WO1999008012A1 - Composite metal powder for sintered bearings, and sintered oil-retaining bearing - Google Patents

Composite metal powder for sintered bearings, and sintered oil-retaining bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999008012A1
WO1999008012A1 PCT/JP1998/003498 JP9803498W WO9908012A1 WO 1999008012 A1 WO1999008012 A1 WO 1999008012A1 JP 9803498 W JP9803498 W JP 9803498W WO 9908012 A1 WO9908012 A1 WO 9908012A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
sintered
oil
bearing
metal powder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1998/003498
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasushi Narusawa
Yoji Takazaki
Original Assignee
Porite Corporation
Japan Energy Corporation
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Publication date
Application filed by Porite Corporation, Japan Energy Corporation filed Critical Porite Corporation
Priority to GB9907915A priority Critical patent/GB2333779A/en
Priority to JP51197399A priority patent/JP3613569B2/en
Priority to CN98801475A priority patent/CN1085794C/en
Publication of WO1999008012A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999008012A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/02—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing
    • F16C2223/04—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing by sizing, by shaping to final size by small plastic deformation, e.g. by calibrating or coining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention provides simple and low-cost bearings for motors, etc., and provides low air permeability without lowering the oil content, low friction and constant flatness, high corrosion resistance, and high conformability.
  • Excellent and durable oil-impregnated bearings Related to composite metal powder for sintered bearings and sintered oil-impregnated bearings. Background art
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-38019 discloses a sintered body for bearings using copper-coated iron powder, and it has been proposed to use iron powder coated with 30-60% copper.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 3-166303 discloses a method in which a foil-like powder made of a metal which is the same as the coating layer or which is alloyed is added.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 08-208336 discloses a bearing material made of copper-coated iron powder, which has an oil content of 18% by volume or more and a gas permeability of 30 Darcy (30X). 10—Hem 2 ) It is proposed to use iron powder coated with 30 to 60% by weight of copper and to sinter in a shimomo atmosphere to adsorb zinc. ing.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-38019 requires that 30% or more of copper be covered, so that a large amount of expensive copper is required, which inevitably leads to an increase in cost and an overlay.
  • the sliding performance as a bearing is inferior because the copper layer to be formed is too thick and the underlayer effect of iron particles cannot be sufficiently obtained.
  • JP-A-3-1663 03 the same as the coating layer is used. Is an alloy-added foil-like powder made of metal, so that the steps are complicated and there is a disadvantage that stable characteristics cannot be obtained.
  • these materials lack the consideration of the air permeability required for high-performance bearing materials, and the hydraulic oil escapes from the oil holes in the bearing sliding surface even after the familiarization is completed, making it ideal for sintered oil-impregnated bearings.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-514126 mentions the suppression of the air permeability as described above.
  • this powder is expensive because a copper-graphite composite powder is added. This has the disadvantage of reducing the strength of the sintered body.
  • 8-208336 requires a step of using 30 to 60% copper-coated iron powder and sintering in a zinc atmosphere to adsorb zinc. Even if the characteristics are excellent, the required amount of copper is high, and sintering in a zinc atmosphere is required, so the number of steps is increased, and in any case, it must be expensive. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present invention has been studied to solve the problems in the prior art as described above, and has used a composite metal powder coated with copper in an amount of 10% by weight or more and less than 30% by weight with respect to iron powder, By setting the specific surface area of the composite metal powder to a specific range, and setting the air permeability of the compacted sintered body of the composite metal powder to a specific range, and setting the oil content to a specific state, it is preferable at a relatively low cost. It succeeded in obtaining bearing performance.
  • the peripheral surface of the iron powder is completely covered, thereby improving the corrosion resistance and improving the adaptability to the shaft material and the like.
  • the amount of copper By reducing the amount of copper to less than 30%, low cost properties can be ensured, and the underlying effect of the coated iron particles can be appropriately obtained to ensure stable sliding performance as a bearing.
  • the method of electroless plating is used.
