WO1998026650A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von sorptionsmitteln auf der basis von cellulosehaltigem material und tonmineralien - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von sorptionsmitteln auf der basis von cellulosehaltigem material und tonmineralien Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998026650A1 WO1998026650A1 PCT/EP1997/007208 EP9707208W WO9826650A1 WO 1998026650 A1 WO1998026650 A1 WO 1998026650A1 EP 9707208 W EP9707208 W EP 9707208W WO 9826650 A1 WO9826650 A1 WO 9826650A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- cellulose
- containing material
- water content
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095564 anhydrous calcium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical group O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052631 glauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/46—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic and organic materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing sorbents based on cellulose-containing material and at least one smectite clay mineral for absorbing liquids. These sorbents are suitable for absorbing any liquids; they are particularly suitable as a litter for pets, which is why the following explanations refer to this area of application.
- litter materials In urban areas in particular, pet farming is increasingly linked to the use of litter materials. These have the task of absorbing the liquids released by the animals. They should also remove moisture from the semi-solid, moist animal excrement and excretions in order to reduce the development of odors. Good spreading materials should continue to absorb released or withdrawn liquids to form a compact lump that can be removed in a simple and economical manner. Optimal animal litter should therefore have a high suction capacity and absorb the liquids given off by the animals completely within the bed without the floor of the litter container being wetted.
- the scattering materials to be found on the market are organic substances such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, bark, shredded paper, cellulose fibers, agricultural residues, etc .; these are used alone or in mixtures with inorganic materials.
- the disadvantage of the organic scattering materials is the often non-existent or unsatisfactory lump formation or their consistency as well as their tendency to bacterial decomposition, especially in combination with moisture.
- US Pat. No. 5,000,115 discloses a sorbent, in particular a scattering agent for pets, based on swellable smectic clay minerals, which may additionally contain sand or cellulose-containing materials, such as wood chips or chips and shredded paper. The ingredients are dry mixed without compression.
- the paper residues can contain about 10 to 50% of the usual paper fillers such as kaolin.
- the fillers described are not swellable, which is why the scattering materials do not form lumps when absorbing liquids.
- DE-A-41 01 243 discloses an animal litter and a method their production is known, according to which cellulose, cellulose derivatives and / or cellulose-containing materials of agricultural or industrial origin and wood waste, such as sawdust, with a particle size of up to 1 mm are mixed or agitated with weighting agents and thickeners, such as bentonite, in the presence of water, that The mixture is dewatered without compacting to a residual water content of not more than 10% by weight and the remaining residue is crushed to a particle size above 1 mm.
- the weighting agent is added in such an amount that the bulk density of the animal litter after drying is above about 500 kg / m 3 .
- the higher bulk density than the organic scattering materials is stated to be advantageous.
- DE-A-38 16 225 discloses a scattering material based on cellulose-containing material as a wet substance and a capillary-capable, small-grained substance such as limestone powder, wood powder, clay powder, bentonite or pumice stone powder.
- paper capture material is mixed as a wet substance with a moisture content of 50 to 60% and pumice stone flour with a moisture content of ⁇ 30% and then dried.
- a mixture of wood flour and cellulose fibers compacting takes place in a screw compactor.
- the spreading material is crumbly and has a high proportion of dust-fine material. It does not form lumps when liquids are added.
- DE-A-4 338 362 discloses a process for producing smectite-based sorbents for taking up liquids, where (a) a smectite with a water content of less than 6% by weight; (b) a mass of fibrous cellulose and inorganic pigments resulting from the treatment of waste water from papermaking; and (c) anhydrous calcium sulfate or calcium sulfate hemihydrate are mixed together, compacted and broken, - the The quantitative ratio between (a), (b) and (c) is chosen so that the water content of the granular material is less than 20% by weight. Compacting creates pieces with a wide grain size distribution, which are then broken, resulting in a relatively high proportion of dust-fine material.
