WO1999018976A1 - Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin - Google Patents
Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999018976A1 WO1999018976A1 PCT/US1998/021349 US9821349W WO9918976A1 WO 1999018976 A1 WO1999018976 A1 WO 1999018976A1 US 9821349 W US9821349 W US 9821349W WO 9918976 A1 WO9918976 A1 WO 9918976A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1883—Neuregulins, e.g.. p185erbB2 ligands, glial growth factor, heregulin, ARIA, neu differentiation factor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for treatment of certain neurological- related injuries and disorders comprising use of a neuregulin, or a fragment or derivative of a neuregulin, or a nucleic acid encoding a neuregulin or neuregulin fragment or derivative.
- Nerve cell death can cause potentially devastating and irreversible effects for an individual and may occur e.g. as a result of stroke, heart attack or other brain or spinal chord ischemia or trauma. Additionally, neurodegenerative disorders involve nerve cell death (degeneration) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Down's Syndrome and Korsakoff s disease.
- nerve growth factor has been evaluated in certain neuroprotective models.
- NGF nerve growth factor
- Osteogenic protein- 1 OP-1
- OP-1 Osteogenic protein- 1
- Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor GDNF was reported to exhibit trophic activity on certain populations of central neurons.
- neuroprotective agents particularly agents to limit the extent or otherwise treat nerve cell death (degeneration) that occur with stroke, heart attack or brain or spinal cord trauma, or to treat Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral
- Sclerosis Down's Syndrome and Korsakoff s disease. It also would be desirable to have agents that promote repair, remodeling or reprogramming after stroke or other neuronal injury.
- the present invention provides methods for treatment and/or prophylaxis of certain neurological-related disorders, particularly treatment or prophylaxis of the effects of stroke, brain or spinal cord injury or ischemia, heart attack, optic nerve and retinal injury and ischemia and other acute-type conditions disclosed herein as well as chronic-type conditions, specifically epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Down's Syndrome,
- Korsakoff s disease, cerebral palsy and/or age-dependent dementia also include therapies for promoting repair, remodeling or reprogramming after stroke or other neuronal injury.
- the methods of the invention comprise administration of an effective amount of neuregulin, or fragment or derivative of a neuregulin, or a nucleic acid encoding a neuregulin or a neuregulin fragment or derivative (i.e. gene therapy), to a patient suffering from or susceptible to such conditions.
- Neuregulins are members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) superfamily and include glial growth factor (GGF), acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity (ARIA), neu differentiation factor (NDF) and heregulms (HRF).
- GGF glial growth factor
- ARIA acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity
- NEF neu differentiation factor
- HRF heregulms
- neuregulins and fragments and derivatives thereof can be employed in the methods of the invention.
- suitable agents have been disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,530,109 and PCT/US93/07491.
- Neuregulins also have been reported in U.S. Patent 5,367,060.
- Preferred neuregulins include regions shown in FIGS. 1-2 (SEQ ID NOS. 2 and 4), also known as the E sequence.
- Preferred neuregulins or fragments or derivatives also include those that contain the C, C/D or C/D' sequences as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 respectively of the drawings, or those neuregulins or fragments or derivatives that have substantial homology to the peptide sequences shown in Figures 7, 8 or 9, e.g. at least about 70 percent homology, or at least about 80 percent homology, or more preferably at least about 90 or 95 percent homology to the peptide sequences shown in Figures 7, 8 or 9.
- Preferred nucleic acids and fragments and derivatives for use in the methods of the invention include those nucleic acids that include one or more nucleic acids sequences shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings, or those nucleic acids that that have substantial homology to the nucleic acid sequences shown in Figures 7, 8 or 9, e.g. at least about 70, 80, 90 or 95 percent homology to the nucleic acid sequences shown in Figures 7, 8 or 9.
- a particularly preferred neuregulin is encoded by DNA obtainable from the clone pGGF2HBSll (ATCC Deposit No. 75347). Also preferred are neuregulins encoded by DNA obtainable from GGF2BPP5, GGF2BPP2 and GGF2BPP4.
