used in combination with various conveying devices. The device has a horizontal stripper above the grain clearing chamber 150. The stripper drum 141 of the stripper may be of a bar-type or tooth-type type, and is arranged on the upper half of the spiral guide plate 147 and the lower section. In the cylindrical inner cavity surrounded by the concave plate screen 142. One end of the cylindrical inner cavity is in communication with the incoming grain tube 501, and the other end is in communication with the drain hole 130. Grains from the grain tube 501 into the inner cavity pass through the concave plate screen 142 and fall into the clearing room 150 during the compounding process, and the weeds move axially under the action of the compounding roller 141 and the spiral guide plate 147 Then, it is discharged from the drain hole 130. The grains entering the grain clearing room 150 are biased by the fan 151 and the light debris is discharged out of the machine from the waste discharge port 130. The cleaned grains after the selection fall into the horizontal set agitating dragon 164 below and are sent to the grain storage. Device.
图 61 示出另一种可与各式输送装置配套使用的复脱清选 装置。 该装置的复脱与清选部分与图 60 所示结构相同， 其区 别在于在复脱器的上方另有一个斜置的圆筒筛 152， 此圆筒筛 可以转动， 其较高的一端与来粮管 501 的圆形管口 153 套接， 较低的一端经给杂槽 154与复脱器的入杂口连通。 作业时， 从 来粮管 501进入圓筒筛 152内的谷物在圓筒适当转速的翻动下 把粮粒与杂余分离， 被分离出来的粮粒落入清粮室 150， 而杂 余则从圓筒筛 152的低端经给杂槽 154进入复脱器， 经复脱器 复脱出来的粮粒穿过凹板筛 142同样落入清粮室 150。 所述清 粮室 150 的结构及工作流程可与图 60 所示复脱清选装置相 同。 Fig. 61 shows another type of double cleaning which can be used with various conveying devices. Device. The resetting and cleaning part of the device has the same structure as that shown in Fig. 60. The difference is that there is an inclined cylindrical screen 152 above the retort. This cylindrical screen can be rotated, and its higher end is connected with The round nozzle 153 of the incoming grain tube 501 is sleeved, and the lower end communicates with the inlet of the rejuvenator through the feed slot 154. During operation, the grains entering the cylindrical sieve 152 from the grain tube 501 are separated from the grains by the turning of the cylinder at an appropriate rotation speed. The separated grains fall into the clearing room 150, and the grains are removed from the round. The lower end of the sieve 152 enters the compounder through the miscellaneous trough 154, and the grains reconstituted by the compounder pass through the concave plate 142 and fall into the grain cleaning chamber 150. The structure and work flow of the grain cleaning room 150 may be the same as the double-separation cleaning device shown in FIG. 60.
图 49和图 50所示复脱清选装置也可与各式输送装置配套 使用。 该装置在清粮室 150的上方有一由曲柄连杆机构 176带 动的下吊式谷杂分离筛 177， 其一端位于与输送装置的来粮管 相接的入粮口 501的下方， 另一端位于由复脱滚筒 141 与四板 筛 142組成的复脱器上方， 凹板筛 142的后上方有与其相接的 滑板 178， 从入粮口 501 落在分离筛 177上的谷物被分离后其 籽粒直接下落， 而杂余则从分离筛 177的尾端经滑板 178进入 复脱器， 风扇 151的风流从复脱器的上、 下两空间通过， 沿箭 头所示方向旋转的复脱滚筒 141使从脱粒间隙出来的杂余向上 拋扬， 已脱完粒的轻杂物被风流吹往排杂口 130 而排出机外， 而尚未完全脱粒的杂余因比重较大不能随风飘移过远而经滑 板 178 再次进入复脱器， 如此循环直至完全脱粒排出机外为 止。 调节偏风板 179， 可使杂余获得适合的循环复脱次数。 被 复脱器脱出的粮粒和从分离筛 177分离出来的粮粒经清选后落 入横集搅龙 163被输往后继的输送装置或被输往存粮装置， 而 轨杂物从排杂口 130排出机外。  