- EP-B-0 663 793 discloses a method for producing sorbents based on spectites and cellulose-containing materials with a low bulk density, a moist mixture of smectite and crushed wood material or another cellulosic material of plant origin, ie cellulose-containing primary raw material, treated with intimate shear with subsequent extraction and then dried and granulated. A relatively high proportion of fine-particle material arises during the granulation.
- EP-A-0 087 001 discloses sorbents based on clay mineral particles with a particle size of 710 ⁇ m to 4 mm, which represent compacted masses of particles of ⁇ 2 mm.
- the clay mineral particles are characterized by water-soluble or water-dispersible substances, e.g. Cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, or starch, are linked together. The use of cellulose-containing material which is not swellable in water is not described.
- DE-A-43 11 488 discloses a process for the production of sorbents based on cellulose fibers, shredded wood material and clay minerals, a finely divided cellulose-containing material with an average fiber length of 0. 4 to 3 mm and a residual moisture of 5 to 15% by weight and / or a shredded wood material with an average fiber length of 0.05 to 2.0 mm and a residual moisture of 10 to 20% by weight; and a smectitic clay mineral in fine form homogeneously mixed with an average particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, a residual moisture content of 5 to 15% by weight and a smectite content of at least 50% by weight, and the compacted mixture is comminuted.
- the compaction takes place with the help of press rolls (briquetting rolls or press granulation rolls). A relatively high proportion of fine-particle material arises during the comminution.
- the invention thus relates to a method for producing sorbents based on cellulose-containing material and at least one swellable smectite clay mineral which form lumps when liquids are absorbed; the process is characterized in that
- cellulose-containing material is understood to mean a material since, in contrast to the cellulose derivatives described in EP-A-0 087 001, practically does not swell in water and therefore also has no binder properties.
- the sorbents produced by the process according to the invention are relatively light, so that they can be better transported and handled by consumers. For example, a litter box can be easily filled and emptied. Furthermore, the sorbents produced in this way have an excellent lump formation, the lumps to be disposed of being of reduced weight; they do not dust and have excellent absorbency. Without being bound by this theory, it is assumed that the advantageous properties are at least partly due to a particularly intimate connection between the cellulose-containing material and the smectite clay mineral.
- the water content of the mixture is in a very narrow range between approximately 25 and 40% by weight, in particular between approximately 28 and 35% by weight. If the water content is outside this range, the properties of the sorbent obtained deteriorate and, for example, a higher bulk density, poorer absorption properties or deteriorated lump formation are achieved.
- the water content according to the invention prevents excessive compaction during the press molding, since the water is hardly compressible.
- Advantageously low bulk densities can thus be achieved.
- the composition when subsequently dried, it can preferably have a residual water content of about 5 up to 15% by weight, form a certain porosity because the evaporation of the water and the shrinking of the cellulose-containing materials, for example the wood fibers, create cavities during drying.
- This not only gives the advantage of a low bulk density, but the cavities are then also available for the absorption of liquids and gases, so that the absorption properties of the sorbent are improved.
- the capillary effects in the small cavities can lead to faster absorption of liquid.
- the water content of the mixture during press molding which is essential according to the invention, can either already be present in the individual components used, such as the cellulose-containing material and the smectic clay mineral (s), or can be adjusted before the press molding, preferably by adding water or aqueous solutions.
- water is added to the dry mixture, which contains the cellulose-containing material and the smectitic clay mineral (s) with a total water content of less than approximately 25% by weight, until the total water content is between approximately 25 and 40 , in particular between about 28 and 35 wt .-%.
- the first variant does not start from a dry mixture, but from moist starting materials, so that there is no need to add water before the compression molding.
- the mixture of cellulose-containing material and smectite clay mineral is compressed using a die press.
- a flat die press essentially represents a cylindrical vessel with a flat, perforated base plate against which one or more rotating rollers press.
- two rollers are arranged above the base plate, which rotate on an axis in the center of the cylindrical vessel and on the other about an axis perpendicular to it in the manner of a pan mill.
- the moist mixture of cellulose-containing material and smectite clay mineral is compacted once in the gap between the perforated base plate and the rotating roller (s) and on the other hand as it passes through the openings in the perforated base plate.
