WO1999048363A1 - Utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents - Google Patents

Utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999048363A1
WO1999048363A1 PCT/EP1999/001931 EP9901931W WO9948363A1 WO 1999048363 A1 WO1999048363 A1 WO 1999048363A1 EP 9901931 W EP9901931 W EP 9901931W WO 9948363 A1 WO9948363 A1 WO 9948363A1
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Prior art keywords
quinic acid
test
hours
natural
mosquitoes
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PCT/EP1999/001931
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franz Bencsits
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Biolink Technologies Ag
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Application filed by Biolink Technologies Ag filed Critical Biolink Technologies Ag
Priority to EP99916865A priority Critical patent/EP1065926A1/en
Priority to BR9909152-6A priority patent/BR9909152A/en
Priority to KR1020007010463A priority patent/KR20010034611A/en
Priority to CA002325372A priority patent/CA2325372A1/en
Priority to AU35203/99A priority patent/AU746660B2/en
Priority to JP2000537429A priority patent/JP2002507549A/en
Publication of WO1999048363A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999048363A1/en
Priority to NO20004708A priority patent/NO20004708L/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pest repellent against flying, crawling, stinging, biting and sucking insects and other related types of arthropods (arthropods), such as mites and ticks (Acarina), and arachnids (Arachnida).
  • arthropods such as mites and ticks (Acarina), and arachnids (Arachnida).
  • Such pest repellents are generally also called repellents.
  • Repellents are chemical substances that have a repulsive effect on arthropods affecting humans and animals, particularly insects. Their use is of great practical importance in human and veterinary hygiene, where they protect humans and animals from infestation with blood-sucking, biting or other troublesome arthropods.
  • repellents In the case of repellents to be applied directly to the skin, fur or clothing, it is necessary that they are skin-friendly, non-toxic, in particular non-absorbable, sweat and light-fast and cosmetically perfect.
  • the protection of the treated areas should last as long as possible and the spectrum of activity of the repellents should be as broad as possible, i.e. they should work against as many pests and nuisances as possible.
  • repellents and their benefits can easily be explained solely from the fact that, statistically speaking, a human being dies from the consequences of a mosquito bite every thirty seconds worldwide and the number and extent of all other sequelae of pest attacks on humans and animals are inconceivable stay. Therefore, only the transmission of dangerous diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and filariasis should be referred to as a causal factor for the benefits of repellents. All of the repellents known to date have the chemical-physical property evaporate more or less quickly at room temperature, whereby two factors are effective for the intensity and duration of their protective action:
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an effective pest repellent based on natural and ⁇ atu ⁇ de ⁇ ter raw materials with the lowest toxicological risk, which also has a high effectiveness over a long period of time.
  • This object is achieved by the use of natural and / or synthetic Quinic acid and / or precursors dissolved thereof.
  • Quinic acid is preferably dissolved in at least one suitable, toxicologically acceptable, natural and / or natural and / or synthetic carrier
  • Natural and / or synthetic quinic acid and / or precursors thereof can be used in humans and animals to ward off creeping, flying, stinging, sucking and disease-carrying diseases, in particular insects and related species
  • the active ingredient used according to the invention is quinic acid (1 R, 3R, 4S, 5R) - (1, 3, 4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane carboxylic acid) with the
  • the molecular weight is 192.17
  • the quinic acid is preferably dissolved in a suitable carrier of natural or synthetic origin, preferably water.
  • the preferred active ingredient content is 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid in the carrier.
  • a content of 5 to 30% by weight of quinic acid is particularly preferred
  • the carrier used according to the invention can also be a mixture of different carriers.
  • the use of a mixture of water with glycols, alcohols or propanediols is preferred.
  • the use of a mixture of 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid in 50 to 99 is particularly preferred , 1% by weight of a mixture of 0.1 to 99 9% by weight of water and 0 1 to 99.9% by weight of the other carrier
  • the quinic acid used is produced by the known processes (leaching and recrystallization) from its natural occurrence in Chinese bark (Cortex Chinae), various types of Chinona (Rubiaceae), coffee beans, sugar beets, meadow hay, gooseberries and blackberries as well as bilberry and cranberry leaves .
  • Quinic acid can also be synthetically produced and used. Precursors of quinic acid can also be used. A preferred precursor is its dehydrated form, the shikimic acid (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid). In the following, all these substances are called quinic acid for the sake of simplicity.
  • 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid and 50 to 99.9% by weight of water, or 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid are dissolved in a mixture of glycerol and water or from 1 , 2-propylene glycol and water.
  • glycerol and water or from 1 , 2-propylene glycol and water.
  • the use of 5 to 30% by weight of quinic acid is particularly preferred.
  • the mixing ratios of the different carriers are as stated above.
  • Quinic acid can also be used in the form of an emulsion, dispersion, lotion, cream, gel or solution.
  • the generally customary preparation methods can be used to produce these forms of use.
  • the usual raw materials and additives can also be used.
  • These base materials and additives include the commonly used solvents, solution accelerators, emulsifiers, solvents, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, salt formers, buffers, gel formers, thickeners, film formers, binders, lubricants, anti-adhesives, flow regulators, humectants or drying agents, fillers and auxiliaries such as antioxidants - tien, preservatives, odor correctors and colorants.
  • emulsion encompasses all disperse systems composed of two or more immiscible liquids, the emulsion partners also being able to be present as solid substances at room temperature. These emulsions can be macro or micro emulsions. Typically, water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions are used. To reduce the interfacial work (work to be done on emulsifying), emulsifiers are used. Emulsifiers are usually surface-active substances , typically with hydrophilic end groups. Typical examples include:
  • anionic emulsifiers i.e. Emulsifiers with carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, polyphosphate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, glucose or polyglucose end groups;
  • cationic emulsifiers i.e. Emulsifiers with amine salt or quaternary ammonium end groups
  • amphoteric and zwitterionic emulsifiers i.e. Emulsifiers with zwitterionic end groups or betaine end groups; such as
  • non-ionic emulsifiers i.e. Emulsifiers with alcohol, polyether, glyceri, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, sucrose, acetic acid and / or lactic acid residues as the end group.
  • All emulsifiers also contain lipophilic end groups such as alkyl or alkenyl residues, each straight-chain, branched or cyclic, and aryl or alkylaryl residues.
  • hydrophilic side groups such as hydroxyl, ester, sulfamide, amide, amine, polyamide, polyamine, ether, polyether, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or sucrose groups can be included.
  • gels encompasses dimensionally stable, easily deformable, liquid-rich systems consisting of at least 2 components. These two components are usually a) a liquid and b) a solid, colloidally distributed substance, such as gelatin, silica, montmorillonite, bentonite, polysaccharides, polyacrylic acid, pectins etc.
  • a completely harmless active ingredient which is produced directly from natural raw materials and is just as harmless, cosmetically and pharmaceutically 6
  • the use according to the invention offers a completely new mode of action. This is not based on a permanent evaporation cloud lying over the skin, which covers the locating receptors for nuisances that are secreted from the skin and is therefore naturally subject to fluctuations in effect that correspond to circumstances.
  • the use of quinic acid according to the invention blocks the formation of receptors on the skin, the fur or overlying clothing independently in a constant, permanent reaction with the starting materials on the skin and also soluble in the solvent of the pesticide, which are permanently formed or released by the body of fluctuations in environmental conditions.
  • These starting materials are, for example, ammonia, lactic and butyric acid, carbon dioxide and certain amino acids (such as cystine and glutamine). So there is no evaporation bell covering these already formed receptors, which prevents nuisances, but their emergence on the skin is prevented and the areas treated with it are thus unattractive for pests.