The multiple de-cleaning device shown in Fig. 49 and Fig. 50 can also be used in combination with various conveying devices. The device has a suspended grain separation screen 177 driven by a crank connecting rod mechanism 176 above the grain cleaning chamber 150. One end of the device is located below the grain inlet 501 connected to the grain inlet pipe of the conveying device, and the other end is located Above the eliminator composed of the double-removing drum 141 and the four-plate sieve 142, there is a sliding plate 178 connected to the upper and lower back of the concave sieve 142, and the grains falling on the separation screen 177 from the grain inlet 501 are separated and their grains are separated. It falls directly, and the debris enters the rejuvenator from the tail end of the separation screen 177 through the slide plate 178. The air flow of the fan 151 passes through the upper and lower spaces of the rejuvenator, and the retort drum 141 rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow makes The debris from the threshing gap is thrown upward, and the light debris that has been threshed is blown out of the machine by the air current to the dust outlet 130. The proportion of the debris that has not been completely threshed cannot be moved with the wind due to its large proportion. Re-enter the rejuvenator via the slide 178, and circulate in this way until the thresher is completely discharged from the machine. Adjusting the deflector 179 can make the sundries obtain a suitable number of recirculation cycles. The grains separated by the doubler and the grains separated from the separation screen 177 fall into the horizontal set auger 163 after being separated, and are sent to the subsequent conveying device or to the grain storage device, and the track debris is discharged from the debris. The port 130 is discharged out of the machine.
(九） 具有纵置脱粒器的脱粒装置  (9) Thresher with vertical thresher
所述脱粒装置也可以采用另一种结构形式。 如图 66 至图 68所示，该式脱粒装置包括脱粒器，分未器 319和^溅罩 200。 脱粒器宜采用如上所述的滚筒式脱粒器即钩齿滚筒 1， 将其经 基本与前进方向平行的轴 199单个或多个橫向间隔排列地纵置 在高度不变或可调节的支架上， 钩齿滚筒 1的直径及工作高度 可使禾秆的穗部置于其上部脱粒区， 其入秆工作面 17 可接触 原生禾秆的腰部。 分禾器 319为前端尖且至少两側有斜棱或斜 面的锥体， 间隔排列分设在每一个钩齿滚筒 1的前方和脱粒装 置靠近钩齿滚筒入秆工作面 17—側的前方。 防溅罩 200是具 有每一个脱粒器围罩空间 197的壳体， 其前面有与分禾器 319 的排列间隙相衔接的高于作物的入秆口 196 ,每一围罩空间 197 中位于钩齿滚筒入秆工作面 17—側的側罩面 195与钩齿 18齿 顶之间的间隙宜小， 主要由齿高和齿间构成的空隙与地面相 通， 另一側与其下方用以把谷粒导入横置搅龙 28 的纵置溜槽 194相通。 为使被收原生禾秆顺利地进入和通过钩齿滚筒 1 的 工作齿区并获得良好的脱粒效果， 防溅罩 200的前面可全方位 敞开或使其前罩面 193具有与分禾器 319相适应的向前渐扩的 斜面 192 , 钩齿滚筒上的钩齿 18 可采用螺旋线间隔分布， 以 利于禾秆沿其轴向移动。 工作时， 整机的前进使相对后移的原 生禾秆 20在分禾器 319和前罩面的斜面 192 的分理导向作用 下向入秆口 196靠拢并进入钩齿滚筒的入秆工作面齿区， 钩齿 滚筒相对于禾秆 20 向上运转使其弯曲而把穗部钩引至上部脱 粒区 191进行脱粒， 被脱下的谷粒经防溅罩 200、 溜槽 194和 搅龙 28 输往后续输送装置， 而被脱完粒的禾秆原蔸退离脱粒 装置。 为使钩齿滚筒的工作高度能够适应对较矮作物的作业要 求， 溜槽 194也可由纵置的搅龙取代。 该纵置式脱粒装置因其 可使被收原生禾秆在脱粒过程中沿轴向移动增加了脱粒时间 并保持哏入长度不变， 从而能够提高收获机的前进速度和有利 减少粮粒损失。 (十） 稻麦秸秆的处理 The threshing device may also adopt another structural form. See Figure 66 to Figure As shown in 68, the threshing device includes a thresher, a separator 319, and a splash cover 200. The threshing machine preferably adopts the above-mentioned drum-type threshing machine, that is, the hook-toothed drum 1, which is vertically or horizontally spaced on a fixed or adjustable bracket through a shaft 199 which is substantially parallel to the advancing direction. The diameter and working height of the hook-toothed drum 1 enable the ear of the straw to be placed in the upper threshing zone, and the working surface 17 of the straw can contact the waist of the native straw. The divider 319 is a cone with a sharp front end and at least two sides with oblique edges or bevels, which are arranged at intervals in front of each hook-toothed drum 1 and the threshing device is near the 17-side of the hook-toothed stalk working surface. The splash guard 200 is a shell having each threshing shroud space 197. The front of the