WO1998004814A1 - Device for conducting a current of exhaust gas and/or for mounting a catalyst carrier body - Google Patents

Device for conducting a current of exhaust gas and/or for mounting a catalyst carrier body Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998004814A1
WO1998004814A1 PCT/EP1997/003524 EP9703524W WO9804814A1 WO 1998004814 A1 WO1998004814 A1 WO 1998004814A1 EP 9703524 W EP9703524 W EP 9703524W WO 9804814 A1 WO9804814 A1 WO 9804814A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gap
inner jacket
vorrichmng
cooling medium
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/003524
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Peter Hirth
Wolfgang Maus
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Priority to AU34430/97A priority Critical patent/AU3443097A/en
Publication of WO1998004814A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998004814A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2046Periodically cooling catalytic reactors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F01N3/043Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/02Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/022Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/02Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/024Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using a liquid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2025/00Measuring
    • F01P2025/08Temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2025/00Measuring
    • F01P2025/08Temperature
    • F01P2025/44Outlet manifold temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2025/00Measuring
    • F01P2025/08Temperature
    • F01P2025/46Engine parts temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/16Outlet manifold
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/164Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control by varying pump speed
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow, in particular from an internal combustion engine, and / or for accommodating a catalyst carrier body according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a catalyst carrier body to surround an insulation layer.
  • the G 87 15 289.4 discloses a support body for a catalytic reactor, an elastically deformable and heat-resistant mat which envelops the support body being clamped between the circumference of the honeycomb-shaped support body and a metal tube.
  • WO 96/12876 describes a catalyst carrier body in which external channels of the free flow cross section are closed by beads. These channels form thermal insulation from the channels of the catalyst carrier body located further inside.
  • DE 44 45 557 AI describes a double-walled housing for exhaust gas catalysts, the inner jacket being arranged in the outer one. This outer jacket is deformed in places over the entire circumference inwards towards the inner jacket. This creates spaces between the inner shell and the outer shell, which have an insulating effect.
  • a device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow which has a cooling device for a catalytically active exhaust gas arranged in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. verter contains.
  • This cooling device is formed in that a gap is formed between a catalyst carrier body and a housing surrounding the catalyst carrier body, through which a cooling air can flow.
  • a corrugated metal foil is arranged in the gap.
  • Such a cooling device is intended to ensure that the catalytically active converter is not destroyed by excessively high temperatures.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a device of the type mentioned in the introduction so that the thermal behavior of the device is improved.
  • a main area of application of a device according to the invention for directing an exhaust gas mass flow is in the area of motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine.
  • the device is part of an exhaust line of the combustion motors of the motor vehicle.
  • the exhaust line is defined in particular as lines which discharge an exhaust gas mass flow from the internal combustion engine.
  • This includes elbows along with flanges and connections, pipe sections, but also housings for catalyst carrier bodies and silencers.
  • a catalytic converter which is still a heat sink at the beginning of the cold start, but later becomes a heat source due to the exothermic reactions which it causes, can be cooled by means of the device according to the invention.
  • the invention makes it possible to arrange the internal combustion engine together with the exhaust line and catalytic converter, as well as other devices that function as a heat source, compactly and in close proximity to one another in the engine compartment. While in the prior art alone the internal combustion engine heat is dissipated via a suitable cooling circuit by means of the airstream, according to the invention, the targeted guiding of a cooling medium in the first gap also makes this possible at other thermally critical points in the exhaust line.
  • the first gap has an inlet opening and an outlet opening and is designed in such a way that a cooling medium is guided from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.
  • the first gap extends at least in a section in a ring around the circumference of the inner jacket. This allows the cooling medium to flow around the entire circumference of the inner jacket. The heat to be dissipated is then also removed in its entirety.
  • Ring-shaped means in particular a closed section with different geometries around the circumference.
  • Body geometries other than annular, for example oval or conical, are also covered in the section on the entire circumference by the outer jacket to form the first gap.
  • the gap geometry as such can also change in a further embodiment, for example by reducing or increasing the Distance of the inner jacket to the outer jacket. In this way, the cooling medium can be accelerated or slowed down at suitable points, depending on the desired design of the device.
  • the inlet opening and the outlet opening can be arranged at very specifically selected points, areas or partial sections of the gap. This is useful if known heat spots on the line of an exhaust gas mass flow are to be acted upon specifically with the cooling medium.
  • the respective end face of the first gap can also be designed as an inlet or outlet opening.
  • the cooling medium expediently flows around the inner jacket over its entire circumference at the beginning of the first gap, which leads to a uniform cooling of the inner and the outer jacket. Thermal stresses due to different dissipated heat flows over the circumference can thereby be reduced, if not largely avoided, on the inner or outer jacket.
  • the targeted routing of the cooling medium from the inlet opening to the outlet opening in the first gap enables appropriate cooling.
  • the device according to the invention enables cooling of the heat-radiating components running in this encapsulated compartment. In this way, heat build-up or damage to heat-sensitive components, for example motor controls or electronic devices or plastic parts and switches, are reduced or avoided.
  • the device according to the invention has a second gap, which preferably at least partially provides the arrangement of a second gap between the exhaust gas mass flow and the inner jacket.
  • This second The gap serves as an insulator. It prevents or reduces the heat transfer from the exhaust gas mass flow to the first gap.
  • an insulating medium is advantageously provided in the second gap. This insulating medium then has a low heat transfer coefficient.
  • several insulating media can also be arranged in the second gap, as a result of which a thermal stratification can form. Each medium can apply appropriate thermal insulation. If, for example, the second gap is filled with a gas or a vacuum is provided in it, the heat transfer coefficient in the second gap is very small. However, temperatures occur at very hot components such as, for example, the manifold or other exothermic components such as the catalytic converter, at which heat transfer via radiation cannot be neglected.
  • an insulating medium in the second gap which absorbs and / or also diffuses this radiation.
  • a similar effect can also be achieved by introducing an insulating material into the second gap. If ceramic or a ceramic-containing mat is at least partially arranged in the second gap, on the one hand the heat transfer between the exhaust gas mass flow and the outer jacket is considerably reduced, on the other hand the insulating material also has a damping effect on vibrations on the inner jacket or on it closely spaced bodies. If a catalyst carrier body is advantageously accommodated within the jacket, the insulating material is also used simultaneously as a support and damping material for the latter.
  • the supply of the cooling medium to the inlet opening or openings can be produced with a feed body which can be connected to the inlet opening.
  • the cooling medium is in turn discharged via the outlet opening or outlet openings, each advantageously with a corresponding appropriate discharge body with which these can be connected.
  • This enables the cooling medium to be circulated, so that the heat absorbed can be dissipated via suitable cooling devices.
  • a motor vehicle offers convection coolers that are exposed to the wind in the direction of travel.
  • the inlet opening itself can also be arranged in such a way that the airstream enters the first gap in accordance with the respective dynamic pressure and causes cooling by thermal convection.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that a nozzle is also assigned to the feed body.
  • the acceleration of the cooling medium thus achieved leads to a higher mass flow in the first gap, as a result of which areas which are particularly at risk from heat are cooled.
  • Such a nozzle effect can also be achieved by corresponding diameter reductions in the first gap itself.
  • the supply body for the inlet opening of the first gap in connection with a cooling system of the motor vehicle and / or the Combustion engine brought can be the usual cooling water circuit, but also the circuit of other components.
  • the supply body is also connected to an opening pointing in the main direction of travel of a motor vehicle and / or to a gas routing system, preferably an intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine. This enables further use of quasi-inherent cooling options.
  • the cooling medium itself can be gaseous or liquid and is in particular air or water. In motor vehicles, these two are always available Available, so that a constructive as well as very economical use is possible.
  • the cooling medium is forced to move. This is possible both with a closed cooling circuit of the device and with an open cooling circuit for the cooling medium. Pumps, compressors and / or fans or the like can be used as suitable means. You can force the cooling medium alone only for the device or a cooling medium corresponding to other components to be cooled.
  • a secondary air pump is now used during cold starting in order to meet the relevant exhaust gas regulations. During the rest of the operation, i.e. when the internal combustion engine has reached its operating temperature, the secondary air pump is not used.
  • One embodiment of the invention now provides for the use of the secondary air pump in a device according to the invention. This enables this pump to be used during the entire operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the secondary air pump can provide appropriate additional air for the internal combustion engine. At this time, cooling by means of the device is not yet necessary. If, on the other hand, the cold start period has been left, the positively moved air flow can be directed to the device and thus to the points to be cooled by appropriate switching means.
  • FIG. 2 shows a catalyst carrier body which is surrounded by an inner and outer jacket with a first and a second gap
  • FIG. 3 an internal combustion engine with a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a device according to the invention with a catalyst carrier body from FIGS. 3 and
  • Figure 5 shows a further cross section through another device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for directing an exhaust gas mass flow 15.
  • An inner jacket 1 is surrounded by an outer jacket 2.
  • These jackets 1, 2 form a first gap 3 through which a cooling medium 16 is guided from an inlet opening 4 to an outlet opening 5.
  • the direction of flow of the cooling medium 16 is indicated in the figure by the arrows, which are each located at the inlet or outlet opening.
  • the medium 16 absorbs a heat flow from the surface of the inner jacket 1 by convection and removes it.
  • a second gap 6 is arranged between the exhaust gas mass flow 15 and the inner jacket 1.
  • An insulating medium 14, which is arranged in the second gap 6, prevents direct contact between the exhaust gas mass flow 15 and the inner jacket 1.