  • the quinic acid used according to the invention is unable to penetrate the skin. Nor is it a risk factor for health.
  • the pest repellants (I) and (II) were tested on two different people, a product from the market serving as reference (KIK AKTIV - 30% DEET).
  • the right forearm of a test subject was treated on an area of approximately 250 cm 2 with the corresponding test substance - TS (I) or (II). An amount of 2 ml of the corresponding test substance was distributed evenly.
  • the treated forearm area was sealed at both ends with a mosquito-proof adhesive tape and a short plastic tube.
  • the untreated hand was covered with a thick glove and thus also served as a control for the pricking activity of the test animals.
  • the left forearm was also treated with reference product (REF). About 300 to 400 yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), almost exclusively females, were used as experimental animals in a breeding cage of 40x40x40 cm.
  • the number of biting mosquitoes is the decisive factor for the duration of the effect and thus indirectly in the tropics for the risk of infection.
  • the tested substances guarantee protection for over 8 hours.
  • parameters b) and c) there is a certain number of mosquitoes flying and settling down when using the substances used according to the invention; however, these do not sting.
  • a strong repellent effect can therefore be attributed to all tested substances, whereby TEST PRODUCT (I) showed the most effective wrinkle.
  • the extremely low number of mosquitoes approaching and the fact that not a single mosquito has been dismantled shows the superior effect of the use of quinic acid according to the invention with an active substance content of 10% compared to the commercially available reference product with 30% active substance content.
  • the advantage of the prevention of formation of zeptors directly on the skin compared to the coverage of the receptors is particularly clearly shown.
  • the preparation of the test subjects was carried out immediately after the laboratory test.
  • the subjects of the tests against mosquitoes were exposed only from sunset at temperatures of 18 to 28 ° C, relative humidity of 50 to 95% and wind speeds below 1 m / s.
  • the subjects in the brake tests only during the day under the above conditions.
  • Groups of five subjects were formed for each experiment, of which 1 subject served as an untreated control, 2 subjects were treated with TEST PRODUCT (i) and 2 subjects with REFERENCE.
  • the untreated control served as a unit of measurement for the mosquitoes 'or brakes' reluctance to sting or bite and was only exposed for 1 minute each.
  • test carried out 12 times in the cross test also shows that the test product according to the invention has an effect duration which is at least two hours longer than that of the commercially available reference product.
  • a five-day field test was carried out to test the effectiveness of the repellant activity against ticks, as a typical representative of the Acarinae, which is also the most dangerous representative of this genus for humans and animals.
  • Three sheep dogs, male, of approximately the same size and weight, with three dog handlers were provided by an animal shelter, each of whom led the animals for four hours a day in a known tick-contaminated area.
  • 1 dog was marked daily with K (control), TP (I) and REF. Dog and the associated guide were treated with the entire body of the body with approx. 10 ml TEST PRODUCT (I) and REFERENCE.
  • An untreated dog served as a control, whose guide, although vaccinated against TBE, was treated with REFERENCE in order to counter the risk of transmission of Lyme disease through possible tick bites.
  • untreated control a total of 86 ticks were found in the dog on the five test days, including 68 of the genus L. ricinus and 18 R. sanguineus, the individual stages (adults and nymphs) not being distinguished. All ticks survived the 72 hour follow-up.
  • TESTPRODUKT (I) not only has a protection period against ticks of at least 4 hours, but also reliably kills them when they come into contact with the product and is therefore superior to the market-recognized reference in absolute protection against tick bites.
  • Ants (Lasius niger)

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to the utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid (1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane carboxylic acid) and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents.

Description

Verwendung von natürlicher und/oder synthetischer Use of natural and / or synthetic
Chinasäure und/oder Vorläufern davon als SchädlingsabwehrmittelQuinic acid and / or precursors thereof as a pest repellent
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schädlingsabwehrmittel gegen fliegende, kriechende, stechende, beißende und saugende Insekten und andere verwandte Arten von Gliedertieren (Arthropoden), wie Milben und Zecken (Acarina), sowie Spinnentiere (Arachnida). Solche Schädlingsabwehrmittel werden im allgemeinen auch Repellentien genannt.The present invention relates to a pest repellent against flying, crawling, stinging, biting and sucking insects and other related types of arthropods (arthropods), such as mites and ticks (Acarina), and arachnids (Arachnida). Such pest repellents are generally also called repellents.
Repellentien sind chemische Substanzen, die auf Mensch und Tier beeinträchtigende oder belästigende Gliedertiere, insbesondere Insekten, abstoßend wirken. Große praktische Bedeutung hat ihre Anwendung in der Human- und Veterinärhygiene, wo sie Mensch und Tier vor Befall mit blutsaugenden, beißenden oder sonst lästigen Arthropoden schützen. Bei unmittelbar auf Haut, Fell oder Kleidung aufzutragenden Repellentien ist es erforderlich, daß diese hautverträglich, ungiftig, insbesondere nicht resorbierbar, schweiß- und lichtecht und in kosmetischer Hinsicht einwandfrei sind. Außerdem soll der Schutz der behandelten Partien möglichst lange Zeit anhalten und das Wirksamkeitsspektrum der Repellentien möglichst breit sein, d.h. sie sollten gegen möglichst viele Schädlinge und Lästlinge wirken.Repellents are chemical substances that have a repulsive effect on arthropods affecting humans and animals, particularly insects. Their use is of great practical importance in human and veterinary hygiene, where they protect humans and animals from infestation with blood-sucking, biting or other troublesome arthropods. In the case of repellents to be applied directly to the skin, fur or clothing, it is necessary that they are skin-friendly, non-toxic, in particular non-absorbable, sweat and light-fast and cosmetically perfect. In addition, the protection of the treated areas should last as long as possible and the spectrum of activity of the repellents should be as broad as possible, i.e. they should work against as many pests and nuisances as possible.
Die praktische Anwendung von Repellentien und deren Nutzen wird alleine aus der Tatsache heraus leicht erklärbar, daß, statistisch gesehen, weltweit bereits alle dreißig Sekunden ein Mensch an den Folgen eines Mückenstiches stirbt und Anzahl und Ausmaß aller anderen Folgeerscheinungen von Schädlingsattacken an Mensch und Tier zahlenmäßig unerfassbar bleiben. Es sei daher nur auf die Übertragung gefährlicher Krankheiten, wie Malaria, Gelbfieber, Denguefieber und Filariasis, als kausaler Faktor für den Nutzen von Repellentien verwiesen. Allen bisher bekannten Repellentien ist die chemisch-physikalische Eigenschaft bei Raumtemperatur mehr oder weniger schnell zu verdunsten gemeinsam, wobei für Intensität und Dauer ihrer Schutzwirkung im wesentlichen zwei Faktoren wirksam werden:The practical application of repellents and their benefits can easily be explained solely from the fact that, statistically speaking, a human being dies from the consequences of a mosquito bite every thirty seconds worldwide and the number and extent of all other sequelae of pest attacks on humans and animals are inconceivable stay. Therefore, only the transmission of dangerous diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue and filariasis should be referred to as a causal factor for the benefits of repellents. All of the repellents known to date have the chemical-physical property evaporate more or less quickly at room temperature, whereby two factors are effective for the intensity and duration of their protective action:
1. Je leichter flüchtig eine Substanz ist, desto intensiver ist ihre Schutzwirkung besonders kurz nach Auftrag, desto kürzer aber ihre Schutzdauer. Hier sei insbesondere auf die Klasse der etherischen Öle und der diese Öle enthaltenden Naturstoffe verwiesen, wie sie in früheren Zeiten als alleinige Repellentien zur Verfügung standen, wie z.B. Extrakte aus Knoblauch, Pennyroyalöl und dem Saft reifer Tomaten bzw. die etherischen Öle Citronella, Bergamotte, Eukalyptus, Lavendel, Nelke, Muskat, Zimt u.v.a.m.1. The more volatile a substance is, the more intense its protective effect is particularly shortly after application, but the shorter its duration of protection. In particular, reference should be made here to the class of essential oils and the natural substances containing these oils, such as were available as sole repellents in earlier times, e.g. Extracts from garlic, pennyroyal oil and the juice of ripe tomatoes or the essential oils citronella, bergamot, eucalyptus, lavender, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon and much more.