- Typical patients that may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention are persons suffering from brain or spinal cord trauma or ischemia, stroke, heart attack, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, post-surgical neurological deficits, decreased blood flow or nutrient supply to retinal tissue or optic nerve, retinal trauma or ischemia or optic nerve injury.
- Patients suffering from chronic-type conditions also may be treated in accordance with the invention, specifically subjects suffering from or susceptible to epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Down's Syndrome, Korsakoff s disease, cerebral palsy and/or age-dependent dementia.
- a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof or nucleic acid encoding same may be administered to promote repair, remodeling or reprogramming to a subject that has suffered stroke or other neuronal injury such as traumatic brain or spinal cord injury.
- the therapeutic agent may be suitably administered to the subject over an extended period following the injury, e.g. at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 16 weeks following the injury.
- FIG. 1 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:l) encoding a preferred neuregulin region (E segment of human GGF) and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) of that preferred region.
- FIG. 2 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) encoding a preferred neuregulin region (E segment of bovine GGF) and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO : 4) of that preferred region.
- FIG. 3 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:6-7) encoding further neuregulin regions (B segment of human and bovine GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS:5 and 8) of those regions.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine B segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine B segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human B segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human B segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIG. 4 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 10-11) encoding further neuregulin regions (A segment of human and bovine GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS:9 and 12) of those regions.
- Line 1 is the predicted .amino acid sequence of bovine A segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine A segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human A segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human A segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIG. 5 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 13) encoding a further neuregulin region (A' segment of bovine GGF) and the predicted amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:14) of that region.
- FIG. 6 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 16- 17) encoding further neuregulin regions (G segment of bovine and human GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 15 and 18) of that region.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine G segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine G segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human G segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human G segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIG. 7 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:20-21) encoding further neuregulin regions (C segment of bovine and human GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 19 and 22) of those regions.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine C segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine C segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human C segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human C segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIG. 8 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:24-25) encoding further neuregulin regions (C/D segment of hum.an and bovine GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS:23 and 26) of those regions.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine C/D segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine C/D segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human C/D segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human C/D segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:28-29) encoding a further neuregulin region (C/D' segment of the human and bovine GGF) and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:27) of that region.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of the C/D' segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine C/D' segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human C/D' segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line).
- FIG. 10 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS :31-32) encoding a further neuregulin region (D segment of the human and bovine GGF) and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:30) of that region.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of the D segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine D segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human D segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line).
- FIG. 11 shows nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:34) encoding a further neuregulin region (D' segment of bovine GGF) .and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:33) of that region.
- FIGS. 12A-12B show nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:36-37) encoding further neuregulin regions (H segment of human and bovine GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO:35 and 38) of that region.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine H segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine H segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human H segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human H segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIG. 13 shows a nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:40) encoding a further neuregulin region (K segment of bovine GGF) .and the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:39) of that region.
- FIGS. 14A-14C show nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:42-43) encoding a further neuregulin region (L segment of bovine and human GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NO:41 and 44) of that region.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine L segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine L segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human L segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human L segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIG. 15 shows nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS:46-47) encoding further neuregulin regions (F segment of bovine and human GGF) and amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS:45 and 48) of that region.
- Line 1 is the predicted amino acid sequence of bovine F segment
- line 2 is a nucleotide sequence of bovine F segment
- line 3 is a nucleotide sequence of human F segment (nucleotide base matches are indicated with a vertical line)
- line 4 is the predicted amino acid sequence of human F segment shown where it differs from the bovine sequence set forth in line 1 of the figure.
- FIGS. 16A-16C show the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:49) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:50) of GGF2BPP4.
- FIGS. 17A-17B show the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:51) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:52) of GGF2BPP2.
- FIGS. 18A-18B show the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:53) and deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:54) of GGF2BPP5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- preferred neuregulins for use in the therapeutic methods of the present invention include those disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,530,109 and PCT/US93/07491, incorporated herein by reference.