  • the insulating medium 14 continues to have a small heat transfer coefficient, only relatively little heat is emitted to the outside in the direction of the outer jacket 2 from the exhaust gas mass flow 15.
  • the prevention of direct contact of the exhaust gas mass flow 15 with the inner jacket 1 has the further advantage that the insulating medium 14 offers protection in particular against the occurrence of hot gas corrosion. At temperatures of over 800 ° C in some cases, there is such a risk of hot gas corrosion occurring on metal components encountered by the exhaust gas mass flow 15. This is avoided according to the invention by means of insulating media 14.
  • the choice of material for the inner jacket 1 can then be designed more freely than other solutions without having to accept a loss in durability.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention with an inner shell 1, an outer shell 2 and a first gap 3 and a second gap 6.
  • a catalyst carrier body 7 is arranged inside the inner shell 1. This can be made of metal or ceramic. When the catalyst carrier body 7 is in operation, it becomes an exothermic heat source when the ignition temperature is reached. Therefore, the outer jacket 2 preferably at least partially surrounds the inner jacket 1 in the region of the catalyst carrier body 7. This is adapted in the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Figure 2 so that the heat flow resulting from the catalytic reaction can be sufficiently dissipated.
  • the first gap 3 has a plurality of identical or differently shaped inlet openings 4 and outlet openings 5.
  • first gap 3 serves as inlet opening 4 or outlet opening 5
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the device is indicated in the form of a channel located in the first gap 3.
  • This channel shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, connects at least one inlet opening 4 to one Outlet opening 5.
  • the channel is formed by corresponding baffles within the first gap 3. These can extend over the entire first gap or only areas thereof.
  • the channel can also open in the direction of the outlet opening 5 in such a way that a plurality of adjacent channels open into an outlet opening 5.
  • a multi-channel design is also possible and is particularly advantageous if the cooling medium 16 is to be selectively applied to various points or sections of the line.
  • the catalyst carrier body 7 is held in the inner jacket 1 by suitable devices in the second gap 6. Suitable mounting points, for example in the form of beads, are suitable for this purpose. A holder and at the same time damping can also be done by a suitable damping material, which expediently also has a heat-insulating property. This holder can be adapted to the respective construction of the catalyst carrier body 7.
  • a temperature sensor 11 is assigned to this. It is arranged so that it can detect one or more temperatures. For example, the temperature of the catalyst carrier body 7 and / or the temperature of the inner jacket 1 are detected. From these temperature values it can be derived directly how the heat flow emitted behaves. This is also possible via the temperature measurement of the outer jacket or the temperature measurement of the cooling medium. When using a plurality of temperature sensors 11, local temperature distributions can also be broken down and evaluated.
  • a temperature sensor 11 can advantageously be designed such that it can record several temperatures of different components such as the inner and the outer jacket at one position.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement with an internal combustion engine 13 and a device according to the invention connected to it.
  • This has one Cooling circuit 12 which is filled with a cooling liquid. The heat is removed from the cooling circuit 12 via a finned cooler 17.
  • a pump 10 is arranged in the cooling circuit 12 and sets the cooling liquid in the cooling circuit 12 in a forced movement.
  • a cooling circuit 18 of a device according to the invention is connected to the cooling circuit 12 of the internal combustion engine.
  • a valve 19 can be opened or closed by a control 21 via a line 20.
  • a temperature sensor 11 is also connected to the control 21, which detects the temperature of the outer jacket 2.
  • the pump 10 is also connected to the controller 21 via a line 20.
  • the controller 21 is now designed so that it can adjust the flow rate and / or the mass flow of the cooling medium, which is supplied via the inlet body 8 and is discharged via the outlet body 9, as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 11. If the outer jacket 2 reaches a limit temperature, the controller 21 can cause the cooling circuit 18 to be opened and heat to be removed. The effect of opening the cooling circuit 18 can be checked by means of the temperature sensor 11. If a sudden increase in temperature is noticed while heat removal has been sufficient in stationary operation, as occurs, for example, when a trailer is operating in the mountains, the pump and / or the valve 19 can be controlled so that more heat is dissipated.
  • the controller 21 not only receives data from the temperature sensor 11, but also from the internal combustion engine 13 Control 21 a corresponding evaluation on the effect of the temperature of the exhaust gas mass flow and thus on a possible temperature increase Hit component of the exhaust system.
  • Critical temperature increases can be avoided by ensuring adequate cooling at an early stage. This is particularly useful when there are several cooling options on an exhaust line, which can also be controlled separately. While straight sections that are arranged close to the engine give off more heat and accordingly require a higher flow rate or a larger mass flow of the cooling medium, the coolant flow can still be constant in other components.
  • the control 21 is integrated in a motor control 23. This is indicated in FIG. 3 as a broken block 23 in block 21.
  • FIG 4 shows a cross section through the device according to the invention (section IV-IV of Figure 3).
  • the outer jacket 2 surrounds the inner jacket 1 so that the first gap 3 is annular.
  • a catalyst carrier body 7 is located within the inner jacket 1.
  • An insulating gas for example air, is arranged in the second gap 6 between the inner jacket 1 and the catalyst carrier body 7.
  • a film 22 is also arranged in the second gap 6. This advantageously consists of a heat-resistant material, in particular of metal.
  • the surface of the film 22 facing the catalyst carrier body 7 is preferably configured such that incident radiation is diffusely scattered. A quasi double insulation layer is thus formed within the second gap 6.
  • the film 22 is corrugated. It is advantageous that the film 22, which touches the catalyst carrier body 7, only touches the inner jacket 1 at most with corrugation peaks or corrugation valleys. If there is a displacement of the catalyst carrier body 7 in the second gap 6, this offers the film 22 still has a sufficient insulation effect. It is preferred if the heat transfer coefficient of the second gap 6 is overall less than the heat coefficient on the wall of the inner shell 1 facing the outer shell 2 in the first gap 3. By suitable choice of the insulating medium or media and their arrangement in the second gap 6 Heat transfer mechanisms such as convection, heat conduction or heat radiation are kept as low as possible. This enables the device to be attached in the immediate vicinity of the internal combustion engine.
  • the device allows even the relatively high temperatures occurring there to be insulated to such an extent that, for example, no heat build-up occurs in an encapsulated engine compartment. It is also possible to bring components so close to a manifold or the internal combustion engine that the interior of the device, in particular a catalyst carrier body 7, then has a lower temperature than at least part of the outer jacket 2. Radiated heat cannot damage these components in this configuration.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the inner jacket 1 and the outer jacket 2 form the first gap 3 for a cooling medium.
  • the catalyst carrier body 7 is arranged inside the inner jacket 1.
  • the foils 22 are structured in such a way that they practically do not form a flat surface, but are curved, corrugated or otherwise deformed. They can also have corresponding notches, knobs and similar or other structures. These are particularly expediently arranged as points of contact between the film 22 and the inner jacket 1 or the catalyst carrier body 7.
  • foils 22 can also overlap, whereby on the one hand they can serve as vibration dampers for the catalyst carrier body 7, and on the other hand they also function as insulation layers. It is advantageous if a film 22 is corrugated in such a way that it touches the inner jacket 1 or the catalyst carrier 7 at least predominantly only with corrugation peaks or valleys. The points of contact are thus small, which means that the heat flow that can be transmitted by heat conduction can be only slight at this point. Channels can also be formed in the second gap 6 with the film 22 or another suitable structured insulating material.
  • a cooling medium passed through the first gap 3 but also through the second gap 6.
  • 6 channels are formed in the second gap, whereby only a local coolant supply is achieved.
  • the cooling medium can either be the coolant used in the first gap 3 or it can be another cooling medium. If the same cooling medium is used, it is advantageous that the inner jacket 1 has openings through which the cooling medium can be guided to the second gap 6. Outlet openings can also be provided, so that a flow movement is also at least partially realized in the second gap 6.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention concerns a device for conducting a current of exhaust gas, in particular from a combustion engine, and/or for mounting a catalyst carrier body (7). The catalyst carrier body has an inner jacket (1) and an outer one (2), with the inner jacket being surrounded, at least in part, by the outer jacket. Between the inner jacket and the outer one, a first gap (3) is designed with an inlet opening (4) and an outlet opening (5) in such a way that a coolant (16) is conducted from the inlet opening to the outlet opening. The first gap surrounds, at least in part, a second gap (6). The inner jacket is positioned, at least in part, between the first and second gaps.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes und/oder zur Aufnahme eines Katalysatorträgerkörpers Device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow and / or for receiving a catalyst carrier body
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes, insbesondere von einem Verbrennungsmotor, und/oder zur Aufnahme eines Katalysatorträgerkörpers nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow, in particular from an internal combustion engine, and / or for accommodating a catalyst carrier body according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine Bedingung für eine gute Umsetzungsrate und die Erfüllung von gesetzlichen Abgaserfordernissen eines Katalysators, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, ist das schnelle Erreichen der Zündtemperatur von etwa 300° bis 400° C. Um Wärmeverluste insbesondere während der Startphase zu minimieren, ist es bekannt, einen Katalysatorträgerkörper mit einer Isolations- schicht zu umgeben. Das G 87 15 289.4 offenbart einen Trägerkörper für einen katalytischen Reaktor, wobei zwischen dem Umfang des wabenkörper- förmigen Trägerkörpers und einem Metallrohr eine elastisch verformbare sowie hitzebeständige und den Trägerkörper umhüllende Matte eingeklemmt ist. Weiterhin beschreibt die WO 96/12876 einen Katalysatorträgerkörper, bei dem außenliegende Kanäle des freien Strömungsquerschnittes durch Sicken verschlossen sind. Diese Kanäle bilden eine Wärmeisolierung gegenüber den weiter innenliegenden Kanälen des Katalysatorträgerkörpers. Weiterhin wird in der DE 44 45 557 AI ein doppelwandiges Gehäuse für Abgaskatalysatoren beschrieben, wobei der innere Mantel in dem äußeren angeordnet ist. Dieser äußere Mantel ist an Stellen über den gesamten Umfang nach innen zum inneren Mantel hin verformt. Dadurch werden zwischen dem inneren Mantel und dem äußeren Mantel Räume geschaffen, die eine isolierende Wirkung haben.A prerequisite for a good conversion rate and the fulfillment of legal exhaust gas requirements of a catalytic converter, in particular for motor vehicles, is to quickly reach the ignition temperature of approximately 300 ° to 400 ° C. In order to minimize heat losses, in particular during the starting phase, it is known to have a catalyst carrier body to surround an insulation layer. The G 87 15 289.4 discloses a support body for a catalytic reactor, an elastically deformable and heat-resistant mat which envelops the support body being clamped between the circumference of the honeycomb-shaped support body and a metal tube. Furthermore, WO 96/12876 describes a catalyst carrier body in which external channels of the free flow cross section are closed by beads. These channels form thermal insulation from the channels of the catalyst carrier body located further inside. Furthermore, DE 44 45 557 AI describes a double-walled housing for exhaust gas catalysts, the inner jacket being arranged in the outer one. This outer jacket is deformed in places over the entire circumference inwards towards the inner jacket. This creates spaces between the inner shell and the outer shell, which have an insulating effect.
