WO1999022233A1 - Error detection device with ultrasonic signals for continuous plastic strips, profiles or tubes - Google Patents

Error detection device with ultrasonic signals for continuous plastic strips, profiles or tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999022233A1
WO1999022233A1 PCT/EP1998/006807 EP9806807W WO9922233A1 WO 1999022233 A1 WO1999022233 A1 WO 1999022233A1 EP 9806807 W EP9806807 W EP 9806807W WO 9922233 A1 WO9922233 A1 WO 9922233A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
measuring heads
tube
level
strip
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/006807
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Torsten Schulze
Original Assignee
Friedrich Theysohn Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friedrich Theysohn Gmbh filed Critical Friedrich Theysohn Gmbh
Priority to JP2000518276A priority Critical patent/JP2001521170A/en
Priority to EP98955524A priority patent/EP1027599A1/en
Publication of WO1999022233A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999022233A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/27Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/96Safety devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92247Optical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92447Moulded article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92647Thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9279Errors or malfunctioning, e.g. for quality control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92942Moulded article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/104Number of transducers two or more emitters, one receiver
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2692Tyres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for error detection and material testing in continuous strips, profiles and tubes with ultrasonic signals, which are distributed from across the width of the strip or profile or the circumference of the tube and stationary measuring heads are introduced into the plastic and their reflected signals from the measuring heads recorded and fed to an evaluation unit.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for the complete detection of errors and seamless material testing in continuous strips, profiles and tubes.
  • the measuring heads are arranged next to one another and transversely to the direction of travel of the strip, profile or tube in such a way that they capture the strip or tube without gaps, and that the evaluation unit detects them from the individual Measuring heads for the same unit of length of the strip, profile or tube supplied reflected signals linked together in such a way that only the errors are processed.
  • individual sensors can be combined to form a block or several segments.
  • the signals from adjacent measuring heads are assigned a differential level and / or addition level, each differential level being assigned an error display and each addition level assigned to the adjacent measuring heads being assigned a differential level with error display and an addition level in a subsequent link level.
  • the evaluation unit is supplied with many ultrasound signals from the individual measuring heads for the same length unit of the strip / profile / tube.
  • the large amount of signals is reduced to a few. This makes it possible for the Evaluation unit delivers a manageable result for the subsequent unit / operator.
  • the invention assumes that the signals picked up by two measuring heads are generally only the same if no fault location has been determined. If an error location is determined, it will appear in one of the two signals, so that when the two signals are subtracted, the error location can be clearly identified.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of a tube wall with four assigned measuring heads in cross section
  • Figure 3 shows an evaluation unit for linking signals.
  • a plurality of measuring heads 1, 2, 3, 4 are arranged around the entire circumference of the tube R, the ultrasonic pulses in initiate the tube R and reflected signals S1, S2, S3, S4 this
  • Typical reflected signals in FIG. 2 are signals S1, S2. With these signals there is a first reflection when it hits the pipe outer wall and a second reflection after passing through the pipe wall on the pipe inner wall. In the two diagrams it is the big swings. The second large deflection is smaller than the first large deflection because the signal was attenuated when it passed through the pipe wall. In addition, the two diagrams include two much smaller swings that are due to defects are. The much smaller deflection in diagram S1 indicates an error in the middle area of the pipe wall, while the significantly smaller deflection in diagram S2 indicates an error on the inner pipe wall. The signal reflected on the inner wall of the pipe and the error signal are reproduced individually only for the sake of better illustration.
  • the electronic evaluation unit shown in FIG. 3 is preferably used to link the signals S1, S2 and further signals S3, S4.
  • the reflected signals S1, S2, S3, S4 supplied by the measuring heads 1, 2, 3, 4 are fed to this evaluation unit at the same time.
  • the signals are linked here at different levels.
  • stage Ml ⁇ there is a difference between the signals S1, S2. If an error signal is contained in the signal S1 or S2, the output signal is stage Ml ⁇ ⁇ O.
  • a monitoring circuit T1 designed, for example, as a trigger, a corresponding alarm signal is emitted in the event of an error.
  • signals S1, S2 are added.
  • the summed signal of the signals S1, S2 is supplied to both a stage M ⁇ for difference formation and a stage M ⁇ for addition in a subordinate logic level.