2. Je langsamer die Verdampfung bei Raumtemperatur voπstatten geht, desto langandauernder die Schutzwirkung. Dabei ist aber zu beachten, daß Substanzen, welche nicht in ausreichendem Maße verdampfen, keinen dauerhaften Schutzschild, der störend auf den Lockmechanismus der Lästlinge wirkt, bilden. Diese Substanzen sind als Repellentien schlecht bis gar nicht geeignet.2. The slower the evaporation takes place at room temperature, the longer the protective effect. It should be noted, however, that substances that do not evaporate sufficiently do not form a permanent protective shield that interferes with the locking mechanism of the nuisance. These substances are poorly or not at all suitable as repellents.
So haben sich aus der äußerst umfangreichen Gruppe der repellent wirkenden, synthetischen Substanzen, die im wesentlichen den Stoffklassen der Amide, Alkohole, Ester und Ether zuzuordnen sind, folgende als besonders wirksam gezeigt und sich daher bevorzugt auf dem Markt durchgesetzt: N, N-Diethyl-m-toluamid (DEET), Dimethylphtha- lat (DMP) und Butylacetamido-propionsäure-ethylester (BAP, 3535) und Kombinationen daraus. Andere sind zuwenig wirksam oder aus Gründen massiver toxikologischer Risiken nur mehr vereinzelt auf dem Markt zu finden oder bereits völlig verschwunden. Allerdings verstärken sich seit einiger Zeit die Diskussionen in medizinischen und besonders dermatologischen Fachkreisen über die Verträglichkeit und die toxikologischen Risiken der oben genannten synthetischen Repellentwirkstoffe, da sie auf Grund ihrer Molekularstruktur imstande sind, durch die Haut zu diffundieren, bzw. von dieser resorbiert werden können. Demgemäß liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein wirksames Schadlingsabwehrmittel auf Basis natürlicher und πatuπdeπter Rohstoffe mit geringstem toxikologischem Risiko zur Verfugung zu stellen, das zudem über einen langen Zeitraum eine hohe Wirksamkeit entfaltet Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemaß durch die Verwendung von natürlicher und/oder synthetischer Chinasaure und/oder Vorlaufern davon gelost Bevorzugt wird die Chinasäure in mindestens einem geeigneten, toxikologisch unbedenklichen, natürlichen und/oder natuπdeπten und/oder synthetischen Trager gelostFrom the extremely extensive group of synthetic substances with a repellent effect, which can essentially be assigned to the classes of amides, alcohols, esters and ethers, the following have proven to be particularly effective and are therefore preferred on the market: N, N-diethyl -m-toluamide (DEET), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and ethyl butylacetamido-propionate (BAP, 3535) and combinations thereof. Others are not effective enough or because of massive toxicological risks they can only be found on the market in isolated cases or have already completely disappeared. However, discussions in medical and especially dermatological circles about the tolerance and the toxicological risks of the above-mentioned synthetic repellant active substances have been intensifying since their molecular structure means that they are able to diffuse through the skin or can be absorbed by it. Accordingly, the present invention has for its object to provide an effective pest repellent based on natural and πatuπdeπter raw materials with the lowest toxicological risk, which also has a high effectiveness over a long period of time. This object is achieved by the use of natural and / or synthetic Quinic acid and / or precursors dissolved thereof. Quinic acid is preferably dissolved in at least one suitable, toxicologically acceptable, natural and / or natural and / or synthetic carrier
Natürliche und/oder synthetische Chinasäure und/oder Vorlaufer davon können zur Abwehr von kriechenden, fliegenden, stechenden, saugenden und krankheitsubertrageπ- den Lastlingeπ, insbesondere Insekten und verwandte Arten, bei Menschen und Tieren verwendet werdenNatural and / or synthetic quinic acid and / or precursors thereof can be used in humans and animals to ward off creeping, flying, stinging, sucking and disease-carrying diseases, in particular insects and related species
Der erfindungsgemaß verwendete Wirkstoff ist Chinasaure (1 R, 3R, 4S, 5R) - (1 ,3, 4,5- Tetrahydroxycyclohexancarbonsaure) mit derThe active ingredient used according to the invention is quinic acid (1 R, 3R, 4S, 5R) - (1, 3, 4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane carboxylic acid) with the
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000005_0001
Struktur . ^CCH und der Summeπfomnel C H1206 Structure. ^ CCH and the sumπfomnel CH 12 0 6
;-o;-O
Das Molekulargewicht betragt 192,17The molecular weight is 192.17
Bevorzugt wird die Chinasäure in einem geeigneten Trager naturlicher oder synthetischer Herkunft, vorzugsweise Wasser, gelost. Der bevorzugte Wirkstoffgehalt betragt dabei 0,1 bis 50 Gew -% Chinasaure im Trager Insbesonders bevorzugt ist ein Gehalt von 5 bis 30 Gew -% ChinasäureThe quinic acid is preferably dissolved in a suitable carrier of natural or synthetic origin, preferably water. The preferred active ingredient content is 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid in the carrier. A content of 5 to 30% by weight of quinic acid is particularly preferred
Der erfindungsgemaß eingesetzte Trager kann auch eine Mischung aus verschiedenen Tragern sein Bevorzugt ist dabei die Verwendung einer Mischung aus Wasser mit Gly- ceπn, Alkoholen oder Propandiolen Insbesondere bevorzugt ist die Verwendung einer Mischung von 0,1 bis 50 Gew -% Chinasaure in 50 bis 99,1 Gew -% einer Mischung aus 0,1 bis 99 9 Gew -% Wasser und 0 1 bis 99,9 Gew -% des anderen Tragers Hergestellt wird die verwendete Chinasäure durch die bekannten Verfahren (Auslaugung und Umkristallisation) aus ihren natürlichen Vorkommen in Chinarinde (Cortex Chinae), verschiedenen Chinona-Arten (Rubiaceae), Kaffeebohnen, Zuckerrüben, Wiesenheu, Stachel- und Brombeeren sowie Blättern von Heidel- und Preiselbeere. Ebenso kann Chinasäure synthetisch hergestellt und verwendet werden. Ebenso können Vorläufer der Chinasäure verwendet werden. Ein bevorzugter Vorläufer ist ihre dehydratisierte Form, die Shikimisäure (3, 4, 5-Trihydroxy-1-cyclohexancarbonsäure). Im folgenden werden alle diese Substanzen der Einfachheit halber Chinasäure genannt.The carrier used according to the invention can also be a mixture of different carriers. The use of a mixture of water with glycols, alcohols or propanediols is preferred. The use of a mixture of 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid in 50 to 99 is particularly preferred , 1% by weight of a mixture of 0.1 to 99 9% by weight of water and 0 1 to 99.9% by weight of the other carrier The quinic acid used is produced by the known processes (leaching and recrystallization) from its natural occurrence in Chinese bark (Cortex Chinae), various types of Chinona (Rubiaceae), coffee beans, sugar beets, meadow hay, gooseberries and blackberries as well as bilberry and cranberry leaves . Quinic acid can also be synthetically produced and used. Precursors of quinic acid can also be used. A preferred precursor is its dehydrated form, the shikimic acid (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid). In the following, all these substances are called quinic acid for the sake of simplicity.
In weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsformen werden 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-% Chinasäure und 50 bis 99,9 Gew.-% Wasser, oder 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-% Chinasäure, gelöst in einer Mischung aus Glycerin und Wasser oder aus 1 ,2-Propylenglykol und Wasser, verwendet. Auch hier ist die Verwendung von 5 bis 30 Gew.-% Chinasäure besonders bevorzugt. Die Mischungsverhältnisse der verschiedenen Träger sind wie vorstehend angegeben.In further preferred embodiments, 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid and 50 to 99.9% by weight of water, or 0.1 to 50% by weight of quinic acid, are dissolved in a mixture of glycerol and water or from 1 , 2-propylene glycol and water. Here too, the use of 5 to 30% by weight of quinic acid is particularly preferred. The mixing ratios of the different carriers are as stated above.
Weiterhin kann Chinasäure in Form einer Emulsion, Dispersion, Lotion, Creme, Gel oder Lösung verwendet werden. Zur Herstellung dieser Verwendungsformen können die allgemein üblichen Präparationsverfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Ebenso können dabei die üblichen Grundstoffe und Additive eingesetzt werden. Diese Grundstoffe und Additive umfassen die üblicherweise verwendeten Lösungsmittel, Lösungsbeschleuniger, Emulgatoren, Lösungsmittler, Netzmittler, Antischaummittel, Salzbildner, Puffer, Gelbildner, Verdickungsmittel, Filmbildner, Bindemittel, Gleitmittel, Antiklebmittel, Fließregulierungsmittel, Feuchthalte- bzw. Trockenmittel, Füllstoffe sowie Hilfsstoffe, wie Antioxidan- tien, Konservierungsmittel, Geruchskorrigentien und Färbemittel.Quinic acid can also be used in the form of an emulsion, dispersion, lotion, cream, gel or solution. The generally customary preparation methods can be used to produce these forms of use. The usual raw materials and additives can also be used. These base materials and additives include the commonly used solvents, solution accelerators, emulsifiers, solvents, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, salt formers, buffers, gel formers, thickeners, film formers, binders, lubricants, anti-adhesives, flow regulators, humectants or drying agents, fillers and auxiliaries such as antioxidants - tien, preservatives, odor correctors and colorants.
Der Begriff Emulsion umfaßt alle dispersen Systeme aus zwei oder mehreren miteinander nicht mischbaren Flüssigkeiten, wobei die Emulsionspartner auch als feste Stoffe bei Raumtemperatur vorliegen können. Diese Emulsionen können Makro- oder Mikroemul- sionen sein. Typischerweise werden Wasser-in-ÖI oder Öl-in-Wasser Emulsionen verwendet. Zur Verringerung der Grenzflächenarbeit (aufzuwendende Arbeit zum Emulgieren) werden Emulgatoren verwendet. Emulgatoren sind üblicherweise oberflächenaktive Stoffe, typischerweise mit hydrophilen Endgruppen. Typische Beispiele davon umfassen:The term emulsion encompasses all disperse systems composed of two or more immiscible liquids, the emulsion partners also being able to be present as solid substances at room temperature. These emulsions can be macro or micro emulsions. Typically, water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions are used. To reduce the interfacial work (work to be done on emulsifying), emulsifiers are used. Emulsifiers are usually surface-active substances , typically with hydrophilic end groups. Typical examples include:
a) anionische Emulgatoren, d.h. Emulgatoren mit Carboxylat-, Sulfonat-, Sulfat-, Phosphat-, Polyphosphat-, Lactat-, Citrat-, Tartrat-, Glucose- oder Polyglucose- Endgruppen;a) anionic emulsifiers, i.e. Emulsifiers with carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, polyphosphate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, glucose or polyglucose end groups;
b) kationische Emulgatoren, d.h. Emulgatoren mit Aminsalz- oder quartären Ammonium-Endgruppen;b) cationic emulsifiers, i.e. Emulsifiers with amine salt or quaternary ammonium end groups;
c) amphotere und zwitterionische Emulgatoren, d.h. Emulgatoren mit zwitterionischen Endgruppen oder Betain-Endgruppen; sowiec) amphoteric and zwitterionic emulsifiers, i.e. Emulsifiers with zwitterionic end groups or betaine end groups; such as
d) nicht-ionische Emulgatoren, d.h. Emulgatoren mit Alkohol-, Polyether-, Glyceriπ-, Sorbit-, Pentaerythrit-, Saccharose-, Essigsäure und/oder Milchsäure-Resten als Endgruppe.d) non-ionic emulsifiers, i.e. Emulsifiers with alcohol, polyether, glyceri, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, sucrose, acetic acid and / or lactic acid residues as the end group.
Alle Emulgatoren beinhalten zudem lipophile Endgruppen wie Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste, jeweils gradkettig, verzweigt oder cyclisch, sowie Aryl- oder Alkylaryl-Reste.All emulsifiers also contain lipophilic end groups such as alkyl or alkenyl residues, each straight-chain, branched or cyclic, and aryl or alkylaryl residues.
Weiterhin können hydrophile Seitengruppen wie Hydroxyl-, Ester-, Sulfamid-, Amid-, Amin-, Polyamid-, Polyamin-, Ether-, Polyether-, Glycerin-, Sorbit-, Pentaerythrit oder Saccharose-Gruppen enthalten sein.Furthermore, hydrophilic side groups such as hydroxyl, ester, sulfamide, amide, amine, polyamide, polyamine, ether, polyether, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or sucrose groups can be included.
Der Begriff Gele umfaßt formbeständige, leicht deformierbare, an Flüssigkeiten reiche Systeme aus mindestens 2 Komponenten. Üblicherweise sind diese zwei Komponenten a) eine Flüssigkeit und b) ein fester, kolloid verteilter Stoff, wie Gelatine, Kieselsäure, Montmorillonit, Bentonit, Polysaccharide, Poylacryisäure, Pektine etc.The term gels encompasses dimensionally stable, easily deformable, liquid-rich systems consisting of at least 2 components. These two components are usually a) a liquid and b) a solid, colloidally distributed substance, such as gelatin, silica, montmorillonite, bentonite, polysaccharides, polyacrylic acid, pectins etc.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein völlig unbedenklicher Wirkstoff, der direkt aus natürlichen Grundstoffen hergestellt wird und in ebenso unbedenklichen, kosmetisch und pharma- 6According to the invention, a completely harmless active ingredient, which is produced directly from natural raw materials and is just as harmless, cosmetically and pharmaceutically 6
zeutisch lange bekannten und toxikologisch restlos abgesicherten Lösungsmitteln und Präparationen formulierbar ist, verwendet.well-known and toxicologically fully secured solvents and preparations can be formulated.
