WO1999016611A2 - Method and apparatus for the essentially adiabatic compaction of waste materials to ashlars of homogeneous material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the essentially adiabatic compaction of waste materials to ashlars of homogeneous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999016611A2 WO1999016611A2 PCT/IT1998/000258 IT9800258W WO9916611A2 WO 1999016611 A2 WO1999016611 A2 WO 1999016611A2 IT 9800258 W IT9800258 W IT 9800258W WO 9916611 A2 WO9916611 A2 WO 9916611A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- die
- ashlars
- hammer
- municipal
- wastes
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims 8
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010892 non-toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/305—Drive arrangements for the press ram
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the environment- friendly recovery of the cast off, exhausted dumps as well as the reuse of wastes as inert filler.
- this invention proposes the production of ashlars or quarry-stones and/or building cut stones by using municipal and/or industrial solid wastes as raw material possibly mixed with inert quarry materials .
- the method according to the invention provides the compression of such waste materials by dynamic strokes which allow the total, specific volume of such materials to be quickly reduced without internal heat exchange among the original components of the waste materials. Such a method meets two strongly demanded requirements at the same time.
- One object of the invention is to provide a method of compacting wastes that allows a better dump filling efficiency by unit volume so as to both extend the life of the dumps and reduce the need of providing some new one .
- a second object of the present invention is to provide inert filling materials at low cost and in large amount so that they can be used for the restoration of the exhausted or in any case deserted quarries .
- a third object of the invention is to provide a method of reusing and/or reopen old dumps that had been closed as they were completely filled, thus improving the use of the place .
- Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of providing ashlars that can be used as inert materials to be accumulated in a quarry, as building materials for civil and/or industrial and/or road works, and as inert filling and/or ballast materials.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method capable of transforming municipal and/or industrial waste materials into ashlars provided with a certain degree of elasticity.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the whole apparatus ;
- Fig. 2 is a front elevation view of the same apparatus .
- the method according to the invention provides the compaction of wastes and/or inert materials by a compression approaching a perfect adiabatic compression. This is obtained particularly by compacting non-toxic wastes and any inert materials mixed thereto by a stroke of a hammer, i.e. a very high compression force applied during a minute time interval .
- a gas is perfect when it is formed by molecules which are not bound by cohesion forces (as a result of which a perfect gas does not have any determined volume as the rubbish!) so that it is necessary that such a gas meets the following three conditions:
- a liquid is characterized by the fact that its molecules are relatively free of moving to one another but are bound by cohesion forces that constrain them to fill a determined volume. Such a liquid is said ideal when its viscosity is null .
- Wastes are relatively free to slip over one another in the intermediate stroke step, however, the friction produced is rather a viscosity which is a dynamic characteristic above all of liquids.
- wastes are linked to one another so as to show a resistance to an external force that tends to modify their arrangement .
- the ashlar obtained by such a way is a crystal (i.e. a rigid body) , it should be admitted that it is a resilient body.
- the compaction of wastes mixed with inert materials is carried out by causing a weight to fall within a container filled with rubbish.
- a container filled with rubbish.
- Such a container that will hereinafter be referred to as a die consists of vertical walls and preferably a square bottom. If “q" is the side of the bottom square and “h" the height of the die, the inside volume of the die is equal to q 2 h.
- the initial volume of the latter is of course the same as the inside volume of the die, while the final volume after the stroke compression is that of a parallelepiped with square bottom of side "q" and height "z" which varies as a function of the ratio between the initial and final volumes, i.e. the "compression ratio" h/z.
- the modulus of elasticity E of a material is defined by the ratio between the unit tension ⁇ [N/mm 2 or kg/cm 2 ] to which the material is subjected, and the unit deformation ⁇ , i.e.: a
- the final static pressure is of course the pressure exerted by weight P of the hammer on the ashlar after its stop, i.e. the ratio P/q 2 .
- force F making compression work W is equal to the product of mass M of the hammer by the deceleration of the latter along path h-z:
- z/h is the waste compaction factor that depends on the nature of the wastes .
- the result is such as to state in conclusion that 2.1 tons falling from a height of 10 meters in a die with a base of 33 x 33 cm 2 and a height of 330 cm filled with various wastes allows the behaviour of the accumulation to be tested in a representative, biyiUj-iC ⁇ uL. manner.
- the method of the invention consists essentially of the following steps : loading wastes in a predetermined weight amount into a box-like die of metal sheet with a rectangular base and without bottom and cover; transferring the die to a hitting position where it is subjected to the stroke of a hammer with suitable weight that reduces the volume of the wastes and produces an ashlar with the same surface area of its horizontal section; hoisting the hammer from the die; transferring the die to a position where the ashlar is discharged from its bottom; transporting the ashlar discharged from the die to a finishing and/or waterproofing bath and then to a storage yard.
- the apparatus is shown in Figs . 1 and 2. As can be seen it includes a belt conveyer 2 that continuously supplies a rocking platform 4 having symmetric axis with materials from the first storage yard, such a rocking platform resting alternately on the edges of two hoppers 6 placed on the right and left so as to distribute the materials.
- Each hopper 6 which in turn is rocking about a symmetric axis is provided with a scale and is charged on a horizontal plane.
- a group of sensors connected to a hydraulic circuit connected in turn to the scale switch over the discharging position of platform 4 by electrovalves and then cause the hopper to tilt to the mouth of a die 8 located under its funnel .
