WO1997047130A1 - Mobile virtual plateau - Google Patents

Mobile virtual plateau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997047130A1
WO1997047130A1 PCT/ES1997/000141 ES9700141W WO9747130A1 WO 1997047130 A1 WO1997047130 A1 WO 1997047130A1 ES 9700141 W ES9700141 W ES 9700141W WO 9747130 A1 WO9747130 A1 WO 9747130A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
computer
cameras
camera
virtual
background
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES1997/000141
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rafael Calvo Beca
Original Assignee
Rafael Calvo Beca
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rafael Calvo Beca filed Critical Rafael Calvo Beca
Publication of WO1997047130A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997047130A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/28—Mobile studios
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
    • H04N9/75—Chroma key

Definitions

  • a Mobile Unit is usually used that carries a realization control and transports cameras that are taken out of the vehicle to capture the images in scenarios
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) natural, whether exterior or interior (sporting events, political events, etc.).
  • Virtual techniques lend breadth, variety and richness to the sets, fully surpassing the real scenarios that could be transported in a vehicle and that would hardly cover the minimums required on television.
  • the MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH consists of the merger of a Mobile Unit equipped with realization control and cameras and a closed television studio, in which new virtual scenography techniques are applied.
  • a blue plastic laminate is applied to the walls and floor of the studio, which solves the traditional problems involved in painting, especially on the floor of the plate, achieving a permanently homogeneous blue.
  • the MOBILE VIRTUAL PLATE represents an important step forward in television production, given the new applications it gives rise to and the cost savings it represents. Here are some new production formulas.
  • the virtual stage can be as important and worthy as you want, homogeneous throughout the same soccer championship or a cycling tour, acoustically isolated from public address systems and ambient noise and without the risk of sound instrument couplings.
  • a series of programs could be produced - contest or debate - with the participation in each of people from different geographical locations.
  • the vehicle that has to be chartered as a MOBILE VIRTUAL PLATE is the gooseneck semi-trailer, since it allows an interior height greater than that provided by the remaining semi-trailers or truck platforms.
  • the trailers would also be worth the height, but they cannot be carried directly by a tractor unit.
  • the maximum gauge is always 4 meters, but the lowest part is 84 cm. ground. (See drawing 6)
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The study that gives rise to the expanded vehicle is therefore a room of a minimum of 7 meters long by 6.20 m. wide and a height in the lowest place of 2.50 m. They are the precise measures for the intended purposes and the techniques employed. The virtual decoration ends up providing the desired and necessary dimensions for each program.
  • Walls and floor throughout this area form a kind of cyclorama, without corners or shadows. They are coated with a plastic laminate that is washable and provides a homogeneous blue in all its parts.
  • the studio is soundproofed by thick polyurethane sheets, which completely isolate it from the outside.
  • the entire ceiling and walls that do not enter the recording field are acoustically conditioned by means of foam rubber sheets.
  • a closed plate of the dimensions allowed by the chosen vehicle would hardly withstand a conventional incandescent lighting. It would require a maximum power generator set - located in another truck - to supply all the electric current they consume
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the light bulbs and the precise air conditioning equipment to compensate for the heat given off by them.
  • Fluorescent lighting does not incur such inconveniences. It is undoubtedly one of the decisive factors that make this project viable. Does not require high plate height. Their screens can be suspended directly from the ceiling and be very close to the "actors" since they barely give off heat.
  • Light consumption is drastically reduced compared to traditional lighting.
  • the entire plate illuminates homogeneously at about 1,000 lux with less than one thousand watts. Fluorescent lighting is also diffuse by nature, as a virtual study requires.
  • the generator set can be compact, relatively small, and carried at one end of the same vehicle. Its main function will be to supply the air conditioning, a task facilitated in the absence of large heat sources.
