WO1999042236A1 - System and method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of molten materials with heat pipe drums - Google Patents
System and method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of molten materials with heat pipe drums Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999042236A1 WO1999042236A1 PCT/CA1999/000145 CA9900145W WO9942236A1 WO 1999042236 A1 WO1999042236 A1 WO 1999042236A1 CA 9900145 W CA9900145 W CA 9900145W WO 9942236 A1 WO9942236 A1 WO 9942236A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- die
- working substance
- drum
- liquid
- coolant
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/22—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
- C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
- C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/04—Specific shape of slag after cooling
- C21B2400/042—Sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
- C21B2400/052—Apparatus features including rotating parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
- C21B2400/052—Apparatus features including rotating parts
- C21B2400/056—Drums whereby slag is poured on or in between
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with a system .and method for solidifying and/or granulating liquid materials such as matte, slag, alloys, bullion, metals in their elemental state and any other metal intermediate or compound, by using an efficient waterless system that is inexpensive, compact, safe and environmentally friendly.
- casting processes based on rolls or drums are designed and operated for one of two functions.
- the first is to provide a sheet of near net shape product such as in the case of metals and alloys that can be used in subsequent rolling and forming operations.
- Obvious examples include the casting of the common metals such as aluminium, copper, lead and iron, as well as alloys thereof.
- solidified material that is subsequently crushed or granulated, and either used in another - 2 - process or simply discarded or sold.
- mattes sulphides
- slags oxides
- speices arsenides or antimonides
- a heat pipe is a heat transfer device that uses the vaporization and condensation of a working substance contained within the device to move energy from an evaporating section to a condensing section. It is, in effect, a "superconductor" of heat energy. Tests have shown that a heat pipe can be as effective in transporting energy as 1000 times the equivalent quantity of copper under similar heat transfer conditions.
- the heat pipe consists of a sealed evacuated volume, such as a pipe shell, circular or otherwise, containing a working substance.
- a sealed evacuated volume such as a pipe shell, circular or otherwise, containing a working substance.
- the working substance evaporates.
- the section of the heat pipe exposed to the heat source is termed the "evaporator”.
- the vapour flows to the heat sink section of the heat pipe, i.e., the "condenser", where it condenses on the pipe w.all and returns to the evaporator by gravity and capillary forces in liquid form.
- - 4 The concept of single roll or twin-roll solidification of materials is well
- Water-cooled drums have been successfully applied in the synthesis of a wide range of chemical products including pharmaceutical products, waxes, soaps, insecticides .and food 5 products. Water-cooled drums have also been used to produce lead sheets from a molten lead bath. Water-cooled drums as heat extraction equipment are well described in Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook.
- US 4,669,527 describes a cooled roller for the continuous solidification of 0 flat copper bars. This technology has been developed to improve the cooling of the rolls to reduce thermal excursions that affect the operating life of the rolls.
- a water-cooled drum can be found in US 4,842,040, wherein a cast strip is produced from a metal melt solidified by a liquid cooled drum.
- the preferred coolant is water, which is fed through coolant channels extending continuously around the entire 5 circumference of the drum.
- Yet another example of a roll for the direct continuous casting of thin strips of metal is reported in US 5,191,925. As in the previous example, the preferred coolant is water and the cited casting system is for steel.
- US 5,411,075 is also concerned with a roller and a method for casting o metal products.
- This patent uses the concept of vaporization and condensation of water in an enclosed system to extract heat from rolls that are rotated at a sufficiently high .angular velocity.
- the patent states that there are .several limitations inherent in "open system" cooled rolls.
- US 5,411,075 describes a roll which is .almost completely filled with water, a liquid that has a freezing point below room temperature.
- a heat source in the form of the liquid material to be cast, is applied on the outer circumferential surface of the roll, the water in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the roll is vaporized.
- the outwardly directed centrifugal force arising from the rotational velocity is proportional to the mass of each element of fluid, the water is forced to the surface of the roll and vapor to the centre. Because of the rotation of the roll, the vapour, which has a density several orders of magnitude lower than that of water, is literally forced to the centre of the roll.
- This unit operates much like a centrifuge which forces the dense phase up against the outer surface and concentrates the less dense phase in the central region. In this manner, the vapour is stripped from the inner surface of the roll and forced to the centre of the roll where a separate heat exchanger core condenses the vapour and in so doing extracts energy from the working - 6 - fluid.
- Water is the preferred fluid for use in the heat exchanger core.
- the roll that is proposed is based on a water to water heat exchanger configuration.
