WO1998048990A1 - Boards produced with the use of grass plant lignin and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Boards produced with the use of grass plant lignin and process for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998048990A1
WO1998048990A1 PCT/JP1998/001938 JP9801938W WO9848990A1 WO 1998048990 A1 WO1998048990 A1 WO 1998048990A1 JP 9801938 W JP9801938 W JP 9801938W WO 9848990 A1 WO9848990 A1 WO 9848990A1
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board
lignin
producing
lignocellulosic
weight
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PCT/JP1998/001938
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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Tsuyoshi Kono
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Tsuyoshi Kono
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Priority to AU70821/98A priority Critical patent/AU7082198A/en
Publication of WO1998048990A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998048990A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a board such as a particle board or a fiber board based on a lignocellulosic substance such as wood or herbaceous material, and a method for producing the same.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-3-1565 discloses a method for producing a board in which sugar or starch is added and subjected to steam treatment.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-30909 discloses a method for producing a board using a lignocellulose substance containing a large amount of free saccharides as a raw material.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-143338 discloses a method for producing a board using crushed plant leaves as an adhesive.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-315565 discloses a method using lignin as a plant component. However, this method requires the addition of sugar or starch.
  • the present inventors have previously obtained a board having excellent strength performance without using an adhesive by using a bast fiber plant of the family Aceaceae (International Publication No. WO 96/19332). See No. 8 Public Relations). However, this board has poor water resistance and specific gravity 0.65 g Z c For the lightweight board less than m 3, satisfactory strength was not obtained.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a board that uses a plant component as a substitute for an adhesive and does not use a synthetic resin adhesive, and has excellent strength performance and water resistance.
  • lignin of the Gramineae plant is extremely effective in bonding lignocellulosic substances.
  • Lignin is industrially produced by extraction from pulp waste liquor, but pulp production in Japan and Western Europe was practically only wood pulp, so conventional lignin utilization research was limited to wood lignin .
  • the present inventors have obtained a board having excellent strength performance and water resistance by effectively using lignin of the grass family.
  • the board of the present invention is a board formed by heating and pressurizing a lignocellulosic substance, to which no adhesive is added, and that the lignin of the Poaceae plant is based on the dry weight of the lignocellulosic substance. It is characterized in that 0.2 to 30% by weight is added.
  • the lignin of the Gramineae plant used in the board of the present invention includes lignin of all Gramineae plants such as rice, wheat, bamboo, sugar cane, ash and kolyan.
  • Such a gramineous plant rhidannin may of course be one directly extracted from a gramineous plant, but one extracted from pulp waste liquid is industrially advantageous.
  • the type of digestion method is the so-called chemical pulping method such as the kraft method, sulfite method, soda method, semi-chemical pulping method, thermomechanical pulping method, organic solvent method. Either of them may be used, but it is particularly preferable to use the craft method and the soda method.
  • the use form of the lignin of the Gramineae plant may be either solid or solution, but it is preferable to make it into a powder and mix it with the lignocellulose substance of the base material.
  • the amount of lignin used in the grass is 0.2 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose material used as the base material.
  • the lignocellulosic substance used as the base material of the board of the present invention is any substance mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, such as herbs and wood. Of these, the use of kenaf and flax wood is preferred, and the use of kenaf wood is particularly preferred. Board using kenaf xylem not only has excellent water resistance, you exhibit specific gravity from 0.2 to 0.65 also excellent strength properties but lightweight as g / cm 3.
  • Examples of the shape of the lignocellulosic substance include chips, flakes, fibers, powder, and other small pieces, but are not limited thereto.
  • the board using the grass lignin of the present invention is produced by mixing the grass lignin with the lignocellulosic substance and subjecting the mixture to heat and pressure molding.
  • the specific gravity of the board of the present invention varies depending on the application, but when kenaf is used as the base material, the specific gravity is 0.15 to 0.8 gZcm 3 , preferably 0.2 to 0.7 g, cm 3 , Preferably it is 0.4 to 0.65 g / cm 3 .
  • the lignocellulosic materials other than kenaf as substrate 0. 5 to 1. 0 g Roh cm 3, preferably it is 0. 65 ⁇ 0. 8 5 g / cm 3 Demel.
  • the hot press forming of the board of the present invention may be carried out by using an ordinary hot press, but is not limited thereto.
  • an ordinary hot press but is not limited thereto.
  • a steam injection press, a high frequency press, or the like may be used.
  • the heating and pressing temperature is from 180 to 250 ° C, preferably from 210 to 240 ° C. If the molding temperature is lower than 180 ° C, the thermosetting reaction of lignin becomes insufficient, so that it is not preferable.
  • the molding time varies depending on the molding temperature and the type of hot press, but is usually proportional to the thickness of the board, and is preferably 40 to 120 seconds, more preferably 60 to 100 seconds for a thickness of 1 mm. .
  • Molding pressure is mainly different specific gravity and thickness of the boards of interest, but is preferably usually 1 5 ⁇ 60 kgf Zc m 2.
  • the water content of the lignocellulosic substance is preferably 8 to 40%, more preferably 0 to 30%, at the time of molding.
  • the lignocellulosic material in the region occupying 50% by weight of the entire board by dry weight, which is located on the surface layer on both sides of the board has a water content of 15 to 50%.
  • the thermosetting reaction of the lignin of the Gramineae plant effectively proceeds.
  • the water content in the present invention refers to the weight% of water contained in the lignocellulose substance with respect to the dry weight of the lignocellulose substance.
  • the board of the present invention does not use any synthetic resin adhesive, but may use sugar or starch in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the lignocellulosic substance as the base material. Particularly when the lignocellulosic material of the base material is wood, the strength is improved by using sugar or starch in combination.