shatter-resistant shroud 200 is above the crop inlet 196 which is connected with the arrangement gap of the divider 319. Each shroud space 197 is located on the hook. The gap between the side cover surface 195 on the 17th side of the tooth roller working surface and the tooth top of the hook tooth 18 should be small. The gap mainly formed by the tooth height and between the teeth communicates with the ground. The vertical chute 194 in which the grains are introduced into the horizontal auger 28 communicates with each other. In order to allow the collected native straw to smoothly enter and pass through the working tooth area of the hook drum 1 and obtain a good threshing effect, the front of the splash cover 200 can be opened in all directions or the front cover 193 of the splash cover 200 can be connected with the divider 319. The sloping surface 192 correspondingly widens forward, and the hook teeth 18 on the hook roller can be spaced by spirals to facilitate the movement of the straw along its axial direction. During operation, the advancement of the whole machine causes the relatively backward-moving native straw 20 to move closer to the straw inlet 196 and enter the straw inlet working surface of the hook-toothed drum under the decoupling guidance of the divider 319 and the inclined surface 192 of the front cover. In the tooth area, the hook-tooth roller is rotated upward relative to the straw 20 to bend it, and the ear hook is led to the upper threshing area 191 for threshing. The removed grains are sent to the splash guard 200, the chute 194 and the stirrer 28. The subsequent conveying device retreats the threshing raw straw from the threshing device. In order to adapt the working height of the hook-toothed drum to the requirements of shorter crops, the chute 194 may also be replaced by a vertical auger. The vertical threshing device can increase the threshing time and keep the plunging length unchanged because the original native straw can be moved in the axial direction during the threshing process, so that the forward speed of the harvester can be improved and the loss of grains can be reduced. (10) Treatment of rice and wheat straw
除有特殊用途之外， 稻麦秸秆直接还田做肥成本最低而肥 效最高， 不失为最理想的处理办法。 但传统的割秆脱粒再秸秆 还田的农艺方法存在秸秆铺放不匀， 容易浮动和缠挂翠具等缺 点， 对翻耕耙滚带来诸多麻烦。 原生脱粒收获后的稻麦秸秆将 其依然原蔸均 地留在田地上正好为克服上述弊端提供了极 为有利的条件。 较为简易的办法如可在畜力犁或机耕犁稍前于 犁铧的部位设一宽于耕幅的压梳， 翠耕时便可使均匀分布的原 蔸秸秆顺着翠耕的前进方向仗貼在地面上而被可靠地翻耕覆 盖。 当然也可以采用压板或压滚等方式。  In addition to special uses, returning rice and wheat straw directly to the field to make fertilizer has the lowest cost and the highest fertilizer efficiency, which is the ideal treatment method. However, the traditional agronomic method of cutting and threshing the stalks and returning them to the field has disadvantages such as uneven spread of the stalks, easy floating and entanglement of the jade, which brings a lot of trouble to plowing and raking. After the original threshing and harvesting of rice and wheat stalks, they are left on the field evenly, which provides extremely favorable conditions for overcoming the above disadvantages. A relatively simple method, for example, a comb with a wider width than the ploughing line can be set at the position of the animal plough or machine plough just before the ploughshare. During the ploughing, the uniformly distributed raw stalks can be attached to the ploughing direction of the plough. Covered on the ground with reliable tillage. Of course, it is also possible to use a pressure plate or a roller.