  • the copper coating layer is porous, has a large specific surface area, and has characteristics such as low air permeability in a powder state.
  • the particle size of the copper-coated iron powder is 80 mesh or less and 350 mesh or less is 30% or less, no special raw material powder is required, and general powder metallurgy iron is used.
  • the above-mentioned copper-coated iron powder can be easily obtained by using the powder, and there is no difficulty in filling the mold, etc., and the molding operation is simple, and the product can be obtained at low cost.
  • the air permeability as the composite metal powder is reduced, and molding is performed while maintaining this characteristic.
  • the upper limit of the specific surface area is 750 cm 2 / g according to the sub-sizer / sizer method, the mold can be easily filled at the time of compacting and can be easily molded.
  • the present invention facilitates sintering by adding 0.1 or 2 wt% of either or both of tin and lead as a low melting point metal, and appropriately improves conformability during bearing. be able to.
  • the friction coefficient during sliding of the bearing is further reduced by adding one or more of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride as a solid lubricant. Temperature rise Lower. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • the iron powder used by the inventors of the present invention has a copper coating amount of 20 ⁇ ⁇ 1%.
  • which has a specific surface area of 573 cm and is formed into a cylindrical green compact having an inner diameter of 6 mm, an outer diameter of 12 mm, and a height of 4 mm in both the examples and comparative examples.
  • Sintering was carried out at 100,000 for 30 minutes in a decomposition gas.
  • the obtained sintered body was subjected to ordinary sizing and oil immersion treatment to form a bearing body having an oil content of 20% by volume, and these were subjected to a bearing test under the following conditions.
  • Impregnating oil Mineral oil 3 2 est
  • Example 2 % Copper-coated iron powder, a bearing sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, and a bearing test was performed under the same conditions.
  • Comparative Example 2 A reduced iron powder of —100 mesh and an electrolytic copper powder of —150 mesh were mixed at a weight ratio of 8: 2, and a bearing sample was prepared under the same conditions as in the example. A bearing test was performed under the same conditions as in the example.
  • the results of bearing tests on the material of the present invention and the comparative material as described above show the amount of wear and the rise in bearing temperature (difference from room temperature) as shown in Table 1 below.
  • the measurement results show the average value of each of the three samples, but the one according to the example of the present invention has a lower temperature rise than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and has excellent both abrasion resistance and sliding characteristics. This was sufficiently confirmed.
  • Example 2 (vol3 ⁇ 4) (stroke (X 10 " n cm 2 ) Example 1 2 1. 1 3.45 7 4 1 0.0 Comparative Example 1 2 0.8 .3 3 7 2 5 1.0 Comparative Example 2 2 0. 0 3. 1 7 1 1 2.8 Example 2 2 0. 2 4. 5 4 8 3 2 0. 1 Example 3 2 1.3 3. 9 2 8 1 1 0.3 Example 4 2 0.3 3 ⁇ 4 1 5 7 1 7.3 Example 5 2 0.7 2. 4 1 6 6 3.5 (Example 2)
  • a sintered body having the same shape as that of Example 1 was produced by adding 1.0% by weight of tin powder to the powder of Example 1 as described above.
  • the bearing characteristics of this are also shown in Table 1 above, and the oil content, strength, hardness and air permeability are also shown in Table 2 above.
  • Example 1 1.8 wt% of tin powder was added to the powder of Example 1, and a sintered body having the same shape was sintered at a sintering temperature of 860 ° C under the same conditions as in Example 1 described above. c
  • the bearing characteristics and oil content of this product are as shown in Tables 1 and 2 above.
  • a sintered body having the same shape was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that 1.0% of the graphite powder was added to the powder of Example 1 and the sintering temperature was set at 860 ° C.
  • the bearing characteristics and oil content of this product were also as shown in Tables 1 and 2 above.
  • a sintered oil-impregnated bearing can be obtained simply and at low cost, and has little friction and excellent conformability, reduces air permeability without reducing oil content, and reduces wear.
