WO1999019137A1 - Three-dimensional strengthening material - Google Patents

Three-dimensional strengthening material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999019137A1
WO1999019137A1 PCT/BE1998/000151 BE9800151W WO9919137A1 WO 1999019137 A1 WO1999019137 A1 WO 1999019137A1 BE 9800151 W BE9800151 W BE 9800151W WO 9919137 A1 WO9919137 A1 WO 9919137A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strengthening
dimensional
piles
synthetic resin
composite material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BE1998/000151
Other languages
French (fr)
Dutch (nl)
Inventor
Etienne Claeys
Original Assignee
N.V. Syncoglas S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by N.V. Syncoglas S.A. filed Critical N.V. Syncoglas S.A.
Priority to AU95245/98A priority Critical patent/AU9524598A/en
Publication of WO1999019137A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019137A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C17/00—Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
    • D05C17/02—Tufted products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional strengthening material for use as textile reinforcement in composites.
  • the invention further relates to the composite materials containing such a strengthening material and a method for strengthening plastic products.
  • composites is used for plastics which are strengthened with a textile reinforcement.
  • textile reinforcements can take the form of woven fabrics, mats, membranes, non-wovens, knits and the like or combinations thereof.
  • synthetic resins can be strengthened by mixing short fibres of about 1 to 8 mm therein. Although such a mix provides strengthening in all directions, i.e. the X-, Y- and Z-direction, or in longitudinal direction, transverse direction and height direction, the mechanical properties of such composites into which fibres are mixed are however limited.
  • Composites which are strengthened with woven fabrics or webs consisting of endless threads have the highest strength values, because the mechanical values are greatly dependent on the length of the strengthening fibre.
  • the great drawback however is that they provide no strengthening in the Z-direction.
  • the result hereof is that the composite materials fail because the different layers of strengthening material delaminate from each other under continuous load.
  • a three- dimensional strengthening material comprising a basic layer, consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement for strengthening in X-direction and Y-direction, and piles tufted into the basic layer and extending substantially in Z-direction for strengthening in the Z- direction.
  • "Pile” in this application is understood to mean a loop- or thread-like fibre or fibre bundle arranged in a basic layer by means of the tufting technique.
  • Such a strengthening material is that it can be manufactured in relatively simple manner and that by choosing the parameters of the tufting process a strengthening material can be obtained which has long or short piles and piles with a large or small density.
  • two specimens of such a three-dimensional strengthening material will generally be used, wherein the piles will point toward each other in the end product. Because it is possible to vary the length of the piles and also the distance between the tops of the piles of two specimens of strengthening material pointing toward each other, a great variation in thickness of the final composite material is possible, wherein a high delamination resistance and impact resistance in the Z-direction can nevertheless be obtained.
  • a per se known textile reinforcement is used as basic layer.
  • Such textile reinforcements are for instance woven fabrics, webs, mats, membranes, knits or combinations thereof in suitable materials such as glass fibre, aramid fibre, carbon fibre, synthetic fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, vegetable fibres such as flax, cotton, jute, hemp, animal fibres such as wool, and the like.
  • the basic layers thereby also provide strength in X-direction and Y-direction.
  • the piles of the strengthening material can be manufactured from the same or a different material from the basic layer.
  • the piles can therefore be manufactured from glass fibre, ara id fibre, carbon fibre, synthetic fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polya ide, vegetable fibres such as flax, cotton, jute, hemp, animal fibres such as wool, and the like.