Durch die DE 39 38 785 AI ist eine Vorrichtung zur Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes bekannt, die eine Kühleinrichtung für einen im Abgassystem einer Brennkraftmaschine angeordneten katalytisch wirkenden Abgaskon- verter enthält. Diese Kühleinrichtung ist dadurch gebildet, daß zwischen einem Katalysatorträgerkörper und einem den Katalysatorträgerkörper umgebenden Gehäuse ein Spalt ausgebildet ist, der von einer Kühlluft durchströmbar ist. In dem Spalt ist eine wellenförmige Metallfolie angeordnet. Durch solch eine Kühleinrichtung soll sichergestellt werden, daß der katalytisch wirkende Konverter durch zu hohe Temperaturen nicht zerstört wird.From DE 39 38 785 AI a device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow is known, which has a cooling device for a catalytically active exhaust gas arranged in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. verter contains. This cooling device is formed in that a gap is formed between a catalyst carrier body and a housing surrounding the catalyst carrier body, through which a cooling air can flow. A corrugated metal foil is arranged in the gap. Such a cooling device is intended to ensure that the catalytically active converter is not destroyed by excessively high temperatures.
Dieses Problem ist auch Gegenstand des US-Patentes 3,967,929. Auch durch diese Druckschrift wird vorgeschlagen, daß der katalytisch wirkende Konver- ter durch eine Kühleinrichtung vor einer thermischen Zerstörung geschützt werden soll. Diese Kühleinrichtung ist durch einen Spalt gebildet, der zwischen dem Mantel eines Katalysatorträgerkörpers und einem Gehäuse ausgebildet ist. Der Spalt weist eine Einlaßöffnung auf, durch die Luft in den Spalt hineinströmt. Die Luft verläßt den Spalt durch eine Auslaßöff- nung, die in den Abgasstrang mündet. Hierdurch wird das Abgas nach dem Katalysatorträgerkörper mit Sauerstoff angereichert, so daß auch eine Nach- oxidation des Abgases erfolgen kann.This problem is also the subject of U.S. Patent 3,967,929. This publication also proposes that the catalytically active converter be protected from thermal destruction by a cooling device. This cooling device is formed by a gap which is formed between the jacket of a catalyst carrier body and a housing. The gap has an inlet opening through which air flows into the gap. The air leaves the gap through an outlet opening which opens into the exhaust line. As a result, the exhaust gas is enriched with oxygen after the catalyst carrier body, so that post-oxidation of the exhaust gas can also take place.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß das thermische Verhalten der Vorrichtung verbessert wird.The object of the invention is to develop a device of the type mentioned in the introduction so that the thermal behavior of the device is improved.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments are specified in the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung ist mit einer Mehrzahl von Vorteilen verbunden. Ein Haupteinsatzgebiet einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes ist der Bereich von Kraftfahrzeugen mit Verbrennungs- motor. Dort ist die Vorrichtung Teil eines Abgasstranges des Verbrennungs- motors des Kraftfahrzeuges. Der Abgasstrang ist dabei insbesondere als Leitungen definiert, die einen Abgasmassenstrom aus dem Verbrennungsmotor abführen. Dazu gehören Krümmer nebst Flanschen und Anschlüssen, Rohrabschnitte, aber auch Gehäuse für Katalysatorträgerkörper und Schalldämpfer. Insbesondere ein Katalysator, der zwar zu Beginn des Kaltstartes noch eine Wärmesenke darstellt, im späteren Verlauf jedoch aufgrund der exothermen Reaktionen, die er hervorruft, zur Wärmequelle wird, kann mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gekühlt werden. Dieser an sich widersprüchliche Gedanke, einem Katalysator, dem üblicherweise Wärme zuzuführen ist, nun Wärme abzuführen, eröffnet neue Motorkonzepte. Die Erfindung ermöglicht, den Verbrennungsmotor samt Abgas-strang und Katalysator sowie andere Einrichtungen, die als Wärmequelle fungieren, trotzdem kompakt und in unmittelbarer Nähe zueinander im Motorraum anzuordnen. Während im Stand der Technik allein die Verbrennungsmotorwärme über einen geeigneten Kühlkreislauf mittels des Fahrtwindes abgeführt wird, wird erfindungsgemäß durch die gezielte Führung eines Kühlmediums in dem ersten Spalt dieses auch an anderen thermisch kritischen Stellen des Abgasstranges ermöglicht. Der erste Spalt weist eine Einl-ißöfr ung und eine Auslaßöffnung auf und ist in der Weise ausgestaltet, daß ein Kühlmedium von der Einlaßöffnung zu der Auslaßöffnung geführt wird. Dabei erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, daß der erste Spalt zumindest in einem Abschnitt ringförmig um den Umfang des inneren Mantels verläuft. So kann das Kühlmedium den inneren Mantel über den ganzen Umfang umströmen. Die abzuführende Wärme wird dann auch im gesamten Umfang abtransportiert. Unter ringförmig ist insbesondere ein geschlossener Abschnitt mit unterschiedlichen Geometrien um den Umfang zu verstehen. Andere Körpergeometrien als ringförmig, z.B. oval oder konisch, werden ebenfalls in dem Abschnitt über den Gesamtumfang durch den äußeren Mantel zur Ausbildung des ersten Spaltes abgedeckt. Die Spaltgeometrie als solches kann sich in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung auch verändern, so beispielsweise durch Verringerung oder Vergrößerung des Abstandes des inneren Mantels zum äußeren Mantel. Das Kühlmedium kann auf diese Weise an geeigneten Stellen beschleunigt oder verlangsamt werden, je nach gewünschter Auslegung der Vorrichtung. Die Einlaßöffnung sowie die Auslaßöffnung können an ganz gezielt gewählten Punkten, Bereichen oder Teilabschnitten des Spaltes angeordnet sein. Dieses bietet sich dann an, wenn bekannte Wärmenester an der Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes gezielt mit dem Kühlmedium beaufschlagt werden sollen. Dazu ist es aber ebenfalls möglich, das mehrere Einlaß- oder auch AuslaßöfFnungen am ersten Spalt vorhanden sind. Auch kann die jeweilige Stirnseite des ersten Spaltes als Einlaß- oder Auslaßöffnung ausgebildet sein. Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung umströmt das Kühlmedium zweckmäßigerweise schon zu Beginn des ersten Spaltes den inneren Mantel über seinen gesamten Umfang, was zu einer vergleichmäßigten Abkühlung des inneren sowie des äußeren Mantels führt. Wärmespannungen aufgrund unterschiedlicher abgeführter Wärmeströme über dem Umfang können dadurch am inneren bzw. äußeren Mantel verringert, wenn nicht gar weitestgehend vermieden werden.The invention has a number of advantages. A main area of application of a device according to the invention for directing an exhaust gas mass flow is in the area of motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine. There the device is part of an exhaust line of the combustion motors of the motor vehicle. The exhaust line is defined in particular as lines which discharge an exhaust gas mass flow from the internal combustion engine. This includes elbows along with flanges and connections, pipe sections, but also housings for catalyst carrier bodies and silencers. In particular, a catalytic converter, which is still a heat sink at the beginning of the cold start, but later becomes a heat source due to the exothermic reactions which it causes, can be cooled by means of the device according to the invention. This contradictory idea of now removing heat from a catalytic converter, which usually has to be supplied with heat, opens up new engine concepts. The invention makes it possible to arrange the internal combustion engine together with the exhaust line and catalytic converter, as well as other devices that function as a heat source, compactly and in close proximity to one another in the engine compartment. While in the prior art alone the internal combustion engine heat is dissipated via a suitable cooling circuit by means of the airstream, according to the invention, the targeted guiding of a cooling medium in the first gap also makes this possible at other thermally critical points in the exhaust line. The first gap has an inlet opening and an outlet opening and is designed in such a way that a cooling medium is guided from the inlet opening to the outlet opening. It proves to be advantageous that the first gap extends at least in a section in a ring around the circumference of the inner jacket. This allows the cooling medium to flow around the entire circumference of the inner jacket. The heat to be dissipated is then also removed in its entirety. Ring-shaped means in particular a closed section with different geometries around the circumference. Body geometries other than annular, for example oval or conical, are also covered in the section on the entire circumference by the outer jacket to form the first gap. The gap geometry as such can also change in a further embodiment, for example by reducing or increasing the Distance of the inner jacket to the outer jacket. In this way, the cooling medium can be accelerated or slowed down at suitable points, depending on the desired design of the device. The inlet opening and the outlet opening can be arranged at very specifically selected points, areas or partial sections of the gap. This is useful if known heat spots on the line of an exhaust gas mass flow are to be acted upon specifically with the cooling medium. For this purpose, however, it is also possible for there to be several inlet or outlet openings in the first gap. The respective end face of the first gap can also be designed as an inlet or outlet opening. In such a configuration, the cooling medium expediently flows around the inner jacket over its entire circumference at the beginning of the first gap, which leads to a uniform cooling of the inner and the outer jacket. Thermal stresses due to different dissipated heat flows over the circumference can thereby be reduced, if not largely avoided, on the inner or outer jacket.