  • a bearing excellent in durability can be provided appropriately.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

Composite metal powder for sintered bearings, prepared by coating surface layers of particles of iron powder with 10 wt.% to less than 30 wt.% of copper based on the iron powder so that the particle size of the coated iron powder is at most 80 meshes, the content of the powder of at most 350 meshes is at most 30 %, and the specific surface area of the powder is 450-750 cm2/g according to the subsieve sizer method. This metal powder can provide an oil-retaining bearing for motors, which is capable of providing a low gas-permeability without decreasing the oil content and which has a low and constant coefficient of friction, a high corrosion resistance, a high adaptability and a high durability, readily at a low cost.

Description

― 明 細 書 焼結軸受用複合金属粉末および焼結含油軸受 技術分野  ― Description Composite metal powder for sintered bearings and sintered oil-impregnated bearings Technical field
この発明は、 電動機用軸受などとして簡易且つ低コス トで、 しかも含 油率を低下せしめることなしに低い通気度が得られ、 摩擦が僅少且つ一 定伏態で、 耐食性が高く、 なじみ性に優れ、 また耐用性の高い含油軸受 焼結軸受用複合金属粉末および焼結含油軸受に関するものある。 背景技術  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides simple and low-cost bearings for motors, etc., and provides low air permeability without lowering the oil content, low friction and constant flatness, high corrosion resistance, and high conformability. Excellent and durable oil-impregnated bearings Related to composite metal powder for sintered bearings and sintered oil-impregnated bearings. Background art
銅被覆鉄粉による軸受用焼結体については特公昭 5 5— 3 8 0 1 9号 があり、 鉄粉に対し 3 0 - 6 0 %の銅を被覆したものを用いることが提 案され、 また特開平 3 - 1 6 6 3 0 3号のものは被覆層と同一または合 金化する金属からなる箔状粉を添加するものである。  Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-38019 discloses a sintered body for bearings using copper-coated iron powder, and it has been proposed to use iron powder coated with 30-60% copper. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 3-166303 discloses a method in which a foil-like powder made of a metal which is the same as the coating layer or which is alloyed is added.
また特公平 7 - 5 4 1 2 6号においては焼結含油軸受の特性を向上さ せるためには通気度を低くすることが必要であるとして、 銅一グラファ ィ 卜複合粉末を添加することが提案されており、 更に特開平 8— 2 0 8 3 6号においては銅被覆鉄粉による軸受材であって含油率を 1 8容量％ 以上に確保しながら通気度を 3 0ダルシー （ 3 0 X 1 0—H em2 ) 以下と したもので、 このため 3 0 ~ 6 0重量％の銅を被覆した鉄粉を用い、 し - かも亜鉛雰囲気で焼結し、 亜鉛を吸着させることが提案されている。 In addition, in Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7-54 126, it is necessary to lower the air permeability in order to improve the characteristics of sintered oil-impregnated bearings. In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 08-208336 discloses a bearing material made of copper-coated iron powder, which has an oil content of 18% by volume or more and a gas permeability of 30 Darcy (30X). 10—Hem 2 ) It is proposed to use iron powder coated with 30 to 60% by weight of copper and to sinter in a shimomo atmosphere to adsorb zinc. ing.