- Particularly preferred neuregulins comprise an amino acid sequence of the following formula: WYBAZCX wherein WYBAZCX is composed of amino acid sequences that include one or more sequences shown in FIGS.
- W comprises the polypeptide segment F, or is absent
- Y comprises the polypeptide segment E, or is absent
- Z comprises the polypeptide segment G or is absent
- X comprise a polypeptide segment selected from the group consisting of C/D HKL, C/D H, C/D HL, C/D D, C/D' HL, C/D' HKL, C/D' H, C/D' D, C/D C/D' HKL, C/D C/D' H, C/D C/D' HL, C/D C/D' D, C/d D'H, C/D D' HL, C/D D' HKL, C/D' D' H, C/D' D' HL, C/D' D' HL, C/D' D' HKL, C/D' D' H, C/D' D' HL, C/D' D' HKL, C/D' D' H, C/D' D' HL, C/D
- Particularly preferred neuregulins also include those polypeptides that include the segments FB polypeptides that include the segments FBA' (i.e. the groups F, B and A' as defined herein including in the drawings); polypeptides that include the segments EBA (i.e. the groups E, B and A as defined herein including in the drawings); polypeptides that include the segments EBA' (i.e. the groups E, B and A' as defined herein including in the drawings); A (i.e. the group A as defined herein including in the drawings); polypeptides that include the segments FEBA (i.e. the groups F, E, B and A as defined herein including in the drawings); polypeptides that include the segments FBA' (i.e. the groups F, B and A' as defined herein including in the drawings); and polypeptides that include the segments FEBA' (i.e. the groups F, E, B and A' as defined herein including in the drawings).
- a “fragment” or “derivative” of a neuregulin refers to herein 1) a peptide in which one or more amino acid residues are with a conserved or non-conserved amino acid residue (preferably a conserved amino acid residue) and such substituted amino acid residue may or may not be one encoded by the genetic code, or (ii) a peptide in which one or more of the amino acid residues includes a substituent group, or (iii) a peptide in which the mature protein is fused with another compound, such as a compound to increase the half-life of the polypeptide (for example, polyethylene glycol).
- a fragment or derivative for use in accordance with the methods of the invention includes a proprotein, which can be activated by cleavage of the proprotein portion to produce an active mature polypeptide.
- the polypeptide fragments and derivatives of the invention are of a sufficient length to uniquely identify a region of a neuregulin.
- Neuregulin fragments thus preferably comprise at least 8 amino acids, usually at least about 12 amino acids, more usually at least about 15 amino acids, still more typically at least about 30 amino acids, even more typically at least about 50 or 70 amino acids.
- Preferred fragments or derivatives for use in the methods of the invention include those that have at least about 70 percent homology (sequence identity) to any of the preferred sequences mentioned above, more preferably about 80 percent or more homology to any of the preferred sequences mentioned above, still more preferably about 85 to 90 percent or more homology to any of the preferred sequences mentioned above.
- Sequence identity or homology with respect to a neuregulin as referred to herein is the percentage of amino acid sequences of a neuregulin protein or fragment or derivative thereof that are identical with a specified sequence, after introducing any gaps necessary to achieve the maximum percent homology.
- the neuregulin fragments and derivatives for use in the methods of the invention preferably exhibit good activity in standard neuroprotective assays such as the in vivo cerebral ischemia assay of Example 1, which follows. That assay includes the following steps: a) continuous intraventricular infusion of the protein fragment or derivative or vehicle alone to test rats for three days prior to inducing focal ischemic infarcts in right lateral cerebral cortex; and b) twenty-four hours after inducing ischemic infarcts, infarct volume in each test animal is determined by image analysis.
- standard neuroprotective assays such as the in vivo cerebral ischemia assay of Example 1, which follows. That assay includes the following steps: a) continuous intraventricular infusion of the protein fragment or derivative or vehicle alone to test rats for three days prior to inducing focal ischemic infarcts in right lateral cerebral cortex; and b) twenty-four hours after inducing ischemic infarcts, infarct volume in each test animal is determined by image analysis.
