WO1997048662B1 - Densification of a porous structure (iii) - Google Patents
Densification of a porous structure (iii)Info
- Publication number
- WO1997048662B1 WO1997048662B1 PCT/GB1997/001686 GB9701686W WO9748662B1 WO 1997048662 B1 WO1997048662 B1 WO 1997048662B1 GB 9701686 W GB9701686 W GB 9701686W WO 9748662 B1 WO9748662 B1 WO 9748662B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- porous structure
- susceptor element
- susceptor
- annular
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000001564 chemical vapour infiltration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
Abstract
A method for the densification of a porous structure comprises providing the structure with a body of material (13, 14) which includes a susceptor element (14) which is more susceptible to heating by electromagnetic radiation than the other material (13) of the body, exposing said porous structure to hydrocarbon gas and simultaneously applying an electromagnetic field to said porous structure whereby said susceptor element (14) at least in part causes heating of the porous structure to a temperature at which the gas infiltrating the porous structure deposits carbon within the porous structure.
Claims
1. Method for the densification of an annular porous structure comprising providing the structure with an annular body of a material which includes a susceptor element which is more susceptible to heating by electromagnetic radiation than the material of the body, exposing said porous structure to hydrocarbon gas and simultaneously applying an electromagnetic field to said porous structure whereby said susceptor element at least in part causes heating of the porous structure to a temperature at which the gas infiltrating the porous structure deposits carbon within the porous structure.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein use is made of a susceptor element which is of good electrical conductivity as herein defined.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein use is made of a susceptor element of a material having a resistivity less than 10 micro ohm m.
4. Method according to claim 3, wherein said resistivity is less than 5 micro ohm m.
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the resistivity of the susceptor element material is less than that of the porous structure.
6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the resistivity of the susceptor element material is less than one half that of the porous structure material.
7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said susceptor element occupies less than 5% of the volume of the porous structure.
8. Method according to claim 7, wherein said susceptor element occupies less than 1% of the volume of the porous structure.
9. Method according to claim 8, wherein said susceptor element occupies less than 0.5% of the volume of the porous structure. 16
10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein use is made of a susceptor element comprising material in the form of a layer.
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein said layer ccπprises a layer of electrically conductive foil.
12. Method according to claim 11, wherein use is made of an imperforate foil.
13. Method according to claim 10, wherein said layer ccπprises a layer of fibres.
14. Method according to claim 13, wherein said fibres are of long length.
15. Method according to claim 14, wherein said fibres are in the form of filaments arranged as one of a tow, a yarn or a cord.
16. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous structure body which includes the susceptor element ccπprises cloth layers.
17. Method according to claim 16 when dependent on any one of claims 10 to
12, wherein the ratio of the thickness of a layer of susceptor element material to the thickness of each cloth layer is not greater than 2:1.
18. Method according to claim 16 when dependent on any one of claims 10,
13, 14 or 15, wherein the ratio of the thickness of a layer of susceptor element material to the thickness of each cloth layer is not greater than 3:1.
19. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the susceptor element is in the form of an electrically conductive closed locp.
20. Method according to claim 19, wherein the susceptor element is of annular form.
21. Method according to claim 20, wherein the annular foil is arranged to lie substantially concentric with the porous structure. 17 -T
22. Method according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the susceptor element of annular shape is positioned to lie substantially centrally between radially inner and outer extremities of the porous structure.
23. Method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the susceptor element is positioned to lie substantially centrally between annular end faces of the porous structure.
24. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the susceptor element ccπprises an electrically conductive foil and at least one edge region of the foil is covered by porous structure material which is arranged to interconnect porous structure material lying to each side of the foil.
25. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein use is made of a susceptor element which ccπprises an electrically conductive foil in combination with fibres that also act as susceptor elements.
26. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, and ccπprising use of materials for the susceptor element and porous structure for which the ratio between the thermal conductivity of the susceptor element material and the porous structure material is at least 5:1.
27. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein use is made of a susceptor element of a material which remains in the c tposite porous structure following densification.
28. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein use is made of a susceptor element of a material which is removed frcm the composite porous structure following densification.
29. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of susceptor elements are incorporated in the porous structure.
30. Method according to claim 29, wherein the porous structure ccπprises a plurality of superimposed annular elements of good electrical conductivity. 18
31. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the susceptor element(s) are arranged to provide a thermal gradient when the porous structure is exposed to said electrcπiagnetic field.
32. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous preform is constructed by arranging layers of fabric to be coπpressed in a jig, or bonding layers to one another with resin, or bonding layers with carbon or other material which will resist the teπperature of deposition, or by needling together layers of fibres or fabric.
33. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the preform is a multi-directional woven structure.
34. A method for the densification of a porous structure comprising providing the structure with a body of a material which includes a susceptor eleπent which occupies less than 5% of the volume of the porous body which is more susceptible to heating by electromagnetic radiation than the material of the body, exposing said porous structure to hydrocarbon gas and simultaneously applying an electromagnetic field to said porous structure whereby said susceptor element at least in part causes heating of the porous structure to a temperature at which the gas infiltrating the porous structure deposits carbon within the porous structure.
35. Method according to claim 34 in combination with any one of claims 1 to 33.
36. Method according to claim 1 or claim 34 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
37. A densified porous structure manufactured by a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
38. A densified structure according to claim 37, wherein the structure is that of or for an ircraft carbon composite disc brake.
39. An annular porous structure for densification by chemical vapour infiltration, said porous structure ccπprising an annular body which includes a susceptor element which is more susceptible to heating by 19 T
electromagnetic radiation than the material of the body, said susceptor element being positioned and arranged whereby when exposed to an electromagnetic field at least in part it causes heating of the porous structure to a temperature at which the gas infiltrating the porous structure deposits carbon within the porous structure.
40. A porous structure according to claim 39, wherein the susceptor element occupies less than 5% of the volume of the porous structure.
41. A porous structure for densification by chemical vapour infiltration, said porous structure comprising a body which includes a susceptor element which occupies less than 5% of the volume of the porous structure which is more susceptible to heating by electromagnetic radiation than the material of the body, said susceptor element being positioned and arranged whereby when exposed to an electromagnetic field at least in part it causes heating of the porous structure to a teπperature at which the gas infiltrating the porous structure deposits carbon within the porous structure.
42. A porous structure according to claim 39 or claim 41, wherein said susceptor element occupies less than 1% of the volume of the porous structure.
43. A porous structure according to any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein the porous structure is annular and ccπprises at least one annular layer of electrically conductive foil arranged to lie substantially coaxially with the porous structure.
44. A porous structure according to any one of claims 39 to 43, wherein the ratio between the thermal conductivity of the susceptor element material and that of the porous structure is at least 5:1.
45. A porous structure according to claim 39 or claim 41 and substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/202,691 US6177146B1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (III) |
| EP97928349A EP0912460B1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (iii) |
| GB9824813A GB2329646A (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure |
| DE69725146T DE69725146T2 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | COMPACTION OF A POROUS STRUCTURE (III) |
| AU32675/97A AU3267597A (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (iii) |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9612882.2A GB9612882D0 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1996-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure |
| GB9612882.2 | 1996-06-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997048662A1 WO1997048662A1 (en) | 1997-12-24 |
| WO1997048662B1 true WO1997048662B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
Family
ID=10795574
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1997/001683 WO1997048660A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (i) |
| PCT/GB1997/001686 WO1997048662A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (iii) |
| PCT/GB1997/001685 WO1997048661A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (ii) |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1997/001683 WO1997048660A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (i) |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1997/001685 WO1997048661A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Densification of a porous structure (ii) |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6177146B1 (en) |
| EP (3) | EP0935590B1 (en) |
| AU (3) | AU3267597A (en) |
| DE (3) | DE69721774T2 (en) |
| ES (3) | ES2208913T3 (en) |
| GB (4) | GB9612882D0 (en) |
| WO (3) | WO1997048660A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9612882D0 (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1996-08-21 | Dunlop Ltd | Densification of a porous structure |
| FR2784695B1 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2001-11-02 | Snecma | DENSIFICATION OF POROUS STRUCTURES BY CHEMICAL STEAM INFILTRATION |
| GB0112893D0 (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2001-07-18 | Dunlop Aerospace Ltd | Refractory-carbon composite brake friction elements |
| US20040180598A1 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-09-16 | Alain Yang | Liquid sorbent material |
| FR2852004B1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2005-05-27 | Snecma Propulsion Solide | REALIZING A PREFORM BY STRENGTHENING A FIBROUS STRUCTURE AND / OR LINKING FIBROUS STRUCTURES BETWEEN THEM AND APPLYING THEM TO PRODUCING COMPOSITE MATERIALS |
| US20050186878A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | General Electric Company | Thermo-mechanical property enhancement plies for CVI/SiC ceramic matrix composite laminates |
| US7332195B2 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2008-02-19 | Honeywell International Inc. | Chemical vapor deposition method |
| EP1632465A1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-08 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Nanoparticle-modified carbon-ceramic brake discs |