Zudem bietet die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung im Gegensatz zu allen anderen, bisher bekannten Substanzen einen völlig neuen Wirkmechanismus. Dieser beruht nicht auf einer dauerhaften, über der Haut liegenden Verdunstungswolke, die die von der Haut abgesonderten Ortungsrezeptoren für Lästlinge überdeckt und dadurch naturgemäß umständeentsprechenden Schwankungen in der Wirkung unterliegen. Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der Chinasäure blockiert in einer konstanten, dauerhaften Reaktion mit den auf der Haut befindlichen und ebenfalls im Lösungsmittel des Schädlingsabwehrmittels löslichen Ausgangsstoffen, die vom Körper permanent gebildet oder abgegeben werden, die Rezeptorenbildung auf der Haut, dem Fell oder darüberliegen- den Kleidungsstücken unabhängig von Schwankungen der Umgebungsumstände. Diese Ausgangsstoffe sind beispielsweise Ammoniak, Milch- und Buttersäure, Kohlendioxid und gewisse Aminosäuren (etwa Cystin und Glutamin). Es wird also keine, diese bereits gebildeten Rezeptoren überdeckende Verdunstungsglocke gebildet, die Lästlinge abhält, sondern es wird bereits deren Entstehung auf der Haut verhindert und so die damit behandelte Flächen für Schädlinge unattraktiv.In addition, in contrast to all other previously known substances, the use according to the invention offers a completely new mode of action. This is not based on a permanent evaporation cloud lying over the skin, which covers the locating receptors for nuisances that are secreted from the skin and is therefore naturally subject to fluctuations in effect that correspond to circumstances. The use of quinic acid according to the invention blocks the formation of receptors on the skin, the fur or overlying clothing independently in a constant, permanent reaction with the starting materials on the skin and also soluble in the solvent of the pesticide, which are permanently formed or released by the body of fluctuations in environmental conditions. These starting materials are, for example, ammonia, lactic and butyric acid, carbon dioxide and certain amino acids (such as cystine and glutamine). So there is no evaporation bell covering these already formed receptors, which prevents nuisances, but their emergence on the skin is prevented and the areas treated with it are thus unattractive for pests.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendete Chinasäure ist auf Grund ihrer chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften nicht imstande, in die Haut zu penetrieren. Ebensowenig stellt sie dadurch einen Risikofaktor für die Gesundheit dar.Because of its chemical and physical properties, the quinic acid used according to the invention is unable to penetrate the skin. Nor is it a risk factor for health.
Die nachstehenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung.The following examples illustrate the invention.
1. Beispiele für Formulierungen für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von Chinasäure1. Examples of formulations for the use of quinic acid according to the invention
TS (I) 10,00 Gew.-% Chinasäure 20,00 Gew.-% Wasser 70,00 Gew.-% 1 , 2, 3-Propantriol (Glycerin) S (II) 5,00 Gew.-% ChinasäureTS (I) 10.00% by weight quinic acid 20.00% by weight water 70.00% by weight 1, 2, 3-propanetriol (glycerol) S (II) 5.00% by weight quinic acid
57,00 Gew.-% Wasser57.00% by weight of water
10,00 Gew.-% Cetylstearyl-Polyglycoside10.00% by weight of cetylstearyl polyglycosides
28,00 Gew.-% Glycerin28.00 wt% glycerin
S (III) 2,00 Gew.-% ChinasäureS (III) 2.00% by weight quinic acid
3,00 Gew.-% Glycerin3.00% by weight glycerin
2,00 Gew.-% Propan-1 ,2-diol (1 ,2-Propylenglykol)2.00% by weight propane-1,2-diol (1,2-propylene glycol)
3,00 Gew.-% Ethanol (Ethylalkohol)3.00% by weight of ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
90,00 Gew.-% Wasser90.00% by weight of water
2. Anwendungsbeispiele2. Examples of use
Die Schadlingsabwehrmittel (I) und (II) wurden an zwei verschiedenen Personen getestet, wobei als Referenz ein Produkt des Marktes diente (KIK AKTIV - 30% DEET).The pest repellants (I) and (II) were tested on two different people, a product from the market serving as reference (KIK AKTIV - 30% DEET).
Versuch:Attempt:
Der rechte Unterarm einer Versuchsperson wurde auf einer Fläche von ca. 250 cm2 mit der entsprechenden Testsubstanz - TS (I) oder (II) behandelt. Eine Menge von 2 ml der entsprechenden Testsubstanz wurde gleichmäßig verteilt. Die behandelte Unterarmfläche wurde an beiden Enden mit einem mückendichten Klebeband und einem kurzen Plastikschlauch abgedichtet. Die unbehandelte Hand wurde mit einem dicken Handschuh überzogen und diente so gleichzeitig als Kontrolle für die Stechaktivität der Versuchstiere. Der linke Unterarm wurde ebenso mit Referenzprodukt (REF) behandelt. Als Versuchstiere wurden etwa 300 bis 400 Gelbfiebermücken (Aedes aegypti), fast ausschließlich Weibchen, in einem Zuchtkäfig von 40x40x40 cm eingesetzt.The right forearm of a test subject was treated on an area of approximately 250 cm 2 with the corresponding test substance - TS (I) or (II). An amount of 2 ml of the corresponding test substance was distributed evenly. The treated forearm area was sealed at both ends with a mosquito-proof adhesive tape and a short plastic tube. The untreated hand was covered with a thick glove and thus also served as a control for the pricking activity of the test animals. The left forearm was also treated with reference product (REF). About 300 to 400 yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti), almost exclusively females, were used as experimental animals in a breeding cage of 40x40x40 cm.
Für den Test wurden die Unterarme und die Hand nacheinander, erst der linke, dann der rechte, stündlich in den Mückenkäfig gehalten und während 10 Minuten die Zahl der Stechmücken notiert, die (a) durch den Handschuh zu stechen versuchten (positive Kontrolle),For the test, the forearms and the hand were held one after the other, first the left, then the right, hourly in the mosquito cage and the number of mosquitoes recorded for 10 minutes (a) tried to pierce the glove (positive control),
(b) die behandelte Fläche näher als 3 cm anflogen,(b) flew to the treated area closer than 3 cm,
(c) auf der behandelten Fläche länger als 2 Sekunden sitzen blieben und(c) remained on the treated area for more than 2 seconds and
(d) in die behandelte Fläche einstachen und Blut saugten.(d) stab the treated area and suck blood.
3. Ergebnisse: Testperson (1)3. Results: Test person (1)
Zeit nach Expos. - Absitzende auf Anfliegende Absitzende Anzahl der Applikation Dauer Handschuh (a) Mücken (b) Mücken (c) Stiche (d) TS(I) REF TS(I) REF TS(I) REF TS(I) REFTime after expos. - End of flight on approaching end of flight Number of applications Duration glove (a) mosquitoes (b) mosquitoes (c) bites (d) TS (I) REF TS (I) REF TS (I) REF TS (I) REF
1 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 01 hour 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 02 hours 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 03 hours 10 minutes 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 2 0 0 0 04 hours 10 minutes 100 100 0 2 0 0 0 0
5 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 4 0 1 0 05 hours 10 minutes 100 100 0 4 0 1 0 0
6 Std. 10 min 100 100 2 12 0 7 0 06 hours 10 minutes 100 100 2 12 0 7 0 0
7 Std. 10 min 100 100 1 10 0 3 0 07 hours 10 minutes 100 100 1 10 0 3 0 0
8 Std. 10 min 100 100 8 0 3 0 0
Figure imgf000010_0001
1
8 hours 10 minutes 100 100 8 0 3 0 0
Figure imgf000010_0001
1
Testperson (2)Test person (2)
Zeit nach Expos. - Absitzende auf Anfliegende Absitzende Anzahl der Applikation Dauer Handschuh (a) Mücken (b) Mücken (c) Stiche (d) TS(II) REF TS(II) REF TS(II) REF TS(II) REFTime after expos. - End of flight on approaching end of flight Number of applications Duration Glove (a) Mosquitoes (b) Mosquitoes (c) Bites (d) TS (II) REF TS (II) REF TS (II) REF TS (II) REF
1 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 01 hour 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 02 hours 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Std. 10 min 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 03 hours 10 minutes 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Std. 10 min 100 100 5 3 1 1 0 04 hours 10 minutes 100 100 5 3 1 1 0 0
5 Std. 10 min 100 100 8 8 2 1 0 05 hours 10 minutes 100 100 8 8 2 1 0 0
6 Std. 10 min 100 100 14 10 6 7 0 06 hours 10 minutes 100 100 14 10 6 7 0 0
7 Std. 10 min 100 100 10 12 4 2 0 07 h 10 min 100 100 10 12 4 2 0 0
8 Std. 10 min 100 100 8 10 4 6 0 0
Figure imgf000011_0001
8 h 10 min 100 100 8 10 4 6 0 0
Figure imgf000011_0001
Die absitzenden Mücken auf den Handschuhen wurden geschätzt, da auf Grund der wechselnd hohen Anzahlen eine exakte Auszählung nicht möglich ist.The sitting mosquitoes on the gloves were estimated because an exact count is not possible due to the changing numbers.
