WO1998042858A1 - Procede servant a isoler un sel de metal alcalin d'acide clavulanique acceptable pharmaceutiquement - Google Patents

Procede servant a isoler un sel de metal alcalin d'acide clavulanique acceptable pharmaceutiquement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998042858A1
WO1998042858A1 PCT/EP1998/001637 EP9801637W WO9842858A1 WO 1998042858 A1 WO1998042858 A1 WO 1998042858A1 EP 9801637 W EP9801637 W EP 9801637W WO 9842858 A1 WO9842858 A1 WO 9842858A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clavulanic acid
alkali metal
water immiscible
solvent
process according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/001637
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English (en)
Inventor
Joaquim P. Cardoso
Original Assignee
Cipan-Companhia Industrial Produtora De Antibióticos, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP97104947A external-priority patent/EP0867515B1/fr
Application filed by Cipan-Companhia Industrial Produtora De Antibióticos, S.A. filed Critical Cipan-Companhia Industrial Produtora De Antibióticos, S.A.
Priority to JP54486598A priority Critical patent/JP3474204B2/ja
Priority to AU70389/98A priority patent/AU740387B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP1998/001637 priority patent/WO1998042858A1/fr
Priority to US09/381,884 priority patent/US6417352B1/en
Priority to NZ337476A priority patent/NZ337476A/xx
Publication of WO1998042858A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998042858A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
    • C12P17/188—Heterocyclic compound containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D503/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-oxa-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. oxapenicillins, clavulanic acid derivatives; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel process for the isolation of the pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salt of clavulanic acid from a fermentation broth containing impure clavulanic acid comprising the steps of filtration of the fermented broth, extraction of clavulanic acid to a water im- miscible or partly water immiscible solvent at a pH from 1.2 to 2 , precipitati n of the alkali metal salt A of clavulanic acid by addition of a solution of an alkali metal alkylalkanoate.
  • Clavulanic acid and its alkali metal salts and esters are used in pharmaceutical preparation to prevent the deactivati- on of ⁇ -lactam antibiotics.
  • Commercial preparations of clavulanic acid contain potassium clavulanate in combination with amoxycillin trihydrate.
  • Clavulanic acid is an unstable hygro- scopic oil. Potassium clavulanate is more stable than the free acid or other salts, and is therefore most frequently used for commercial preparations.
  • Clavulanic acid and its derivatives are inhibitors of the ⁇ - lactamases.
  • the resistance of ⁇ -lactam antibiotics is associated with inactivation of ⁇ -lactam structure due to the opening of ⁇ -lactam ring by ⁇ -lactamase produced by bacteria.
  • the inactivating enzymes are commonly called as ⁇ - lactamase, they are divided into penicillinase and cephalos- porinase.
  • clavulanic acid itself is believed to have an antibacterial activity.
  • Clavulanic acid is produced from various strains of microorganism by a fermentation process.
  • strains belonging to the genus Streptomyces such as S. clavuligerus NRRL 3585 (USA Patent 4,110,165), S. jumonjinen- sis NRRL 5741 (British Patent 1,563,103), S. katsurahamanus IFO 13716 (Japanese Patent 83,009,579), and Streptomyces sp. P6621 FERM 2804 (Japanese Patent 55,162,993) are used.
  • the microorganism Streptomyces clavuligerus is preferred.
  • GB 1 508 977 discloses preparation of clavulanic acid and its salts by filtration of the fermentation broth by passage through an anionic exchange resin.
  • GB 1 543 563 discloses a fermentation process wherein the pH value of the medium is maintained in the range of 6.3 to 6.7.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt such as potassium clavu ⁇ lanate is prepared by ion exchange process from lithium cla ⁇ vulanate.
  • lithium clavulanate is not a pharmaceuti ⁇ cally acceptable salt. Therefore it is necessary to add an ion exchange process as a further step for preparing a phar ⁇ maceutically acceptable form of the compound.
  • the remaining salt lithium chloride is soluble in organic solvents and therefore it is difficult to separate the lithi ⁇ um chloride in the aqueous phase during the extraction process.
  • EP-0 647 229 for example describes a process for the preparation of a purified clavulanic acid or a salt or ester thereof by preparing a diamine salt of clavulanic acid and converting this interme- diate compound into clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester. The conversion is made by adding for example potassium 2-ethylhexanoate and precipitating potassium clavulanate.