- the system comprises:
- At least one elongated body substantially cylindrical comprising an outer surface, an inner surface, and at least one channel extending throughout the longitudinal section of the body for circulating a coolant therein, a closed space being defined between the inner surface and the at least one channel; the closed space being under vacuum; - 7 -
- wick covering the inner surface of the body for retaining the working substance and to ensure substantially homogeneous and complete distribution thereon when the system is in operation;
- the system comprises two elongated bodies substantially cylindrical.
- the invention also encompasses a method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of matte and slag.
- the present invention can b . e advantageously used for solidifying and granulating matte, slag, alloys, bullion, metals in their elemental state and any other metal intermediate or compound, particularly those obtained in smelting operations.
- Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of the heat pipe granulating system according to the present invention
- Figure 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a heat pipe granulating drum
- Figure 3 illustrates a view of the drum along lines 3 - 3 of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 illustrates a first embodiment of a twin-drum system comprising strippers according to the present invention
- Figure 5 illustrates a second embodiment of a twin-drum system comprising strippers
- Figure 6 illustrates a third embodiment of a twin-drum system according to the present invention
- Figure 7 illustrates the inner surface of a heat pipe drum covered with the wick.
- a dry waterless drum solidifying and granulating system using heat pipe technology for continuously solidifying and granulating molten materials like slag, matte, bullion etc. produced during smelting operations.
- a twin-drum arrangement is provided to maximize granulation production.
- the present system is significantly less expensive, more compact, safer, and more environmentally friendly than any other matte or slag granulation system currently on the market, and it
- the present system and method can be applied to a wide variety of molten materials, for illustrative purposes, the application will focus on the solidification and granulation of copper matte, which comprises in large part copper sulphide (Cu 2 S).
- copper matte which comprises in large part copper sulphide (Cu 2 S).
- flash smelting and converting of either the Outokumpu/Kennecott type or of the Noranda reactor/converter it has become increasingly more important to produce an intermediate solidified product of copper matte for subsequent processing.
- Use of solidified matte in converting operations permits the use of higher oxygen enrichment and reduced off gas volumes. In many cases, this is desirable and has led to the installation of processes for solidifying the copper matte produced in the smelting furnace prior to processing in the converting furnace.
- the heat pipe configuration of the drum is preferably horizontal.
- An outer roll defines the extremities of the heat pipe. Energy is transferred through the outer roll and is absorbed by the working substance.
- Preferred working substances include sodium, potassium, cesium, ThermexTM, water and the like, which wets on the entire inner circumferential area of the roll. Since it is critical that the working substance completely and uniformly covers the inner area surface of the drum, a wick is secured, welded or otherwise applied thereon. Examples of suitable wicks include screens and porous materials that have the appropriate characteristics to generate sufficient capillary forces to cause the liquid to spread and cover uniformly substantially all the inner surface of the drum.
- condensation sites are created by horizontal cooling pipes running through the core of the drum. Air is the preferred coolant, and is typically forced to ensure effective heat transfer through the cooling pipes thus causing the outer surface of the pipes to act as condensation sites. The heated air is exhausted at the other end of each drum, or it may also be recovered and fed elsewhere where preheating, drying, or production of steam may be required.
- FIG 1 shows a preferred configuration of the installation of the present system.
- Twin-drum system 10 comprises a pair of drums 12 and 14. Each drum has a central intake 16 .and discharge 18, as shown in Figure 3, to which is coupled a pair of pipes 20 and 22, and 24 and 26 respectively, for injecting and exhausting air in and out of the drum when the system is in operation.
- Each pipe 20, 22, 24 and 26 is mounted on a support 28 adapted to allow rotation of drums 12 and 14, and coupled to a motor or an engine (not shown).
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the cross- section and side view thereof of the interior of drum 12, which contains a plurality of inner channels 30 for air to pass through. The arrows provided in Figure 3 illustrate the airflow in the drum.
- air is typically forced into the pipe, distributed among the plurality of channels 30, and then exhausted through the pipe located at the opposite end of the drum.
- air is the preferred coolant
- other fluids such as oil, water, glycol etc.
- the use of air as coolant is advantageous because it makes the system compact, safe, energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
- the use of water is preferably avoided because of the high risl s of explosion that might occur if the water contacts the melt
- Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a side view of a twin-drum assembly wherein a
- drums 12 and 14 are rotating in opposite directions outwardly, as illustrated by the arrows.
- drums 12 and 14 can be rotated inwardly to produce a sheet 47, as illustrated in Figure 6.