如需割下秸秆， 该机可在脱粒装置的后下方加设切割装 置， 加图 52所示， 其割刀 181 , 设置在距离脱粒装置后部大 于禾犴长度的位置上， 其割下的秸秆由设置在割刀 181后上方 的橫向输送带 182输送至收割机的一側铺放在地面上。  If the straw needs to be cut, the machine can be equipped with a cutting device at the bottom and rear of the threshing device. As shown in FIG. 52, its cutting blade 181 is set at a position that is greater than the length of the grasshopper from the rear of the threshing device. The straw is conveyed to the side of the harvester by a horizontal conveyor belt 182 provided behind the cutter 181 and laid on the ground.
另外， 为使本发明的原生脱粒稻麦收获机能够适应实行套 种的作物地块收获稻麦而又不伤害其他作物， 其脱粒装置中的 原生脱粒器可根据规范的套种间距分段间隔并列橫置， 并使其 行走装置的着地位置与之相协调。  In addition, in order to enable the native threshing rice and wheat harvester of the present invention to adapt to interplanting crop plots to harvest rice and wheat without harming other crops, the native thresher in the threshing device can be spaced side by side according to the standard interplanting interval And coordinate the landing position of the walking device with it.

Claims

权 利 要 求 Rights request
1. 一种稻麦原生脱粒器， 它至少可经其轴横置于其稻麦原生 收获机的脱粒装置的前下部的防溅罩内来使用， 该脱粒器具有众 多脱粒击齿（简称为击齿）和可被驱动并携带击齿随着或绕基本 水平的单根轴或多根平行轴作环周运动的载体， 击齿固定在有一 定轴向宽度的载体的外周面上并向外伸出一定长度； 载体外周面
Figure imgf000051_0001
1. A rice and wheat native thresher, which can be used at least through its shaft placed in the splash guard of the front lower part of the threshing device of its rice and wheat native harvester. The thresher has a number of threshing teeth (referred to as (Hitting teeth) and a carrier that can be driven and carry the hitting teeth to move around or around a substantially horizontal single axis or multiple parallel axes, and the hitting teeth are fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the carrier with a certain axial width and facing Projecting a certain length; the outer peripheral surface of the carrier
Figure imgf000051_0001
面是孤形面，环周运动的工作运行方向使得处在弧形入秆工作面 上的击齿向上运动； 其特征是： 所述众多击齿全部或部分是钩 齿， 钩齿的齿体上在其工作运动方向的至少一側具有至少一个具 有一定側向几何分量的突起或伸出的部分， 简称为突伸部分或突 伸， 离载体较运的突伸称为外层突伸； 钩齿及其突伸 （尤其外层 突伸） 的外廍形态及其空间分布的原则是： 钩齿的齿体之间具有 若干周向或基本周向相通的存秆空间， 也称为存秆通道； 每个存 秆通道的外周至少具有钩齿的外层突伸， 外层突伸轨迹环内的存 秆通道的可存秆的有效横截面积的大小至少可容纳在收获中该 进入而尚未退离的全部暂存原生禾秆；钩齿齿顶的轴向宽度较小 以利于引导其齿体***原生禾秆丛隙； 至少側向几何分量较大的 外层突伸上靠近其自身轨迹环外的棱或面形成齿坡， 齿坡棱面的 倾向和坡度可使得在工作中弹压其上的原生禾秆易于由齿顶方 滑入存秆通道； 至少外层突伸上靠近其自身轨迹环内的棱或面形 成齿钩， 齿钩棱面的倾向和坡度使齿钩至少在其相应的工作线速 度下能向存秆通道内钩压已进入存秆通道的原生禾秆； 每一突伸
Figure imgf000051_0002
The surface is a solitary surface, and the working running direction of the circular motion makes the striking teeth on the working surface of the arc-shaped stalk move upward; it is characterized in that the plurality of striking teeth are all or part of hook teeth, and the tooth body of the hook teeth There is at least one protrusion or protruding portion with a certain lateral geometric component on at least one side of its working movement direction, referred to as a protruding portion or protrusion, and a protrusion that is more away from the carrier is called an outer protrusion; The principle of the lemma and its spatial distribution of the hook teeth and their protrusions (especially the outer protrusions) are: The teeth of the hook teeth have a number of circumferential or substantially circumferential