前記した特公昭 5 5— 3 8 0 1 9号によるものは 3 0 %以上の銅を被 覆させることを要件とするので高価な銅を多量に必要としコス トアップ にならざるを得ないと共にオーバーレイとなる銅層が厚すぎて鉄粒子の 下地効果が充分に得られないため軸受としての摺動性能が劣る不利があ る。 また特開平 3 - 1 6 6 3 0 3号のものにおいては被覆層と同一また は合金化する-金属からなる箔状粉を添加するものであるから工程が煩雑 で、 しかも安定した特性が得られない不利がある。 特にこれらのものに おいては高性能な軸受材において要求される通気性に対する考慮に欠け ており、 なじみが完了した後も軸受摺動面の油孔から油圧が逃げ、 焼結 含油軸受の理想とする流体潤滑に近い摺動状態を得難い不利がある。 前記したような通気度の抑制について言及されているのが前記特公平 7 - 5 4 1 2 6号であるが、 このものは銅一グラフアイ 卜複合粉末を添 加することから該粉末は高価とならざるを得ず、 しかも焼結体の強度を 低下させる不利がある。 また前記した特開平 8 - 2 0 8 3 6号のものは 3 0〜 6 0 %の銅被覆鉄粉を用い、 しかも亜鉛雰囲気で焼結して亜鉛を 吸着させる工程を要件とするもので、 それなりに特性が優れるとしても 銅の必要量が高く、 しかも亜鉛雰囲気での焼結を必要とするので工数が 嵩み、 何れにしても高価なものとならざるを得ない。 発明の開示 The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-38019 requires that 30% or more of copper be covered, so that a large amount of expensive copper is required, which inevitably leads to an increase in cost and an overlay. There is a disadvantage that the sliding performance as a bearing is inferior because the copper layer to be formed is too thick and the underlayer effect of iron particles cannot be sufficiently obtained. In the case of JP-A-3-1663 03, the same as the coating layer is used. Is an alloy-added foil-like powder made of metal, so that the steps are complicated and there is a disadvantage that stable characteristics cannot be obtained. In particular, these materials lack the consideration of the air permeability required for high-performance bearing materials, and the hydraulic oil escapes from the oil holes in the bearing sliding surface even after the familiarization is completed, making it ideal for sintered oil-impregnated bearings. However, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to obtain a sliding state close to fluid lubrication. It is Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-514126 that mentions the suppression of the air permeability as described above. However, this powder is expensive because a copper-graphite composite powder is added. This has the disadvantage of reducing the strength of the sintered body. Further, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-208336 requires a step of using 30 to 60% copper-coated iron powder and sintering in a zinc atmosphere to adsorb zinc. Even if the characteristics are excellent, the required amount of copper is high, and sintering in a zinc atmosphere is required, so the number of steps is increased, and in any case, it must be expensive. Disclosure of the invention
本発明は上記したような従来技術における課題を解消することについ て検討を重ね、 鉄粉に対し 1 0 ^%以上で、 しかも 3 O wt%未満の銅が 被覆された複合金属粉を用い、 該複合金属粉の比表面積を特定範囲とす ると共に該複合金属粉による圧粉成形焼結体の通気度を特定範囲と し、 含油率を特定状態とすることによって比較的低コス 卜に好ましい軸受性 能を得しめることに成功したものである。  The present invention has been studied to solve the problems in the prior art as described above, and has used a composite metal powder coated with copper in an amount of 10% by weight or more and less than 30% by weight with respect to iron powder, By setting the specific surface area of the composite metal powder to a specific range, and setting the air permeability of the compacted sintered body of the composite metal powder to a specific range, and setting the oil content to a specific state, it is preferable at a relatively low cost. It succeeded in obtaining bearing performance.
即ち本発明によるものは鉄粉に対し 1 0 %以上の銅を被覆することに よつて鉄粉の周面を完全状態に被覆し、 耐食性を高めると共に軸材など に対するなじみを良好とする。 またこの銅量を 3 0 %未満とすることに より低コス ト性を確保し、 しかも被覆された鉄粒子の下地効果を適切に 得しめて軸受と しての摺動性能を安定して得しめる。 なお鉄粉末に銅を 被覆する方法として殊更に特定するものでないが、 無電解めつき法によ るものが銅被覆層が多孔質になっていて比表面積が大きく、 粉末の状態 で通気度を低くするなどの特質を有している。 That is, according to the present invention, by covering 10% or more of copper with respect to the iron powder, the peripheral surface of the iron powder is completely covered, thereby improving the corrosion resistance and improving the adaptability to the shaft material and the like. By reducing the amount of copper to less than 30%, low cost properties can be ensured, and the underlying effect of the coated iron particles can be appropriately obtained to ensure stable sliding performance as a bearing. . Although not particularly specified as a method of coating iron powder with copper, the method of electroless plating is used. However, the copper coating layer is porous, has a large specific surface area, and has characteristics such as low air permeability in a powder state.