  • WO 95/34194 A2 describes a process for manufacturing an alkali metal salt of clavulanic acid wherein impure clavulanic acid in aqueous solution is extracted by a solvent mixture of ke- tone and alkyl acetate under acidic condition. The solution is than treated in a conventional manner and the solution of an alkali metal salt of alkanoic acid dissolved in ketone or alkanol solvent is added to obtain pure alkali metal salt of clavulanic acid.
  • the process according to this state of the art omits the step of formation of amine salts. This process has the advantage that the use of mostly toxic amines is no longer necessary.
  • alkali metal salt of alkanoic acid sodium or potassium salts are used, especially potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • a similar process is also described in WO 96/28452 Al .
  • This process comprises the steps of removing solids from a clavulanic acid containing fermentation broth by microfiltration, acidifying the filtrate to a pH between 1 and 3, extracting the acidified filtrate with a water immiscible solvent and separating the clavulanic acid containing extract.
  • This extract is mixed with a metal donor and at least one additional solvent. From the solution the metal clavulanate salt is se- parated.
  • metal donor compounds organic salts, carbonates, bicarbo- nates or hydroxides of potassium, sodium, lithium or magnesium can be used.
  • carboxylic acid salt is preferred.
  • Further preferred metal donors include potassium 2- ethylhexanoate, potassium acetate, lithium 2-ethylhexanoate and lithium acetate.
  • EP-0 182 522 Bl also describes a process for the preparation of clavulanic acid and its salts and esters.
  • the fermentation broth is worked up as follows. The solids are removed by filtration or centrifugation. The broth is acidified to a pH of 1 to 3 and clavulanic acid is extracted by adding a water immiscible solvent with two phases being separated for example by centrifugation. This gives the clavulanic acid in the water immiscible phase. The solution is purified by mixing it with the dissolved lithium 2- ethylhexanoate solution isolating lithium clavulanate and optionally converting the lithium salt to other salts or an ester. The conversion of the lithium salt to other salts is carried out by ion exchange procedures using ion exchange resins in the form of the desired cation preferably sodium or potassium.
  • the object of the invention therefore is to prepare clavulanic acid and its pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salts such as potassium clavulanate in a new and simple manner wherein the desired substance is obtained in a very high yield without any additional purification steps and of high purity avoiding the use of toxic amines or lithium compounds.
  • This technical problem is solved by a process which is characterized by the following steps: - before the filtration of the fermentation broth, the fermentation broth containing clavulanic acid is diluted with water, a flocculating agent is added and the pH is adjusted to pH 3 to 5, for further purification the alkali metal salt A of davulanic acid is converted to clavulanic acid by addition of an inorganic acid and is extracted into a water immiscible or partly water immiscible solvent, and to the solution of clavulanic acid a solution of a different alkali metal alkylalkanoate B is added and the alkali metal salt B of clavulanic acid is precipitated.
  • Suitable salts according to the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts.
  • potassium clavulanate is the most stable compound which is normally used for pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the clavulanic acid itself is an unstable hygroscopic oil which is not used for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds .
  • the alkylalkanoate is an alkylhexa- noate, especially 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • the alkali metal A is sodium and the alkali metal B is potassium.
  • the filtered broth containing clavulanic acid is purified after the filtration step by adsorption on an anion exchange resin containing column and eluted with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt.
  • anionic exchange resin for example DIAION ® SA-11A is used.
  • clavulanic acid is extracted into a water immiscible solvent or a partly water immiscible solvent and sodium clavulanate is precipitated by the addition of sodium 2-ethylhexanoate solution in an appropriate solvent after dehydration with anhydrous sodium or magnesium sulphates and purification with activated carbon.
  • a water immiscible or partly water im- miscible solvent at an adequate pH between 1.2 - 2.0 without using a column.
  • 3 to 4 volumes of solvent in relation to the filtered broth are used in this step.
  • the clavulanic acid is extracted from the above solvent to an aqueous solution using an organic base, preferably triethylamine or diethylamine. In this operation, a concentration of about 10 to 15 times is obtained.
  • the exhaust solvent can be re-used in the process without a purification step.