Die Wirksamkeit einer Substanz ergibt sich vor allem aus dem Verhältnis der auf dem Handschuh absitzenden stechlustigen Mücken zu den übrigen Werten.The effectiveness of a substance results above all from the ratio of the mosquitoes stuck on the glove to the other values.
Die Zahl der einstechenden Mücken ist für die Dauer der Wirkung und damit in den Tropen indirekt auch für die Infektionsgefahr der entscheidende Faktor. Die getesteten Substanzen gewährleisten Schutz von über 8 Stunden. Wie aus den Parametern b) und c) ersichtlich ist, gibt es auch bei Anwendung der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Substanzen eine gewisse Zahl anfliegender und absitzender Mücken; diese stechen jedoch nicht. Allen getesteten Substanzen kann demnach eine starke Repellentwirkung zugeschrieben werden, wobei TESTPRODUKT (I) die effektivste Wrikung zeigte. Insbesondere die äußerst geringe Anzahl anfliegender Mücken und die Tatsache, daß keine einzige Mücke abgesessen ist, zeigt die überlegene Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der Chinasäure bei einem Wirkstoffgehalt von 10% gegenüber dem marktüblichen Referenzprodukt mit 30% Wirkstoffgehalt. Damit wird der Vorteil der Re- zeptorenbildungsverhinderung direkt auf der Haut gegenüber der Rezeptorenüberdek- kung besonders deutlich aufgezeigt.The number of biting mosquitoes is the decisive factor for the duration of the effect and thus indirectly in the tropics for the risk of infection. The tested substances guarantee protection for over 8 hours. As can be seen from parameters b) and c), there is a certain number of mosquitoes flying and settling down when using the substances used according to the invention; however, these do not sting. A strong repellent effect can therefore be attributed to all tested substances, whereby TEST PRODUCT (I) showed the most effective wrinkle. In particular the extremely low number of mosquitoes approaching and the fact that not a single mosquito has been dismantled shows the superior effect of the use of quinic acid according to the invention with an active substance content of 10% compared to the commercially available reference product with 30% active substance content. The advantage of the prevention of formation of zeptors directly on the skin compared to the coverage of the receptors is particularly clearly shown.
Selbst TESTPRODUKT (II) mit nur einem Sechstel des Wirkstoffgehaltes der Referenz erbringt noch eine vergleichbare Wirkung.Even TEST PRODUCT (II) with only one sixth of the active substance content of the reference still has a comparable effect.
Zur Überprüfung dieser Laborergebnisse wurde ein Freilandversuch mit 20 Probanden über 5 Tage hinweg in einer hoch mit Stechmücken und Bremsen belasteten Flußau durchgeführt.To check these laboratory results, a field test was carried out with 20 test subjects over a period of 5 days in a floodplain heavily contaminated with mosquitoes and brakes.
Die Präparation der Probanden wurde gleich dem Laborversuch vorgenommen. Exposi- tioniert wurden die Probanden der Versuche gegen Stechmücken ausschließlich ab Sonnenuntergang bei Temperaturen von 18 bis 28°C, relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit von 50 bis 95% und Windgeschwindigkeiten unter 1 m/s., die Probanden in den Bremsentests ausschließlich untertags bei obigen Bedingungen.The preparation of the test subjects was carried out immediately after the laboratory test. The subjects of the tests against mosquitoes were exposed only from sunset at temperatures of 18 to 28 ° C, relative humidity of 50 to 95% and wind speeds below 1 m / s. The subjects in the brake tests only during the day under the above conditions.
Für jeden Versuch wurden Gruppen von fünf Probanden gebildet, wovon 1 Proband als unbehandelte Kontrolle diente, 2 Probanden mit TESTPRODUKT (i) and 2 Probanden mit REFERENZ behandelt wurden. Die unbehandelte Kontrolle diente als Maßeinheit für die Stech- bzw. Beißlust der Mücken oder Bremsen und wurde nur jeweils über 1 Minute exponiert.Groups of five subjects were formed for each experiment, of which 1 subject served as an untreated control, 2 subjects were treated with TEST PRODUCT (i) and 2 subjects with REFERENCE. The untreated control served as a unit of measurement for the mosquitoes 'or brakes' reluctance to sting or bite and was only exposed for 1 minute each.
Aus allen Versuchen wurden Durchschnittswerte gebildet, wobei die absitzenden Mük- ken auf den Handschuhen geschätzt wurden und absitzende Mücken auf der restlichen Schutzkleidung der Probanden unberücksichtigt blieben.Average values were formed from all tests, the sitting mosquitoes on the gloves being estimated and sitting mosquitoes on the remaining protective clothing of the test subjects being disregarded.
Testerαebnisse STECHMÜCKEN, vornehmlich Culex pipiensTESTING RESULTS, mosquitoes, mainly Culex pipiens
1. Durchschnitt unbehandelte Kontrolle über 1 min. Exposition1. Average untreated control over 1 min. exposition
Absitzende auf Anfliegende Mücken Absitzende Mücken Anzahl Stiche HandschuhSitting on flying mosquitoes Sitting mosquitoes Number of glove stitches
5 42 42 42
Figure imgf000012_0001
11
5 42 42 42
Figure imgf000012_0001
11
Durchschnitt REFERENZ, Exposition 8 Stunden je 10 Minuten, Anzahlen bezogen auf 10 MinutenAverage REFERENCE, exposure 8 hours for 10 minutes, numbers related to 10 minutes
Absitzende auf Anfliegende Mücken Absitzende Mücken Anzahl Stiche HandschuhSitting on flying mosquitoes Sitting mosquitoes Number of glove stitches
120 17 6 0
Figure imgf000013_0001
120 17 6 0
Figure imgf000013_0001
3. Durchsςhnitt TESTPRODUKT (I), Exposition wie 2.3. Average TEST PRODUCT (I), exposure as 2.
Absitzende auf Anfliegende Mücken Absitzende Mücken Anzahl Stiche HandschuhSitting on flying mosquitoes Sitting mosquitoes Number of glove stitches
130 4 0 0
Figure imgf000013_0002
130 4 0 0
Figure imgf000013_0002
Der Vergleich über eine durchschnittliche Testzeit von 10 Minuten zeigt auf, daß eine unbehandelte Person in dieser Zeit theoretisch 420 mal gestochen worden wäre, während sowohl REFERENZ als auch TP (I) ohne Stich blieb.The comparison over an average test time of 10 minutes shows that an untreated person would have been stabbed 420 times during this time, while both REFERENCE and TP (I) remained without a stab.