前記した銅被覆鉄粉の粒度が 8 0メ ッシュ以下であって、 3 5 0メ ッ シュ以下が 3 0 %以下であることによって特別な原料粉を必要とせず一 般的な粉末冶金用鉄粉を用いて容易に上記銅被覆鉄粉を得ることができ、 また金型に対する充塡などに困難性がなく、 平易に成型操作され、 低コ ス トに製品を得しめる。  Since the particle size of the copper-coated iron powder is 80 mesh or less and 350 mesh or less is 30% or less, no special raw material powder is required, and general powder metallurgy iron is used. The above-mentioned copper-coated iron powder can be easily obtained by using the powder, and there is no difficulty in filling the mold, etc., and the molding operation is simple, and the product can be obtained at low cost.
また上記のような複合金属粉末の比表面積をサブシ一ブ · サイザ一法 で 4 5 0 cm2/ g以上とすることにより複合金属粉としての通気度を低く し、 この特質を維持して成形、 焼結することにより含油率や強度が共に 高くて通気度の低い軸受を得しめる。 比表面積の上限と してはサブシ一 ブ · サイザ一法で 7 5 0 cm2/ gであることによって圧粉成形時における 金型への充塡性が良好で平易に成型せしめ得る。 In addition, by setting the specific surface area of the composite metal powder as described above to 450 cm 2 / g or more by a subsizer / sizer method, the air permeability as the composite metal powder is reduced, and molding is performed while maintaining this characteristic. By sintering, a bearing with high oil content and strength and low air permeability can be obtained. When the upper limit of the specific surface area is 750 cm 2 / g according to the sub-sizer / sizer method, the mold can be easily filled at the time of compacting and can be easily molded.
更に圧粉成形焼結体の通気度を 3 X 1 0一1 1 cm2以上とすることにより 軸受時における給油量を適切に保持し、 しかも 3 0 X 1 0ー1 1 ^2以下と することによって油圧の不等な逃げを阻止して軸面に対する好ましい給 油とそれに伴う軸受作用を確保する。 Furthermore properly hold the oil amount at the time of the bearing by the air permeability of the powder sintered compact 3 X 1 0 one 1 1 cm 2 or more, yet the 3 0 X 1 0 - 1 1 ^ 2 or less This prevents unequal escape of hydraulic pressure and ensures favorable lubrication to the shaft surface and the associated bearing action.
なお含油率を容量 1 5 %以上とすることにより軸受体と しての適切な 耐用性を確保し、 また 2 8容量％以下とすることによって軸受体の強度 を確保し、 また耐用性を適切に得しめる。 更に本発明のものにおいて固 体潤滑材あるいは錫のような低融点金属を添加することも可能である。 更に本発明によるものは低融点金属として錫または鉛の何れか一方ま たは双方を 0. l〜2 wt%添加することにより焼結を容易とし、 また軸受 時におけるなじみ性を適宜に改善することができる。  By setting the oil content to 15% or more, appropriate durability of the bearing is ensured, and by setting the oil content to 28% or less, the strength of the bearing is ensured and the durability is appropriately adjusted. To win. Further, it is also possible to add a solid lubricant or a low melting point metal such as tin in the present invention. Further, the present invention facilitates sintering by adding 0.1 or 2 wt% of either or both of tin and lead as a low melting point metal, and appropriately improves conformability during bearing. be able to.