stalk storage spaces, also known as storage Stalk channel; the outer periphery of each stalk channel has at least a hook-shaped outer layer protrusion, and the effective cross-sectional area of the stalk that can be stored in the stalk channel in the outer layer protrusion track ring can at least accommodate the entrance during harvest And all the temporary native straws that have not yet retreated; the axial width of the hook tooth top is small to facilitate the introduction of their teeth into the native straw tussock; at least the outer layer with a large lateral geometric component protrudes close to it Tooth slopes are formed on the edges or faces outside the self-trajectory ring, The tendency and slope of the slope of the tooth slope can make the native straw that springs on it easy to slide from the top of the tooth into the stem channel; at least the outer layer protrudes on the edge or surface near its own track ring to form a hook. , The tendency and slope of the hook surface can enable the hook to press the original straw that has entered the stalk channel into the stalk channel at least at its corresponding working line speed; each protrusion
Figure imgf000051_0002
的入秆间隔， 而至少每个外层突伸与其相邻齿体之间的入秆间隔 的适当大小与钩齿的工作线速度及脱粒器的主要相关几何参数 相互配合， 或者该入秆间隔的有效宽度还可在工作中自动调节以 既能保证该入秆间隔在工作中入秆通畅， 又能保证凡已进入存秆 通道的原生禾秆至少可受到外层突伸的齿钩棱面的相继钩压而 使禾秆上部随齿钩的环周运动的轨迹弯曲而使禾秆穗部被齿钩 控制在载体的较上部 （包括最上部及后上部）脱粒区的存秆通道 中受击脱粒或首先在横置的脱粒器的后方或上方的附加脱粒件 上脱粒、 And the appropriate size of the stalk interval between at least each outer protrusion and its adjacent tooth body is matched with the working linear speed of the hook teeth and the main relevant geometric parameters of the thresher, or the stalk interval The effective width can also be adjusted automatically during work to It can ensure that the stalk-feeding interval is smooth during stalk-feeding, and it can also ensure that the original stalks that have entered the stalk-passage can be at least successively pressed by the protruding hook surface of the outer layer to make the upper part of the stalk follow the teeth. The trajectory of the loop movement of the hook is curved, so that the ear of the straw is controlled by the hook in the upper part of the carrier (including the uppermost part and the rear upper part). Threshing on additional threshers above or above,
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的原生稻麦脱粒器， 其特征是， 当其 击齿工作运动到其载体较上部的脱粒区时，各击齿的至少主要迎 击棱面在其上每点处的倾向与该点处的工作线速度方向的夹角 2. The native rice and wheat thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that, when its teething operation moves to the threshing area of the upper part of its carrier, at least the main striking face of each teeth is at each point on it The angle between the inclination of the
(该夹角称为该点处的迎击角）是较小的锐角， 该较小的锐角则 可与较大的工作线速度配合； 所述迎击棱面在其上某点处的倾向 是光滑迎击棱面在该点的切面的倾向或是非光滑迎击棱面的假 设光滑包络面在该点的切面的倾向。 (The included angle is called the angle of attack at this point) is a smaller acute angle, which can be matched with a larger working line speed; the tendency of the impacting edge to be smooth at a certain point on it The tendency of the tangent face of the face at this point to strike the face or the hypothetical smooth envelope of the face of the face at the point.