- a small space 50 is left between the drums to allow casting of sheet 47.
- stripping devices similar to stripping blades 32 and 34 to ensure complete removal of the cast product
- stripping devices are not mandatory as the sheet is generally attached to a coiling or processing device (not shown).
- the system can therefore lead to 2 different products. If the drums are rotated inwardly, a thin sheet of material is produced. If the drums are rotated outwardly, the external surfaces of the drums are in contact with each other, and the liquid material is frozen thereon and subsequently stripped with the stripping means.
- FIG. 7 shows the inner surface 42 of drum 12 comprising the capillary screen or wick 44.
- Wick 44 may be attached, welded or otherwise secured to surface 42 as long as it remains substanti.ally fixed in operation. - 12 -
- molten material is poured from vessel 46 through one or more ladles 48 on drums 12 and 14, which are rotating in opposite direction outwardly.
- the pouring speed varies with the speed of rotation of the drums as well as the physical characteristics of the molten material to be granulated. Appropriate parameters can readily be determined by anyone of ordinary skill in the art.
- the solid is easily stripped from the roll surface, and the granulated material can be recovered in any conventional manner. It should be noted that the nature of the material to be cast may sometimes cause it to granulate or to detach partly from the surface of the drum prior to reaching the stripper. The latter is nevertheless preferred to ensure that all the solidified material is removed, since even the smallest build-up of material on the drum surface could have highly detrimental
- the present invention provides a novel, single or twin heat pipe drum arrangement for solidifying and granulating molten materials like matte or slag.
- a twin-drum arrangement is preferred to a single drum for obvious production purposes and in the case of near net shape, thin strip casting of metals and alloys, the choice is dependent on d e particular application.
- each drum comprises a heat pipe roll, it is essential to fully appreciate the makeup of each drum.
- Each heat pipe drum must satisfy seven important - 13 - constraints to be successfully implemented in the present system. These constraints or requirements are as follows.
- the inner surface i.e., the inner circumferential area of the drum must
- wick to ensure substantially homogeneous and complete distribution of the working substance thereon.
- the wick serves to ascertain that the liquid working substance wets the entire inner surface and that the liquid is distributed along the whole length of the drum. Absence of the wick may result in an uneven distribution of die working substance on the inner surface, which leads to hot spots that may damage the drum or create potential hazardous conditions.
- 4 wraps of 100 mesh stainless steel screen are welded, attached or otherwise secured on the inner surface of the drum.
- a wick could also cover the condensing surfaces of the plurality of channels 30, but is generally not required.
- non-condensable inert gases within the working chamber is mandatory, and should be made by establishing an appropriate vacuum therein in order to facilitate the phase changes of the working substance, i.e., vapour liquid.
- a non- condensable inert gas can be defined as a gas that will neither condense nor react wid the drum surface material or the working substance at the operating temperature.
- Such non-condensable inert gases arise from the charging of the working substance and from stabilizing reactions between the working substance and die materials of construction of die drum.
- the drum is preferably sealed under the expected operating temperature. This is achieved by simultaneously heating slightly less than
- Evacuation of the drum is an important embodiment of this invention. Inert gases remaining in the drum block condensation sites and force die vaporized working substance to migrate by diffusion, which is a very slow process. By evacuating the drum, vapor moves to condensation sites because of pressure differentials, and may in fact move at speeds diat approach sonic velocity. Because vapor is formed on d e inner circumferential surface of die drum and condensed on the plurality of cooling tubes, the absence of non-condensable gases is a significant feature of the present invention. It assures rapid transfer of vapor, and hence of energy, irrespective of the rotational speed of die drum.
- Working substance The choice of the working substance depends on a number of parameters, such as for example a) the foreseen operating temperature and pressure of the drum; b) the compatibility of the working substance wid boti die construction materials of the drum and die molten material product; - 15 - c) the vapor pressure and temperature correlation of the working substance which implicidy incorporates the latent heat of vaporization thereof ; d) the wetting characteristics of die liquid phase of the working
- the critical boiling heat flux limit for die working substance must be substantially higher than the actual heat flux that the substance will be subjected to when the system is in operation; and f) the viscosity of the working substance must be low enough to allow it to spread rapidly over d e inner surface of the drum dirough the wick.
- a working substance that is solid at normal room temperature such as for example sodium and potassium, can be used.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is to use a working substance that can handle sufficiendy high heat fluxes, i.een as much as several MW's/m 2 , without experiencing nucleate boiling. If the working substance does not undergo nucleate boiling, it then only changes phase by evaporation from a free surface. In this way, vapor is produced widiout disturbing the underlying liquid film.