- Said die 8 consists of a strengthened, calibrated metal sheet with a shape of truncated pyramid having internal mirror walls and is integral with another twin die 8a.
- each die consists of a box-like container with four fixed walls but without top and bottom walls.
- Hammer 14 preferably consists of a T-shaped body the head of which slides in vertical guides formed of four tubular sections 16 suitably braced both at the top and the bottom at the height of the die .
- Tubular sections 16 form as a whole a hammer carrying tower 18 having a total height of about 17 meters, 10 meters of which are the path covered by the hammer when falling down, the balance being the height of the hammer and the height of the die .
- a safety release retainer 20 is provided at the starting position. After the impact the hammer is caused to return to the safety retainer 20 by a rope 22 running about a pulley 24 mounted on the vertical line at a higher height. Rope 22 comes freely down together with the hammer and is put under tension and caused to return after the impact of the hammer by a counterweight system that allows the energy consumption to be reduced.
- a suitable discharging device comprising in combination an upper plunger 26 capable of coming down from the top and a plunger 12 forming the bottom of the die.
- Such a device is located at position C to which the die is brought after the ashlar is formed. After having pushed downwards the ashlar resting on the head of plunger 12, plunger 26 moves back and goes to misalignment so as to leave the mouth of the die free .
- plunger 12 When coming down plunger 12 meets a retainer 28 that causes its head to tilt and the ashlar to slide on an inclined plane 30 so as to reach a position in which it can be caught by a pliers. As soon as plunger 12 is disengaged from the ashlar, it rises again to reach the bottom position of the die, the mouth of which already disengaged from plunger 26 is charged by the hopper, and the cycle starts again. Meanwhile the ashlar is raised by pliers moved by a belt conveyer 32 and is brought to a finishing bath consisting of a tank containing suitable fluid products and afterwards to a storage yard.
- the apparatus is flexible as far as height H and weight P of the hammer is concerned.
- the die may also be a cylinder besides a parallelepiped under the assumption that the cylinder is the projection of any open or closed, straight or oblique line from a point at infinity.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98946712A EP1042117A2 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1998-09-30 | Method and apparatus for the essentially adiabatic compaction of waste materials to ashlars of homogeneous material |
AU93665/98A AU9366598A (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1998-09-30 | Method and apparatus for the essentially adiabatic compaction of waste materialsto ashlars of homogeneous material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITRM97A000587 | 1997-09-30 | ||
IT97RM000587A IT1297059B1 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1997-09-30 | PROCEDURE FOR COMPACTION OF NON-TOXIC OR RADIOACTIVE WASTE OF THE CIVIL AND / OR INDUSTRIAL TYPE INTO MATERIAL TANKS MADE HOMOGENEOUS, |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999016611A2 true WO1999016611A2 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
WO1999016611A3 WO1999016611A3 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
Family
ID=11405272
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IT1998/000258 WO1999016611A2 (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1998-09-30 | Method and apparatus for the essentially adiabatic compaction of waste materials to ashlars of homogeneous material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1042117A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU9366598A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1297059B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999016611A2 (en) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH168591A (en) * | 1933-04-06 | 1934-04-15 | Suter Strickler Sohne | Auxiliary unloading device on conveyor channels with uncoverable emptying openings, which channels are intended for conveying hay and the like. |
US3010665A (en) * | 1960-06-29 | 1961-11-28 | Louis R Smith | Rubbish reducer |
US3721060A (en) * | 1970-06-03 | 1973-03-20 | M Quinto | Refuse compacting device |
US3858504A (en) * | 1970-10-06 | 1975-01-07 | Boyer Jean Jacques | Press for treating household refuse |
US4601352A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-07-22 | Rainhart Company | Automatic compactor |
DE3813521A1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-11-02 | Happle Gmbh & Co Maschf | Switch for a branched bulk-material line |
WO1992018261A1 (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-10-29 | Robert Henry Bowman | Combustible gas production/collection method and tip |
FR2686071A1 (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-16 | These Ind 5 | Independent refuse receptacle with integral compacting |
-
1997
- 1997-09-30 IT IT97RM000587A patent/IT1297059B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1998
- 1998-09-30 WO PCT/IT1998/000258 patent/WO1999016611A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-30 AU AU93665/98A patent/AU9366598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-30 EP EP98946712A patent/EP1042117A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH168591A (en) * | 1933-04-06 | 1934-04-15 | Suter Strickler Sohne | Auxiliary unloading device on conveyor channels with uncoverable emptying openings, which channels are intended for conveying hay and the like. |
US3010665A (en) * | 1960-06-29 | 1961-11-28 | Louis R Smith | Rubbish reducer |
US3721060A (en) * | 1970-06-03 | 1973-03-20 | M Quinto | Refuse compacting device |
US3858504A (en) * | 1970-10-06 | 1975-01-07 | Boyer Jean Jacques | Press for treating household refuse |
US4601352A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-07-22 | Rainhart Company | Automatic compactor |
DE3813521A1 (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-11-02 | Happle Gmbh & Co Maschf | Switch for a branched bulk-material line |
WO1992018261A1 (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-10-29 | Robert Henry Bowman | Combustible gas production/collection method and tip |
FR2686071A1 (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-16 | These Ind 5 | Independent refuse receptacle with integral compacting |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1297059B1 (en) | 1999-08-03 |
WO1999016611A3 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
ITRM970587A1 (en) | 1999-03-30 |
EP1042117A2 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
AU9366598A (en) | 1999-04-23 |
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