3. 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的原生稻麦脱粒器， 其特征是： 其击齿的载体至少可采用滚筒， 固定在滚筒外周面上的钩齿的齿 身是周向或基本周向延长的隔板， 轴向相邻的隔板基本互相平 行、 等距分布， 其突伸固定在隔板上或与隔板连体制成， 隔板之 间是存秆通道。  3. The native rice and wheat thresher according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: at least a roller can be used as a carrier for hitting teeth, and a tooth body of a hook tooth fixed on an outer peripheral surface of the drum is in a circumferential direction or a substantially circumferential direction. For the extended partition, the axially adjacent partitions are basically parallel to each other and are equidistantly distributed. The projections are fixed on the partition or connected with the partition, and there are stalk channels between the partitions.
4. 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的稻麦原生脱粒器， 其特征是， 齿项附近的迎击棱面的所述迎击角较大， 或在齿顶上和 /或在齿 顶附近的迎击棱面上设置有密而小的牙紋用以加强对倾仗禾秆 的扶直理顺作用， 牙紋的锋利程度以在收获作业中不割断禾秆为 限。  4. The rice-wheat native thresher according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the angle of attack near the face of the tooth is large, or the impact is on the tooth tip and / or near the tooth tip Dense and small tooth patterns are arranged on the face to enhance the straightening and straightening effect on the straw, and the sharpness of the tooth patterns is limited to not cutting the straw during harvesting.
5. 一种原生脱粒稻麦收获机， 它包括收获装置、 存粮装置和 驱控部分； 所述收获装置至少具有脱粒装置， 或在脱粒装置与存 粮装置之间还有谷物输送装置； 所述驱控部分具有行走及其转向 装置、 动力传动装置以及操纵机构； 所述存粮装置和 /或驱控部 分是该机专用的或借用配套的； 其特征在于： 所述脱粒装置至少 具有一个如权利要求 1 所述的稻麦原生脱粒器和用以围档溅射 粮粒的防溅罩， 脱粒器的轴橫置或纵置， 其入秆工作面可接触原 生禾犴的腰部， 防溅罩与脫粒器之间有入秆导粒通 ίί， 该通道的 一端有入秆口， 另一端与存粮装置或谷物输送装置连通。 5. A native threshing rice and wheat harvester, comprising a harvesting device, a grain storage device, and a driving control section; the harvesting device has at least a threshing device, or a grain conveying device between the threshing device and the grain storage device; The control part has a walking device, a steering device, a power transmission device, and a control mechanism; the grain storage device and / or the drive control part are dedicated or borrowed from the machine; characterized in that: the threshing device has at least one of the claims 1 The rice and wheat native thresher and the method used for fence sputtering The splash guard of the grain, the shaft of the thresher is placed horizontally or vertically, and the working surface of the stalk can contact the waist of the native hoe. There is a stalk-guiding guide between the splash guard and the thresher. One end of the channel There is a straw inlet, and the other end is in communication with a grain storage device or a grain conveying device.
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的原生脱粒稻麦收获机， 其特征是： 脱粒装置所脱下的粮粒直接归入设置在其后方的存粮箱， 该存粮 箱有取粮口或可横向抽出卸粮。  6. The native threshing rice and wheat harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: the grains removed by the threshing device are directly classified into a grain storage tank disposed behind the grain storage tank, the grain storage tank has a grain extraction port or can be withdrawn laterally Unloading food.