  • Loop-like piles are in principle created during tufting. However, thread-like piles can likewise be formed by clipping or cutting the piles at the top.
  • the three-dimensional strengthening material according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as textile reinforcement in a composite material.
  • a composite material comprises a synthetic resin or a combination of synthetic resins having incorporated therein a strengthening material according to the invention.
  • Such a composite material is preferably a sandwich material consisting of two outer layers which are formed by the basic layer of the three-dimensional strengthening material, which is impregnated with synthetic resin or incorporated in synthetic resin, and which have therebetween an intermediate layer of a foamed synthetic resin, in which are arranged the piles of the three-dimensional strengthening material extending inward from the outer layer.
  • the piles are as it were anchored in the foamed synthetic resin which can for instance be a polyurethane or a polystyrene foam.
  • the advantage of foam is that the final sandwich thereby becomes less solid and less heavy than when a solid intermediate layer is used.
  • the invention also relates however to a sandwich material consisting of two outer layers which are each formed by the basic layer of the three-dimensional strengthening material, which is impregnated with synthetic resin or incorporated in synthetic resin, and which have therebetween and connected thereto an intermediate layer which is formed by the piles of the three-dimensional strengthening material which are impregnated with a synthetic resin or are incorporated therein and extend inward from the outer layer.
  • a composite material is of course much more solid than when the intermediate layer is foamed.
  • the composite materials according to the invention can be manufactured by means of per se known techniques, such as hand lay-up, vacuum technique, RIM, RTM, moulding, pultrusion and so on.
  • the invention further relates to a method for strengthening plastic products, comprising of manufacturing a plastic product with the use of a three- dimensional strengthening material according to the invention.
  • the plastic product can also be manufactured directly from a composite material according to the invention.
  • the composite material according to the invention can be applied particularly advantageously in plastic products requiring a high impact resistance, such as car bumpers, boats and the like.
  • the three-dimensional strengthening material according to the invention is manufactured by providing a basic layer, consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement, and tufting piles into the basic layer in Z-direction.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a three- dimensional strengthening material according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the material of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a partly broken-away perspective view of a sandwich panel in which the strengthening material according to the invention is used
  • Figure 4 shows a partly broken-away perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the sandwich of Figure 3.
  • Figure 1 shows a view of a tufted three-dimensional strengthening material 1 according to the invention.
  • basic layer 2 is a woven fabric consisting of warp threads in X-direction 3 and weft threads in Y- direction 4. Loops 5 extending in Z-direction are tufted therein at a relatively low density.
  • Figure 2 shows a similar type of three-dimensional strengthening material according to the invention with a higher density of loops.
  • Figure 3 shows a sandwich structure in which the strengthening material according to the invention is applied.
  • the material consists of two three-dimensional strengthening materials 1 according to the invention with the loops 5 directed toward each other. Loops 5 extend into a foam layer 6, which is arranged between two outer layers 7, each consisting of the basic layer 2 of strengthening material 1 according to the invention which is impregnated in a resin.
  • figure 4 shows an embodiment wherein the tops of the tufted loops 5 make mutual contact and wherein the direction of the loops is displaced 90° relative to each other.