- a cylinder die press contains a perforated outer cylinder in which there is at least one roller which rotates about its axis and / or the axis of the outer cylinder and which presses against the inner wall of the outer cylinder.
- the moist mixture of cellulose-containing material and smectite clay mineral is compressed on the one hand in the gap between the perforated outer cylinder and the rotatable roller (s) and on the other hand as it passes through the openings of the outer cylinder.
- the perforated outer cylinder rotates while the roller (s) inside the outer cylinder is (are) stationary.
- elongated shaped bodies are obtained which, depending on the shape of the openings in the flat base plate or in the outer cylinder, are either cylindrical or polygonal.
- the elongated shaped bodies are cut essentially transversely to the exit direction, which can be done, for example, with the aid of a knife-like scraper which is arranged below the perforated base plate or on the outer wall of the perforated cylinder. In this way, it is not necessary to break the shaped bodies in a separate process step after drying, as a result of which the percentage of fine fractions, in particular of dust-like fractions, can be reduced.
- the comminuted and dried moldings are freed of them (e.g. by sieving), and the separated fine particles are returned to the mixing stage if necessary.
- the energy input during press granulation should generally be between approximately 3 and 9 kWh / to, in particular between approximately 5 and 7 kWh / to.
- a swellable smectite clay mineral is important in order to achieve the full advantages according to the invention, since clay minerals which cannot swell, such as kaolin, have a low water absorption capacity and there is no formation of lumps.
- clay minerals which cannot swell such as kaolin
- swellable minerals of the montmorillonite group such as bentonite, but also hectorite, glauconite, sauconite, illite or the like can be used as smectitic clay minerals. Mixtures of different clay minerals can also be used.
- the smectitic clay mineral can contain other accompanying minerals, such as mica, feldspar and quartz.
- a mixture of calcium and sodium bentonite is used, since the interaction of these components results in particularly advantageous properties of the sorbent.
- a mixture can be made from calcium bentonite and natural sodium bentonite; however, it is also possible to partially convert calcium bentonite into sodium bentonite by activation with alkali (e.g. sodium carbonate or other sodium salts), a very intimate mixture being obtained.
- alkali e.g. sodium carbonate or other sodium salts
- the weight ratio between calcium and sodium bentonite is preferably about 2.5: 7.5 to 7.5: 2.5. The interaction of these two components is further promoted by the processing according to the invention and the intimate connection with the cellulose-containing material.
- the weight ratios between the finely divided cellulose-containing material and the smectite clay mineral are preferably between about 1: 9 and 6.5: 3.5, in particular between about 3: 7 and 6: 4. Although depending on the particular cellulose-containing materials and clay minerals used, different weight ratios can also be advantageous, excellent lump formation is achieved in the areas mentioned.
- the cellulose-containing material used is a finely ground cellulose (native cellulose) and / or a cellulose material containing secondary fibers (eg Textilf sern), with an average fiber length of about 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably from about 0.3 to 0.8 mm. It is particularly preferred to use wood flour and / or a material containing comminuted wood pulp with an average particle size of approximately 0.1 to 2 mm, preferably approximately 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Such a material has a pleasant smell due to its resin content. Mixtures of finely divided material containing cellulose fibers and comminuted wood material can also be used.
- a small amount of at least one hydrophilic binder such as starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, in particular guar gum, is added to the mixture of the cellulose-containing material and the smectitic clay mineral.
- the amount added is preferably between about 0.5 and 10% by weight.
- the addition of the hydrophilic binder has a positive effect on the properties of the sorbents produced by the process according to the invention by further strengthening the binding of the clay mineral to the cellulose-containing material. In the presence of a binder, the proportion of cellulose-containing material in the sorbent can be increased without losing the above-mentioned advantageous properties. A lower rubble weight is therefore possible.
- the binder fulfills a double function in the sorbent, on the one hand it reduces dust formation and on the other hand it leads to an improved lump formation.