- Preferred working substances that fit - 16 - this criterion are the conventional heat transfer metals such as potassium, sodium and caesium. The major difference between them is the operating temperature for a given operating pressure. Thus, caesium can be operated at the lowest temperature, followed by potassium, with sodium requiring die highest minimum operating temperature of the three. If one factors in cost constraints, the preferred working substance is potassium.
- Potassium has a normal boiling point of about 760°C and a melting point of about 62°C.
- the temperature of the working substance can be as low as 450°C with a corresponding absolute operating pressure of litde more tiian 10 ' atm.
- the operation of d e drum under partial vacuum has positive safety implications diat need to be considered in die event of failure. Given the presence of a partial vacuum, failure of the drum would result in an implosion and not an explosion.
- the quantity of working substance to be charged into the drum can be varied. However, it has been found diat a quantity equivalent to coverage by a layer of 0.5 mm in thickness is adequate for a drum having a wick comprising 4 wraps of 100 mesh screen. It must be noted that botii the evaporator and condenser surfaces must be considered in the determination of die required amount of working substance. Thus, die entire condensing surface of the heat exchanger core must be included in determining die quantity of working substance to be charged. While an excess of working substance can be used, limiting die amount, especially for liquid metal working substances, has die benefit of restricting nucleate boiling and thus promotes surface evaporation. - 17 -
- Cooling of the heat exchanger core is achieved by preferably forcing a coolant d rough the core.
- a coolant d rough the core offers several advantages and is by far die preferred choice. From a safety perspective, air is clearly advantageous,
- the system can be designed to accommodate a blower, which is preferred over a compressor.
- Water and other organic liquids as stated above can also be used as d e coolant however, it is not recommended if me above constraints are an issue.
- costs and infrastructure associated with liquid cooling are significant Another advantage to using air as the coolant is that die hot exhaust air may be recovered if deemed cost effective.
- the hot air which can approach the temperature of the working substance, can be used in odier
- the condensing surface be of sufficient surface area to absorb the heat transported to it by die vaporized working substance.
- the heat exchanger core be preferably configured as a tube bundle extending between die two ends of the drum.
- the tubes are spaced one from me odier by sufficient space to allow for the flow of vapor and die redistribution of the condensed liquid back to die evaporator.
- the diameter of each cooling channel is small enough to allow for the installation of a sufficient number thereof to attain the desired ratio of areas.
- each channel may be fitted widi a heat transfer enhancement device.
- An example of such a device is a twisted tape insert or "swirler" device, which enhances the heat transfer between each channel and the coolant.
- a swirler having 13 turns per metre of pipe has provided good results.
- Construction materials comprising the drum and the heat exchanger core
- ThermexTM is
- a single roll caster was built for the purpose of solidifying melted copper matte.
- the unit was configured such that copper matte was poured onto die downward rotating heat pipe drum.
- the temperature of the matte was about 1200°C.
- me pouring rate of matte was 9 kg/min.
- the casting unit was constructed from 316L stainless steel, widi an outer diameter of 0.3 m and a widtii of 0.16 m.
- the thickness of the outer shell of the drum was 7 mm.
- the inner circumferential area of the drum was fitted widi 4 wraps of 100 mesh stainless steel screen used as the wick.
- the working substance was sodium.
- the drum was charged widi 450 g of sodium to yield a liquid film equivalent to a diickness of about 0.25 mm on the evaporator and condenser areas. Sealing of the drum was carried out hot under vacuum to yield an absolute pressure in die drum of about 10 '4 atm absolute pressure at room temperature.
- Condensation of the working substance was achieved by forcing air dirough a series of 68 cooling pipes each measuring 1 cm in inner diameter with a wall - 20 - thickness of 1 mm. Each cooling pipe was fitted with a stainless steel twisted tape insert forming two complete turns, to enhance the convective heat transfer to the air.
- test no. 1 the cooling air flow rate was set at 103 SCFM. During steady state, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained. Casting proceeded smootiily and produced a sheet of solidified matte measuring between 1 and 1.5 mm in mickness. The stripping mechanism illustrated in Figure 4 was used to ensure the solidified sheet was detached from die drum.
- Table 1 shows a summary of the steady state operating results for test no. 1, which include the measured temperature of the working substance as recorded by an enclosed tiiermocouple; the measured temperature of the hot exhaust air (incoming air temperature was 25°C); the computed average heat transfer coefficient between the air and the inner wall of a cooling pipe; and die computed rate of heat extraction by the cooling air.