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional strengthening material (1) for composites comprising a basic layer (2), consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement (3, 4) for strengthening in X-direction and Y-direction, and piles (5) tufted into the basic layer and extending substantially in Z-direction for strengthening in the Z-direction, and a composite material comprising a synthetic resin or a combination of synthetic resins having incorporated therein the strengthening material according to the invention.

Description

THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRENGTHENING MATERIAL
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional strengthening material for use as textile reinforcement in composites. The invention further relates to the composite materials containing such a strengthening material and a method for strengthening plastic products.
The term composites is used for plastics which are strengthened with a textile reinforcement. Such textile reinforcements can take the form of woven fabrics, mats, membranes, non-wovens, knits and the like or combinations thereof. In addition, synthetic resins can be strengthened by mixing short fibres of about 1 to 8 mm therein. Although such a mix provides strengthening in all directions, i.e. the X-, Y- and Z-direction, or in longitudinal direction, transverse direction and height direction, the mechanical properties of such composites into which fibres are mixed are however limited.
Composites which are strengthened with woven fabrics or webs consisting of endless threads have the highest strength values, because the mechanical values are greatly dependent on the length of the strengthening fibre. The great drawback however is that they provide no strengthening in the Z-direction. The result hereof is that the composite materials fail because the different layers of strengthening material delaminate from each other under continuous load.
Composites are however often also loaded in the Z- direction. In such a case a three-dimensional strengthening is necessary. In order to achieve this a double woven fabric has for instance been proposed in WO 94/01272 which consists of two woven fabrics which are mutually connected by means of pile threads. The weaving technique which has to be used for such a strengthening layer is however relatively complicated and requires expensive and complex machines. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a new three- dimensional strengthening material, which can be manufactured in simple manner.
This is achieved by the invention by a three- dimensional strengthening material comprising a basic layer, consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement for strengthening in X-direction and Y-direction, and piles tufted into the basic layer and extending substantially in Z-direction for strengthening in the Z- direction. "Pile" in this application is understood to mean a loop- or thread-like fibre or fibre bundle arranged in a basic layer by means of the tufting technique.
The advantage of such a strengthening material is that it can be manufactured in relatively simple manner and that by choosing the parameters of the tufting process a strengthening material can be obtained which has long or short piles and piles with a large or small density. For strengthening of a composite material two specimens of such a three-dimensional strengthening material will generally be used, wherein the piles will point toward each other in the end product. Because it is possible to vary the length of the piles and also the distance between the tops of the piles of two specimens of strengthening material pointing toward each other, a great variation in thickness of the final composite material is possible, wherein a high delamination resistance and impact resistance in the Z-direction can nevertheless be obtained.
A per se known textile reinforcement is used as basic layer. Such textile reinforcements are for instance woven fabrics, webs, mats, membranes, knits or combinations thereof in suitable materials such as glass fibre, aramid fibre, carbon fibre, synthetic fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, vegetable fibres such as flax, cotton, jute, hemp, animal fibres such as wool, and the like. The basic layers thereby also provide strength in X-direction and Y-direction.
The piles of the strengthening material can be manufactured from the same or a different material from the basic layer. The piles can therefore be manufactured from glass fibre, ara id fibre, carbon fibre, synthetic fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polya ide, vegetable fibres such as flax, cotton, jute, hemp, animal fibres such as wool, and the like. Loop-like piles are in principle created during tufting. However, thread-like piles can likewise be formed by clipping or cutting the piles at the top.
The three-dimensional strengthening material according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as textile reinforcement in a composite material. Such a composite material comprises a synthetic resin or a combination of synthetic resins having incorporated therein a strengthening material according to the invention. Such a composite material is preferably a sandwich material consisting of two outer layers which are formed by the basic layer of the three-dimensional strengthening material, which is impregnated with synthetic resin or incorporated in synthetic resin, and which have therebetween an intermediate layer of a foamed synthetic resin, in which are arranged the piles of the three-dimensional strengthening material extending inward from the outer layer. The piles are as it were anchored in the foamed synthetic resin which can for instance be a polyurethane or a polystyrene foam. The advantage of foam is that the final sandwich thereby becomes less solid and less heavy than when a solid intermediate layer is used.
The invention also relates however to a sandwich material consisting of two outer layers which are each formed by the basic layer of the three-dimensional strengthening material, which is impregnated with synthetic resin or incorporated in synthetic resin, and which have therebetween and connected thereto an intermediate layer which is formed by the piles of the three-dimensional strengthening material which are impregnated with a synthetic resin or are incorporated therein and extend inward from the outer layer. Such a composite material is of course much more solid than when the intermediate layer is foamed. There are however applications wherein such a solid sandwich is preferred. The composite materials according to the invention can be manufactured by means of per se known techniques, such as hand lay-up, vacuum technique, RIM, RTM, moulding, pultrusion and so on. The invention further relates to a method for strengthening plastic products, comprising of manufacturing a plastic product with the use of a three- dimensional strengthening material according to the invention. The plastic product can also be manufactured directly from a composite material according to the invention. The composite material according to the invention can be applied particularly advantageously in plastic products requiring a high impact resistance, such as car bumpers, boats and the like. The three-dimensional strengthening material according to the invention is manufactured by providing a basic layer, consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement, and tufting piles into the basic layer in Z-direction. The present invention will be further elucidated on the basis of the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding reference numerals refer to corresponding components and in which:
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a three- dimensional strengthening material according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the material of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows a partly broken-away perspective view of a sandwich panel in which the strengthening material according to the invention is used;
Figure 4 shows a partly broken-away perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the sandwich of Figure 3. Figure 1 shows a view of a tufted three-dimensional strengthening material 1 according to the invention. In the shown case basic layer 2 is a woven fabric consisting of warp threads in X-direction 3 and weft threads in Y- direction 4. Loops 5 extending in Z-direction are tufted therein at a relatively low density. Figure 2 shows a similar type of three-dimensional strengthening material according to the invention with a higher density of loops.
Figure 3 shows a sandwich structure in which the strengthening material according to the invention is applied. The material consists of two three-dimensional strengthening materials 1 according to the invention with the loops 5 directed toward each other. Loops 5 extend into a foam layer 6, which is arranged between two outer layers 7, each consisting of the basic layer 2 of strengthening material 1 according to the invention which is impregnated in a resin.
Finally, figure 4 shows an embodiment wherein the tops of the tufted loops 5 make mutual contact and wherein the direction of the loops is displaced 90° relative to each other.
*****