  • the signals S3, S4 are linked to one another in a corresponding manner. So there is a level M2 ⁇ Difference formation of the signals S3, S4 and in the stage M2 ⁇ a sum formation of the signals S3, S4.
  • the output signal of stage M2 ⁇ is applied to a monitoring circuit T2 designed as a trigger, which gives an alarm signal in the case of an output signal of stage M2 ⁇ ⁇ O.
  • stage M2 ⁇ for sum formation is supplied on the one hand to the already mentioned stage M ⁇ for subtraction and on the other hand to stage M ⁇ for sum formation with the output signal of stage Ml ⁇ taken at the two signals S1, S2.
  • stage M ⁇ in the subordinate link level mentioned is assigned a monitoring circuit T3 designed as a trigger, which in
  • the level M ⁇ for forming the sum in the subordinate link level provides a signal at further levels for forming the difference and for forming the sum in the next link level.
  • the evaluation unit can comprise several linking levels in order to determine the number of links to keep the operator relevant signals as small as possible.
  • the output signal of stage M® for summation in the last link level is a measure of the wall thickness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an error device with ultrasonic signals for continuous plastic strips, profiles or tubes. Stationary measuring heads are arranged and spread out along the width of the strip or on the circumference of the tube. Said measuring heads inject ultrasonic signals into the plastic and pick up reflected signals. The number of evaluation-relevant signals is reduced by mathematical combination of subtraction and addition steps.

Description

Einrichtung zur Fehlererfassung bei durchlaufenden Bändern, Profilen oder Rohren aus Kunststoff mit UltraschallsignalenDevice for error detection in continuous belts, profiles or pipes made of plastic with ultrasonic signals
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Fehlererfassung und Materialprüfung bei durchlaufenden Bändern, Profilen und Rohren mit Ultraschallsignalen, die von über die Breite des Bandes oder Profils beziehungsweise den Umfang des Rohres verteilt und stationär angeordneten Meßköpfen in den Kunststoff eingeleitet werden und deren reflektierte Signale von den Meßköpfen aufgenommen und einer Auswerteeinheit zugeführt werden.The invention relates to a device for error detection and material testing in continuous strips, profiles and tubes with ultrasonic signals, which are distributed from across the width of the strip or profile or the circumference of the tube and stationary measuring heads are introduced into the plastic and their reflected signals from the measuring heads recorded and fed to an evaluation unit.
Bei einer bekannten Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art (US-PS 4,740,146) für Rohre sind einige wenige Meßköpfe mit verhältnismäßig großem gegenseitigen Abstand stationär angeordnet und erfassen auf diese Art und Weise die Rohrwand an nur wenigen sich in Durchlaufrichtung des Rohres erstreckender Streifen. Eine solche Einrichtung mag zur Wanddickenmessung ausreichen, weil Dickenschwankungen über den Umfang sich meist nicht auf schmale Längsstreifen beschränken, sondern sich über einen größeren Umfangsbereich erstrecken. Für die Erfassung von Fehlern ist eine solche Einrichtung aber nicht geeignet, da Fehler häufig nur auf einen sehr kleinen Ort beschränkt sind.In a known device of the type mentioned (US Pat. No. 4,740,146) for pipes, a few measuring heads are arranged stationary with a relatively large mutual distance and in this way detect the pipe wall on only a few strips extending in the direction of passage of the pipe. Such a device may be sufficient for wall thickness measurement because thickness fluctuations over the circumference are usually not limited to narrow longitudinal strips, but rather extend over a larger circumferential area. However, such a device is not suitable for recording errors, since errors are often restricted to a very small location.
Die Überprüfung der Rohrwand über ihren gesamten Umfang ist allerdings mit einer anderen bekannten Einrichtung (DE 40 33 443 AI) möglich, die einen über den gesamten Umfang des Rohres umlaufenden Meßkopf aufweist. Der Antrieb eines solchen Meßkopfes und seine Führung macht jedoch einen erheblichen mechanischen Aufwand erforderlich. Hinzu kommt, daß mit einem solchen Meßkopf das durchlaufende Rohr nur auf Spiralbahnen erfaßt werden kann. Somit kann es auch hier Bereiche geben, die nicht erfaßt werden.Checking the pipe wall over its entire circumference is possible with another known device (DE 40 33 443 AI), one over the entire Has circumference of the circumferential measuring head. However, driving such a measuring head and guiding it requires considerable mechanical effort. In addition, with such a measuring head, the continuous tube can only be detected on spiral tracks. This means that there can also be areas that are not covered.