また本発明によるものは固体潤滑材として黒鉛、 二硫化モリブデン、 窒化硼素の何れか 1種または 2種以上を添加することによつて軸受摺動 時における摩擦係数を更に低下し、 長時間軸受時などにおける温度上昇 を低下せしめる。 発明を実施するための最良の形態 In addition, according to the present invention, the friction coefficient during sliding of the bearing is further reduced by adding one or more of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride as a solid lubricant. Temperature rise Lower. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(実施例 1 )  (Example 1)
上記したような本発明によるものの具体的な実施態様について、 その 比較例と共に説明すると、 先ず本発明者等の用いた鉄粉は銅被覆量が 2 0 \¥1%のもので— 8 0メ ッシュであって、 その比表面積は 5 7 3 cm であり、 このものを実施例および比較例とも内径 6 ΙΜ、 外径 1 2 mmで高 さ 4 mmの円筒状圧粉体に成形し、 アンモニア分解ガス中において 1 0 0 0 で 3 0分間の焼結処理した。  The specific embodiment of the present invention as described above will be described together with its comparative example. First, the iron powder used by the inventors of the present invention has a copper coating amount of 20 \ ¥ 1%. Which has a specific surface area of 573 cm and is formed into a cylindrical green compact having an inner diameter of 6 mm, an outer diameter of 12 mm, and a height of 4 mm in both the examples and comparative examples. Sintering was carried out at 100,000 for 30 minutes in a decomposition gas.
得られた焼結体は通常のサイジングおよび油浸処理を行い、 含油率 2 0容量％の軸受体となし、 これらのものは下記の条件で軸受試験を行つ た。  The obtained sintered body was subjected to ordinary sizing and oil immersion treatment to form a bearing body having an oil content of 20% by volume, and these were subjected to a bearing test under the following conditions.
シャフ ト材： S 4 5 C生材  Shaft material: S 4 5 C raw material
荷重： 0. 8 1 N /腿2 , 1. 6 3 N /ram2 , 3. 2 6 N /mni2 Load: 0.8 1 N / thigh 2 , 1.63 N / ram 2 , 3.26 N / mni 2
滑り速度： 5 2. 9 m/rai n  Sliding speed: 5 2.9 m / rai n
含浸油 ：鉱油 3 2 est  Impregnating oil: Mineral oil 3 2 est
なお上記のような本発明例に対する比較例としては以下の如くである c 比較例 1 . 粒度一 1 0 0メ ッシュで比表面積 2 9 5 cm2/ gの 2 0重量 The comparative examples to the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are as follows. C Comparative Example 1. 20 weight of 100 mesh and specific surface area of 295 cm 2 / g
%銅被覆鉄粉を実施例 1 と同様の条件で軸受試料を作製し、 同条件で軸受試験を行なった。  % Copper-coated iron powder, a bearing sample was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, and a bearing test was performed under the same conditions.
比較例 2 . — 1 0 0メ ッシュの還元鉄粉と— 1 5 0メ ッシュの電解銅 粉を重量比 8 ： 2に混合し、 これを実施例と同様の条件で 軸受試料を作製し、 また実施例と同じ条件で軸受試験を行 なった。  Comparative Example 2. A reduced iron powder of —100 mesh and an electrolytic copper powder of —150 mesh were mixed at a weight ratio of 8: 2, and a bearing sample was prepared under the same conditions as in the example. A bearing test was performed under the same conditions as in the example.
前記したような本発明材および比较材について軸受試験した結果につ いて摩耗量と軸受温度上昇 （室温との差） は次の表 1 に示す如くであり- この測定結果は各 3個の平均値を示すものであるが、 本発明の実施例に よるものが比較例 1、 2よりも温度上昇が少なく、 耐摩耗性、 摺動特性 がともに優れていることを充分に確認することができた。 The results of bearing tests on the material of the present invention and the comparative material as described above show the amount of wear and the rise in bearing temperature (difference from room temperature) as shown in Table 1 below. The measurement results show the average value of each of the three samples, but the one according to the example of the present invention has a lower temperature rise than Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and has excellent both abrasion resistance and sliding characteristics. This was sufficiently confirmed.