  • starch flour of a plant containing starch as a main component such as flour may be used.
  • an acid may be added to the lignocellulose substance of the substrate in order to shorten the molding time of the board.
  • the acid may be any of inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid; organic acids such as acetic acid and oxalic acid; and acidic salts such as ammonium chloride. Among them, ammonium chloride is particularly preferable.
  • the reason why the board of the present invention exhibits excellent performance is considered to be due to the special structure of lignin of the grass family.
  • Lignin other than gramineous plants such as wood has a methoxy group at the ortho position of the phenol skeleton, but lignin of gramineous plants does not have a methoxy group.
  • phenol is said to have reactive activity at the ruso or para position, and lignin with a phenol skeleton having no methoxy group at the ortho position is highly reactive it is conceivable that.
  • kenaf wood as a lignocellulosic substance provides a board with better performance because the lignin of the grass family co-condenses with a special component contained in the kenaf wood. Conceivable.
  • a particle board was manufactured as a board.
  • a small piece of lignocellulose material serving as a base material was obtained using a knife ring flaker (P a II man) was used, and flakes processed with a blade of 0.6 mm were used.
  • lignin powder extracted from wheat straw pulp waste liquid by soda digestion was used as the lignin of the grass family.
  • lignin powder extracted from conifer pulp waste liquid by the kraft digestion method was used as wood lignin.
  • the flexural strength for examining the strength performance of the board, and the flexural strength after immersion in boiling water for 2 hours to examine the water resistance (hereinafter the flexural strength when wet) And the expansion coefficient of water absorption thickness were measured.
  • the flexural strength and the flexural strength when wet, respectively '' are the average of the measured values of three test pieces cut to a size of 50 x 200 mm in accordance with ISA 5908 5.5 and JISA 5908 5.9.2. I asked for it.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was determined by the average value of the measured values of three test pieces cut into a size of 50 ⁇ 50 mm in accordance with JIS A 5908 5.10.
  • Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 below relate to a lightweight board having a specific gravity of about 0.5 gZcm 3 using a kenaf wood part as a base material.
  • the sample was spread by hand in a 220 mm square forming box and subjected to mat forming. Then, a 50 cm square moldable hydraulic press with an electric heater was used, and a 10 mm size spacer was used at a temperature of 220 °. C.
  • the board of the present invention was manufactured by heating and pressing at a pressure of 50 kgf / cm 2 for 15 minutes.
  • the specific gravity of this board was 0.1 S gZcm 3, the flexural strength was 19.6 N / mm 2 , the flexural strength when wet was 11.2 NZmm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was 6%.
  • Particleboard was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that wood lignin was used instead of grass lignin.
  • Particle board was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dry weight of the kenaf wood part was 240 g and lignin was not used.
  • the specific gravity of this board was 0.49 gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 8.7 N / mm 2 , and the bending strength when wet was 0 NZmm 2 .
  • Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 below relate to boards using flax wood as a base material.
  • particle board was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that flax wood was used in an amount of 340 g by dry weight, flax wood was used in a moisture content of 22%, and grass lignin was used in an amount of 17 g. Manufactured.
  • the specific gravity of this board was 0.75 gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 22.4 N / mm 2 , the bending strength when wet was 10.7 NZmm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of water absorption thickness was 9%.
  • the moisture content of the flax wood part in the area occupying 50% by weight of the whole board in dry weight, which is located on the surface layer on both sides of the board, is 30%, and the dry weight is 50% in the inner layer part of the board
  • a particle board was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the moisture content of the flax wood part occupying 6 wt% was 6%.
  • Particle board was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that wood lignin was used instead of the gramineous plant redanin.
  • the specific gravity of the board 0. 75 gZcm 3, bending strength 1 4. 9 N / mm 2, wet flexural strength 4. 3 N / mm 2. Water thickness expansion rate was ⁇ 9% .
  • the moisture content of flax wood was 6%, and urea resin adhesive with a concentration of 60% by weight was replaced by 28.3 g (solid content: 17.Og) instead of lignin, and the concentration was 10% as a hardener.
  • urea resin adhesive with a concentration of 60% by weight was replaced by 28.3 g (solid content: 17.Og) instead of lignin, and the concentration was 10% as a hardener.
  • press temperature of 200 C press A particle board was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the rest time was set to 5 minutes.
  • the specific gravity of this board was 0.74 gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 15.2 N / mm 2 , the bending strength when wet was 0 N / mm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of water absorption thickness was 39%.
  • Example 4 is a board manufactured using wood as a base material and also using lignin and starch in a gramineous plant.
  • Example 2 The same method as in Example 1, except that 340 g of cedar is used as a lignocellulose substance by dry weight, the moisture content is 18%, and 17 g of lignin and 17 g of starch are added and mixed. Manufactured particle board.
  • the specific gravity of this board was 0.1 TS gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 17.2 N / mm 2 , the bending strength when wet was 8.6 N / mm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was 8%.
  • the board of the present invention does not use a synthetic resin adhesive and does not generate harmful substances.
  • the board of the present invention has excellent mechanical strength.
  • the board of the present invention has excellent water resistance.
  • the board of the present invention using kenaf as a base material is lightweight and has excellent strength performance and water resistance.
  • the board of the present invention can use grass lignin extracted from pulp waste liquor, thereby solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by pulp waste liquor.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Boards produced by heating lignocellulosic material under elevated pressure for molding the same without resort to any adhesive. The boards contain 0.2 to 30 % by weight, based on the dry weight of the lignocellulosic material, of rice plant lignin so as to achieve excellent mechanical strengths and water resistance without evolution of harmful substances such as formaldehyde. To efficiently advance the thermosetting reaction of the lignin, the molding under elevated pressure is effected at 180 to 250 °C in the process for producing the boards.