Bei einer anderen bekannten Einrichtung zur Fehlererfassung durchlaufender Langprodukte (US-PS 5,431,054) ist vorgesehen, daß einem Ultraschallsender mehrere Empfänger zugeordnet sind. Ultraschallsender und Empfänger sind auf einer Linie in Durchlaufrichtung des Langproduktes angeordnet. Damit das Langprodukt vollflächig erfaßt werden kann, muß neben der Linearbewegung des Langproduktes in Laufrichtung auch eine Relativbewegung in Umlaufrichtung erfolgen. Allein schon eine solche Konstellation ist gegenüber einer Einrichtung zur Fehlererfassung mit einem einzigen quer zur Laufrichtung des Bandes oder um ein Rohr herumlaufenden sendenden und empfangenden Meßkopf oder mit mehreren stationär und quer zur Laufrichtung eines Bandes oder um ein Rohr herum angeordneten sendenden und empfangenden Meßköpfen aufwendig.In another known device for error detection of long products passing through (US Pat. No. 5,431,054) it is provided that several receivers are assigned to one ultrasonic transmitter. Ultrasonic transmitters and receivers are arranged on a line in the direction of passage of the long product. So that the full length of the long product can be grasped, in addition to the linear movement of the long product in the running direction, there must also be a relative movement in the circumferential direction. Such a constellation alone is complex compared to a device for fault detection with a single transmitting and receiving measuring head running transversely to the direction of travel of the band or around a tube or with several transmitting and receiving measuring heads arranged stationary and transverse to the running direction of a band or around a pipe.
Bei einer bekannten Einrichtung zur Ultraschallprüfung vor allem im medizinischen Bereich (US-PS 4,680,966), die ebenfalls nur einen einzigen Ultraschallsender und mehrere diesem zugeordnete Empfänger aufweist, werden die parallel empfangenen Signale verschiedenen Differenzstufen und anschließend einer Additionsstufe zugeführt. In diesem Stand der Technik wird nicht beschrieben, wie die räumliche Anordnung der Empfänger in bezug auf eine vollflächige Fehlererfassung des Meßobjektes wie einem durchlaufenden Band oder Rohr verwirklicht werden soll.In a known device for ultrasound testing, especially in the medical field (US Pat. No. 4,680,966), which likewise has only a single ultrasound transmitter and several receivers assigned to it, the signals received in parallel are fed to different differential stages and then to an addition stage. This prior art does not describe how the spatial arrangement of the receivers with respect to a full-surface error detection of the Object to be measured such as a continuous belt or pipe.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zur lückenlosen Erfassung von Fehlern und lückenlosen Materialprüfung bei durchlaufenden Bändern, Profilen und Rohren zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a device for the complete detection of errors and seamless material testing in continuous strips, profiles and tubes.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß die Meßköpfe nebeneinander und quer zur Durchlaufrichtung des Bandes, Profiles beziehungsweise Rohres derart angeordnet sind, daß sie das Band beziehungsweise das Rohr lückenlos erfassen, und daß die Auswerteeinheit die ihr von den einzelnen Meßköpfen für dieselbe Längeneinheit des Bandes, Profiles beziehungsweise Rohres zugeleiteten reflektierten Signale miteinander derart verknüpft, daß nur die Fehler verarbeitet werden. Insbesondere können einzelne Sensoren zu einem Block oder mehreren Segmenten zusammengefaßt sein. Darüber hinaus ist nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß den Signalen benachbarter Meßköpfe eine Differenzstufe und/oder Additionsstufe zugeordnet ist, wobei jeder Differenzstufe eine Fehleranzeige und jeder den benachbarten Meßköpfen zugeordneten Additionsstufe in einer folgenden Verknüpfungsebene eine Differenzstufe mit Fehleranzeige und eine Additionsstufe zugeordnet ist.This object is achieved with a device of the type mentioned above in that the measuring heads are arranged next to one another and transversely to the direction of travel of the strip, profile or tube in such a way that they capture the strip or tube without gaps, and that the evaluation unit detects them from the individual Measuring heads for the same unit of length of the strip, profile or tube supplied reflected signals linked together in such a way that only the errors are processed. In particular, individual sensors can be combined to form a block or several segments. In addition, according to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the signals from adjacent measuring heads are assigned a differential level and / or addition level, each differential level being assigned an error display and each addition level assigned to the adjacent measuring heads being assigned a differential level with error display and an addition level in a subsequent link level.