  • the clavulanic acid is back extracted to a water immiscible or partly water immiscible solvent. From the solvent sodium clavulanate is precipitated by addition of the sodium 2-ethylhexanoate solution in an appropriate solvent after dehydration.
  • Clavulanic acid is a hygroscopic oil and is not very stable in aqueous solution. Therefore, this solution of clavulanic
  • - b ⁇ acid in a water immiscible or partly water immiscible solvent is dehydrated in a preferred manner by addition of anhydrous sodium or magnesium sulphate and further purified by addition of activated carbon.
  • activated carbon By the use of the activated carbon the coloured impurities are removed from the solution.
  • solvent ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone or mixtures thereof are used.
  • a flocculating agent can be used before the filtration step.
  • flocculating agents quaternary ammonium salts are preferred.
  • a further object of the present invention is the use of sodium clavulanate as intermediate compound for the preparation of the pharmaceutically acceptable potassium clavulanate.
  • the solution After filtration of the fermented broth the solution can be directly extracted to an organic solvent at an adequate pH s about 1.2 to 2.0, preferably using 3 to 4 volumes of solvent in relation to the filtered broth. It is also possible to adsorb the solution before that step onto an anionic exchange resin and to elute clavulanic acid with an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal salt.
  • the extraction step leads to an 0 organic phase which contains the clavulanic acid from the fermentation process.
  • the organic phase is dehydrated with anhydrous sodium or magnesium sulphate and purified with activated carbon. Thereafter sodium 2-ethylhexanoate in an organic solution is added and after a period of crystalliza- 5 tion crystals of sodium clavulanate can be collected by filtration.
  • the conversion from sodium clavulanate to potassium clavulanate is carried out by extraction of clavulanic acid to an o adequate solvent and crystallization of potassium clavulanate after dilution of the acid with an adequate solvent and addition of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate or potassium acetate solution in an appropriate solvent.
  • sodium clavulanate is suspended in a mixture of methyl isobutyl ke- tone or ethyl acetate or butyl acetate with water.
  • an inorganic acid is added.
  • the salt of the clavulanic acid is converted into clavulanic acid.
  • the acid is extracted into the organic phase with stir- ring.
  • the mixture is then diluted with isopropanol and a solution of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate in isopropanol is added to reach a pH between 6 and 7. After a crystallization period of 2 hours at low temperature potassium clavulanate crystals can be collected by filtration.
  • potassium clavulanate can be recrystallized.
  • a further alternative way is a back extraction of clavulanic acid to the water immiscible or partly immiscible solvent.
  • clavulanic acid salts of potassium can be prepared in high purity and good yields.
  • the process is simple and allows to work without the use of any toxic amines.
  • the purity of the potassium clavulanic acid prepared by the present invention is higher then the purity of this compound made from processes of the state of the art which directly use the precipitation by reaction with potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
  • Example 1 Effect of pre-dilution of fermented both with water on the rate and yield of filtration.
  • Example 2 Combined effect of fermented broth pre- dilution and use of flocculating agents on the rate and yield of filtration.
  • Portions of 200 ml of clavulanic acid fermented broth were treated with 4 % (w/v) of filter aid (Dicalite 478) and with
  • Example 3 Combined effect to fermented broth pre- dilution with the use of a flocculating agent and pH adjustment to 4.5 on the rate and yield of filtration.
  • the cake was washed with 10 % (v/v) of water leading to a total volume of filtered broth of about 1100 1, with an assay of 2500 ⁇ g/ml (yield of filtration about 92 %) .
  • the filtrate containing the clavulanic acid was adsorbed onto an anionic resin (Diaion SA-11A) in columns and the adsorbed clavulanic acid eluted with a solution of a 1.0M sodium chloride.
  • the combined yield of adsorption/elution was approximately 85 % of the theoretical and the average concentration
  • n- of the mixed rich eluate obtained was about 10000 ⁇ g/ml.
  • This eluate was extracted with 4 volumes of ethyl acetate at pH around 1.4 with 25 % (w/v) sulphuric acid to give an ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of about 2000 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Butyl acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone can also be used.
  • the ethyl acetate extract was treated with anhydrous sodium sulphate and activated carbon and filtered using a Buckner type filter. The filtrate obtained was again treated with anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered.