Description

明細書 イネ科植物リグニンを使用したボードとその製造方法 技術分野  Description Board using lignin and its production method
本発明は、 木材、 草本類等のリグノセルロース物質を基材としたパーティクル ボード、 ファイバーボード等のボ一ド及びその製造方法に関する。  The present invention relates to a board such as a particle board or a fiber board based on a lignocellulosic substance such as wood or herbaceous material, and a method for producing the same.
背景技術 Background art
従来のリグノセルロース物質を基材とするボードは、 合成樹脂接着剤を使用し ているため、 自然界において分解されない、 燃焼の際に有害ガスを発生する等の 問題があった。 一部の特殊な種類のボードを除き、 尿素樹脂、 メラミン樹脂、 フ ェノール樹脂等ホルムアルデヒドを原料とする接着剤が使用されており、 人体へ の危険性が指摘されていた。  Conventional boards using a lignocellulose material as a base material have a problem that they are not decomposed in the natural world and generate harmful gases during combustion because they use a synthetic resin adhesive. Except for some special types of boards, adhesives made from formaldehyde such as urea resin, melamine resin, and phenol resin are used, and danger to the human body was pointed out.
これに対し、 リグノセルロース物質を基材とするボードにおいて、 合成樹脂接 着剤を使用せずに、 植物系成分を接着剤の代替として使用する試みがある。  On the other hand, there has been an attempt to use a plant component as a substitute for an adhesive in a board based on a lignocellulose material without using a synthetic resin adhesive.
例えば、 特公平 3— 3 1 5 6 5号公報には、 糖または澱粉を添加して、 水蒸気 処理をほどこすボードの製造方法が開示されている。 また、 特開昭 6 0 - 3 0 3 0 9号公報には、 遊離の糖類を多量に含有するリグノセルロース物質を原料とし たボードの製造方法が開示されている。 さらに、 特公昭 5 9— 1 4 3 3 8号公報 には、 粉砕された植物葉を接着剤の代替とするボードの製造方法が開示されてい る。 前記特公平 3— 3 1 5 6 5号公報には、 植物系成分としてリグニンを使用す る方法が開示されている。 ただし、 この方法は、 糖またはデンプンの添加を不可 欠とするものである。  For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 3-3-1565 discloses a method for producing a board in which sugar or starch is added and subjected to steam treatment. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-30909 discloses a method for producing a board using a lignocellulose substance containing a large amount of free saccharides as a raw material. Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-143338 discloses a method for producing a board using crushed plant leaves as an adhesive. Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-315565 discloses a method using lignin as a plant component. However, this method requires the addition of sugar or starch.
しかしながら、 これらの植物系成分を合成樹脂接着剤の代替として使用したボ ードは、 合成樹脂接着剤を使用したボードに比べ、 十分な強度性能と耐水性を持 たなかった。  However, boards using these plant-based components as substitutes for synthetic resin adhesives did not have sufficient strength performance and water resistance compared to boards using synthetic resin adhesives.
本発明者らは、 先に、 ァ才ィ科靱皮繊維植物を使用して、 接着剤を使用せずに 優れた強度性能を持つボードを得た （国際公開番号 W O 9 6 / 1 9 3 2 8号広報 参照） 。 しかしながら、 このボードは耐水性に劣り、 また比重が 0 . 6 5 g Z c m 3に満たない軽量のボードについては、 満足のいく強度は得られなかった。 The present inventors have previously obtained a board having excellent strength performance without using an adhesive by using a bast fiber plant of the family Aceaceae (International Publication No. WO 96/19332). See No. 8 Public Relations). However, this board has poor water resistance and specific gravity 0.65 g Z c For the lightweight board less than m 3, satisfactory strength was not obtained.
本発明の目的は、 植物系成分を接着剤の代替として使用し、 かつ合成樹脂接着 剤を使用していないボードであって、 優れた強度性能と耐水性を持つボードを提 供することにある。  An object of the present invention is to provide a board that uses a plant component as a substitute for an adhesive and does not use a synthetic resin adhesive, and has excellent strength performance and water resistance.
発明の開示 Disclosure of the invention
本発明者は、 イネ科植物リグニンがリグノセルロース物質同士の接着に極めて 有効であることを見い出した。 リグニンは、 工業的には、 パルプ廃液からの抽出 によって生産されるが、 日本及び西欧諸国のパルプ生産は事実上木材パルプのみ であったため、 従来のリグニンの利用研究は木材リグニンに限られていた。  The present inventor has found that lignin of the Gramineae plant is extremely effective in bonding lignocellulosic substances. Lignin is industrially produced by extraction from pulp waste liquor, but pulp production in Japan and Western Europe was practically only wood pulp, so conventional lignin utilization research was limited to wood lignin .
本発明者は、 前記諸問題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、 イネ科植物リグ ニンを有効に使用して、 優れた強度性能及び耐水性を有するボードを得た。  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have obtained a board having excellent strength performance and water resistance by effectively using lignin of the grass family.
すなわち、 本発明のボードは、 リグノセルロース物質を加熱加圧して成板した ボードであって、 接着剤が添加されておらず、 かつ該リグノセルロース物質の乾 燥重量に対してイネ科植物リグニンが 0 . 2〜3 0重量％添加されていることを 特徴とするものである。  That is, the board of the present invention is a board formed by heating and pressurizing a lignocellulosic substance, to which no adhesive is added, and that the lignin of the Poaceae plant is based on the dry weight of the lignocellulosic substance. It is characterized in that 0.2 to 30% by weight is added.