| US8216416B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2012-07-10 | Knoll, Inc. | Chair and method for assembling the chair |
| US20110064891A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Methods of rapidly densifying complex-shaped, asymmetrical porous structures |
| CN101671190B (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2012-07-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for regulating microstructure of carbon-based composite material through rapid directional infiltration |
| JP5836050B2 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2015-12-24 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉエアロスペース | Method and apparatus for densifying porous structure |
| CN104084903A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-08 | 苏州蓝王机床工具科技有限公司 | Mechanical and electrical sharp-nose pliers |
| US10407769B2 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-09-10 | Goodrich Corporation | Method and apparatus for decreasing the radial temperature gradient in CVI/CVD furnaces |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3549847A (en) | 1967-04-18 | 1970-12-22 | Gen Electric | Graphite susceptor |
| US3991248A (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1976-11-09 | Ducommun Incorporated | Fiber reinforced composite product |
| FR2508999B1 (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1986-08-22 | Lorraine Carbone | CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIAL BRAKE DISC AND EMBODIMENTS |
| FR2516914B1 (en) | 1981-11-26 | 1986-03-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR DENSIFICATION OF A POROUS STRUCTURE |
| US4613522A (en) | 1982-09-29 | 1986-09-23 | Avco Corporation | Oxidation resistant carbon-carbon composites |
| US4580524A (en) | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for the preparation of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by chemical vapor deposition |
| FR2611198B1 (en) | 1987-02-25 | 1991-12-06 | Aerospatiale | COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH MATRIX AND CARBON REINFORCING FIBERS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
| JPH0364475A (en) | 1989-08-01 | 1991-03-19 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Method for sealing porous body |
| GB9015857D0 (en) | 1990-07-19 | 1990-09-05 | Dunlop Ltd | Carbon-carbon composite material |
| FR2670507B1 (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1993-12-31 | Propulsion Ste Europeenne | CHEMICAL STEAM INFILTRATION PROCESS. |
| AU656556B2 (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1995-02-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Radio frequency induction heatable compositions |
| CA2077130C (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 2003-04-29 | Edward Lee Morris | Carbon fiber reinforced carbon/carbon composite and method of its manufacture |
| US5389152A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1995-02-14 | Avco Corporation | Apparatus for densification of porous billets |
| US5389767A (en) | 1993-01-11 | 1995-02-14 | Dobry; Reuven | Microwave susceptor elements and materials |
| US5378879A (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1995-01-03 | Raychem Corporation | Induction heating of loaded materials |
| US5348774A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1994-09-20 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Method of rapidly densifying a porous structure |
| FR2711646B1 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1996-02-09 | Europ Propulsion | Method of chemical vapor infiltration of a pyrocarbon matrix within a porous substrate with establishment of a temperature gradient in the substrate. |
| US5412185A (en) | 1993-11-29 | 1995-05-02 | General Electric Company | Induction heating of polymer matrix composites in an autoclave |
| US5515585A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-05-14 | The Bf Goodrich Company | Process for forming needled fibrous structures using determined transport depth |
| JPH08157273A (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-06-18 | Tonen Corp | Unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite material and its production |
| GB9612882D0 (en) * | 1996-06-20 | 1996-08-21 | Dunlop Ltd | Densification of a porous structure |
-
1996
- 1996-06-20 GB GBGB9612882.2A patent/GB9612882D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-06-20 US US09/202,691 patent/US6177146B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 WO PCT/GB1997/001683 patent/WO1997048660A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-20 EP EP97928348A patent/EP0935590B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-20 ES ES97928349T patent/ES2208913T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-20 DE DE69721774T patent/DE69721774T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 GB GB9824816A patent/GB2331767B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 US US09/202,692 patent/US6346304B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 DE DE69725146T patent/DE69725146T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 DE DE69721801T patent/DE69721801T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 AU AU32675/97A patent/AU3267597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-20 AU AU32674/97A patent/AU3267497A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-20 ES ES97928348T patent/ES2195149T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-20 ES ES97928347T patent/ES2195148T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-20 GB GB9824815A patent/GB2331766B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 US US09/202,720 patent/US6180223B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-20 EP EP97928349A patent/EP0912460B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-20 WO PCT/GB1997/001686 patent/WO1997048662A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-20 GB GB9824813A patent/GB2329646A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-20 AU AU32673/97A patent/AU3267397A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-20 EP EP97928347A patent/EP0912459B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-20 WO PCT/GB1997/001685 patent/WO1997048661A1/en active IP Right Grant
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