- a protein fragment or derivative of the invention provides at least about a 10% reduction in infarct volume relative to vehicle-treated animals, more preferably about a 20% reduction in infarct volume, still more preferably about a 25% reduction in infarct volume relative to vehicle-treated animals in such an assay.
- References herein to in vivo cerebral ischemia assay are intended to refer to an assay of the above steps a) and b), which are more fully described in Example 1 which follows.
- neuregulin nucleic acid fragments and derivatives are also provided for use in the methods of the invention.
- Those fragments and derivatives typically are of a length sufficient to bind to a sequence of any of the nucleic acid sequences shown in Figures 1-15 of the drawings, including SEQ ID NOS:l, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42 and 43 under the following moderately stringent conditions (referred to herein as "normal stringency” conditions): use of a hybridization buffer comprising 20% formamide in 0.8M saline/0.08M sodium citrate (SSC) buffer at a temperature of 37°C and remaining bound when subject to washing once with that SSC buffer at 37°C.
- SSC sodium citrate
- Preferred neuregulin nucleic acid fragments and derivatives of the invention will bind to a sequence of any of the nucleic acid sequences shown in Figures 1-15 of the drawings, including SEQ ID NOS:l, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42 and 43 under the following highly stringent conditions (referred to herein as "high stringency” conditions): use of a hybridization buffer comprising 20% formamide in 0.9M saline/0.09M sodium citrate (SSC) buffer at a temperature of 42°C and remaining bound when subject to washing twice with that SSC buffer at 42°C.
- SSC sodium citrate
- the neuregulin nucleic acid fragments and derivatives preferably should comprise at least 20 base pairs, more preferably at least about 50 base pairs, and still more preferably a nucleic acid fragment or derivative of the invention comprises at least about 100, 200, 300 or 400 base pairs.
- the nucleic acid fragment or derivative is bound to some moiety which permits ready identification such as a radionucleotide, fluorescent or other chemical identifier.
- Isolated neuregulin and peptide fragments or derivatives of the invention are preferably produced by recombinant methods, although suitable neuregulins also can be isolated from various sources. See the procedures disclosed U.S. Patent 5,530,109; U.S. Patent 5,367,060; and PCT/US93/07491, incorporated herein by reference. A wide variety of molecular and biochemical methods are available for generating and expressing neuregulin; see e.g. the procedures disclosed in Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (2nd Ed., Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Eds. Aufubel, Brent, guitarist, More,
- neuregulin or fragments or derivatives thereof may be obtained by chemical synthesis, or more preferably by expression in bacteria such as E coli and eukaryotes such as yeast, baculovirus, or mammalian cell-based expression systems, etc., depending on the size, nature and quantity of neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof. More particularly, a recombinant DNA molecule comprising a vector and a DNA segment encoding neuregulin, or a fragment or derivative thereof, can be constructed. Suitable vectors include e.g.
- the DNA segment can be present in the vector operably linked to regulatory elements, e.g., a promoter (e.g., polyhedron, T7 or metallothionein (Mt-I) promoters), or a leader sequence to provide for secretory expression of the polypeptide.
- a promoter e.g., polyhedron, T7 or metallothionein (Mt-I) promoters
- Mt-I metallothionein
- the recombinant DNA molecule containing the DNA coding for a neuregulin or a fragment or derivative thereof can be introduced into appropriate host cells by known methods.
- suitable host cells include e.g. prokaryotes such as E. coli, Bacillus subtilus, etc., and eukaryote such as animal cells and yeast strains, e.g., S. cerevisiae.
- Mammalian cells may be preferred such as J558, NSO, SP2-0 or CHO.
- conventional culturing conditions can be employed. See Sambrook, supra. Stable transformed or transfected cell lines can then be selected.
- the expressed neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof then can be isolated and purified by known methods.
- the culture medium is centrifuged and the supernatant purified by affinity or immunoaffinity chromatography, e.g. Protein-A or Protein-G affinity chromatography or an immunoaffinity protocol comprising use of monoclonal antibodies that bind neuregulins.