- the comminuted and dried shaped bodies have a size of approximately 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably approximately 0.5 to 4 mm, the fraction fraction being approximately 0.5 to 2 mm about 20 to 35% by weight and the fraction fraction from 2 to 4 mm is about 80 to 65% by weight.
- the size of the shredded and dried moldings is given on the one hand by the size of the openings in the perforated base plate or in the perforated outer cylinder and on the other hand by the length of the moldings distributed with the aid of the stripper. In this case it is no longer necessary to break the dried kneaded articles.
- the invention further relates to a sorbent which can be obtained by the process described above and which forms lumps when moistened with liquids, which has a residual moisture content of from about 5 to 15, preferably from about 5 to 10,% by weight and a water absorption capacity of at least about 100% by weight, preferably at least about 120% by weight (based on the agent dried to a residual moisture content of 6% by weight).
- the lump formed when moistened with liquids is compact and can be selectively removed from the sorbent completely and without breaking using a grating scoop (explained below).
- the hardness and strength of the lump increase with the length of stay and the degree of drying.
- the sorbent according to the invention does not dust and has excellent absorption properties.
- the sorbent according to the invention usually has a bulk density of about 300 to 700 g / 1, preferably of about 400 to 600 g / 1.
- the sorbent according to the invention can also be blended with sorbents known per se. Furthermore, the sorbent can contain white pigments, disinfectants, fragrances and / or animal acceptors, as well as other auxiliaries known in the prior art.
- the invention also relates to the use of the above-mentioned sorbent as packing material, absorbent for liquids such as body fluids (urine, blood, sputum), oil, liquid chemicals and as scattering material for pets, in particular as cat litter, for example in cat litter boxes.
- the properties of the sorbent according to the invention are generally determined as follows:
- the filled sieve is then suspended in a beaker filled with water in such a way that the material is completely covered with water. After a suction time of 20 minutes, the sieve is hung in an empty beaker for another 20 minutes to drain. After the dripping time has ended, the sieve and its contents are weighed again.
- the water absorption capacity (%) corresponds to the equation 100 x E / D, where E means the absorbed amount of water and D the weight of the granular material.
- a granulate sample is dried in the drying cabinet to constant weight; the content of adsorbed water is determined from the weight difference before and after drying.
- 10 to 20 g of granules are weighed out to the nearest 0.01 g in a flat dish and dried in a drying cabinet at 100 ° C. to constant weight (at least 2 hours).
- the sample is then left in the desiccator Cool down to room temperature and weigh out.
- the water content is calculated as follows:
- the water content of the cellulose-containing material or of the smectitic clay mineral (at 100 ° C.) can be determined in a corresponding manner.
- the substantially cone-shaped lump formed in the absorption test which generally has a horizontal diameter of approximately 30 to 50 mm and a vertical dimension of approximately 10 to 50 mm, is cut with a grid vane with a diamond-shaped grid (dimensions of the vane surface 80 x 120 mm, - Mesh size 11 x 11 mm, web width 0.3 mm) removed and assessed according to the following criteria: Solid lump
- the lump can be removed completely with the lattice scoop and remains stable during and after removal;
- a 500 ml measuring cylinder is first weighed empty.
- a powder funnel with an opening of approximately 15 cm and an outlet opening of approximately 3 cm is placed thereon and filled with the sorbent granules within approximately 5 seconds.
- the powder funnel is then removed from the measuring cylinder, in such a way that the granules in it form a protruding cone. This is stripped off with a wide spatula along the cutting edge of the measuring cylinder.
- the filled measuring cylinder is freed of any attached grains or dust on the outside and weighed again.
- the bulk weight is calculated as follows:
- the rollers exert a pressing pressure on the moist mixture of wood flour and bentonite mixture, as a result of which the moist mixture is pressed through the perforated base plate.
- the energy input is about 6 kWh / to.
- the shaped bodies passing through the perforated plate are cut into pieces with a length of approximately 3 mm transversely to their longitudinal axis by a cutting device (stripper) arranged below the perforated plate. Smaller fragments already appear during the cutting process.