Claims

1. Three-dimensional strengthening material for composites comprising a basic layer, consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement for strengthening in X- direction and Y-direction, and piles tufted into the basic layer and extending substantially in Z-direction for strengthening in the Z-direction.
2. Three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the basic layer is a woven fabric, web, mat, membrane, knit or a combination thereof.
3. Three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the basic layer is manufactured from glass fibre, ara id fibre, carbon fibre, synthetic fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, vegetable fibres such as flax, cotton, jute, hemp, animal fibres such as wool, and the like.
4. Three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piles are manufactured from glass fibre, aramid fibre, carbon fibre, synthetic fibres such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, vegetable fibres such as flax, cotton, jute, hemp, animal fibres such as wool, and the like.
5. Three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in claims 1-4, characterized in that the piles are loop-like or thread-like.
6. Three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in claims 1-5 for use as textile reinforcement in a composite material.
7. Composite material comprising a synthetic resin or a combination of synthetic resins having incorporated therein a strengthening material as claimed in claims 1-5.
8. Composite material as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the material is a sandwich material consisting of two outer layers which are each formed by the basic layer of the three-dimensional strengthening material, which is impregnated with synthetic resin or incorporated in synthetic resin, and which have therebetween an intermediate layer of a foamed synthetic resin, in which are arranged the piles of the three- dimensional strengthening material extending inward from the outer layer.
9. Composite material as claimed in claim 7 or 8 , characterized in that the material is a sandwich material consisting of two outer layers which are each formed by the basic layer of the three-dimensional strengthening material, which is impregnated with synthetic resin or incorporated in synthetic resin, and which have therebetween and connected thereto an intermediate layer which is formed by the piles of the three-dimensional strengthening material which are impregnated with a synthetic resin or are incorporated therein and extend inward from the outer layer.
10. Composite material as claimed in claims 7-9, characterized in that the tops of the piles of two three- dimensional strengthening materials located mutually opposite do not make mutual contact.
11. Composite material as claimed in claims 7-9, characterized in that the tops of the piles of two three- dimensional strengthening materials located mutually opposite make mutual contact.
12. Composite material as claimed in claims 7-11, characterized in that the synthetic resin is chosen from thermo-setting synthetic resins and thermoplastic synthetic resins and particularly from polyester resin, epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, phenol resin etc.
13. Composite material as claimed in claims 7-12, characterized in that the foamed synthetic resin is chosen from polyurethane, polystyrene etc.
14. Method for strengthening plastic products, comprising of manufacturing a plastic product with the use of a three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in any of the claims 1-5.
15. Composite material as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the plastic product is manufactured from a composite material as claimed in claims 7-13.
16. Method of manufacturing a three-dimensional strengthening material as claimed in claims 1-5, comprising of providing a basic layer, consisting of a per se known textile reinforcement, and tufting piles into the basic layer in Z-direction.
*****
PCT/BE1998/000151 1997-10-15 1998-10-14 Three-dimensional strengthening material WO1999019137A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU95245/98A AU9524598A (en) 1997-10-15 1998-10-14 Three-dimensional strengthening material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1007281 1997-10-15
NL1007281A NL1007281C2 (en) 1997-10-15 1997-10-15 Three-dimensional reinforcement material.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999019137A1 true WO1999019137A1 (en) 1999-04-22

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WO (1) WO1999019137A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003097335A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2003-11-27 Groep Stevens International, Naamloze Vennootschap Tufted composite laminate
BE1014841A3 (en) * 2002-05-22 2004-05-04 Groep Stevens Int Nv Production of a tufted composite laminate comprising two face sheets of fibrous reinforcing material sandwiched between a sheet of core material, having an improved interlaminar strength and reinforcement in the Z-direction
WO2004037521A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-06 Owens Corning Composite exterior cladding panel and method of manufacture
EP1560701A2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-08-10 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for z-direction reinforcement of composite laminates
WO2005108705A3 (en) * 2004-05-11 2005-12-15 Groep Stevens Int Nv Reinforced sandwich structure
WO2006117395A1 (en) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Groep Stevens International Support panel structure
EP2128321A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2009-12-02 Nat Style Limited Device and method for continous production of a three dimensional fabric for making panels
EP2189277A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-26 BAE Systems PLC Fibre reinforced composite
WO2010058196A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Bae Systems Plc Fibre reinforced composite
EP4112283A1 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-04 Airbus Operations GmbH Method for manufacturing a load introduction feature for a fiber composite laminate part