- die highest working substance temperature was achieved widi the greatest coverage.
- - 21 When the coverage by the matte diminished, as was die case when the feed rate dropped, the operating conditions of die drum also changed as highlighted by reductions in d e temperatures of the working substance and cooling air as well as the reduction in die rate of heat extraction.
- test no. 2 the air flow rate was increased to 130 SCFM widi identical casting conditions.
- Table 2 A summary of the operating results is shown in Table 2 below. It can be noted from tiiese d at in comparison to the test no. 1, d e temperatures of the working substance and exhaust air are lower while die heat transfer coefficient and rate of heat l o extraction are higher in test no. 2. This is in keeping with the embodiments of me present invention wherein one skilled in the art would expect such results.
- diat die present heat pipe drum system is not only effective in solidifying copper matte, but also in recovering the extracted heat as high grade energy suitable for a variety of applications. For example, it may be used for preheating cold charge or reagents, for drying of wet concentrates or charge material or for steam generation. This makes the present heat pipe caster an energy efficient unit
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU26052/99A AU739532B2 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 1999-02-16 | System and method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of molten materials with heat pipe drums |
CA 2324149 CA2324149A1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 1999-02-16 | System and method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of molten materials with heat pipe drums |
EP19990905990 EP1060043A1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 1999-02-16 | System and method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of molten materials with heat pipe drums |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2456798A | 1998-02-17 | 1998-02-17 | |
US09/024,567 | 1998-02-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999042236A1 true WO1999042236A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
Family
ID=21821252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA1999/000145 WO1999042236A1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 1999-02-16 | System and method for the continuous solidification and/or granulation of molten materials with heat pipe drums |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1060043A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU739532B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2324149A1 (en) |
PE (1) | PE20000376A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999042236A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA991022B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002064257A2 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-22 | Egon Evertz K.G. (Gmbh & Co.) | Method and device for preparing slag in order to form granulates |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3770047A (en) * | 1972-01-10 | 1973-11-06 | Trw | Apparatus for unidirectionally solidifying metals |
US4604136A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1986-08-05 | Ab Svensk Alunskifferutveckling | Method and an apparatus for subdivision of and heat recovery from a liquid slag |
US5076352A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1991-12-31 | Thermacore, Inc. | High permeability heat pipe wick structure |
US5191925A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1993-03-09 | Usinor Sacilor | Roll for a device for the direct continuous casting of thin strips of molten metal |
US5310166A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1994-05-10 | Noranda, Inc. | Self-cooling lance or tuyere |
US5411075A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-05-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Roll for use in casting metal products and an associated method |
-
1999
- 1999-02-09 ZA ZA9901022A patent/ZA991022B/en unknown
- 1999-02-16 CA CA 2324149 patent/CA2324149A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-16 AU AU26052/99A patent/AU739532B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-16 WO PCT/CA1999/000145 patent/WO1999042236A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-02-16 EP EP19990905990 patent/EP1060043A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-17 PE PE1999000142A patent/PE20000376A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3770047A (en) * | 1972-01-10 | 1973-11-06 | Trw | Apparatus for unidirectionally solidifying metals |
US4604136A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1986-08-05 | Ab Svensk Alunskifferutveckling | Method and an apparatus for subdivision of and heat recovery from a liquid slag |
US5191925A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1993-03-09 | Usinor Sacilor | Roll for a device for the direct continuous casting of thin strips of molten metal |
US5076352A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1991-12-31 | Thermacore, Inc. | High permeability heat pipe wick structure |
US5310166A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1994-05-10 | Noranda, Inc. | Self-cooling lance or tuyere |
US5411075A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-05-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Roll for use in casting metal products and an associated method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
NARASIMHA RAO K. E.A.: "A unidirectional atomizer for rapid solidification process", MATERIALS LETTERS, vol. 2, no. 5a, June 1984 (1984-06-01), pages 407 - 410, XP002104459 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002064257A2 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-22 | Egon Evertz K.G. (Gmbh & Co.) | Method and device for preparing slag in order to form granulates |
WO2002064257A3 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2003-04-03 | Evertz Egon Kg Gmbh & Co | Method and device for preparing slag in order to form granulates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU739532B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
AU2605299A (en) | 1999-09-06 |
PE20000376A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
CA2324149A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
EP1060043A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
ZA991022B (en) | 1999-08-10 |
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