- the granules obtained are dried at 80 ° C. for about 6 hours to a residual water content of 7.5% by weight, whereby they crumble even at low pressure.
- the granulate is sieved, the fine fraction ( ⁇ 0.5 mm) being about 30%.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the difference that the water content of the wood flour-bentonite mixture was adjusted to 40.3% by weight. The granules were dried to a residual water content of 6.5% by weight. After drying and sieving, the fine fraction ( ⁇ 0.5 mm) was less than 2% by weight. The further properties of the granules obtained are given in the table.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the difference that the water content of the wood flour-bentonite mixture was adjusted to 30.2% by weight before compacting. After drying, the residual water content was 4.5% by weight.
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 3 was repeated with the difference that 3% by weight of guar gum was added to the moist wood flour-bentonite mixture before compaction.
- the water content before compression was 30.9% by weight. After drying, the granules had a residual water content of 6.8%.
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 3 was repeated with the difference that cellulose fibers with an average fiber length of 1 mm and a water content of 35% by weight were used as the cellulose-containing material. This material was intimately mixed with the same amount of the Bentoni mixture of Example 1 (water content 12.5% by weight) in a ratio of 1: 1, water being added so that the water content of the mixture before compression was 34.0% by weight .-% scam. After drying, the granules had a residual water content of 5.8%. The other properties of the granules obtained are given in the table.
- the sorbent according to Comparative Example 2 had a low water absorption capacity due to its high water content before compression; its fines level was relatively low, but failed the absorption test. The clumps were also only moderately firm.
- the sorbents according to Examples 3 to 5 according to the invention with a water content before compression in the claimed range had a very low proportion of fines and passed both the absorption test and the lump formation test. They were also characterized by a high water absorption capacity.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 further show that the use of a die press alone is not sufficient to achieve the object of the invention, i.e. it depends on the combination of this feature with the feature of a certain water content before compacting.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/331,435 US6294118B1 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Method for producing sorbents on the basis of a cellulose-containing material and clay minerals |
DE59705225T DE59705225D1 (de) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von sorptionsmitteln auf der basis von cellulosehaltigem material und tonmineralien |
AT97953893T ATE207693T1 (de) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von sorptionsmitteln auf der basis von cellulosehaltigem material und tonmineralien |
EP97953893A EP0961542B1 (de) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von sorptionsmitteln auf der basis von cellulosehaltigem material und tonmineralien |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19653152A DE19653152A1 (de) | 1996-12-19 | 1996-12-19 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sorptionsmitteln auf der Basis von cellulosehaltigem Material und Tonmineralien |
DE19653152.7 | 1996-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998026650A1 true WO1998026650A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
Family
ID=7815445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/007208 WO1998026650A1 (de) | 1996-12-19 | 1997-12-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von sorptionsmitteln auf der basis von cellulosehaltigem material und tonmineralien |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6294118B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0961542B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE207693T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19653152A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2167028T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998026650A1 (de) |
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JP3413550B2 (ja) * | 1999-03-19 | 2003-06-03 | 株式会社ミリオン | 愛玩動物用***物処理材 |
US6572920B1 (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2003-06-03 | Cycle Group Limited Of Delaware | Method of coating granulated material |
DE10142736A1 (de) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-27 | Degussa | Adsorptionsmittel, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
US6662749B1 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2003-12-16 | Kadant Fibergen, Inc. | Clumping cellulosic animal litter |
US20050005870A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | The Clorox Company | Composite absorbent particles |
US20070289543A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-20 | The Clorox Company | Clumping Animal Litter |
US20050005869A1 (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | The Clorox Company | Composite absorbent particles |