Bei der Erfindung werden der Auswerteeinheit viele Ultraschallsignale von den einzelnen Meßköpfen für dieselbe Längeneinheit des Bandes/Profils/Rohres zugeleitet. Durch die Verknüpfung, sei es durch Subtraktion der Signale untereinander, sei es durch Addition wird die große Menge der Signale auf einige wenige reduziert. Dadurch ist es möglich, daß die Auswerteeinheit ein für die Folgeeinheit/Bediener überschaubares Ergebnis liefert. Bei dieser Meßmethode geht die Erfindung davon aus, daß die von zwei Meßköpfen aufgenommenen Signale in der Regel nur dann gleich sind, wenn keine Fehlerstelle ermittelt wurde. Wird eine Fehlerstelle ermittelt, dann wird sie in einem der beiden Signale erscheinen, so daß bei Subtraktion der beiden Signale die Fehlerstelle eindeutig zu identifizieren ist. Für den seltenen Fall aber, daß zwei reflektierte Signale jeweils eine gleichartige Fehlerstelle umfassen, so daß bei der Subtraktion kein Fehlersignal angezeigt wird, ist es möglich, eine Fehleranzeige dadurch zu erreichen, daß nicht nur jedes Signal mit nur einem anderen Signal, sondern mit einem weiteren oder mehreren weiteren Signalen verknüpft wird. Insbesondere kann durch Differenzbildung der Ausgangssignale von paarweise durch Addition verknüpfte Signale eine Fehlererkennung ermöglicht werden. Bei solchen Verknüpfungen ist es praktisch ausgeschlossen, daß alle verknüpften Signale die gleichen Fehlerstellen beinhalten. Die Verknüpfung der Signale durch Subtraktion und Addition kann mehrmals wiederholt werden, um zu einer möglichst geringen 7_nzahl der anzuzeigenden Signale zu kommen. Eine Anzeige erfolgt in den einzelnen Verknüpfungsebenen nur dann, wenn bei einer Verknüpfung, zum Beispiel bei einer Subtraktion von zwei Signalen, das Ausgangssignal ≠O ist.In the invention, the evaluation unit is supplied with many ultrasound signals from the individual measuring heads for the same length unit of the strip / profile / tube. By linking, either by subtracting the signals from one another or by adding, the large amount of signals is reduced to a few. This makes it possible for the Evaluation unit delivers a manageable result for the subsequent unit / operator. With this measuring method, the invention assumes that the signals picked up by two measuring heads are generally only the same if no fault location has been determined. If an error location is determined, it will appear in one of the two signals, so that when the two signals are subtracted, the error location can be clearly identified. In the rare case, however, that two reflected signals each have a similar error location, so that no error signal is displayed during subtraction, it is possible to achieve an error display by not only having each signal with only one other signal, but with one further or more further signals is linked. In particular, error detection can be made possible by forming the difference between the output signals and signals linked in pairs by addition. With such links it is practically impossible that all linked signals contain the same error points. The combination of the signals by subtraction and addition can be repeated several times in order to achieve the lowest possible number of the signals to be displayed. The individual link levels are only displayed if the output signal is ≠ O in the case of a link, for example when two signals are subtracted.
Mit der Erfindung ist es aber nicht nur möglich, Fehlerstellen im Band/Profil/Rohr festzustellen, sondern auch die Dicke. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Verküpfung durch Addition der Signale. Aus diesem Summensignal kann dann mit den üblichen Methoden die Wanddicke ermittelt werden. Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Im einzelnen zeigen:With the invention, it is not only possible to determine defects in the strip / profile / tube, but also the thickness. In this case, the linkage takes place by adding the signals. The wall thickness can then be determined from this sum signal using the usual methods. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing which represents an exemplary embodiment. In detail show:
Figur 1 einen Ausschnitt aus einer Rohrwandung mit vier zugeordneten Meßköpfen im Querschnitt,FIG. 1 shows a section of a tube wall with four assigned measuring heads in cross section,
Figur 2 verschiedene reflektierte Signale und deren VerknüpfungFigure 2 different reflected signals and their combination
u n dand
Figur 3 eine Auswerteeinheit für die Verknüpfung von Signalen.Figure 3 shows an evaluation unit for linking signals.