  • a 0.3 M solution of sodium 2-ethylhexanoate in ethyl acetate was prepared. This solution was treated with anhydrous sodium sulphate and activated carbon and filtered. Afterwards, this clear solution was added to the ethyl acetate extract, for one hour, to reach a pH within the range 6.0 - 6.2. After this addition, and after a period of crystallization, of approximately one hour at low temperature (5° C) , the crystals of sodium clavulanate were collected by filtration (centrifugation can also be used) washed two times with acetone and dried with a stream of nitrogen gas under vacuum. The analysis of the sodium clavulanate was 70 % (as clavula- nic acid) meaning a global yield from the whole broth of about 58 % of the theoretical.
  • the intermediate salt was prepared as in Example 1 with the following differences:
  • the solvent used to extract clavulanic acid from the mixed rich eluate was butyl acetate which was dehydrated with anhy-
  • the intermediate salt was obtained as in Example 1 with the following differences:
  • the solvent used to extract clavulanic acid from the rich eluate was methyl isobutyl ketone which after extraction was dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulphate and purified with activated carbon. After solids removal, the purified methyl isobutyl ketone containing clavulanic acid was treated with a solution of a 0.3M sodium 2-ethylhexanoate in methyl isobutyl ketone. The crystallization of sodium clavulanate was effected during 1.5 hours at 5° C. The analysis of the sodium clavulanate was about 70 % as clavulanic acid and the final yield from the whole broth about 50 % of the theoretical.
  • the intermediate salt was obtained as in Example 1 with the following differences:
  • the analysis of the sodium clavulanate obtained was 72 % (as 5 clavulanic acid) and the global yield obtained from the whole broth was approximately 50 % of the theoretical.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to 5° C and after a crystallization period of 1.5 hours, the potassium clavulanate crystals were collected by filtration in a closed filter, washed with acetone, pressed with a nitrogen stream, and 5 dried under vacuum at room temperature to a moisture level below 0.5 %.
  • the assay of the product obtained was 81 % (as clavulanic acid) .
  • the conversion yield from sodium clavulanate was 75 % o of the theoretical.
  • potassium clavulanate can be purified as described in the example below.
  • a mixture of methyl isobutyl ketone and water (98/2, v/v) was prepared. Potassium clavulanate was suspended in the previously prepared mixture, and diluted pure hydrochloric acid was added until pH 1.3. The temperature was kept below 5° C. The potassium clavulanate was converted into clavulanic acid and extraced to the solvent. After extraction and phase separation, the rich methyl isobutyl ketone was treated with anhydrous sodium sulphate and activated carbon, and filtered.
  • Isopropanol was added to the methyl isobutyl ketone and a 0.3M solution of potassium 2-ethylhexanoate in isopropanol was added for 1 hour at room temperature. After a crystallization period of 3 hours at 5° C, the crystals of potassium clavulanate were recovered by filtration in a closed filter, washed with anhydrous acetone, pressed with a nitrogen stream and dried under vacuum at room temperature, to reach a moisture level lower than 0.5 %. The yield of recrystallization was about 80 % of the theoretical.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à isoler un sel de métal alcalin acceptable sur le plan pharmaceutique d'acide clavulanique depuis un bouillon de fermentation contenant de l'acide clavulanique impur, ce qui consiste à filtrer le bouillon fermenté, à extraire l'acide clavulanique dans un solvant non miscible ou partiellement miscible dans l'eau à un pH situé entre 1,2 et 2, à précipiter un sel de métal alcalin A d'acide clavulanique en ajoutant une solution d'un alkylalkanoate de métal alcalin, ce procédé étant caractérisé par les étapes suivantes: avant la filtration, on dilue dans de l'eau le bouillon fermenté contenant de l'acide clavulanique, on ajoute un agent de floculation et on règle le pH à 3-5; on convertit, afin d'accentuer la purification, le sel de métal alcalin A d'acide clavulanique en acide clavulanique par apport d'un acide inorganique et on extrait l'acide clavulanique dans un solvant non miscible ou partiellement miscible dans l'eau; on ajoute une solution d'alkylalkanoate d'un différent métal alcalin B et on effectue la précipitation du sel de métal alcalin B d'acide clavulanique.