CA2443059A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2005-03-29 | Le Groupe Lysac Inc. | Polysaccharide-clay superabsorbent nanocomposites |
US7124710B2 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2006-10-24 | Planetwise Products, Inc. | Clumping animal litter and method for making same |
US20050160997A1 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2005-07-28 | Weaver William R. | Fast absorption animal litter and method for making same |
US20050220885A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-06 | Yechiel Gilo | Manufacture of strong, lightweight carrier granules |
DE102004024676A1 (de) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-12-15 | Süd-Chemie AG | Filmförmige sorbenshaltige Zusammensetzungen |
US20060042553A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Venezio William R | Pet litter |
US20080149037A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2008-06-26 | Venezio William R | Pet litter |
US8662017B2 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2014-03-04 | William R. Venezio | Pet litter |
US20060042552A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Venezio William R | Pet litter |
US7331309B2 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2008-02-19 | Nature's Earth Products, Inc. | Clumping animal litter composition and method of producing the same |
US20060201444A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Coss Donna J | Horse arena composition and method |
JP5224400B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-01 | 2013-07-03 | 株式会社大貴 | 吸収体及び該吸収体を使用する衛生用品及びそれらの製造方法 |
US20110123474A1 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Jenkins Dennis B | Non-Visible Activated Carbon in Absorbent Materials |
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US9119374B2 (en) | 2012-02-06 | 2015-09-01 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Animal litter composition |
EP2813289B1 (de) | 2013-06-14 | 2015-08-19 | H. von Gimborn GmbH | Sorptionsmittel in granulatform enthaltend ein anorganisches material und ein organisches material |
CA2840686A1 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-04 | Normerica Inc. | Lightweight animal litter |
EP2907380A1 (de) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-19 | H. von Gimborn GmbH | Tierstreu |
AT14939U3 (de) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-01-15 | Konrad Planegger Dr | Tiereinstreu |
AT14891U3 (de) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-03-15 | Konrad Planegger Dr | Tiereinstreu |
CN104973636A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-14 | 刘雷 | 一种污水处理剂 |
CN105110385A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 刘雷 | 一种高效多用污水处理剂及利用其处理污水的方法 |
CN105036211A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 刘雷 | 一种多效复合污水处理剂 |
CN105000604A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 刘雷 | 一种基于食用菌下脚料与皂土的复合多效污水处理剂 |
CN105000605A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 刘雷 | 一种基于蘑菇废料与雪硅钙石的复合多效污水处理剂 |
CN105152290A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-16 | 刘雷 | 一种污水综合处理剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN105036212A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-11 | 刘雷 | 一种复合多效污水处理剂 |
FR3050458B1 (fr) * | 2016-04-25 | 2019-07-05 | Prevor International | Composition solide de depollution, son procede d'obtention et ses utilisations |
CZ306830B6 (cs) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-07-26 | Sedlecký kaolin a.s. | Způsob výroby bezprašného, hrudkujícího, tvarovaného nebo lehčeného silikátového steliva |
CN110603094B (zh) * | 2017-03-29 | 2022-10-28 | 拉普兰塔拉赫蒂理工大学 | 提取的木质纤维素材料作为吸附剂及其用途 |
US10212915B1 (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-26 | Wm. Dale Brown | System and method for automatically flushing pet urine from a litter box |
US11918969B2 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2024-03-05 | The Clorox Company | Low dusting, small clumping highly absorptive animal litter |
MX2022009859A (es) * | 2020-02-14 | 2022-11-07 | Pelleton Global Renewables Ltd | Material absorbente. |
DE102020115185A1 (de) | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-09 | Katz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bindemittel, insbesondere Ölbindemittel |
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-
1996
- 1996-12-19 DE DE19653152A patent/DE19653152A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 DE DE59705225T patent/DE59705225D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 US US09/331,435 patent/US6294118B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-19 EP EP97953893A patent/EP0961542B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 AT AT97953893T patent/ATE207693T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-19 ES ES97953893T patent/ES2167028T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-19 WO PCT/EP1997/007208 patent/WO1998026650A1/de active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE207693T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
DE59705225D1 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
EP0961542A1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
EP0961542B1 (de) | 2001-10-31 |
ES2167028T3 (es) | 2002-05-01 |
DE19653152A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
US6294118B1 (en) | 2001-09-25 |
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