Um die Wandung eines durchlaufenden Rohres aus Kunststoff, zum Beispiel eines vom Extruder kommenden Rohres R vollflächig erfassen zu können, sind um den gesamten Umfang des Rohres R herum in einem Ring eine Vielzahl von Meßköpfen 1,2,3,4 angeordnet, die Ultraschallimpulse in das Rohr R einleiten und reflektierte Signale S1,S2,S3,S4 dieserIn order to be able to detect the entire surface of the wall of a continuous plastic tube, for example a tube R coming from the extruder, a plurality of measuring heads 1, 2, 3, 4 are arranged around the entire circumference of the tube R, the ultrasonic pulses in initiate the tube R and reflected signals S1, S2, S3, S4 this
Ultraschallimpulse empfangen und an eine Auswerteeinheit weiterleiten.Receive ultrasound pulses and forward them to an evaluation unit.
Typische reflektierte Signale sind in Figur 2 die Signale S1,S2. Bei diesen Signalen findet eine erste Reflexion beim Auftreffen auf die Rohraußenwand und eine zweite Reflexion nach Durchlaufen der Rohrwandung an der Rohrinnenwand statt. In den beiden Diagrammen sind es die großen Ausschläge. Dabei ist der zweite große Ausschlag kleiner als der erste große Ausschlag, weil das Signal beim Durchlaufen der Rohrwand gedämpft worden ist. Daneben umfassen die beiden Diagramme zwei wesentlich kleinere Ausschläge, die auf Fehlerstellen zurückzuführen sind. Der wesentlich kleinere Ausschlag im Diagramm Sl zeigt einen Fehler im mittleren Bereich der Rohrwand an, während der wesentlich kleinere Ausschlag im Diagramm S2 einen Fehler an der Rohrinnenwand anzeigt. Nur der besseren Darstellung wegen sind das an der Rohrinnenwand reflektierte Signal und das Fehlersignal einzeln wiedergegeben. In Wirklichkeit erhält man ein Summensignal dieser beiden Signale. Für die Auswertung werden die beiden Signale S1,S2 subtrahiert. Im Ergebnis erhält man dann ein Signal S=S1-S2, das nur noch die Fehlerstellen umfaßt, wie es in Figur 2, unten dargestellt ist. Das vereinfacht die Auswertung gegenüber der Einzelauswertung der Signale S1,S2 erheblich.Typical reflected signals in FIG. 2 are signals S1, S2. With these signals there is a first reflection when it hits the pipe outer wall and a second reflection after passing through the pipe wall on the pipe inner wall. In the two diagrams it is the big swings. The second large deflection is smaller than the first large deflection because the signal was attenuated when it passed through the pipe wall. In addition, the two diagrams include two much smaller swings that are due to defects are. The much smaller deflection in diagram S1 indicates an error in the middle area of the pipe wall, while the significantly smaller deflection in diagram S2 indicates an error on the inner pipe wall. The signal reflected on the inner wall of the pipe and the error signal are reproduced individually only for the sake of better illustration. In reality you get a sum signal of these two signals. The two signals S1, S2 are subtracted for the evaluation. As a result, a signal S = S1-S2 is then obtained which only comprises the error points, as shown in FIG. 2, below. This considerably simplifies the evaluation compared to the individual evaluation of the signals S1, S2.