本発明のボードに使用されるイネ科植物リグニンは、 稲、 麦、 竹、 さとうきび、 ァシ、 コゥリヤン等あらゆるィネ科植物のリグニンが対象となる。  The lignin of the Gramineae plant used in the board of the present invention includes lignin of all Gramineae plants such as rice, wheat, bamboo, sugar cane, ash and kolyan.
かかるィネ科植物リダニンは、 ィネ科植物から直接抽出されたものであっても もちろん良いが、 パルプ廃液から抽出したものが工業的に有利である。 パルプ廃 液から抽出したリグニンを使用する場合、 蒸解法の種類は、 クラフト法、 亜硫酸 法、 ソーダ法等のいわゆるケミカルパルプ化法、 セミケミカルパルプ化法、 サー モメカニカルパルプ化法、 有機溶媒法等があり、 いずれを使用しても良いが、 特 にクラフ卜法およびソーダ法を使用するのが好ましい。 イネ科植物リグニンの使 用形態は、 固体または溶液のいずれでも良いが、 粉末状にして基材のリグノセル ロース物質に混合するのが好ましい。  Such a gramineous plant rhidannin may of course be one directly extracted from a gramineous plant, but one extracted from pulp waste liquid is industrially advantageous. When using lignin extracted from pulp waste liquid, the type of digestion method is the so-called chemical pulping method such as the kraft method, sulfite method, soda method, semi-chemical pulping method, thermomechanical pulping method, organic solvent method. Either of them may be used, but it is particularly preferable to use the craft method and the soda method. The use form of the lignin of the Gramineae plant may be either solid or solution, but it is preferable to make it into a powder and mix it with the lignocellulose substance of the base material.
イネ科植物リグニンの使用量は、 基材となるリグノセルロース物質の乾燥重星 に対して 0 . 2〜3 0重星％、 好ましくは 2 ~ 1 5重量％である。  The amount of lignin used in the grass is 0.2 to 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose material used as the base material.
本発明のボードの基材となるリグノセルロース物質は、 草本類、 木材など、 セ ルロース、 へミセルロース、 リグニンを主成分とするあらゆる物質が対象となる。 中でもケナフおよび亜麻の木質部の使用が好ましく、 特に、 ケナフ木質部の使用 が好ましい。 ケナフ木質部を使用したボードは、 耐水性に優れているだけでなく、 比重が 0. 2〜0. 65 g/cm3という軽量のものでも優れた強度性能を発揮す る。 The lignocellulosic substance used as the base material of the board of the present invention is any substance mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, such as herbs and wood. Of these, the use of kenaf and flax wood is preferred, and the use of kenaf wood is particularly preferred. Board using kenaf xylem not only has excellent water resistance, you exhibit specific gravity from 0.2 to 0.65 also excellent strength properties but lightweight as g / cm 3.
上記リグノセルロース物質の形状として、 チップ状、 フレーク状、 繊維状、 粉 末状等の小片等が挙げられるが、 これに限定されるものではない。  Examples of the shape of the lignocellulosic substance include chips, flakes, fibers, powder, and other small pieces, but are not limited thereto.
本発明のイネ科植物リグニンを使用したボードは、 上記リグノセルロース物質 に上記イネ科植物リグニンを混合し、 加熱加圧成形して製造される。 本発明のボ ードの比重は、 用途によって異なるが、 基材にケナフを使用する場合は 0. 1 5 〜0. 8 gZcm3， 好ましくは 0. 2~0. 7 g,c m3、 より好ましくは 0. 4〜0. 65 g/cm3である。 また、 ケナフ以外のリグノセルロース物質を基材 として使用する場合は、 0. 5〜1. 0 gノ cm3、 好ましくは 0. 65〜0. 8 5 g / c m3でめる。 The board using the grass lignin of the present invention is produced by mixing the grass lignin with the lignocellulosic substance and subjecting the mixture to heat and pressure molding. The specific gravity of the board of the present invention varies depending on the application, but when kenaf is used as the base material, the specific gravity is 0.15 to 0.8 gZcm 3 , preferably 0.2 to 0.7 g, cm 3 , Preferably it is 0.4 to 0.65 g / cm 3 . Also, when using the lignocellulosic materials other than kenaf as substrate, 0. 5 to 1. 0 g Roh cm 3, preferably it is 0. 65~0. 8 5 g / cm 3 Demel.
本発明のボードの加熱加圧成形には、 通常のホッ卜プレスを使用すれば良いが、 これに限定されるものではなく、 例えば、 蒸気噴射プレス、 高周波プレス等を使 用しても良い。  The hot press forming of the board of the present invention may be carried out by using an ordinary hot press, but is not limited thereto. For example, a steam injection press, a high frequency press, or the like may be used.
上記加熱加圧成形温度は、 1 80〜250°C、 好ましくは 2 1 0〜240°Cで ある。 成形温度が 1 80°Cを下回ると、 リグニンの熱硬化反応が不十分となるた め好ましくなく、 また、 成形温度が 250°Cを超えるとリグノセルロース物質の 劣化が起こり好ましくない。  The heating and pressing temperature is from 180 to 250 ° C, preferably from 210 to 240 ° C. If the molding temperature is lower than 180 ° C, the thermosetting reaction of lignin becomes insufficient, so that it is not preferable.
成形時間は、 成形温度及びホットプレスの種類によっても異なるが、 通常ボー ドの厚さに比例し、 厚さ 1 mmに対して 40〜1 20秒が好ましく、 60~1 0 0秒がより好ましい。  The molding time varies depending on the molding temperature and the type of hot press, but is usually proportional to the thickness of the board, and is preferably 40 to 120 seconds, more preferably 60 to 100 seconds for a thickness of 1 mm. .