PCT/EP1998/001637 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Procede servant a isoler un sel de metal alcalin d'acide clavulanique acceptable pharmaceutiquement WO1998042858A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP54486598A JP3474204B2 (ja) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 クラブラン酸の薬学的に許容されるアルカリ金属塩の単離方法
AU70389/98A AU740387B2 (en) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Process for the isolation of a pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salt of clavulanic acid
PCT/EP1998/001637 WO1998042858A1 (fr) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Procede servant a isoler un sel de metal alcalin d'acide clavulanique acceptable pharmaceutiquement
US09/381,884 US6417352B1 (en) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Process for the isolation of a pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salt of clavulanic acid
NZ337476A NZ337476A (en) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Process for the isolation of a pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salt of clavulanic acid

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97104947A EP0867515B1 (fr) 1997-03-24 1997-03-24 Procédé d'isolation d'un sel alcalin métallique pharmaceutiquement acceptable de l'acide clavulanique
EP97104947.3 1997-03-24
PCT/EP1998/001637 WO1998042858A1 (fr) 1997-03-24 1998-03-20 Procede servant a isoler un sel de metal alcalin d'acide clavulanique acceptable pharmaceutiquement

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001087891A1 (fr) * 2000-05-13 2001-11-22 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Procede de purification d'un sel d'acide clavulanique
WO2002022846A1 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Procede

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995021173A1 (fr) * 1994-02-02 1995-08-10 Smithkline Beecham Plc Procede de preparation d'un sel d'acide clavulanique
WO1995023870A1 (fr) * 1994-03-02 1995-09-08 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih In Kemic^¿Nih Izdelkov, D.D. Nouveau procede d'isolement d'acide clavulanique et de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables a partir du bouillon de fermentation de streptomyces sp. p 6621 ferm p 2804
US5498788A (en) * 1992-07-08 1996-03-12 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih Inclusion complexes of clavulanic acid and of potassium salts thereof with hydrophobic β-cyclodextrin derivatives a process for the preparation thereof
WO1996028452A1 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1996-09-19 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D.D. Procede de preparation de sels de l'acide clavulanique, acceptables sur le plan pharmacologique
WO1997005142A1 (fr) * 1995-08-02 1997-02-13 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Procede pour la preparation de clavulanate de potassium

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5498788A (en) * 1992-07-08 1996-03-12 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih Inclusion complexes of clavulanic acid and of potassium salts thereof with hydrophobic β-cyclodextrin derivatives a process for the preparation thereof
WO1995021173A1 (fr) * 1994-02-02 1995-08-10 Smithkline Beecham Plc Procede de preparation d'un sel d'acide clavulanique
WO1995023870A1 (fr) * 1994-03-02 1995-09-08 Lek, Tovarna Farmacevtskih In Kemic^¿Nih Izdelkov, D.D. Nouveau procede d'isolement d'acide clavulanique et de ses sels pharmaceutiquement acceptables a partir du bouillon de fermentation de streptomyces sp. p 6621 ferm p 2804
WO1996028452A1 (fr) * 1995-03-10 1996-09-19 Lek Pharmaceutical And Chemical Co. D.D. Procede de preparation de sels de l'acide clavulanique, acceptables sur le plan pharmacologique
WO1997005142A1 (fr) * 1995-08-02 1997-02-13 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Procede pour la preparation de clavulanate de potassium

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001087891A1 (fr) * 2000-05-13 2001-11-22 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Procede de purification d'un sel d'acide clavulanique
JP2003533529A (ja) * 2000-05-13 2003-11-11 スミスクライン ビーチャム パブリック リミテッド カンパニー クラブラン酸塩の精製方法
AU776184B2 (en) * 2000-05-13 2004-09-02 Smithkline Beecham Plc Process for the purification of a salt of clavulanic acid
KR100827898B1 (ko) 2000-05-13 2008-05-07 스미스클라인비이참피이엘시이 클라불란산의 염의 정제 방법
US7767823B2 (en) 2000-05-13 2010-08-03 Smithkline Beecham Limited Process for the purification of a salt of clavulanic acid
CZ304775B6 (cs) * 2000-05-13 2014-10-15 Smithkline Beecham Plc Způsob přípravy klavulanátu draselného
WO2002022846A1 (fr) * 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Procede
US7087748B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2006-08-08 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Process

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