Zur Verknüpfung der Signale Sl,S2 und weiterer Signale S3,S4 dient vorzugsweise die in Figur 3 dargestellte elektronische Auswerteeinheit. Die von den Meßköpfen 1,2,3,4 gelieferten reflektierten Signale S1,S2,S3,S4 werden dieser Auswerteeinheit zeitgleich zugeführt. Die Signale werden hier in verschiedenen Ebenen miteinander verknüpft. In der Stufe MlΘ erfolgt eine Differenzbildung zwischen den Signalen S1,S2. Ist in dem Signal Sl oder S2 ein Fehlersignal enthalten, ist das Ausgangssignal der Stufe MlΘ ≠O. Mit einer, zum Beispiel als Trigger ausgelegten Überwachungsschaltung Tl wird im Fehlerfall ein entsprechendes Alarmsignal abgegeben werden. In der Stufe MlΘ erfolgt eine Addition der Signale S1,S2. Das aufsummierte Signal der Signale S1,S2 wird sowohl einer Stufe MΘ zur Differenzbildung und einer Stufe Mθ zur Addition in einer nachgeordneten Verknüpfungsebene zugeführt.The electronic evaluation unit shown in FIG. 3 is preferably used to link the signals S1, S2 and further signals S3, S4. The reflected signals S1, S2, S3, S4 supplied by the measuring heads 1, 2, 3, 4 are fed to this evaluation unit at the same time. The signals are linked here at different levels. In stage MlΘ there is a difference between the signals S1, S2. If an error signal is contained in the signal S1 or S2, the output signal is stage MlΘ ≠ O. With a monitoring circuit T1 designed, for example, as a trigger, a corresponding alarm signal is emitted in the event of an error. In stage MlΘ, signals S1, S2 are added. The summed signal of the signals S1, S2 is supplied to both a stage MΘ for difference formation and a stage Mθ for addition in a subordinate logic level.
Die Signale S3,S4 werden in entsprechender Weise miteinander verknüpft. So erfolgt in der Stufe M2Θ eine Differenzbildung der Signale S3,S4 und in der Stufe M2θ eine Summenbildung der Signale S3,S4. Das Ausgangssignal der Stufe M2Θ liegt an einer als Trigger ausgebildeten Überwachungsschaltung T2 an, die im Falle eines Ausgangssignals der Stufe M2Θ ≠O ein Alarmsignal gibt.The signals S3, S4 are linked to one another in a corresponding manner. So there is a level M2Θ Difference formation of the signals S3, S4 and in the stage M2θ a sum formation of the signals S3, S4. The output signal of stage M2Θ is applied to a monitoring circuit T2 designed as a trigger, which gives an alarm signal in the case of an output signal of stage M2Θ ≠ O.
Das Ausgangssignal der Stufe M2Θ zur Summenbildung wird einerseits der bereits erwähnten Stufe MΘ zur Subtraktion und andererseits einer Stufe Mφ zur Summenbildung mit dem an den beiden Signalen S1,S2 genommenen Ausgangssignal der Stufe MlΘ zugeführt. Der Stufe MΘ in der erwähnten nachgeordneten Verknüpfungsebene ist eine als Trigger ausgebildete Überwachungsschaltung T3 zugeordnet, die imThe output signal of stage M2Θ for sum formation is supplied on the one hand to the already mentioned stage MΘ for subtraction and on the other hand to stage Mφ for sum formation with the output signal of stage MlΘ taken at the two signals S1, S2. The stage MΘ in the subordinate link level mentioned is assigned a monitoring circuit T3 designed as a trigger, which in
Falle, daß das Signal ≠O ist, ein Alarmsignal erzeugt.If the signal is ≠ O, an alarm signal is generated.
Die Stufe MΘ zur Summenbildung in der nachgeordneten Verknüpfungsebene liefert ein Signal an weiteren Stufen zur Differenzbildung und zur Summenbildung in der nächstfolgenden Verknüpfungsstufe .The level MΘ for forming the sum in the subordinate link level provides a signal at further levels for forming the difference and for forming the sum in the next link level.
Mit dieser zweifachen Verknüpfung durch Differenz- und Summenbildung verschiedener Signale wird erreicht, daß Fehler auch dann erfaßt werden können, wenn sie gleich sind, so daß bei einer Verknüpfung durch Subtraktion sie einander aufheben. Sind zum Beispiel die Fehler in den Signalen Sl und S2 gleich, dann treten sie verstärkt in dem Summensignal am Ausgang der Stufe MlΘ auf. Da erwartet werden kann, daß sie nicht auch in den Signalen S3,S4 auftreten, ergibt sich durch Differenzbildung desWith this two-way linkage by difference and sum formation of different signals it is achieved that errors can be detected even if they are the same, so that when they are linked by subtraction they cancel each other out. For example, if the errors in the signals S1 and S2 are the same, then they occur increasingly in the sum signal at the output of the stage MlΘ. Since it can be expected that they do not also appear in the signals S3, S4, the difference is obtained by the
Summensignals der Stufen MlΘ und M2Θ ein Signal für den Fehler.Sum signal of the stages MlΘ and M2Θ a signal for the error.