Figure imgf000007_0001
なお上記し-たような本発明の実施例と比較例 1、 2のものについての 含油率、 圧環強度、 硬度および通気度をそれぞれ求めた結果は次の表 2 に示す如くであって、 含油率、 強度、 ロックゥ エル硬さがほぼ同等で ある。 また、 比較例 2は通気度も実施例よりやや高い程度である。 すな わち、 実施例の軸受は 3 0 X 1 0—n cra2以下の通気度と銅被覆鉄の両方 の特性を共に備えることにより、 本発明の優れた特性が得られることが 理解される。
Figure imgf000007_0001
The results of oil content, radial crushing strength, hardness and air permeability of each of the above-described examples of the present invention and those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 2 below. The ratio, strength and rock-well hardness are almost the same. Further, the air permeability of the comparative example 2 is slightly higher than that of the example. In other words, it is understood that the bearings of the examples have both the air permeability of 30 × 10−n cra 2 or less and the characteristics of both copper-coated iron and thus the excellent characteristics of the present invention. You.
含油率 圧環強度 硬 度 通気度 Oil content Radius strength Hardness Air permeability
(vol¾) (画 ( X 10" n cm2) 実施例 1 2 1. 1 3. 4 5 7 4 1 0. 0 比較例 1 2 0. 8 3. 3 3 7 2 5 1. 0 比較例 2 2 0. 0 3. 1 7 1 1 2. 8 実施例 2 2 0. 2 4. 5 4 8 3 2 0. 1 実施例 3 2 1. 3 3. 9 2 8 1 1 0. 3 実施例 4 2 0. 3 ¾ 1 5 7 1 7. 3 実施例 5 2 0. 7 2. 4 1 6 6 3. 5 (実施例 2 ) (vol¾) (stroke (X 10 " n cm 2 ) Example 1 2 1. 1 3.45 7 4 1 0.0 Comparative Example 1 2 0.8 .3 3 7 2 5 1.0 Comparative Example 2 2 0. 0 3. 1 7 1 1 2.8 Example 2 2 0. 2 4. 5 4 8 3 2 0. 1 Example 3 2 1.3 3. 9 2 8 1 1 0.3 Example 4 2 0.3 ¾ 1 5 7 1 7.3 Example 5 2 0.7 2. 4 1 6 6 3.5 (Example 2)
上記したような実施例 1の粉末に対して錫粉を 1. 0 ¥ ％添加して実施 例 1 と同じ条件で同形状の焼結体を作製した。 またこのものの軸受特性 については前記表 1 に併せて示し、 また含油率、 強度、 硬度および通気 度も前記表 2に併せて示す如くである。  A sintered body having the same shape as that of Example 1 was produced by adding 1.0% by weight of tin powder to the powder of Example 1 as described above. The bearing characteristics of this are also shown in Table 1 above, and the oil content, strength, hardness and air permeability are also shown in Table 2 above.
(実施例 3 )  (Example 3)
同様に実施例 1の粉末に対し錫粉を 1. 8 wt %添加して上述した実施例 1 と同条件で同形状の焼結体を焼結温度 8 6 0 °Cとして焼結し作成した c 然してこのものの軸受特性や含油率等は前記表 1、 表 2において併せて 示した如くである。 Similarly, 1.8 wt% of tin powder was added to the powder of Example 1, and a sintered body having the same shape was sintered at a sintering temperature of 860 ° C under the same conditions as in Example 1 described above. c However, the bearing characteristics and oil content of this product are as shown in Tables 1 and 2 above.
(実施例 4 )  (Example 4)
実施例 1の粉末に黒鉛粉末を 0. 5 wt %添加し、 実施例 1 と同じ条件で 同形状の焼結体を作成した。 更にこのものの軸受特性や含油率などにつ いては前記表 1、 表 2において併せて示した如くである。  0.5 wt% of graphite powder was added to the powder of Example 1, and a sintered body having the same shape was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1. The bearing characteristics and oil content of this product are also shown in Tables 1 and 2 above.