成形圧力は、 主に目的とするボードの比重と厚さによって異なるが、 通常 1 5 〜60 k g f Zc m2が好ましい。 Molding pressure is mainly different specific gravity and thickness of the boards of interest, but is preferably usually 1 5 ~60 kgf Zc m 2.
尚、 本発明においては、 成形する際にリグノセルロース物質の含水率を 8〜4 0%とするのが好ましく、 〗 0〜30 %とするのがより好ましい。 また、 特に、 ボード両面の表層部に位置する、 乾燥重量でボード全体の 50重量％を占める領 域のリグノセルロース物質が、 1 5〜 50%の含水率を有することが好ましい。 上記含水率の範囲内において、 イネ科植物リグニンの熱硬化反応は効果的に進行 する。 尚、 本発明における含水率とは、 リグノセルロース物質の乾燥重量に対し、 リグノセルロース物質に含有されている水の重量％を言う。 In the present invention, the water content of the lignocellulosic substance is preferably 8 to 40%, more preferably 0 to 30%, at the time of molding. In particular, it is preferable that the lignocellulosic material in the region occupying 50% by weight of the entire board by dry weight, which is located on the surface layer on both sides of the board, has a water content of 15 to 50%. Within the above range of the water content, the thermosetting reaction of the lignin of the Gramineae plant effectively proceeds. In addition, the water content in the present invention refers to the weight% of water contained in the lignocellulose substance with respect to the dry weight of the lignocellulose substance.
本発明のボードは、 合成樹脂接着剤を一切使用しないが、 糖またはデンプンを 基材のリグノセルロース物質に対して 1 〜2 0重量％併用しても良い。 特に基材 のリグノセルロース物質が木材の場合、 糖またはデンプンの併用によって強度が 向上する。 デンプンとして、 小麦粉等デンプンを主成分とする植物の粉末を使用 しても良い。  The board of the present invention does not use any synthetic resin adhesive, but may use sugar or starch in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the lignocellulosic substance as the base material. Particularly when the lignocellulosic material of the base material is wood, the strength is improved by using sugar or starch in combination. As starch, flour of a plant containing starch as a main component such as flour may be used.
本発明において、 ボードの成形時間を短縮するために、 基材のリグノセルロー ス物質に対して 0 . 1 ~ 5重量％の酸を添加しても良い。 酸の種類としては、 硫 酸、 塩酸、 リン酸等の無機酸；酢酸、 シユウ酸等の有機酸；塩化アンモニゥ厶等 の酸性塩のいずれでも良いが、 特に塩化アンモニゥ厶の使用が好ましい。 酸を使 用することにより、 ボードの成形時間が酸を使用しない場合の 3 0〜7 0 %に短 縮できる。  In the present invention, 0.1 to 5% by weight of an acid may be added to the lignocellulose substance of the substrate in order to shorten the molding time of the board. The acid may be any of inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid; organic acids such as acetic acid and oxalic acid; and acidic salts such as ammonium chloride. Among them, ammonium chloride is particularly preferable. By using an acid, the molding time of the board can be reduced to 30 to 70% of the case where no acid is used.
本発明のボードが優れた性能を発揮する理由は、 イネ科植物リグニンの特殊な 構造にあると考えられる。  The reason why the board of the present invention exhibits excellent performance is considered to be due to the special structure of lignin of the grass family.
木材等イネ科植物以外のリグニンはフエノール骨格のオルソ位にメ卜キシ基を 有するが、 イネ科植物のリグニンにはメ卜キシ基が存在しない。 フエノールの反 応論において、 フエノールは才ルソ位またはパラ位に反応活性を有すると言われ ており、 オルソ位にメ卜キシ基が存在しないフエノール骨格を持つイネ科植物リ グニンは反応性に富むと考えられる。  Lignin other than gramineous plants such as wood has a methoxy group at the ortho position of the phenol skeleton, but lignin of gramineous plants does not have a methoxy group. According to the phenol reaction theory, phenol is said to have reactive activity at the ruso or para position, and lignin with a phenol skeleton having no methoxy group at the ortho position is highly reactive it is conceivable that.
また、 リグノセルロース物質としてケナフの木質部を使用したものでよリ優れ た性能のボードが得られるのは、 かかるイネ科植物リグニンがケナフ木質部に含 まれる特殊な成分と共縮合反応をするためと考えられる。  In addition, the use of kenaf wood as a lignocellulosic substance provides a board with better performance because the lignin of the grass family co-condenses with a special component contained in the kenaf wood. Conceivable.
発明を実施するための最良の形態  BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
次に実施例により本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、 本発明はこれらにより限定 されるものではない。  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
なお、 本実施例及び比較例ではボードとしてパーティクルボードの製造を行つ たが、 基材となるリグノセルロース物質の小片は、 ナイフリングフレーカー （P a I I ma n) を使用し、 刃出し 0. 6 mmで加工したフレークを用いた。 In this example and the comparative example, a particle board was manufactured as a board. However, a small piece of lignocellulose material serving as a base material was obtained using a knife ring flaker (P a II man) was used, and flakes processed with a blade of 0.6 mm were used.
また、 実施例ではイネ科植物リグニンとして、 ソーダ蒸解法による麦ワラパル プ廃液から抽出したリグニンの粉末を使用した。 また、 比較例〗及び 3では、 木 材リグニンとして、 クラフト蒸解法による針葉樹パルプ廃液から抽出したリグ二 ンの粉末を使用した。  In the examples, lignin powder extracted from wheat straw pulp waste liquid by soda digestion was used as the lignin of the grass family. In Comparative Examples I and 3, lignin powder extracted from conifer pulp waste liquid by the kraft digestion method was used as wood lignin.