Es versteht sich, daß die Auswerteeinheit mehrere Verknüpfungsebenen umfassen kann, um die Anzahl der für den Bediener relevanten Signale möglichst klein zu halten. Darüber hinaus ist das Ausgangssignal der Stufe M® zur Summenbildung in der letzten Verknüpfungsebene ein Maß für die Wanddicke. It goes without saying that the evaluation unit can comprise several linking levels in order to determine the number of links to keep the operator relevant signals as small as possible. In addition, the output signal of stage M® for summation in the last link level is a measure of the wall thickness.

Claims

PA T E N TAN S P RÜ C H E PA TEN TAN SP RUCHE
1. Einrichtung zur Fehlererfassung bei durchlaufenden Bändern oder Rohren aus Kunststoff mit Ultraschallsignalen, die von über die Breite des Bandes beziehungsweise am Umfang des Rohres verteilt und stationär angeordneten Meßköpfen in den Kunststoff eingeleitet und deren reflektierte Signale von ihnen aufgenommen und einer Auswerteeinheit zugeführt werden, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Meßköpfe nebeneinander und quer zur Durchlaufrichtung des Bandes oder Rohres derart angeordnet sind, daß sie das Band beziehungsweise das Rohr lückenlos erfassen, und daß die Auswerteeinheit die ihr von den einzelnen Meßköpfen für dieselbe Längeneinheit des Bandes beziehungsweise Rohres zugeleiteten reflektierten Signale miteinander derart verknüpft, daß nur Fehler gemeldet werden.1. Device for error detection in continuous strips or pipes made of plastic with ultrasonic signals, which are distributed from across the width of the strip or on the circumference of the tube and introduced stationary measuring heads into the plastic and whose reflected signals are recorded by them and fed to an evaluation unit, characterized that the measuring heads are arranged next to one another and transversely to the direction of travel of the strip or tube in such a way that they capture the strip or the tube without gaps, and that the evaluation unit links the reflected signals supplied by the individual measuring heads for the same unit of length of the strip or tube to one another in such a way that only errors are reported.
2. Einrichtung zur Fehlererfassung nach .Anspruch 1, da d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß den Signalen (Sl, S2, S3, S4) benachbarter Meßköpfe (1,2,3,4) eine Differenzstufe (MlΘ,M2Θ) und/oder Additionsstufe (M1Θ,M2Φ) zugeordnet ist, wobei jeder Differenzstufe2. Device for error detection according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals (Sl, S2, S3, S4) of adjacent measuring heads (1, 2, 3, 4) have a differential stage (MlΘ, M2Θ) and / or addition stage (M1Θ, M2Φ) is assigned, each difference level
(MlΘ,M2Θ) eine Fehleranzeige (T) und jeder den benachbarten Meßköpfen (1,2,3,4) zugeordneten Additionsstufe (M1Θ,M2Θ) in einer folgenden Verknüpfungsebene einer Dif erenzstufe (MΘ) mit(MlΘ, M2Θ) an error display (T) and each of the adjacent measuring heads (1,2,3,4) assigned addition level (M1Θ, M2Θ) in a subsequent link level of a dif erence level (MΘ) with
Fehleranzeige (T) und eine Additionsstufe (M®) zugeordnet ist. Error display (T) and an addition level (M®) is assigned.
PCT/EP1998/006807 1997-10-29 1998-10-27 Error detection device with ultrasonic signals for continuous plastic strips, profiles or tubes WO1999022233A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2000518276A JP2001521170A (en) 1997-10-29 1998-10-27 Device for detecting defects in plastic ribbons, parts or tubes by ultrasonic signals
EP98955524A EP1027599A1 (en) 1997-10-29 1998-10-27 Error detection device with ultrasonic signals for continuous plastic strips, profiles or tubes

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DE19747637.6 1997-10-29
DE19747637A DE19747637C2 (en) 1997-10-29 1997-10-29 Device for fault detection in continuous strips, profiles or pipes made of plastic with ultrasonic signals

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