7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的原生脱粒稻麦收获机， 其特征是： 脱粒装置所脱下的粮粒由前低后高的环带式脱粒器直接扬升归 入袋管。  7. The native threshing rice and wheat harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that the grains removed by the threshing device are directly ascended into the bag tube by an annular belt thresher which is low in front and high in back.
8. 根据权利要求 5 所述的原生脱粒稻麦收获机， 其特征是： 至少其行走、 转向装置和存粮装置由具有货箱的运输机械提供， 所述收获装置具有将其脱粒装置所脱下的粮粒输至货箱的谷物 输送装置。  8. The native threshing rice and wheat harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: at least its walking, turning device and grain storage device are provided by a transport machine with a cargo box, and the harvesting device has its threshing device removed Grain conveyor to the grain container.
9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的原生脱粒稻麦收获机， 其特征是： 其驱控机构由可兼用的载货汽车提供， 该汽车车箱底板具有至少 一个可安装粮粒装车管的洞孔。  9. The native threshing rice and wheat harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that: its driving control mechanism is provided by a cargo truck that can also be used, and the floor of the car trunk has at least one hole for installing a grain loading tube. .
10. 根据权利要求 5至 9其中之一所述的原生脱粒稻麦收获 机其特征在于： 在脱粒装置中或在脱粒装置至存粮装置的输送路 径中还设有单一或选择组合的谷草分离复脱及清选装置。  10. The native threshing rice and wheat harvester according to any one of claims 5 to 9, further comprising a single or selected combination of straw separation and compounding in the threshing device or in the conveying path from the threshing device to the grain storage device. Detach and clean device.
PCT/CN1998/000211 1998-03-31 1998-10-06 A thresher for rice and wheat standing in the field and a harvester using the thresher WO1999049720A1 (en)

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CN98107189.9 1998-03-31
CNB981071899A CN1328942C (en) 1997-04-01 1998-03-31 Rice wheat primary thresher and harvester using same

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CN106818072A (en) * 2017-02-23 2017-06-13 金华职业技术学院 A kind of half feeds the anti-blocking reaper thresher of formula
CN106818035A (en) * 2017-02-23 2017-06-13 金华职业技术学院 A kind of half feed combine harvester sheller unit testing stand with swinging notch board
CN107996148A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-05-08 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 One, which cultivates peanut, picks up combining pick-up mechanism
CN108055912A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-22 吉林大学 It is incorgruous to allocate the shake of even stand formula cereal emersion object and throw device
CN108184440A (en) * 2018-01-29 2018-06-22 中国农业大学 A kind of more cut flow roller corn threshing cleaning plants
RU206216U1 (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-08-31 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Агромаш" Mini grain harvesting machine
US20220110261A1 (en) * 2020-10-14 2022-04-14 Deere & Company Cutter implement with curtain

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106818072A (en) * 2017-02-23 2017-06-13 金华职业技术学院 A kind of half feeds the anti-blocking reaper thresher of formula
CN106818035A (en) * 2017-02-23 2017-06-13 金华职业技术学院 A kind of half feed combine harvester sheller unit testing stand with swinging notch board
CN107996148A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-05-08 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 One, which cultivates peanut, picks up combining pick-up mechanism
CN107996148B (en) * 2017-12-15 2023-12-05 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 Peanut is picked up and is jointly gathered mechanism of picking up
CN108055912A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-22 吉林大学 It is incorgruous to allocate the shake of even stand formula cereal emersion object and throw device
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CN108184440A (en) * 2018-01-29 2018-06-22 中国农业大学 A kind of more cut flow roller corn threshing cleaning plants
CN108184440B (en) * 2018-01-29 2023-12-01 中国农业大学 Corn threshing and cleaning device with multiple tangential flow rollers
US20220110261A1 (en) * 2020-10-14 2022-04-14 Deere & Company Cutter implement with curtain
US11771005B2 (en) * 2020-10-14 2023-10-03 Deere & Company Cutter implement with curtain
RU206216U1 (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-08-31 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Агромаш" Mini grain harvesting machine

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