  • the fluorescent lighting allows you to enjoy a pleasant room temperature.
  • the realization control is located at one end of the study. (See drawing 1.1)
  • Its central core is a computer equipped with different cards. As minimum requirements, a Pentium computer of 16 Mb of Ram and 100 MHz, with quad-speed CD-ROM.
  • the personal computer serves the background or decorated images, which is known by background.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) • Level 1. Using the SVGA card of the computer. To pass this signal to video, you must use a complementary device that is a VGA to PAL converter. To avoid that, at each change of plane, the background is constructed in sight, the previous fund is frozen and replaced once it has finished forming. Limitations: there is neither movement nor screen in the scenery.
  • Two video cards are used, a first in video server functions, which is able to dump funds with movements, at the rate of twenty-five frames per second, and another second that covers the function of overlay, embedding a screen on the background.
  • the output signal is composite video.
  • Level 3 The quality of the cards is the only difference with the previous level.
  • the output is in components or YUV.
  • the computer has two hard drives. One is dedicated exclusively to the management of the system and the other to save the different frames of each background, which is previously taken from the CD-ROM.
  • the images to embed on the screen come from any source: a player magnetoscope or a signal from a Mobile Unit. (See drawing 1.2)
  • the director manages the computer through a special camera control keyboard -interface of its own design-. (See drawing 1.2 for fit into the system).
  • FIGS 2 and 3 reproduce, respectively, the keyboard diagram and the printed circuit board.
  • the computer carries out the orders corresponding to both the positioner and the lens of the affected camera, which is thus prepared for the following plane, placing the camera in the pan (horizontal) and tilt (vertical) position and the lens in the Zoom and focus required.
  • the computer When the filmmaker subsequently clicks on that camera, the computer will know the frame it has and will provide the corresponding background.
  • the filmmaker would give the framing orders to the camera operators, also pressing the key corresponding to the order given so that the computer had knowledge of the position of the cameras at all times.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Four more keys have been arranged under the camera 4 key, which will be used to order certain movements within a certain background plane: for example, lowering or raising a screen, starting or stopping a moving element , etc.
  • a fourth camera allows you to coordinate, through special software, the zoom and pan movements of the camera (while it is punctured) with the previously recorded backgrounds corresponding to those movements. It is operated from the touch screen of a second computer, equipped with a video card, Fast DPR type, and a powerful dedicated hard disk.
  • the process is as follows: from the keyboard the filmmaker notifies the computer which camera and which plane he wishes, the computer sends the background signal that corresponds to the requested plane and asks the selector to give way to the camera's foreground signal chosen
  • the background and foreground signals reach the chromakey inlay where they are mixed.
  • the mixed signal is recorded on a magnetoscope, goes to a monitor or set of them or sent out of control for external use.
  • the foreground signal is in RGB or YUV, to ensure the quality of the mix in the embedding.
  • the embedding must correspond to the type of signals that come to it, be it composite video, Y / C, RGB or YUV.
  • the realization control (see drawing 5) is completed with a monitor for each camera, a monitor for the image to be embedded on the screen, an output monitor and a television.
  • the screen and output signals are passed to the plate, to two other monitors.
  • the system requires a synchronism generator to make all signals compatible. Its quality is controlled with an oscilloscope and waveform monitor.
  • the audio requires a whole system that runs in parallel with the video. Different microphones are available in the studio and are completed with various sound sources in the control, such as a double deck and a compact disc reader.
  • the computer provides special sonic effects sicronized with some images.
  • An audio table receives the different input signals and mixes them according to various criteria of functionality and aesthetics. A signal will go to a presenter's hearing aid, through which the filmmaker can also issue orders.
  • communications -in video and audio- may be established with other outdoor mobile units, with which it is convenient to coordinate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)