- affinity or immunoaffinity chromatography e.g. Protein-A or Protein-G affinity chromatography or an immunoaffinity protocol comprising use of monoclonal antibodies that bind neuregulins.
- Neuregulin nucleic acids used in the methods of the invention are typically isolated, meaning the nucleic acids comprise a sequence joined to a nucleotide other than that which it is joined to on a natural chromosome and usually constitute at least about 0.5%, preferably at least about 2%, and more preferably at least about 5% by weight of total nucleic acid present in a given fraction.
- a partially pure nucleic acid constitutes at least about 10%, preferably at least about 30%, and more preferably at least about 60% by weight of total nucleic acid present in a given fraction.
- a pure nucleic acid constitutes at least about 80%, preferably at least about 90%, and more preferably at least about 95% by weight of total nucleic acid present in a given fraction.
- the present invention includes methods for treating and preventing certain neurological-related injuries and disorders, comprising the administration of an effective amount of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same, to a subject including a mammal, particularly a human, in need of such treatment.
- the invention provides methods for treatment and/or prophylaxis of nerve cell death (degeneration) resulting from hypoxia, hypoglycemia, brain or spinal cord ischemia, brain or spinal cord trauma, stroke, heart attack or drowning.
- Typical candidates for treatment include e.g. heart attack, stroke and/or persons suffering from cardiac arrest neurological deficits, brain or spinal cord injury patients, patients undergoing major surgery such as heart surgery where brain ischemia is a potential complication and patients such as divers suffering from decompression sickness due to gas emboli in the blood stream.
- Candidates for treatment also will include those patients undergoing a surgical procedure involving extra-corporal circulation such as e.g. a bypass procedure.
- the invention also provides methods for treatment which comprise administration of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same, to a patient that is undergoing surgery or other procedure where brain or spinal cord ischemia is a potential risk.
- carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure employed to correct atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries.
- Major risks associated with the procedure include intraoperative embolization and the danger of hypertension in the brain following increased cerebral blood flow, which may result in aneurysm or hemorrhage.
- an effective amount of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same could be administered pre-operatively or peri-operatively to reduce such risks associated with carotid endarterectomy, or other post-surgical neurological deficits.
- the invention also is effective to promote and enhance recovery from acute nerve cell death and neurological conditions.
- a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same could be administered to promote repair, remodeling or reprogramming to a patient that has suffered from stroke or other neuronal injury, suitably for an extended period as discussed above.
- a therapeutic agent of the invention also could be administered post-operatively to promote recovery from any neurological deficits that may have occurred to a patient that has undergone surgery.
- the invention further includes methods for prophylaxis against neurological deficits resulting from e.g. coronary artery bypass graft surgery and aortic valve replacement surgery, or other procedure involving extra-corporal circulation.
- Those methods will comprise administering to a patient undergoing such surgical procedures an effective amount of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same, typically either pre-operatively or peri-operatively.
- the invention also provides methods for prophylaxis and treatment against neurological injury for patients undergoing myocardial infarction, a procedure that can result in ischemic insult to the patient.
- Such methods will comprise administering to a patient undergoing such surgical procedure an effective amount of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same, typically either pre- operatively or peri-operatively.
- methods for treating or preventing neuropathic pain such as may be experienced by cancer patients, persons having diabetes, amputees and other persons who may experience neuropathic pain.
- These methods for treatment comprise administration of an effective .amount of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding same, to a patient in need of such treatment.
- the invention also provides methods for treatment and prophylaxis against retinal ischemia or degeneration and resulting visual loss.
- a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof can be administered parenterally or by other procedure as described herein to a subject a suffering from or susceptible to ischemic insult that may adversely affect retinal function, e.g., significantly elevated intraocular pressures, diseases such as retinal artery or vein occlusion, diabetes or other ischemic ocular-related diseases.
- Post-ischemic administration also may limit retinal damage.