Die gezielte Führung des Kühlmediums von der Einlaßöffnung zu der Auslaßöffnung im ersten Spalt ermöglicht eine zweckmäßige Abkühlung.The targeted routing of the cooling medium from the inlet opening to the outlet opening in the first gap enables appropriate cooling.
Im Rahmen von gekapselten Motorraumkonzepten ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eine Kühlung der in diesem gekapselten Raum verlaufenden wärmeabstrahlenden Bauteile. Damit werden Hitzestaus oder Schädigungen von hitzeempfindlichen Bauteilen, beispielsweise Motorsteuerun- gen oder elektronischen Einrichtungen oder Kunststoffteilen sowie Schaltern reduziert oder vermieden.In the context of encapsulated engine compartment concepts, the device according to the invention enables cooling of the heat-radiating components running in this encapsulated compartment. In this way, heat build-up or damage to heat-sensitive components, for example motor controls or electronic devices or plastic parts and switches, are reduced or avoided.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist einen zweiten Spalt auf, der vorzugsweise zumindest teilweise zwischen dem Abgasmassenstrom und dem inneren Mantel die Anordnung eines zweiten Spaltes vor. Dieser zweite Spalt dient zum einen als Isolator. Er verhindert bzw. vermindert den Wärmedurchgang vom Abgasmassenstrom zum ersten Spalt. Dazu ist vorteilhafterweise in dem zweiten Spalt ein isolierendes Medium vorgesehen. Dieses isolierende Medium weist dann eine geringen Wärmedurchgangs- koeffizienten auf. Es können jedoch auch mehrere isolierende Medien im zweiten Spalt angeordnet sein, wodurch sich eine Wärmeschichtung ausbilden kann. Dabei kann jedes Medium für sich eine entsprechende Wärmeisolierung aufbringen. Wird der zweite Spalt beispielsweise mit einem Gas gefüllt oder in ihm ein Vakuum vorgesehen, so ist der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient im zweiten Spalt sehr klein. Jedoch treten bei sehr heißen Bauteilen wie beispielsweise dem Krümmer oder anderen exotherm arbeitenden Bauteilen wie dem Katalysator Temperaturen auf, bei denen eine Wärmeübertragung über Strahlung nicht zu vernachlässigen ist.The device according to the invention has a second gap, which preferably at least partially provides the arrangement of a second gap between the exhaust gas mass flow and the inner jacket. This second The gap serves as an insulator. It prevents or reduces the heat transfer from the exhaust gas mass flow to the first gap. For this purpose, an insulating medium is advantageously provided in the second gap. This insulating medium then has a low heat transfer coefficient. However, several insulating media can also be arranged in the second gap, as a result of which a thermal stratification can form. Each medium can apply appropriate thermal insulation. If, for example, the second gap is filled with a gas or a vacuum is provided in it, the heat transfer coefficient in the second gap is very small. However, temperatures occur at very hot components such as, for example, the manifold or other exothermic components such as the catalytic converter, at which heat transfer via radiation cannot be neglected.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorteilhaft, im zweiten Spalt ein isolierendes Medium vorzusehen, welches diese Strahlung absorbiert und/oder auch diffus verteilt. Ein ähnlicher Effekt läßt sich auch durch Einbringung eines Isoliermaterials in den zweiten Spalt erzielen. Wird Keramik oder eine keramikhal- tige Matte zumindest teilweise in dem zweiten Spalt angeordnet, wird zum einen der Wärmeübergang zwischen dem Abgasmassenstrom und dem äußeren Mantel erheblich verringert, zum anderen hat das Isoliermaterial auch eine dämpfende Wirkung bei Schwingungen auf den inneren Mantel oder auch auf dazu nah angeordnete Körper. Wird ein Katalysatorträgerkörper vorteilhafterweise innerhalb des Mantels aufgenommen, wird das Isoliermate- rial gleichzeitig auch als Stütz- und Dämpfungsmaterial für diesen genutzt.In this context, it is advantageous to provide an insulating medium in the second gap which absorbs and / or also diffuses this radiation. A similar effect can also be achieved by introducing an insulating material into the second gap. If ceramic or a ceramic-containing mat is at least partially arranged in the second gap, on the one hand the heat transfer between the exhaust gas mass flow and the outer jacket is considerably reduced, on the other hand the insulating material also has a damping effect on vibrations on the inner jacket or on it closely spaced bodies. If a catalyst carrier body is advantageously accommodated within the jacket, the insulating material is also used simultaneously as a support and damping material for the latter.
Die Zuführung des Kühlmediums zu der oder den Einlaßöffnungen kann mit einem Zuleitungskörper, der mit der Einlaßöffnung verbindbar ist, hergestellt werden. Die Abführung des Kühlmediums wiederum erfolgt über die Auslaß- Öffnung bzw. Auslaßöffnungen mit vorteilhafterweise jeweils einem entspre- chenden Ableitungskörper, mit dem diese verbunden werden können. Dadurch wird ermöglicht, das Kühlmedium auch in einem Kreislauf zu führen, so daß die aufgenommene Wärme über geeignete Kühleinrichtungen abgegeben werden kann. Dazu bieten sich bei einem Kraftfahrzeug Konvektionsküh- 1er an, die in Fahrtrichtung dem Fahrtwind ausgesetzt sind. Die Einlaßöffnung selbst kann jedoch auch so angeordnet sein, daß Fahrtwind entsprechend dem jeweiligen Staudruck in den ersten Spalt gelangt und über Wärmekonvektion eine Abkühlung hervorruft.The supply of the cooling medium to the inlet opening or openings can be produced with a feed body which can be connected to the inlet opening. The cooling medium is in turn discharged via the outlet opening or outlet openings, each advantageously with a corresponding appropriate discharge body with which these can be connected. This enables the cooling medium to be circulated, so that the heat absorbed can be dissipated via suitable cooling devices. For this purpose, a motor vehicle offers convection coolers that are exposed to the wind in the direction of travel. However, the inlet opening itself can also be arranged in such a way that the airstream enters the first gap in accordance with the respective dynamic pressure and causes cooling by thermal convection.
Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß dem Zuleitungskörper auch eine Düse zugeordnet ist. Die damit erzielte Beschleunigung des Kühlmediums führt zu einem höheren Massenstrom im ersten Spalt, wodurch insbesondere stark hitzegefährdete Bereiche abgekühlt werden. Ein derartiger Düseneffekt ist durch entsprechende Durchmesserverringerungen im ersten Spalt selbst ebenfalls erzielbar.An embodiment of the invention provides that a nozzle is also assigned to the feed body. The acceleration of the cooling medium thus achieved leads to a higher mass flow in the first gap, as a result of which areas which are particularly at risk from heat are cooled. Such a nozzle effect can also be achieved by corresponding diameter reductions in the first gap itself.
Da ein Kraftfahrzeug bzw. ein Verbrennungsmotor selbst über geeignete Kühlvorrichtungen verfügen muß, um die entstehende Motorwärme abführen zu können, wird in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung der Zulei- tungskörper für die Einlaßöffnung des ersten Spaltes in Verbindung mit einem Kühlsystem des Kraftfahrzeuges und/oder des Verbrennungsmotors gebracht. Dieses kann der übliche Kühlwasserkreislauf, aber ebenso der Kreislauf anderer Bauteile sein. Ebenso steht der Zuleitungskörper auch in Verbindung mit einer in Hauptfahrrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeuges weisenden Öffnung und/oder mit einem Gasführungssystem, vorzugsweise einem Saugrohrsystem des Verbrennungsmotors. Dieses ermöglicht eine weitere Ausnutzung von quasi immanent vorhandenen Abkühlungsmöglichkeiten. Das Kühlmedium selbst kann gasförmi oder flüssig sein und ist insbesondere Luft oder Wasser. Bei Kraftfahrzeugen stehen diese beiden permanent zur Verfügung, so daß so auch eine konstruktiv wie preislich sehr günstige Nutzung möglich ist.Since a motor vehicle or an internal combustion engine itself must have suitable cooling devices in order to be able to dissipate the resulting engine heat, in a further embodiment of the invention the supply body for the inlet opening of the first gap in connection with a cooling system of the motor vehicle and / or the Combustion engine brought. This can be the usual cooling water circuit, but also the circuit of other components. The supply body is also connected to an opening pointing in the main direction of travel of a motor vehicle and / or to a gas routing system, preferably an intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine. This enables further use of quasi-inherent cooling options. The cooling medium itself can be gaseous or liquid and is in particular air or water. In motor vehicles, these two are always available Available, so that a constructive as well as very economical use is possible.