(実施例 5 )  (Example 5)
実施例 1の粉末に黒鉛粉末を 1. 0 \^ %添加し、 焼結温度を 8 6 0 °Cと した以外は実施例 1 と同じ条件で同形状の焼結体を作成した。 このもの の軸受特性や含油率などについても上記した表 1、 表 2において示した 如くであった。 産業上の利用可能性  A sintered body having the same shape was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that 1.0% of the graphite powder was added to the powder of Example 1 and the sintering temperature was set at 860 ° C. The bearing characteristics and oil content of this product were also as shown in Tables 1 and 2 above. Industrial applicability
以上のように本発明によるときは焼結含油軸受として簡易且つ低コス トに得られ、 しかも摩擦が僅少でなじみ性に優れ、 含油率を低下せしめ ることなく通気度を低下して摩耗が少なく耐用性に卓越した軸受を適切 に提供することができる。  As described above, according to the present invention, a sintered oil-impregnated bearing can be obtained simply and at low cost, and has little friction and excellent conformability, reduces air permeability without reducing oil content, and reduces wear. A bearing excellent in durability can be provided appropriately.

Claims

- 請 求 の 範 囲 - The scope of the claims
1. 鉄粉に対し 1 Owt%以上 3 Owt%未満の銅が被覆され、 8 0メ ッシ ュ以下であって、 3 5 0メ ッシュ以下が 3 0 %以下であり、 その比表 面積がサブシ一ブ ' サイザ一法で 4 5 0 cm2/g以上 7 5 0 cm2/g以下 であることを特徴とした焼結軸受用複合金属粉末。 1. Iron powder is coated with copper in an amount of 1 Owt% or more and less than 3 Owt%, is 80 mesh or less, and 350 mesh or less is 30% or less. 4 5 0 cm 2 / g or more 7 5 0 cm 2 / g complex metal powder for sintered bearing which is characterized in that less is at Subsystem part 'sizer of the Act.
2. 請求の範囲第 1項に記載の焼結軸受用複合金属粉末を圧粉成形、 焼 結し通気度が 3~ 3 0 X 1 0—Hem2である焼結体であって、 含油率が 1 5 - 2 8容量％であることを特徴と した焼結含油軸受。 2. A sintered body having a gas permeability of 3 to 30 × 10—Hem 2 obtained by compacting and sintering the composite metal powder for a sintered bearing according to claim 1; The oil-impregnated sintered bearing is characterized in that the oil content is 15-28% by volume.
3. 低融点金属を 0. 1 ~ 2wt%添加したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第 2項の焼結含油軸受。  3. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 2, wherein 0.1 to 2% by weight of a low melting point metal is added.
4. 固体潤滑材を 0. 1 ~ 1 wt%添加したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第 2項の焼結含油軸受。  4. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 2, wherein 0.1 to 1 wt% of a solid lubricant is added.
5. 固体潤滑材を 0. 1〜 1 wt%添加したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第 3項の焼結含油軸受。  5. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 3, wherein 0.1 to 1 wt% of a solid lubricant is added.
PCT/JP1998/003498 1997-08-07 1998-08-06 Composite metal powder for sintered bearings, and sintered oil-retaining bearing WO1999008012A1 (en)

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US10428873B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2019-10-01 Diamet Corporation Iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing and method for manufacturing same
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JP2002173704A (en) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-21 Nikko Materials Co Ltd Composite metal powder for powder metallurgy, sintered body obtained by sintering the powder and bearing consisting of the sintered body
JP4703843B2 (en) * 2000-12-01 2011-06-15 Ｊｘ日鉱日石金属株式会社 Composite metal powder for powder metallurgy, sintered body obtained by sintering the powder, and bearing comprising the sintered body
JP2002364646A (en) * 2001-06-04 2002-12-18 Asmo Co Ltd Oil retaining bearing and brushless motor
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US10428873B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2019-10-01 Diamet Corporation Iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing and method for manufacturing same
US10697495B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2020-06-30 Diamet Corporation Iron-copper-based oil-impregnated sintered bearing and method for manufacturing same

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