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US4196251A (en) * 1979-04-16 1980-04-01 International Harvester Company Rigidized resinous foam core sandwich structure
EP0174886A1 (en) * 1984-08-14 1986-03-19 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Thermal protecting device resistant to ablation and vibration, and production method therefor
EP0356930A2 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-07 The B.F. Goodrich Company Composite laminates comprising matrix bound plies having interlocked transverse fibers and a method of making the same
DE3835046A1 (en) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Hoechst Ag Single-sheet textile spacer material, layered product manufactured therefrom, and manufacture thereof
FR2718670A1 (en) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-20 Aerospatiale Part has core and composite material coating covering faces

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1362018A (en) * 1962-06-20 1964-05-29 Moelnlycke Ab Laminated plastic sheets or similar product and method for making such
US4196251A (en) * 1979-04-16 1980-04-01 International Harvester Company Rigidized resinous foam core sandwich structure
EP0174886A1 (en) * 1984-08-14 1986-03-19 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Thermal protecting device resistant to ablation and vibration, and production method therefor
EP0356930A2 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-07 The B.F. Goodrich Company Composite laminates comprising matrix bound plies having interlocked transverse fibers and a method of making the same
DE3835046A1 (en) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Hoechst Ag Single-sheet textile spacer material, layered product manufactured therefrom, and manufacture thereof
FR2718670A1 (en) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-20 Aerospatiale Part has core and composite material coating covering faces

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003097335A1 (en) * 2002-05-22 2003-11-27 Groep Stevens International, Naamloze Vennootschap Tufted composite laminate
BE1014841A3 (en) * 2002-05-22 2004-05-04 Groep Stevens Int Nv Production of a tufted composite laminate comprising two face sheets of fibrous reinforcing material sandwiched between a sheet of core material, having an improved interlaminar strength and reinforcement in the Z-direction
WO2004037521A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-06 Owens Corning Composite exterior cladding panel and method of manufacture
US8214981B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2012-07-10 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for Z-direction reinforcement of composite laminates
EP1560701A4 (en) * 2002-11-01 2006-11-22 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc Method and apparatus for z-direction reinforcement of composite laminates
EP1560701A2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-08-10 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for z-direction reinforcement of composite laminates
US7993477B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2011-08-09 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Method and apparatus for Z-direction fiber insertion of discrete fibers for reinforcement of composite laminates
AU2005240676B2 (en) * 2004-05-11 2011-06-02 Groep Stevens International, Naamloze Vennootschap Reinforced sandwich structure
US9156207B2 (en) 2004-05-11 2015-10-13 Groep Stevens International Reinforced sandwich structure
EA008962B1 (en) * 2004-05-11 2007-10-26 Груп Стевенс Интернэшнл, Намлозе Веннотсхап Reinforced sandwich structure
WO2005108705A3 (en) * 2004-05-11 2005-12-15 Groep Stevens Int Nv Reinforced sandwich structure
US8034428B2 (en) 2004-05-11 2011-10-11 Groep Stevens International Reinforced sandwich structure
EA012676B1 (en) * 2005-05-04 2009-12-30 Груп Стевенс Интернэшнл Support panel structure
US7905072B2 (en) 2005-05-04 2011-03-15 Groep Stevens International Support panel structure
US8263217B2 (en) 2005-05-04 2012-09-11 Groep Stevens International Support panel structure
WO2006117395A1 (en) * 2005-05-04 2006-11-09 Groep Stevens International Support panel structure
US8136463B2 (en) 2008-05-26 2012-03-20 Nat Style Limited Device and method for continuous production of a three dimensional fabric for making panels
EP2128321A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2009-12-02 Nat Style Limited Device and method for continous production of a three dimensional fabric for making panels
WO2010058196A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Bae Systems Plc Fibre reinforced composite
EP2189277A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-26 BAE Systems PLC Fibre reinforced composite
JP2012509414A (en) * 2008-11-19 2012-04-19 ビ−エイイ− システムズ パブリック リミテッド カンパニ− Fiber reinforced composite material
AU2009316988B2 (en) * 2008-11-19 2013-09-05 Bae Systems Plc Fibre reinforced composite
US10035333B2 (en) 2008-11-19 2018-07-31 Bae Systems Plc Fibre reinforced composite
EP4112283A1 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-04 Airbus Operations GmbH Method for manufacturing a load introduction feature for a fiber composite laminate part

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Publication number Publication date
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NL1007281C2 (en) 1999-04-19

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