Das Kühlmedium wird in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in eine Zwangsbewegung versetzt. Dieses ist sowohl bei einem geschlossenen Kühlkreislauf der Vorrichtung wie auch bei einem offenen Kühlkreislauf für das Kühlmedium möglich. Als geeignete Mittel sind Pumpen, Verdichter und/oder Ventilatoren oder ähnliches einsetzbar. Sie können allein das Kühlmedium nur für die Vorrichtung oder auch ein für andere zu kühlende Bauteile entsprechendes Kühlmedium zwangsbewegen. Bei einigen Kraftfahrzeugen wird mittlerweile eine Sekundärluftpumpe während des Kaltstartens eingesetzt, um die entsprechenden Abgasvorschriften zu erfüllen. Während des übrigen Betriebes, d.h. wenn der Verbrennungsmotor seine Betriebstemperatur erreicht hat, wird die sekundäre Luftpumpe nicht genutzt. Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht nun den Einsatz der Sekundärluftpumpe in einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vor. Dieses ermöglicht eine Nutzung dieser Pumpe während des gesamten Betriebes des Verbrennungsmotors. Gerade in der Kaltstartperiode kann die Sekundärluftpumpe entsprechende Zusatzluft für den Verbrennungsmotor zur Verfügung stellen. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist eine Kühlung mittels der Vorrichtung noch nicht notwendig. Ist dagegen die Kaltstartperiode verlassen worden, dann kann durch entsprechende Schaltmittel der zwangsbewegte Luftstrom zur Vorrichtung und damit zu den zu kühlenden Stellen geleitet werden.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the cooling medium is forced to move. This is possible both with a closed cooling circuit of the device and with an open cooling circuit for the cooling medium. Pumps, compressors and / or fans or the like can be used as suitable means. You can force the cooling medium alone only for the device or a cooling medium corresponding to other components to be cooled. In some motor vehicles, a secondary air pump is now used during cold starting in order to meet the relevant exhaust gas regulations. During the rest of the operation, i.e. when the internal combustion engine has reached its operating temperature, the secondary air pump is not used. One embodiment of the invention now provides for the use of the secondary air pump in a device according to the invention. This enables this pump to be used during the entire operation of the internal combustion engine. Especially in the cold start period, the secondary air pump can provide appropriate additional air for the internal combustion engine. At this time, cooling by means of the device is not yet necessary. If, on the other hand, the cold start period has been left, the positively moved air flow can be directed to the device and thus to the points to be cooled by appropriate switching means.
Weitere Vorteile und Eigenschaften von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden anhand der folgenden Zeichnung erläutert. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich durch geeignete Kombinationen der dort offenbarten Merkmale. Es zeigen: Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem inneren und einem äußeren Mantel,Further advantages and properties of preferred exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention are explained with the aid of the following drawing. Advantageous configurations result from suitable combinations of the features disclosed there. Show it: 1 shows a device according to the invention with an inner and an outer jacket,
Figur 2 einen Katalysatorträgerkörper, der durch einen inneren und äußeren Mantel mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Spalt umgeben ist,FIG. 2 shows a catalyst carrier body which is surrounded by an inner and outer jacket with a first and a second gap,
Figur 3 einen Verbrennungsmotor mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,FIG. 3 an internal combustion engine with a device according to the invention,
Figur 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem Katalysatorträgerkörper aus Figur 3 undFIG. 4 shows a cross section through a device according to the invention with a catalyst carrier body from FIGS. 3 and
Figur 5 einen weiteren Querschnitt durch eine andere erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.Figure 5 shows a further cross section through another device according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes 15. Ein innerer Mantel 1 ist von einem äußeren Mantel 2 umgeben. Diese Mäntel 1, 2 bilden einen ersten Spalt 3 aus, durch den ein Kühlmedium 16 von einer Einlaßöffnung 4 zu einer Auslaßöffnung 5 geführt wird. Die Strömungsrichtung des Kühlmediums 16 ist in der Figur durch die Pfeile, die sich jeweils an der Einlaß- bzw. Auslaßöffnung befinden, angedeutet. Das Medium 16 nimmt durch Konvektion einen Wärme - ström von der Fläche des inneren Mantels 1 auf und führt ihn ab. Weiterhin ist zwischen dem Abgasmassenstrom 15 und dem inneren Mantel 1 ein zweiter Spalt 6 angeordnet. Ein isolierendes Medium 14, welches in dem zweiten Spalt 6 angeordnet ist, unterbindet einen direkten Kontakt zwischen dem Abgasmassenstrom 15 und dem inneren Mantel 1. Da das isolierende Medium 14 weiterhin einen kleinen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten aufweist, wird auch nur relativ wenig Wärme nach außen in Richtung des äußeren Mantels 2 vom Abgasmassenstrom 15 aus abgegeben. Die Verhinderung eines direkten Kontaktes des Abgasmassenstromes 15 mit dem inneren Mantel 1 hat den weiteren Vorteil, daß das isolierende Mediums 14 einen Schutz insbesondere gegen das Auftreten von Heißgaskorrosion bietet. Bei Temperaturen von teilweise über 800° C besteht eine derartige Gefahr für das Auftreten von Heißgaskorrosion an metallenen Bauteilen, auf die der Abgasmassenstrom 15 trifft. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß mittels isolierender Medien 14 vermieden. Die Materialwahl für den inneren Mantel 1 ist dann gegenüber anderen Lösungen freier gestaltbar, ohne einen Verlust an Haltbarkeit hinnehmen zu müssen.FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention for directing an exhaust gas mass flow 15. An inner jacket 1 is surrounded by an outer jacket 2. These jackets 1, 2 form a first gap 3 through which a cooling medium 16 is guided from an inlet opening 4 to an outlet opening 5. The direction of flow of the cooling medium 16 is indicated in the figure by the arrows, which are each located at the inlet or outlet opening. The medium 16 absorbs a heat flow from the surface of the inner jacket 1 by convection and removes it. Furthermore, a second gap 6 is arranged between the exhaust gas mass flow 15 and the inner jacket 1. An insulating medium 14, which is arranged in the second gap 6, prevents direct contact between the exhaust gas mass flow 15 and the inner jacket 1. Since the insulating medium 14 continues to have a small heat transfer coefficient, only relatively little heat is emitted to the outside in the direction of the outer jacket 2 from the exhaust gas mass flow 15. The prevention of direct contact of the exhaust gas mass flow 15 with the inner jacket 1 has the further advantage that the insulating medium 14 offers protection in particular against the occurrence of hot gas corrosion. At temperatures of over 800 ° C in some cases, there is such a risk of hot gas corrosion occurring on metal components encountered by the exhaust gas mass flow 15. This is avoided according to the invention by means of insulating media 14. The choice of material for the inner jacket 1 can then be designed more freely than other solutions without having to accept a loss in durability.