Auffallend im Vergleich von REF und TP(I) ist wieder, daß das TESTPRODUKT eine weitaus niedrigere Belästigungsquote aufwies (Anzahlen anfliegende und absitzende Mücken) und damit das Ergebnis der Laborversuche bestätigen konnte.What is striking in the comparison of REF and TP (I) is again that the TEST PRODUCT had a much lower nuisance rate (number of mosquitoes approaching and settling down) and was thus able to confirm the results of the laboratory tests.
Testerqebnisse BREMSEN, vornehmlich Haematopoda pluvialisTEST RESULTS BRAKES, mainly Haematopoda pluvialis
Hier konnten einzig Anzahlen an Bissen ausgewertet werden, da Bremsen in einem Zuge ohne besonderen Suchflug anfliegen, absitzen, beißen, blitzartig einen Blutstropfen saugen und wieder abfliegen.Only the number of bites could be evaluated here, since brakes approach, sit, bite, suck a drop of blood in a flash without a special search flight and fly off again.
Durchschnitt Bisse von Bremsen beiAverage bites from brakes
1. unbehandelter Kontrolle über 1 min. Exposition : 2 2. REFERENZ gegen TESTPRODUKT (I), 10 min. Expositionszeit/Stunde, Durchschnitt aller Testzeiten1. untreated control over 1 min. Exposure: 2nd 2. REFERENCE against TEST PRODUCT (I), 10 min. Exposure time / hour, average of all test times
0 Bremsenbisse bei0 brake bites at
Zeit nach Applikation REF. TP (l)Time after application REF. TP (l)
1. Stunden 0,0 0,01. hours 0.0 0.0
2. Stunden 0,0 0,02. hours 0.0 0.0
3. Stunden 0,1 0,03. hours 0.1 0.0
4. Stunden 1 ,0 0,04. hours 1.0 0.0
5. Stunden 2,0 0,15. hours 2.0 0.1
6. Stunden 3,0 1 ,0
Figure imgf000014_0001
6. hours 3.0 1.0
Figure imgf000014_0001
Auch dieser 12-malig im Kreuztest vorgenommene Versuch zeigt, daß das erfindungsgemäße Testprodukt im Vergleich zum marktüblichen Referenzprodukt eine mindestens um zwei Stunden längere Wirkungsdauer aufweist.This test carried out 12 times in the cross test also shows that the test product according to the invention has an effect duration which is at least two hours longer than that of the commercially available reference product.
Zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit der repellenten Wirkung gegen Zecken, als typischen Vertreter der Acarinae, die auch den weitaus für Mensch und Tier gefährlichsten Vertreter dieser Gattung darstellen, wurde ein fünf Tage dauernder Freilandtest durchgeführt. Von einem Tierschutzhaus wurden drei Schäferhunde, männlich, annähernd gleicher Größe und gleichen Gewichtes mit drei Hundeführern zur Verfügung gestellt, die jeweils einmal täglich vier Stunden lang die Tiere in bekannt zeckenverseuchtem Gebiet spazieren führten. Täglich gleichbleibend wurde jeweils 1 Hund markiert mit K (Kontrolle), TP (I) und REF. Hund und der dazugehörige Führer wurden mit jeweils ca. 10 ml TESTPRODUKT (I) und REFERENZ vollflächig am ganzen Körper behandelt. Ein unbehandelter Hund diente jeweils als Kontrolle, dessen Führer, obwohl gegen FSME geimpft, wurde mit REFERENZ behandelt, um der Gefahr an Übertragung von Borreliose durch eventuelle Zeckenstiche zu begegnen.A five-day field test was carried out to test the effectiveness of the repellant activity against ticks, as a typical representative of the Acarinae, which is also the most dangerous representative of this genus for humans and animals. Three sheep dogs, male, of approximately the same size and weight, with three dog handlers were provided by an animal shelter, each of whom led the animals for four hours a day in a known tick-contaminated area. 1 dog was marked daily with K (control), TP (I) and REF. Dog and the associated guide were treated with the entire body of the body with approx. 10 ml TEST PRODUCT (I) and REFERENCE. An untreated dog served as a control, whose guide, although vaccinated against TBE, was treated with REFERENCE in order to counter the risk of transmission of Lyme disease through possible tick bites.
Nach jedem täglich vierstündigem Ausgang wurden die Versuchstiere und auch deren Führer genauestens auf Anwesenheit von Zecken untersucht, diese dokumentiert und in beschrifteten Gläsern gesammelt und über 72 Stunden nachbeobachtet. Ergebnisse:After each four-hour exit, the test animals and their guides were carefully examined for the presence of ticks, documented and collected in labeled glasses and followed up for 72 hours. Results:
1. unbehandelte Kontrolle - am Hund wurden insgesamt an den fünf Versuchstagen 86 Zecken, davon 68 der Gattung l.rizinus und 18 R.sanguineus, wobei die einzelnen Stadien (Adulte und Nymphen) nicht unterschieden wurden, aufgefunden. Alle Zecken überlebten die 72 Stunden Nachbeobachtung.1. untreated control - a total of 86 ticks were found in the dog on the five test days, including 68 of the genus L. ricinus and 18 R. sanguineus, the individual stages (adults and nymphs) not being distinguished. All ticks survived the 72 hour follow-up.
An der Kleidung des Hundeführers wurden insgesamt 24 Zecken aufgefunden, wobei zum Unterschied zum unbehandelten Hund keine Zecke auf der Haut oder eingebohrt zu finden war. Die 24 Zecken überlebten ebenfalls die Nachbeobachtungszeit.A total of 24 ticks were found on the dog handler's clothing. In contrast to the untreated dog, no tick was found on the skin or drilled. The 24 ticks also survived the follow-up period.
2. REFERENZ - am Hund wurden insgesamt 6 Zecken, an der Kleidung des Hundeführers 19 Zecken (Adulte und Nymphen von 21.l.ritinus und 4 R.sanguineus), wobei aber keine auf der Haut, oder eingebohrt war, aufgefunden. Alle Zecken überlebten 72 Stunden Nachbeobachtung. Die Repellenzzeit (Wirkungsdauer) des Referenzproduktes kann daher mit 4 Stunden angegeben werden, wobei sich aber die insgesamt 6 Zek- ken am Fell des Hundes, bei Nachlassen der Wirkung des Produktes sicher eingebohrt hätten, da sie die Nachbeobachtungszeit überlebten.2. REFERENCE - a total of 6 ticks were found on the dog, 19 ticks on the handler's clothing (adults and nymphs of the 21st ritinus and 4 R.sanguineus), but none were on the skin or drilled. All ticks survived 72 hours of follow-up. The repellency time (duration of action) of the reference product can therefore be given as 4 hours, although the total of 6 ticks on the dog's fur would have drilled in if the effectiveness of the product had deteriorated, since they survived the follow-up period.
3. TESTPRODUKT (I) - am Hund wurde in den insgesamt 5 Tagen Versuchszeit keine einzige Zecke aufgefunden.3. TEST PRODUCT (I) - not a single tick was found on the dog in the 5-day test period.
An der Kleidung des Hundeführers (bei allen langärmeliges, leichtes Hemd und Leinenhose in weiß) wurden insgesamt 5 Zecken der Gattung l.rizinus aufgefunden, von denen 3 Zecken die Nachbeobachtung nicht überlebten.A total of 5 ticks of the genus l.rizinus were found on the dog handler's clothing (all long-sleeved, light shirt and linen trousers in white), of which 3 ticks did not survive the observation.