- the invention also includes methods for treating and prophylaxis against decreased blood flow or nutrient supply to retinal tissue or optic nerve, or treatment or prophylaxis against retinal trauma or optic nerve injury.
- Subjects for treatment according to such therapeutic methods of the invention may be suffering or susceptible to retinal ischemia that is associated with atherosclerosis, venous capillary insufficiency, obstructive .arterial or venous retinopathies, senile macular degeneration, cystoid macular edema or glaucoma, or the retinal ischemia may be associated with a tumor or injury to the mammal. Intravitreal injection also may be a preferred administration route to provide more direct treatment to the ischemic retina.
- the invention further includes methods for treating a person suffering from or susceptible to epilepsy, emesis, narcotic withdrawal symptoms and age-dependent dementia, comprising administering to a subject including a mammal, particularly a human, an effective amount of a neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof, in an amount effective to treat the condition.
- a neuregulin or a fragment or derivative thereof will be preferably administered to a subject rather than a neuregulin nucleic acid, particularly where a patient is suffering from or susceptible to an acute neurological injury that demands immediate therapy.
- neuregulin polypeptide may be preferred to a patient suffering from stroke, heart attack, traumatic brain injury and the like where it is desired to deliver the active therapeutic as quickly as possible.
- neuregulin peptides and nucleic acids may be suitably administered to a subject such as a mammal, particularly a human, by any of a number of routes including parenteral (including subcutaneous, intr.amuscul.ar, intravenous and intradermal), oral, rectal, nasal, vaginal and optical (including buccal and sublingual) administration.
- a neuregulin protein or nucleic acid or fragment or derivative thereof may be administered to a subject alone or as part of a pharmaceutical composition, comprising the peptide or nucleic acid together with one or more acceptable carriers and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
- the carriers should be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
- Nucleic acids encoding a neuregulin or a neuregulin fragment or derivative can be administered to a patient by generally known gene therapy procedures. See, for example, WO 90/11092 and WO 93/00051.
- the nucleic acids may be introduced into target cells by any method which will result in the uptake and expression of the nucleic acid by the target cells.
- Suitable vectors for administering a nucleic acid in accordance with the invention include chemical conjugates such as described in WO 93/04701, which has targeting moiety (e.g. a ligand to a cellular surface receptor), and a nucleic acid binding moiety (e.g. polylysine), viral vector (e.g. a DNA or RNA viral vector), fusion proteins such as described in PCT US 95/02140 (WO 95/22618) which is a fusion protein containing a target moiety (e.g.
- the vectors can be chromosomal, non-chromosomal or synthetic.
- Preferred vectors include viral vectors, fusion proteins and chemical conjugates.
- Retroviral vectors include moloney murine leukemia viruses. DNA viral vectors are preferred. These vectors include pox vectors such as orthopox or avipox vectors, herpes virus vectors such as a herpes simplex I virus (HSV) vector [A.I. Geller et al., J. Neurochem, 64:487 (1995); F.
- HSV herpes simplex I virus
- Pox viral vectors introduce the gene into the cell cytoplasm.
- Avipox virus vectors result in only a short-term expression of the nucleic acid.
- Adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors .and herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors are preferred for introducing the nucleic acid into neural cells.
- the adenovirus vector results in a shorter term expression (about 2 months) than adeno-associated virus (about 4 months), which in turn is shorter than HSV vectors.
- the particular vector chosen will depend upon the target cell and the specific condition being treated.
- the introduction can be by standard techniques, e.g. infection, transfection, transduction or transformation.
- Examples of modes of gene transfer include e.g., naked DNA, Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 precipitation, DEAE dextran, electroporation, protoplast fusion, lipofecton, cell microinjection, and viral vectors.
- a vector can be employed to target essentially any desired target cell.
- stereotaxic injection can be used to direct the vectors (e.g. adenovirus, HSV) to a desired location.
- the particles can be delivered by intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion using a minipump infusion system, such as a SynchroMed Infusion System.