Figur 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem inneren Mantel 1, einem äußeren Mantel 2 sowie einem ersten Spalt 3 und einem zweiten Spalt 6. Innerhalb des inneren Mantels 1 ist ein Katalystorträgerkörper 7 angeordnet. Dieser kann aus Metall oder auch Keramik gefertigt sein. Bei Betrieb des Katalysatorträgerkörpers 7 wird dieser bei Erreichen der Zündtemperatur zu einer exothermen Wärmequelle. Daher umgibt der äußere Mantel 2 den inneren Mantel 1 vorzugsweise im Bereich des Katalysator- trägerkörpers 7 zumindest teilweise. Dieses ist in der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausbildungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung so angepaßt, daß der durch die kataly tische Reaktion entstehende Wärmestrom ausreichend abgeführt werden kann. Dazu weist der erste Spalt 3 eine Mehrzahl gleich oder unterschiedlich ausgeformter Einlaßöffnungen 4 und Auslaßöffnungen 5 auf. Sie können einzeln, aber auch kombiniert, ebenfalls an unterschiedlichen Positionen eines Abgasstranges eingebracht sein. Während die Stirnfläche des ersten Spaltes 3 als Einlaßöffnung 4 bzw. Auslaßöffnung 5 dient, ist eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung in der Form eines sich im ersten Spalt 3 befindenden Kanales angedeutet. Dieser Kanal, gestrichelt in Figur 2 dargestellt, verbindet zumindest eine Einlaßöffnung 4 mit einer Auslaßöffnung 5. Der Kanal ist durch entsprechende Leitflächen innerhalb des ersten Spaltes 3 ausgebildet. Diese können sich über den gesamten ersten Spalt oder auch nur Bereiche davon ziehen. Der Kanal kann sich in Richtung der Auslaßöffnung 5 auch so öffnen, daß mehrere nebeneinanderlie- gende Kanäle in eine Auslaßöffnung 5 münden. Auch eine mehr kanalige Ausführung ist möglich und insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn verschiedene Punkte oder Abschnitte der Leitung gezielt mit dem Kühlmedium 16 beaufschlagt werden sollen. Die Halterung des Katalysatorträgerkörpers 7 im inneren Mantel 1 erfolgt durch geeignete Einrichtungen im zweiten Spalt 6. Dazu bieten sich geeignete Halterungspunkte, beispielsweise in Form von Sicken an. Eine Halterung und gleichzeitig Dämpfung kann aber auch durch ein geeignetes Dämpfungsmaterial erfolgen, welches zweckmäßigerweise auch eine wärmeisolierende Eigenschaft hat. Diese Halterung kann an die jeweilige Konstruktion des Katalysatorträgerkörpers 7 angepaßt sein.FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention with an inner shell 1, an outer shell 2 and a first gap 3 and a second gap 6. A catalyst carrier body 7 is arranged inside the inner shell 1. This can be made of metal or ceramic. When the catalyst carrier body 7 is in operation, it becomes an exothermic heat source when the ignition temperature is reached. Therefore, the outer jacket 2 preferably at least partially surrounds the inner jacket 1 in the region of the catalyst carrier body 7. This is adapted in the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Figure 2 so that the heat flow resulting from the catalytic reaction can be sufficiently dissipated. For this purpose, the first gap 3 has a plurality of identical or differently shaped inlet openings 4 and outlet openings 5. They can also be introduced individually, but also in combination, at different positions of an exhaust line. While the end face of the first gap 3 serves as inlet opening 4 or outlet opening 5, a further advantageous embodiment of the device is indicated in the form of a channel located in the first gap 3. This channel, shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, connects at least one inlet opening 4 to one Outlet opening 5. The channel is formed by corresponding baffles within the first gap 3. These can extend over the entire first gap or only areas thereof. The channel can also open in the direction of the outlet opening 5 in such a way that a plurality of adjacent channels open into an outlet opening 5. A multi-channel design is also possible and is particularly advantageous if the cooling medium 16 is to be selectively applied to various points or sections of the line. The catalyst carrier body 7 is held in the inner jacket 1 by suitable devices in the second gap 6. Suitable mounting points, for example in the form of beads, are suitable for this purpose. A holder and at the same time damping can also be done by a suitable damping material, which expediently also has a heat-insulating property. This holder can be adapted to the respective construction of the catalyst carrier body 7.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist dieser ein Temperaturfühler 11 zugeordnet. Er ist so angeordnet, daß er eine oder mehrere Temperaturen erfassen kann. Beispielsweise werden die Temperatur des Katalysatorträgerkörpers 7 und/oder die Temperatur des inneren Mantels 1 erfaßt. Aus diesen Temperaturwerten ist direkt ableitbar, wie sich der abgegebene Wärmestrom verhält. Dieses ist auch über die Temperaturmessung des äußeren Mantels oder die Temperaturerfassung des Kühlmediums möglich. Bei Verwendung von mehreren Temperaturfühlern 11 sind auch örtliche Temperaturverteilungen aufschlüssel- und auswertbar. Ein Tempera- turfühler 11 kann vorteilhafterweise so ausgebildet sein, daß er an einer Position mehrere Temperaturen von verschiedenen Bauteilen wie dem inneren und dem äußeren Mantel aufnehmen kann.In a further embodiment of the device, a temperature sensor 11 is assigned to this. It is arranged so that it can detect one or more temperatures. For example, the temperature of the catalyst carrier body 7 and / or the temperature of the inner jacket 1 are detected. From these temperature values it can be derived directly how the heat flow emitted behaves. This is also possible via the temperature measurement of the outer jacket or the temperature measurement of the cooling medium. When using a plurality of temperature sensors 11, local temperature distributions can also be broken down and evaluated. A temperature sensor 11 can advantageously be designed such that it can record several temperatures of different components such as the inner and the outer jacket at one position.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Anordnung mit einem Verbrennungsmotor 13 und einer daran angeschlossenen erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Dieser hat einen Kühlkreislauf 12, der mit einer Kühlflüssigkeit gefüllt ist. Die Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Kühlkreislauf 12 erfolgt über einen Rippenkühler 17. Im Kühlkreislauf 12 ist eine Pumpe 10 angeordnet, die die Kühlflüssigkeit im Kühlkreislauf 12 in eine Zwangsbewegung versetzt. An den Kühlkreislauf 12 des Verbrennungsmotors ist ein Kühlkreislauf 18 einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung angeschlossen. Ein Ventil 19 kann über eine Leitung 20 durch eine Steuerung 21 geöffnet oder verschlossen werden. Mit der Steuerung 21 ist ebenfalls ein Temperaturfühler 11 verbunden, der die Temperatur des äußeren Mantels 2 erfaßt. Weiterhin ist die Pumpe 10 ebenfalls mit der Steuerung 21 über eine Leitung 20 verbunden. Die Steuerung 21 ist nun so ausgelegt, daß sie in Abhängigkeit von der vom Temperaturfühler 11 gemessenen Temperatur die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder den Massenstrom des Kühlmediums einstellen kann, das über den Zuleitungskörper 8 zugeführt wird und über den Ableitungskörper 9 abgeführt wird. Erreicht der äußere Mantel 2 eine Grenztemperatur, so kann die Steuerung 21 veranlassen, daß der Kühlkreislauf 18 geöffnet und Wärme abgeführt wird. Mittels des Temperaturfühlers 11 kann die Auswirkung des Öffnens des Kühlkreislaufes 18 überprüft werden. Wird bei bisher im stationären Betrieb ausreichender Wärmeabfuhr eine plötzliche Temperaturerhöhung bemerkt, wie es beispiels- weise beim Zugbetrieb eines Anhängers in den Bergen auftritt, kann die Pumpe und/oder das Ventil 19 so gesteuert werden, daß mehr Wärme abgeführt wird.FIG. 3 shows an arrangement with an internal combustion engine 13 and a device according to the invention connected to it. This has one Cooling circuit 12 which is filled with a cooling liquid. The heat is removed from the cooling circuit 12 via a finned cooler 17. A pump 10 is arranged in the cooling circuit 12 and sets the cooling liquid in the cooling circuit 12 in a forced movement. A cooling circuit 18 of a device according to the invention is connected to the cooling circuit 12 of the internal combustion engine. A valve 19 can be opened or closed by a control 21 via a line 20. A temperature sensor 11 is also connected to the control 21, which detects the temperature of the outer jacket 2. Furthermore, the pump 10 is also connected to the controller 21 via a line 20. The controller 21 is now designed so that it can adjust the flow rate and / or the mass flow of the cooling medium, which is supplied via the inlet body 8 and is discharged via the outlet body 9, as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 11. If the outer jacket 2 reaches a limit temperature, the controller 21 can cause the cooling circuit 18 to be opened and heat to be removed. The effect of opening the cooling circuit 18 can be checked by means of the temperature sensor 11. If a sudden increase in temperature is noticed while heat removal has been sufficient in stationary operation, as occurs, for example, when a trailer is operating in the mountains, the pump and / or the valve 19 can be controlled so that more heat is dissipated.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erhält die Steuerung 21 aber nicht nur Daten vom Temperaturfühler 11 , sondern ebenfalls vom Verbrennungsmotor 13. Ändert sich beispielsweise der eingespritzte Brennstoffanteil zum Luftanteil in der Ansaugung, d.h. daß kurzfristig mehr Leistung dem Motor abverlangt wird, so kann die Steuerung 21 eine entsprechende Auswertung auf die Auswirkung der Temperatur des Abgasmassenstromes und damit auf eine mögliche Temperaturerhöhung eines Bauteiles des Abgasstranges treffen. Kritische Temperaturerhöhungen sind dadurch vermeidbar, indem frühzeitig für eine ausreichende Kühlung gesorgt wird. Dieses ist insbesondere bei mehreren Kühlmöglichkeiten an einem Abgasstrang sinnvoll, die auch getrennt voneinander ansteuerbar sind. Wäh- rend so gerade Abschnitte, die motornah angeordnet sind, mehr Wärme abgeben und dementsprechend einer höheren Strömungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. eines größeren Massenstromes des Kühlmediums bedürfen, kann bei anderen Bauteilen der Kühlflüssigkeitsstrom trotzdem gleichbleibend sein. Um das Zusammenwirken von Motorsteuerung und Kühlung aufeinanderabzustirnmen, wird die Steuerung 21 in eine Motorsteuerung 23 integriert. Diese ist in Figur 3 als gestrichelter Block 23 in Block 21 angedeutet.In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the controller 21 not only receives data from the temperature sensor 11, but also from the internal combustion engine 13 Control 21 a corresponding evaluation on the effect of the temperature of the exhaust gas mass flow and thus on a possible temperature increase Hit component of the exhaust system. Critical temperature increases can be avoided by ensuring adequate cooling at an early stage. This is particularly useful when there are several cooling options on an exhaust line, which can also be controlled separately. While straight sections that are arranged close to the engine give off more heat and accordingly require a higher flow rate or a larger mass flow of the cooling medium, the coolant flow can still be constant in other components. In order to counteract the interaction of the engine control and cooling, the control 21 is integrated in a motor control 23. This is indicated in FIG. 3 as a broken block 23 in block 21.