さらに、 実施例及び比較例では、 ボードの強度性能を調べるために曲げ強さを、 耐水性を調べるために沸騰水中に 2時間浸潰した後の曲げ強さ （以下、 湿潤時曲 げ強さという） および吸水厚さ膨張率を測定した。 曲げ強さ及び湿潤時曲げ強さ は、 それぞれ」 I S A 5908 5. 5および J I S A 5908 5. 9. 2に準拠し、 50 X 200mmのサイズにカツ卜した 3本の試験片の測定値 の平均値で求めた。 吸水厚さ膨張率は、 J I S A 5908 5. 1 0に準拠 し、 50 X 50mmのサイズにカツ卜した 3本の試験片の測定値の平均値で求め た。  Furthermore, in Examples and Comparative Examples, the flexural strength for examining the strength performance of the board, and the flexural strength after immersion in boiling water for 2 hours to examine the water resistance (hereinafter the flexural strength when wet) And the expansion coefficient of water absorption thickness were measured. The flexural strength and the flexural strength when wet, respectively '' are the average of the measured values of three test pieces cut to a size of 50 x 200 mm in accordance with ISA 5908 5.5 and JISA 5908 5.9.2. I asked for it. The coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was determined by the average value of the measured values of three test pieces cut into a size of 50 × 50 mm in accordance with JIS A 5908 5.10.
以下の実施例 1及び比較例 1及び 2は、 基材としてケナフ木質部を使用した比 重 0. 5 gZc m3程度の軽量のボードに関するものである。 Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 below relate to a lightweight board having a specific gravity of about 0.5 gZcm 3 using a kenaf wood part as a base material.
実施例 1  Example 1
乾燥重量で 220 gのケナフ木質部の小片に、 水を噴霧して含水率を 25%と した後に、 イネ科植物リグニンを 22 g添加し混合した。 かかる試料を、 220 mm角のフォーミングボックスに手撒きしてマツ卜フォーミングした後、 50 c m角の成形可能な電熱ヒーター付油圧プレスを使用し、 1 0mmサイズのスぺー サーを用い、 温度 220°C、 圧力 50 k g f /c m2で、 1 5分間加熱加圧するこ とによって本発明のボードを製造した。 Water was sprayed on small pieces of kenaf woody part with a dry weight of 220 g to adjust the water content to 25%, and then 22 g of lignin of the grass family was added and mixed. The sample was spread by hand in a 220 mm square forming box and subjected to mat forming. Then, a 50 cm square moldable hydraulic press with an electric heater was used, and a 10 mm size spacer was used at a temperature of 220 °. C. The board of the present invention was manufactured by heating and pressing at a pressure of 50 kgf / cm 2 for 15 minutes.
このボードの比重は 0. S gZcm3 曲げ強さは 1 9. 6 N/mm2, 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 1 1. 2 NZmm2、 吸水厚さ膨張率は 6 %であった。 The specific gravity of this board was 0.1 S gZcm 3, the flexural strength was 19.6 N / mm 2 , the flexural strength when wet was 11.2 NZmm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was 6%.
比較例 1  Comparative Example 1
イネ科植物リグニンの代わりに木材リグニンを使用する以外は、 実施例 1と同 じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造した。  Particleboard was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that wood lignin was used instead of grass lignin.
このボードの比重は 0. 50 g/cm3、 曲げ強さは 1 4. 2 N/mm2、 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 4. 3 N/mm2, 吸水厚さ膨張率は 23 %であった。 比較例 2 The specific gravity of this board was 0.50 g / cm 3 , the flexural strength was 14.2 N / mm 2 , the flexural strength when wet was 4.3 N / mm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was 23%. Was. Comparative Example 2
ケナフ木質部の乾燥重量を 240 gとし、 リグニンを使用しない以外は、 実施 例 1 と同じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造した。  Particle board was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dry weight of the kenaf wood part was 240 g and lignin was not used.
このボードの比重は 0. 49 gZcm3、 曲げ強さは 8. 7 N/mm2, 湿潤時 曲げ強さは 0 NZmm2 吸水厚さ膨張率 42%であった。 The specific gravity of this board was 0.49 gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 8.7 N / mm 2 , and the bending strength when wet was 0 NZmm 2 .
以下の実施例 2および 3、 および比較例 3および 4は、 基材として亜麻木質部 を使用したボードに関するものである。  Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 below relate to boards using flax wood as a base material.
実施例 2  Example 2
リグノセルロース物質として、 亜麻木質部を乾燥重量で 340 g使用し、 亜麻 木質部の含水率を 22%とし、 イネ科植物リグニンを 1 7 g使用する以外は、 実 施例 1 と同じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造した。  As a lignocellulosic substance, particle board was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that flax wood was used in an amount of 340 g by dry weight, flax wood was used in a moisture content of 22%, and grass lignin was used in an amount of 17 g. Manufactured.
このボードの比重は 0. 75 gZcm3、 曲げ強さは 22. 4 N/mm2、 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 1 0. 7 NZmm2、 吸水厚さ膨張率は 9 %であった。 The specific gravity of this board was 0.75 gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 22.4 N / mm 2 , the bending strength when wet was 10.7 NZmm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of water absorption thickness was 9%.