- a method based on bulk flow termed convection, has also proven effective at delivering large molecules to extended areas of the brain and may be useful in delivering the vector to the target cell (Bobo et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91:2076-2080 (1994); Morrison et al., Am. J. Physiol., 266:292-305 (1994)).
- Other methods that can be used include catheters, intravenous, parenteral, intraperitoneal .and subcutaneous injection, and oral or other known routes of administration.
- Parenteral formulations for administration of a neuregulin or a fragment or derivative thereof may be in the form of liquid solutions or suspensions; for oral administration, formulations may be in the form of tablets or capsules; and for intranasal formulations, in the form of powders, nasal drops, or aerosols.
- Formulations for parenteral administration may, for example, contain as excipients sterile water or saline, polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils of vegetable origin, or hydrogenated naphthalenes, biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers may be used to control the release of the present factors.
- polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol, oils of vegetable origin, or hydrogenated naphthalenes, biocompatible, biodegradable lactide polymer, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers
- Other potentially useful parenteral delivery systems for a neuregulin or fragments or derivatives thereof include ethylene- vinyl acetate copolymer particles, osmotic pumps, implantable infusion systems, and liposomes.
- Formulations for inhalation may contain as excipients, for example, lactose, or may be aqueous solutions containing, for example, polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, glycocholate and deoxycholate, or may be oily solutions for administration in the form of nasal drops, or as a gel to be applied intranasally.
- Formulations for parenteral administration may also include glycocholate for buccal administration, methoxysalicylate for rectal administration, or citric acid for vaginal administration.
- the concentration of a neuregulin or a fragment or derivative thereof, or nucleic acid encoding such polypeptides, administered to a particular subject will vary depending upon a number of issues, including the condition being treated, the mode and site of administration, the age, weight sex and general health of the subject, and other such factors that are recognized by those skilled in the art. Optimal administration rates for a given protocol of administration can be readily determined by those skilled in the art. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples.
- Example 1 In vivo neuroprotection assay
- Neuregulins and neuregulin fragments and derivatives can be assessed for neuroprotective efficacy pursuant to the following assay.
- Mature male Long-Evans rats (Charles River, 250-350g) are allowed food and water ad libitum. Animals are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and placed in a stereotaxic head holder (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA). The dorsal surface of the skull is exposed by midline incision, and a small burr hole (2 mm diameter) is drilled over the right lateral ventricle, 1.6 mm lateral and 0.9 mm posterior to bregma.
- a stainless steel cannula (LD.
- the cannula can be suitably fixed to the skull by orthodontic resin (L.D.
- Vehicle alone containing 127 mM NaCl, 2.6 mM KC1, 1.2 mM CaCl 2 , 0.9 mM MgCl 2 , 4.14 mM HEPES, 3 mM glycerin, 0.001% bovine serum albumin [BSA], and 0.01% fast green), or vehicle neuregulin or fragment or derivative thereof (100 ⁇ gm ml).
- Heparin can be suitably used at relatively low doses, e.g. about 0.8 units/kg/day which is approximately 250-500 times less than a standard anticoagulant dose.
- mice Three days after cannula implantation, animals are reanesthetized with 2% halothane .and given atropine (0.15 mg/kg, i.p.). Animals are then intubated and connected to a ventilator (SAR-830; CWE Inc., Ardmore, PA) delivering 1% halothane/70% nitrous oxide in oxygen.
- the right femoral artery and vein are cannulated for monitoring of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP; Gould RS3200 Blood Pressure Monitor, Gould Inc., Valley View, OH), and blood sampling. Animals are then paralyzed with pancuronium bromide (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.).
- Arterial blood gasses (Corning 178 Blood Gas Analyzer, Ciba Corning Diagnostic Corp., Medford, MA), blood glucose (Accu-Check Blood Glucose Analyzer, Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN), and hematocrit are measured at least twice during surgery and the immediate post-operative period.
- the stroke volume and rate of the ventilator are adjusted to maintain Pa0 2 between 100-200 mm Hg and PaC0 2 between 30-40 mm Hg.