Figur 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung (Schnitt IV-IV aus Figur 3). Der äußere Mantel 2 umgibt den inneren Mantel 1 so, daß sich der erste Spalt 3 ringförmig ausbildet. Innerhalb des inneren Mantels 1 befindet sich ein Katalysatorträgerkörper 7. Im zweiten Spalt 6 zwischen dem inneren Mantel 1 und dem Katalysatorträgerkörper 7 ist ein isolierend wirkendes Gas angeordnet, beispielsweise Luft. Um die Wärmeabgabe durch Wärmestrahlung an den inneren Mantel 1 so gering wie möglich zu halten, ist weiterhin in dem zweiten Spalt 6 eine Folie 22 angeordnet. Diese besteht vorteilhafterweise aus hitzebeständigem Material, insbesondere aus Metall. Die dem Katalysatorträgerkörper 7 zugewandte Oberfläche der Folie 22 ist vorzugsweise so ausgestaltet, daß auftreffende Strahlung diffus zerstreut wird. So bildet sich innerhalb des zweiten Spaltes 6 eine quasi doppelte Isolierungsschicht aus. Um ein wärmetechnisches Überbrücken des zweiten Spaltes 6 so gering wie möglich zu halten, ist die Folie 22 gewellt. Es ist vorteilhaft, daß die Folie 22, die den Katalysatorträgerkörper 7 berührt, den inneren Mantel 1 allenfalls nur mit Wel- lungsbergen bzw. Wellungstälern berührt. Sollte sich nämlich eine Verschie- bung des Katalysatorträgerkörpers 7 im zweiten Spalt 6 ergeben, bietet so die Folie 22 auch dann noch eine ausreichende Isolierungswirkung. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des zweiten Spaltes 6 insgesamt kleiner ist als der Wärmekoeffizient an dem dem äußeren Mantel 2 zugewandten Wand des inneren Mantels 1 im ersten Spalt 3. Durch geeignete Wahl des oder der isolierenden Medien sowie deren Anordnung im zweiten Spalt 6 werden Wärmeübergangsmechanismen wie Konvektion, Wärmeleitung oder Wärmestrahlung so gering wie möglich gehalten. Dieses ermöglicht, daß die Vorrichtung auch in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nachbarschaft zum Verbrennungsmotor anbringbar ist. Dieses gilt auch insbesondere für einen Krümmer. Die Vorrichtung gestattet, selbst die dort auftretenden relativ hohen Temperaturen soweit zu isolieren, daß beispielsweise in einem gekapselten Motorraum keine Hitzestaus auftreten. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, Bauteile so nah an einen Krümmer oder den Verbrennungsmotor zu bringen, daß das Innere der Vorrichtung, insbesondere eines Katalysatorträgerkörpers 7 dann eine geringere Temperatur als zumindest ein Teil des äußeren Mantels 2 hat. Abgestrahlte Wärme kann bei dieser Konfiguration nicht zu einer Schädigung dieser Bauteile fuhren.Figure 4 shows a cross section through the device according to the invention (section IV-IV of Figure 3). The outer jacket 2 surrounds the inner jacket 1 so that the first gap 3 is annular. A catalyst carrier body 7 is located within the inner jacket 1. An insulating gas, for example air, is arranged in the second gap 6 between the inner jacket 1 and the catalyst carrier body 7. In order to keep the heat emitted by heat radiation to the inner jacket 1 as low as possible, a film 22 is also arranged in the second gap 6. This advantageously consists of a heat-resistant material, in particular of metal. The surface of the film 22 facing the catalyst carrier body 7 is preferably configured such that incident radiation is diffusely scattered. A quasi double insulation layer is thus formed within the second gap 6. In order to keep thermal bridging of the second gap 6 as small as possible, the film 22 is corrugated. It is advantageous that the film 22, which touches the catalyst carrier body 7, only touches the inner jacket 1 at most with corrugation peaks or corrugation valleys. If there is a displacement of the catalyst carrier body 7 in the second gap 6, this offers the film 22 still has a sufficient insulation effect. It is preferred if the heat transfer coefficient of the second gap 6 is overall less than the heat coefficient on the wall of the inner shell 1 facing the outer shell 2 in the first gap 3. By suitable choice of the insulating medium or media and their arrangement in the second gap 6 Heat transfer mechanisms such as convection, heat conduction or heat radiation are kept as low as possible. This enables the device to be attached in the immediate vicinity of the internal combustion engine. This also applies in particular to a manifold. The device allows even the relatively high temperatures occurring there to be insulated to such an extent that, for example, no heat build-up occurs in an encapsulated engine compartment. It is also possible to bring components so close to a manifold or the internal combustion engine that the interior of the device, in particular a catalyst carrier body 7, then has a lower temperature than at least part of the outer jacket 2. Radiated heat cannot damage these components in this configuration.
Figur 5 zeigt eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Wie schon in Figur 4 dargestellt, bilden der innere Mantel 1 und der äußere Mantel 2 den ersten Spalt 3 für ein Kühlmedium. Der Katalysatorträgerkörper 7 ist innerhalb des inneren Mantels 1 angeordnet. In dem zwischen dem Katalysatorträger 7 und dem inneren Mantel 1 angeordnete zweiten Spalt 6 befinden sich mehrere Folien 22, wobei drei dargestellt sind. Die Folien 22 sind so strukturiert, daß sie quasi keine ebene Fläche ausbilden, sondern gekrümmt, gewellt oder anders verformt sind. Auch können sie entsprechende Einkerbungen, Noppen sowie ähnliche oder andere Strukturen aufweisen. Diese sind besonders zweckmäßig als Berührungspunkte zwischen der Folie 22 und dem inneren Mantel 1 bzw. dem Katalysator- trägerkörper 7 angeordnet. Mehrere Folien 22 können sich auch überlappen, wodurch sie zum einen als Schwingungsdämpfer für den Katalysatorträgerkörper 7 dienen können, zum anderen aber auch als Isolationsschichten funktionieren. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn eine Folie 22 in der Weise gewellt ist, daß sie den inneren Mantel 1 oder den Katalysatorträger 7 zumindest überwiegend nur mit Wellungsbergen oder Wellungstälern berührt. Die Berührungspunkte sind damit klein, wodurch der durch Wärmeleitung übertragbare Wärmestrom an dieser Stelle auch nur gering sein kann. Mit der Folie 22 oder anderem geeigneten strukturierten isolierenden Material können im zweiten Spalt 6 auch Kanäle gebildet werden.Figure 5 shows a further advantageous embodiment of a device according to the invention. As already shown in FIG. 4, the inner jacket 1 and the outer jacket 2 form the first gap 3 for a cooling medium. The catalyst carrier body 7 is arranged inside the inner jacket 1. In the second gap 6 arranged between the catalyst carrier 7 and the inner jacket 1 there are several foils 22, three of which are shown. The foils 22 are structured in such a way that they practically do not form a flat surface, but are curved, corrugated or otherwise deformed. They can also have corresponding notches, knobs and similar or other structures. These are particularly expediently arranged as points of contact between the film 22 and the inner jacket 1 or the catalyst carrier body 7. Several foils 22 can also overlap, whereby on the one hand they can serve as vibration dampers for the catalyst carrier body 7, and on the other hand they also function as insulation layers. It is advantageous if a film 22 is corrugated in such a way that it touches the inner jacket 1 or the catalyst carrier 7 at least predominantly only with corrugation peaks or valleys. The points of contact are thus small, which means that the heat flow that can be transmitted by heat conduction can be only slight at this point. Channels can also be formed in the second gap 6 with the film 22 or another suitable structured insulating material.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird nicht nur ein Kühlmedium durch den ersten Spalt 3 sondern ebenfalls durch den zweiten Spalt 6 geführt. Dazu werden im zweiten Spalt 6 Kanäle ausgebildet, wodurch auch eine nur lokale Kühlmittelzuführung erzielt wird. Das Kühlmedium kann entweder das Kühlmittel sein, das im ersten Spalt 3 verwendet wird oder es kann ein anderes Kühlmedium sein. Wird dasselbe Kühlmedium verwendet, ist es vorteilhaft, daß der innere Mantel 1 Öffnungen aufweist, durch die das Kühlmedium zum zweiten Spalt 6 führbar ist. Ebenfalls können auch Auslaßöffnungen vorgesehen werden, so daß eine Strömungs- bewegung auch im zweiten Spalt 6 zumindest teilweise realisiert wird. In a further embodiment of the invention, not only is a cooling medium passed through the first gap 3 but also through the second gap 6. For this purpose, 6 channels are formed in the second gap, whereby only a local coolant supply is achieved. The cooling medium can either be the coolant used in the first gap 3 or it can be another cooling medium. If the same cooling medium is used, it is advantageous that the inner jacket 1 has openings through which the cooling medium can be guided to the second gap 6. Outlet openings can also be provided, so that a flow movement is also at least partially realized in the second gap 6.