実施例 3  Example 3
亜麻木質部のうち、 ボード両面の表層部に位置する、 乾燥重量でボード全体の 50重量％を占める領域の亜麻木質部の含水率を 30%とし、 かつボードの内層 部に位置する、 乾燥重量で 50重量％を占める亜麻木質部の含水率を 6%とする 以外は、 実施例 2と同じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造した。  Of the flax wood part, the moisture content of the flax wood part in the area occupying 50% by weight of the whole board in dry weight, which is located on the surface layer on both sides of the board, is 30%, and the dry weight is 50% in the inner layer part of the board A particle board was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the moisture content of the flax wood part occupying 6 wt% was 6%.
このボードの比重は 0. 74 g/cm3、 曲げ強さは 25. 8 N/mm2、 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 1 2. 1 N/mm2、 吸水厚さ膨張率は 7 %であった。 The specific gravity of the board 0. 74 g / cm 3, flexural strength met 25. 8 N / mm 2, wet flexural strength was 1 2. 1 N / mm 2, the water absorption thickness expansion rate of 7% Was.
比較例 3  Comparative Example 3
ィネ科植物リダニンの代わリに木材リグニンを使用する以外は、 実施例 2と同 じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造した。  Particle board was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that wood lignin was used instead of the gramineous plant redanin.
このボードの比重は 0. 75 gZcm3、 曲げ強さは 1 4. 9 N/mm2、 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 4. 3 N/mm2. 吸水厚さ膨張率は〗 9%であった。 The specific gravity of the board 0. 75 gZcm 3, bending strength 1 4. 9 N / mm 2, wet flexural strength 4. 3 N / mm 2. Water thickness expansion rate was〗 9% .
比較例 4  Comparative Example 4
亜麻木質部の含水率を 6 %とし、 ィネ科植物リグニンの代わりに濃度 60重量 %の尿素樹脂接着剤を 28. 3 g (固形分 1 7. O g) 、 硬ィ匕剤として濃度 1 0 重量％の塩化アンモニゥ厶を 2. 8 g使用し、 さらにプレス温度を 200 C、 プ レス時間を 5分とする以外は、 実施例 2と同じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造 した。 The moisture content of flax wood was 6%, and urea resin adhesive with a concentration of 60% by weight was replaced by 28.3 g (solid content: 17.Og) instead of lignin, and the concentration was 10% as a hardener. Using 2.8 g of ammonium chloride in weight%, press temperature of 200 C, press A particle board was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the rest time was set to 5 minutes.
このボードの比重は 0. 74 gZcm3、 曲げ強さは 1 5. 2 N/mm2、 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 0 N/mm2、 吸水厚さ膨張率は 39%であった。 The specific gravity of this board was 0.74 gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 15.2 N / mm 2 , the bending strength when wet was 0 N / mm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of water absorption thickness was 39%.
実施例 4  Example 4
実施例 4は、 基材として木材を使用し、 イネ科植物リグニンとデンプンとを併 用して製造したボードである。  Example 4 is a board manufactured using wood as a base material and also using lignin and starch in a gramineous plant.
リグノセルロース物質として、 杉を乾燥重量で 340 g使用し、 含水率を 1 8 %とし、 イネ科植物リグニン 1 7 gとデンプン 1 7 gとを添加し混合する以外は、 実施例 1 と同じ方法でパーティクルボードを製造した。  The same method as in Example 1, except that 340 g of cedar is used as a lignocellulose substance by dry weight, the moisture content is 18%, and 17 g of lignin and 17 g of starch are added and mixed. Manufactured particle board.
このボードの比重は 0. T S gZcm3, 曲げ強さは 1 7. 2 N/mm2、 湿潤 時曲げ強さは 8. 6 N/mm2, 吸水厚さ膨張率は 8 %であった。 The specific gravity of this board was 0.1 TS gZcm 3 , the bending strength was 17.2 N / mm 2 , the bending strength when wet was 8.6 N / mm 2 , and the coefficient of expansion of the water absorption thickness was 8%.
産業上の利用可能性 Industrial applicability
本発明によれば、 次のような効果がある。  According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
(1 ) 本発明のボードは、 合成樹脂接着剤を使用しておらず、 有害物質を発生し ない。  (1) The board of the present invention does not use a synthetic resin adhesive and does not generate harmful substances.
(2) ホルムアルデヒドを発生しない。  (2) Does not generate formaldehyde.
(3) 自然界で容易に分解される。  (3) It is easily decomposed in nature.
(4) 本発明のボードは、 優れた力学的強度を持つ。  (4) The board of the present invention has excellent mechanical strength.
(5) 本発明のボードは、 優れた耐水性を持つ。  (5) The board of the present invention has excellent water resistance.
(6) 本発明のボードで、 基材としてケナフを使用しているものは、 軽量でかつ 優れた強度性能と耐水性を持つ。  (6) The board of the present invention using kenaf as a base material is lightweight and has excellent strength performance and water resistance.
(7) 本発明のボードは、 パルプ廃液から抽出したイネ科植物リグニンを使用で きるので、 パルプ廃液による環境汚染の問題を解決する。  (7) The board of the present invention can use grass lignin extracted from pulp waste liquor, thereby solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by pulp waste liquor.

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims
1. リグノセルロース物質を加熱加圧して成板したボードにおいて、 接着剤 が添加されておらず、 かつリグノセルロース物質の乾燥重量に対してィネ科植物 リグニンが 0. 2〜30重量％添加されていることを特徴とするボード。 1. In a board formed by heating and pressurizing a lignocellulose material, no adhesive is added, and 0.2-30% by weight of lignin is added to the dry weight of the lignocellulose material. A board characterized in that:
2. 上記イネ科植物リグニンが、 パルプ廃液から抽出されることを特徴とす る請求項 1記載のボード。  2. The board according to claim 1, wherein the lignin is extracted from pulp waste liquid.