- Core body temperature may be monitored by rectal thermocouple (e.g. Model 73ATA, Yellow Springs Instrument Co., Yellow Springs, OH) and maintained between 36-37°C with a homeothermic blanket control unit (Harvard Bioscience, South Natick, MA).
- the temporal muscle is retracted, and a small (3 mm diameter) craniectomy is made at the junction of the zygoma and squamosal bone using a dental drill cooled with saline.
- a dissecting microscope the dura can be opened with fine forceps, and the right MCA can be ligated with two 10-0 monofilament nylon ties just above the rhinal fissure and transected between the ties.
- Both common carotid arteries then can be occluded by microaneurysm clips for 45 minutes. After removal of the clips, return of flow is visualized in the arteries. Anesthesia is maintained for 15 minutes, and animals are returned to individual cages and fed soft food after surgery.
- Brains are removed, inspected visually for the anatomy of the middle cerebral artery as well as for signs of hemorrhage or infection, immersed in cold saline for 10 minutes, and sectioned into six standard coronal slices (each 2 mm thick) using a rodent brain matrix sheer (Systems, Warren, MI). Brains are also examined visually for the presence of dye (fast green) in the cerebral ventricles. Slices are placed in the vital dye 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
- Volumes of infarcts among vehicle vs. neuregulin-treated animals can be compared by unpaired, two-tailed t-tests for each experiment, and by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; Exp. X Treatment) for combined data.
- a subsequent slice-by-slice analysis of infarct area among pooled neuregulin- vs. vehicle-treated animals is suitably done by repeated measures two-way ANOVA (Treatment X Slice).
- Other anatomical and physiological measurements are compared among GDF-1- vs. vehicle-treated animals by unpaired, two-tailed t-tests using the Bonferroni correction for multiple pairwise comparisons.
- test animals male Sprague-Dawley rats
- a Morris Water Maze a circular tank 1 m in diameter that is filled with 18°C water. The water surface is made opaque with a covering of Styrofoam pieces.
- a submerged platform is present in the maze.
- Each test animal undergoes 20 training trials over a two day period during which they learn to locate the platform using external visual cues.
- animals are anesthetized and subjected to a lateral (parasagittal) fluid-percussion (FP) brain injury.
- FP fluid-percussion
- one suitable assay provides that animals are scored from 0 (severely impaired) to 4 (normal) for each of the following: (1) left and (2) right forelimb during suspension by the tail; (3) left and (4) right hindlimb flexion when the forelimbs remain on a surface and the hindlimbs are lifted up and back by the tail; the ability to resist lateral pulsion to the (5) left and (6) right; and the ability to stand on an inclined plane in the (7) left, (8) right, and (9) vertical positions. Scores are combined for each of the tests (1) through (9). The observer for the tests should be blinded to the animal's previous treatment.
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP98949803A EP1028735A4 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-10-08 | Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin |
AU96042/98A AU745324B2 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-10-08 | Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin |
CA002306228A CA2306228A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-10-08 | Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin |
JP2000515608A JP2001519400A (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-10-08 | Treatment including neuregulin use |
KR1020007003972A KR20010031103A (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-10-08 | Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US6210997P | 1997-10-14 | 1997-10-14 | |
US60/062,109 | 1997-10-14 |
Publications (1)
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WO1999018976A1 true WO1999018976A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
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PCT/US1998/021349 WO1999018976A1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 1998-10-08 | Therapeutic methods comprising use of a neuregulin |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1028735A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001519400A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010031103A (en) |
AU (1) | AU745324B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2306228A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999018976A1 (en) |
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- 1998-10-08 EP EP98949803A patent/EP1028735A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-08 KR KR1020007003972A patent/KR20010031103A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-10-08 AU AU96042/98A patent/AU745324B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-08 CA CA002306228A patent/CA2306228A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CA2306228A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
JP2001519400A (en) | 2001-10-23 |
AU9604298A (en) | 1999-05-03 |
EP1028735A4 (en) | 2003-08-06 |
KR20010031103A (en) | 2001-04-16 |
AU745324B2 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
EP1028735A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
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