BezugszeichenlisteReference list
1 innerer Mantel1 inner coat
2 äußerer Mantel2 outer coat
3 erster Spalt3 first gap
4 Einlaßöffnung4 inlet opening
5 Auslaßöffnung 6 zweiter Spalt5 outlet opening 6 second gap
7 Katalysatorträgerkörper7 catalyst carrier body
8 Zuleitungskörper8 lead body
9 Ableitungskörper 10 Pumpe 11 Temperaturfühler9 discharge body 10 pump 11 temperature sensor
12 Kühlkreislauf des Verbrennungsmotors12 Cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine
13 Verbrennungsmotor13 internal combustion engine
14 isolierendes Medium14 insulating medium
15 Abgasmassenstrom 16 Kühlmedium15 Exhaust gas mass flow 16 cooling medium
17 Rippenkühler17 finned cooler
18 Kühlkreislauf der Vorrichtung18 Cooling circuit of the device
19 Ventil19 valve
20 Leitung 21 Steuerung20 line 21 control
22 Folie22 slide
23 Motorsteuerung 23 Engine control

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Vorrichtung zur Leitung eines Abgasmassenstromes (15), insbesondere von einem Verbrennungsmotor (13), und/oder zur Aufnahme eines Katalysatorträgerkörpers (7), mit mindestens einem inneren Mantel (1) und einem äußeren Mantel (2), wobei der innere Mantel (1) zumindest teilweise von dem äußeren Mantel (2) umgeben ist und wobei zwischen dem inneren Mantel (1) und dem äußeren Mantel (2) ein erster Spalt1. Device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow (15), in particular from an internal combustion engine (13), and / or for receiving a catalyst carrier body (7), with at least one inner jacket (1) and one outer jacket (2), the inner jacket (1) is at least partially surrounded by the outer jacket (2) and a first gap between the inner jacket (1) and the outer jacket (2)
(3) mit einer Einlaßöffnung (4) und einer Auslaßöffnung (5) in der Weise ausgestaltet ist, daß ein Kühlmedium (16) von der Einlaßöffnung(3) with an inlet opening (4) and an outlet opening (5) in such a way that a cooling medium (16) from the inlet opening
(4) zu der Auslaßöffnung (5) geführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Spalt (3) zumindest teilweise einen zweiten Spalt (6) umgibt, wobei der innere Mantel (1) wenigstens teilweise zwischen dem ersten Spalt (3) und dem zweiten Spalt (6) angeordnet ist.(4) to the outlet opening (5), characterized in that the first gap (3) at least partially surrounds a second gap (6), the inner jacket (1) at least partially between the first gap (3) and the second gap (6) is arranged.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Spalt (3) zumindest in einem Abschnitt ringförmig um den Umfang des inneren Mantels (1) verläuft.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first gap (3) extends at least in a section annularly around the circumference of the inner jacket (1).
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßöffnung (4) mit einem Zuleitungskörper (8) verbindbar ist.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet opening (4) with a supply body (8) can be connected.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslaßöffnung (5) mit einem Ableitungskörper (9) verbindbar ist.4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the outlet opening (5) with a discharge body (9) can be connected.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Zuleitungskörper (8) mindestens eine Düse zugeordnet ist. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the feed body (8) is assigned at least one nozzle.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zuleitungskörper (8) in Verbindung mit einer in Hauptfahrrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeuges weisenden Öffnung und/oder mit einem Gasfüh- rungssystem, vorzugsweise einem Saugrohrsystem des Verbrennungs- motors (13), und/oder mit einem Kühlsystem (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (13) steht.6. The device according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the feed body (8) in connection with an opening pointing in the main direction of travel of a motor vehicle and / or with a gas guide system, preferably an intake manifold system of the internal combustion engine (13), and / or with a cooling system (12) of the internal combustion engine (13).
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlmedium (16) gasförmig oder flüssig ist, insbesondere das Kühlmedium (16) Luft oder Wasser ist.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling medium (16) is gaseous or liquid, in particular the cooling medium (16) is air or water.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein Mittel (10), welches das Kühlmedium (16) in eine Zwangsbewegung versetzt.8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a means (10) which sets the cooling medium (16) in a forced movement.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder der Massenstrom des Kühlmediums (16) einstellbar ist.9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow rate and / or the mass flow of the cooling medium (16) is adjustable.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Spalt (6) zumindest teilweise zwischen zwischen dem Katalysatorträgerkörper (7) und dem inneren Mantel (1) ausgebildet ist.10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second gap (6) is at least partially formed between the catalyst carrier body (7) and the inner jacket (1).
11. Vorrichmng nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient des zweiten Spaltes (6) kleiner ist als der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient an der dem äußeren Mantel (2) zugewandten Wand des inneren Mantels (1) im ersten Spalt (3). 11. Vorrichmng according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat transfer coefficient of the second gap (6) is smaller than the heat transfer coefficient on the outer jacket (2) facing the wall of the inner jacket (1) in the first gap (3) .
12. Vorrichmng nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem zweiten Spalt (6) ein isolierendes Medium (14) vorgesehen ist.12. Vorrichmng according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that an insulating medium (14) is provided in the second gap (6).
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das isolierendes Medium (14) ein Gas oder ein Vakuum ist.13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulating medium (14) is a gas or a vacuum.
14. Vorrichmng nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekermzeichnet, daß das isolierendes Medium (14) eine Keramik oder eine keramikhaltige Matte ist.14. Vorrichmng according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulating medium (14) is a ceramic or a ceramic-containing mat.
15. Vorrichmng nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem zweiten Spalt (6) eine Folie (22), insbesondere aus Metall angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise mit zumindest einer auf Strahlung diffus wirkenden Oberfläche.15. Vorrichmng according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that in the second gap (6) a film (22), in particular made of metal, is preferably arranged with at least one surface which acts diffusely on radiation.
16. Vorrichmng nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie (22) wenigstens teilweise strukturiert ist.16. Vorrichmng according to claim 15, characterized in that the film (22) is at least partially structured.
17. Vorrichmng nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie (22) wellenförmig strukturiert ist, wobei sie den inneren Mantel (1) oder den Katalysatorträger (7) zumindest überwiegend nur mit Wellungsbergen oder Wellungstälern berührt.17. Vorrichmng according to claim 16, characterized in that the film (22) is structured in a wave shape, wherein it touches the inner jacket (1) or the catalyst carrier (7) at least predominantly only with corrugation peaks or valleys.
18. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß der Vorrichmng zumindest ein Temperaturfühler (11) zugeordnet ist, der vorzugsweise die Temperatur des Katalysatorträgerkörpers (7) und/oder die Temperatur des inneren Mantels (1) und/oder die Temperatur des äußeren Mantels (2) und/oder die Temperatur des Kühlmediums (16) erfaßt. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is assigned at least one temperature sensor (11), which preferably the temperature of the catalyst carrier body (7) and / or the temperature of the inner jacket (1) and / or the Temperature of the outer jacket (2) and / or the temperature of the cooling medium (16) detected.
19. Vorrichmng nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Temperaturfühler (11) die Temperatur im zweiten Spalt (6) erfaßt.19. Vorrichmng according to claim 18, characterized in that the temperature sensor (11) detects the temperature in the second gap (6).
20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und/oder der Massenstrom des Kühlmediums (16) in Abhängigkeit von der vom Temperaturfühler (11) gemessenen Temperatur einstellbar ist.20. The apparatus according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the flow rate and / or the mass flow of the cooling medium (16) is adjustable depending on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (11).
21. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßöffnung (4) mit einem Kühlkreislauf (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (13) und/oder des Kraftfahrzeuges verbindbar ist.21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet opening (4) can be connected to a cooling circuit (12) of the internal combustion engine (13) and / or the motor vehicle.
22. Vorrichmng nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß für den Massenstrom und/oder die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmediums (16) und/oder das Mittel (10) und/oder den Temperaturfühler (11) eine elektronische Steuerung (21) vorgesehen und in eine elektronische Motorsteuerung integriert ist.22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electronic control (21) for the mass flow and / or the flow rate of the cooling medium (16) and / or the means (10) and / or the temperature sensor (11) provided and integrated in an electronic engine control.
23. Vorrichmng nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichmng in unmittelbarer räumlicher Nachbarschaft zum Verbrennungsmotor (13), insbesondere zu einem Abgas- krümmer am Verbrennungsmotor (13), anbringbar ist.23. Vorrichmng according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Vorrichmng in the immediate spatial vicinity of the internal combustion engine (13), in particular to an exhaust manifold on the internal combustion engine (13), can be attached.
24. Vorrichmng nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichmng Teil eines Abgasstranges eines Verbrennungsmotors (13) ist. 24. Vorrichmng according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the Vorrichmng is part of an exhaust line of an internal combustion engine (13).
PCT/EP1997/003524 1996-07-24 1997-07-03 Device for conducting a current of exhaust gas and/or for mounting a catalyst carrier body WO1998004814A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU34430/97A AU3443097A (en) 1996-07-24 1997-07-03 Device for conducting a current of exhaust gas and/or for mounting a catalyst carrier body

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE29612758.2 1996-07-24
DE29612758U DE29612758U1 (en) 1996-07-24 1996-07-24 Device for directing an exhaust gas mass flow and / or receiving a catalyst carrier body

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US8069912B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2011-12-06 Caterpillar Inc. Heat exchanger with conduit surrounded by metal foam
US8272431B2 (en) 2005-12-27 2012-09-25 Caterpillar Inc. Heat exchanger using graphite foam
DE102010036303B4 (en) * 2010-07-08 2019-06-19 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine with horizontally arranged cylinder banks and turbocharger

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DE10032023B4 (en) * 2000-07-01 2009-04-16 Volkswagen Ag Catalytic converter with a thermal insulation
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007075185A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2007-07-05 Caterpillar Inc. Engine system having carbon foam exhaust gas heat exchanger
US7287522B2 (en) 2005-12-27 2007-10-30 Caterpillar Inc. Engine system having carbon foam exhaust gas heat exchanger
US8272431B2 (en) 2005-12-27 2012-09-25 Caterpillar Inc. Heat exchanger using graphite foam
US8069912B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2011-12-06 Caterpillar Inc. Heat exchanger with conduit surrounded by metal foam
DE102010036303B4 (en) * 2010-07-08 2019-06-19 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Internal combustion engine with horizontally arranged cylinder banks and turbocharger

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AU3443097A (en) 1998-02-20
DE29612758U1 (en) 1996-10-02

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