3. 上記リグノセルロース物質が、 ケナフ木質部であることを特徴とする請 求項 1または 2記載のボード。  3. The board according to claim 1, wherein the lignocellulose material is a kenaf wood part.
4. ボードの比重が 0. 1 5〜0. 65 gZc m3である請求項 3記載のボー 4. The boad according to claim 3 , wherein the specific gravity of the board is 0.15 to 0.65 gZcm3.
5. 上記リグノセルロース物質が、 亜麻木質部であることを特徴とする請求 項 1または 2記載のボード。 5. The board according to claim 1, wherein the lignocellulosic substance is a flax wood part.
6. 上記リグノセルロース物質の乾燥重量に対して 0. 2〜30重量％のィ ネ科植物リグニンを上記リグノセルロース物質に添加混合し、 1 80〜250°C の温度で加熱加圧して成板することを特徴とするボードの製造方法。  6. Add the lignin of 0.2 to 30% by weight based on the dry weight of the lignocellulosic material to the lignocellulosic material, mix and heat and press at a temperature of 180 to 250 ° C. A method of manufacturing a board.
7. 上記リグノセルロース物質の成板時の含水率が 8〜 40%であることを 特徴とする請求項 6記載のボードの製造方法。  7. The board manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein the lignocellulose material has a water content of 8 to 40% at the time of forming.
8. ボード両面の表層部に位置する、 乾燥重量でボード全体の 50重量％を 占める領域のリグノセルロース物質が、 1 5~50 %の含水率を有することを特 徴とする請求項 6または 7記載のボードの製造方法。  8. The lignocellulosic material in an area that occupies 50% by weight of the entire board by dry weight, which is located on the surface layer on both sides of the board, has a moisture content of 15 to 50%. The method for manufacturing the board described in the above.
9. 上記イネ科植物リグニンが、 パルプ廃液から抽出されることを特徴とす る請求項 6〜 8のいずれか記載のボードの製造方法。  9. The method for producing a board according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the grass lignin is extracted from pulp waste liquid.
1 0. 上記リグノセルロース物質が、 ケナフ木質部であることを特徴とする請 求項 6〜 9のいずれか記載のボードの製造方法。  10. The method for producing a board according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the lignocellulosic substance is a kenaf wood part.
1 1. ボードの比重が 0. 1 5〜0. 65 gZcm3であることを特徴とする請 求項 1 0記載のボードの製造方法。 1 1. The method for producing a board according to claim 10, wherein the specific gravity of the board is 0.15 to 0.65 gZcm 3 .
1 2. 上記リグノセルロース物質が、 亜麻木質部であることを特徴とする請求 項 6〜 9のいずれか記載のボードの製造方法。  1 2. The method for producing a board according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the lignocellulosic substance is a flax wood part.
PCT/JP1998/001938 1997-04-30 1998-04-28 Boards produced with the use of grass plant lignin and process for producing the same WO1998048990A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2001293706A (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-23 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Particle board
JP3361819B2 (en) * 1997-05-05 2003-01-07 剛 河野 Adhesive and board using it
JP2011218775A (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-11-04 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Woody building material
JP2011224950A (en) * 2010-04-19 2011-11-10 Kono Shinsozai Kaihatsu Kk Method of manufacturing board
JP2019502580A (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-01-31 グッドハウト・ホールディング・ベー．フェー．Ｇｏｏｄｈｏｕｔ Ｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ Ｂ．Ｖ． Artificial wood board manufacturing method
ES2705437A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-25 Univ Madrid Politecnica PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING BOARDS FROM MACROPHYTES PLANTS WITH AERÉNQUIMA TISSUE AND BOARDS OBTAINED FROM SUCH PROCESS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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JP2009298132A (en) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-24 Kono Shinsozai Kaihatsu Kk Improved lumber and method of manufacturing the same
JP2011144340A (en) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-28 Kono Shinsozai Kaihatsu Kk Epoxy resin
JP5624335B2 (en) * 2010-02-17 2014-11-12 株式会社フジタ Method for producing wood-based fine fiber material and method for molding wood-molded body using this wood-based fine fiber material
CN103406967B (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-07-29 有机木材集团有限公司 Based on the method preparing Formaldehyde Free Wood-based Panel of lignin glue
JP2016074154A (en) * 2014-10-07 2016-05-12 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Fiberboard and method for producing the same
JP6299007B1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-03-28 トヨタ紡織株式会社 Wood board, method for manufacturing the same, and mat-like material
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WO1996019328A1 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Tsuyoshi Kono Board produced from malvaceous bast plant and process for producing the same

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JP3361819B2 (en) * 1997-05-05 2003-01-07 剛 河野 Adhesive and board using it
JP2001293706A (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-23 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Particle board
JP2011218775A (en) * 2010-02-10 2011-11-04 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Woody building material
JP2011224950A (en) * 2010-04-19 2011-11-10 Kono Shinsozai Kaihatsu Kk Method of manufacturing board
JP2019502580A (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-01-31 グッドハウト・ホールディング・ベー．フェー．Ｇｏｏｄｈｏｕｔ Ｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ Ｂ．Ｖ． Artificial wood board manufacturing method
ES2705437A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-25 Univ Madrid Politecnica PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING BOARDS FROM MACROPHYTES PLANTS WITH AERÉNQUIMA TISSUE AND BOARDS OBTAINED FROM SUCH PROCESS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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AU7082198A (en) 1998-11-24
CN1094090C (en) 2002-11-13
JPH10305409A (en) 1998-11-17
CN1254306A (en) 2000-05-24

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