Nach der 72-stündigen Nachbeobachtungszeit wurden die insgesamt 110 Zecken aus der unbehandelte Kontrolle und die Zecken aus Testprodukt (TP I) nach den Vorschriften des Immersionstests des Ektoparasitenscreenings 5 Minuten in das TESTPRODUKT (I) getaucht und waren 24 Stunden später alle tot. Die 25 Zecken, die die Nachbeobachtung nach REFERENZ überlebten, wurden wie oben 5 min. in das Referenzprodukt getaucht und überlebten weitere 72 Stunden und wurden dann durch Tauchen über 1 min. in TP (I) nach weiteren 24 Stunden als tot klassifiziert.After the 72-hour follow-up period, a total of 110 ticks from the untreated control and the ticks from test product (TP I) were immersed in the TEST PRODUCT (I) for 5 minutes in accordance with the requirements of the immersion test for ectoparasite screening and were all dead 24 hours later Ticks that survived the follow-up after REFERENCE were, as above, 5 min. in the Reference product dipped and survived another 72 hours and was then dipped for 1 min. in TP (I) classified as dead after a further 24 hours.
Dieser Versuch zeigte, daß TESTPRODUKT (I) nicht nur eine mindestens 4-stündige Schutzzeit gegenüber Zecken aufweist, sondern diese bei Kontakt mit dem Produkt zudem zuverlässig abgetötet und damit der marktüblichen, anerkannten Referenz in der absoluten Schutzwirkung vor Zeckenstichen überlegen ist.This test showed that TESTPRODUKT (I) not only has a protection period against ticks of at least 4 hours, but also reliably kills them when they come into contact with the product and is therefore superior to the market-recognized reference in absolute protection against tick bites.
Zur Absicherung der überraschend aufgetretenen mortalen Wirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Schädlingsabwehrmittels wurden nachfolgende Screenings mit verschiedenen Insekten wie folgt durchgeführt:To ensure the surprisingly mortal effect of the pesticide according to the invention, the following screenings were carried out with various insects as follows:
1. TESTPRODUKT (III) im Vergleich zu einem1. TEST PRODUCT (III) compared to one
2. handelsüblichen Insektenbekämpfungsmittel (REFERENZ), enthaltend als Wirkstoff It. Etikett 0,05% Bio Allethrin und 0,25% Permethriπ in wässriger Emulsion.2. commercial insect control agent (REFERENCE), containing as active ingredient It. Label 0.05% organic allethrin and 0.25% permethriπ in aqueous emulsion.
Als Testbehälter dienten Acrylwannen mit L=50 cm, B=30 cm, T=25 cm, deren Böden mit je 1 ml TB (III) und REF eingestrichen wurden. Sowohl in die Behälter, behandelt mit TB (III), als auch in die Behälter, behandelt mit REF wurden jeweils 10 Testinsekten auf den Boden eingebracht und nach 1 Minute Kontaktzeit in unbehandelte Behälter überführt und 48 Stunden nachbeobachtet.Acrylic tubs with L = 50 cm, W = 30 cm, D = 25 cm served as test containers, the bottoms of which were coated with 1 ml of TB (III) and REF. 10 test insects were placed on the floor in each of the containers treated with TB (III) and in the containers treated with REF and, after a contact time of 1 minute, transferred to untreated containers and followed up for 48 hours.
Testinsekten:Test insects:
I. Küchenschaben (Blatella germanica)I. Cockroaches (Blatella germanica)
II. Ameisen (Lasius niger)II. Ants (Lasius niger)
Ergebnisse:Results:
Sowohl die mit TP (III) als auch die mit REF in Kontakt gebrachten Testinsekten waren nach 48 Stunden sämtlich tot. Eine weitere Nachbeobachtung über 72 Stunden erbrachte keinerlei Reanimationen, so daß die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung von Chinasätire eine dem handelsüblichen, anerkannten Referenzprodukt vergleichbare Wirkung aufweist. Both the test insects brought into contact with TP (III) and with the REF were all dead after 48 hours. A further follow-up over 72 hours did not result in any resuscitation, so that the use of Chinese acids according to the invention has an effect comparable to the commercially available, recognized reference product.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verwendung von natürlicher und/oder synthetischer Chinasäure (1 , 3, 4, 5- Tetrahydroxycyclohexancarbonsäure) und/oder Vorläufern davon als Schadlingsab¬ wehrmittel.1. The use of natural and / or synthetic quinic acid (1, 3, 4, 5- Tetrahydroxycyclohexancarbonsäure) and / or precursors thereof weir medium as Schadlingsab ¬.
2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Chinasäure in mindestens einem geeigneten Träger gelöst ist.2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the quinic acid is dissolved in at least one suitable carrier.
3. Verwendung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-% Chinasäure in 50 bis 99,9 Gew.-% Träger gelöst ist.3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that 0.1 to 50 wt .-% quinic acid is dissolved in 50 to 99.9 wt .-% carrier.
4. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Träger Wasser ist.4. Use according to at least one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the carrier is water.
5. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als weitere Träger Glycerin, Alkohole oder Propandiole enthalten sind.5. Use according to at least one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that glycerol, alcohols or propanediols are contained as further carriers.
6. Verwendung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 0,1 bis 50 Gew.-% Chinasäure, 0,1 bis 99,8 Gew.-% Wasser und 0,1 bis 99,8 Gew.-% eines weiteren Trägers enthalten sind.6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that 0.1 to 50 wt .-% quinic acid, 0.1 to 99.8 wt .-% water and 0.1 to 99.8 wt .-% of a further carrier are.
7. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, in Form von Emulsionen, Dispersionen, Lotionen, Cremen, Gelen oder Lösungen.7. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, in the form of emulsions, dispersions, lotions, creams, gels or solutions.
8. Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, zur Abwehr von fliegenden, kriechenden, stechenden, beißenden und saugenden Schädlingen und Lästlingen. 8. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, for defense against flying, creeping, stinging, biting and sucking pests and nuisances.
PCT/EP1999/001931 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents WO1999048363A1 (en)

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EP99916865A EP1065926A1 (en) 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents
BR9909152-6A BR9909152A (en) 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Use of natural and / or synthetic chemical acid and / or its precursors as insect repellents
KR1020007010463A KR20010034611A (en) 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Utilization of Natural and/or Synthetic Quinic Acid and/or Precursors Thereof As Insect Repellents
CA002325372A CA2325372A1 (en) 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents
AU35203/99A AU746660B2 (en) 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Utilization of natural and/or synthetic quinic acid and/or precursors thereof as insect repellents
JP2000537429A JP2002507549A (en) 1998-03-24 1999-03-22 Use of natural and / or synthetic quinic acids and / or their precursors as insecticides
NO20004708A NO20004708L (en) 1998-03-24 2000-09-20 Use of natural and / or synthetic quinic acid and / or precursors thereof as anti-insecticide

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DE19961812A1 (en) * 1999-12-21 2001-07-05 Biolink Technologies Ag Neuhau Use of at least one fatty acid polydialkanolamide in combination with quinic acid and / or shikimi acid for pest control
EP3334274A4 (en) 2015-08-10 2019-03-20 Beem Biologics Inc. Compositions and their use for pest control and to induce plant hormone and gene regulation for improved plant production and defense
WO2024038063A1 (en) * 2022-08-16 2024-02-22 South China Botanical Garden Pesticidal compositions

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