Abstract

It is comprised of a vehicle prepared for television retransmissions, wherein there is provided a closed television studio, having a plateau with chromakey background, lighting, cameras and production control means with the technology necessary to make and produce any type of virtual programs. The production control means is comprised of a keyboard/interface with the computer, wherein is selected the plane provided for each camera; a selector to which are connected the cameras and through which passes the foreground signal required by the computer; a computer which selects the foreground signal and reads in its memory the background which corresponds to said determined signal; and a mixer where the two signals are mixed.

Description

PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
a) Título de la invencióna) Title of the invention
PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVILMOBILE VIRTUAL DISH
b) Dominio de la técnica al que se refiereb) Mastery of the technique to which it refers
REALIZACIÓN DE PROGRAMAS TELEVISIVOSREALIZATION OF TELEVISION PROGRAMS
• CON ESCENARIOS VIRTUALES• WITH VIRTUAL SCENARIOS
• EN DESPLAZAMIENTOS• ON DISPLACEMENTS
c) Estado de la técnica anteriorc) State of the prior art
En la actualidad, no está en absoluto generalizada la realización de programas de televisión con escenarios virtuales. La razón es el elevado coste de las estaciones gráficas de trabajo (Silicon Graphics, Hewlett Packard, etc.) sobre las que se han desarrollado los sistemas hoy disponibles para la realización virtual. Estos sistemas parten de la base de generar los decorados en tiempo real, lo que requiere una plataforma informática muy potente. Todos ellos se han aplicado exclusivamente en platos situados en inmuebles.At present, the realization of television programs with virtual scenarios is not widespread at all. The reason is the high cost of the graphic work stations (Silicon Graphics, Hewlett Packard, etc.) on which the systems available today for virtual realization have been developed. These systems start from the base of generating the sets in real time, which requires a very powerful computer platform. All of them have been applied exclusively in dishes located in real estate.
No es infrecuente la producción de programas en desplazamientos, es decir, en lugares alejados de los platos construidos en inmuebles. Suele usarse una Unidad Móvil que lleva un control de realización y transporta unas cámaras que se sacan del vehículo para captar las imágenes en escenariosThe production of programs in displacements is not uncommon, that is, in places far from the dishes built in real estate. A Mobile Unit is usually used that carries a realization control and transports cameras that are taken out of the vehicle to capture the images in scenarios
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) naturales, sean exteriores o interiores (eventos deportivos, manifestaciones políticas, etc).SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) natural, whether exterior or interior (sporting events, political events, etc.).
Poco usual es el escenario móvil, un vehículo que se abre y se convierte en un decorado: requiere de una unidad móvil independiente a la hora de grabar. No está cerrado ni por tanto aislado acústicamente. Los actuales escenarios móviles se usan tan sólo para soportar breves entrevistas, pero no ofrecen la dignidad necesaria para albergar todo un programa.Unusual is the mobile stage, a vehicle that opens and becomes a set: it requires an independent mobile unit when recording. It is not closed or therefore acoustically isolated. Current mobile scenarios are used only to support brief interviews, but do not offer the dignity necessary to host an entire program.
Hasta la fecha, ninguna unidad móvil ni escenario móvil han usado decorados virtuales.To date, no mobile unit or mobile stage has used virtual sets.
Las técnicas virtuales prestan amplitud, variedad y riqueza a los decorados, superando plenamente a los escenarios reales que pudieran transportarse en un vehículo y que difícilmente cubrirían los mínimos exigidos en televisión.Virtual techniques lend breadth, variety and richness to the sets, fully surpassing the real scenarios that could be transported in a vehicle and that would hardly cover the minimums required on television.
licación de la invenciónlicense of the invention
El PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL consiste en la fusión de una Unidad Móvil dotada de control de realización y cámaras y de un estudio cerrado de televisión, en el que se aplican nuevas técnicas de escenografía virtual.The MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH consists of the merger of a Mobile Unit equipped with realization control and cameras and a closed television studio, in which new virtual scenography techniques are applied.
Integra distintos equipos y materiales en un vehículo largo, que al llegar a su lugar de destino se expande y se constituye en un plato plenamente autosuficiente para la producción de programas en tecnología virtual.It integrates different equipment and materials in a long vehicle, which when it reaches its destination expands and becomes a fully self-sufficient dish for the production of virtual technology programs.
Destacamos que se trata de un estudio completo, insonorizado. virtual y móvil, síntesis no conseguida hasta el momento y que da lugar a nuevas fórmulas de producción televisiva.We emphasize that this is a complete, soundproof study. virtual and mobile, synthesis not achieved so far and which gives rise to new formulas for television production.
Hemos hecho posible su aparición conjuntando las más diversas y recientes tecnologías y aportando propios desarrollos de software y hardware.We have made its appearance possible by combining the most diverse and recent technologies and providing our own software and hardware developments.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26Ϊ Nuestro sistema de escenografía virtual es original. Actualmente, usamos decorados pre-renderizados, que permiten ofrecer una alta calidad de texturas y acabados, pero la evolución prevista de la tecnología nos permitirá próximamente generar los decorados en tiempo real.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26Ϊ Our virtual scenery system is original. Currently, we use pre-rendered decorations, which allow us to offer high quality textures and finishes, but the expected evolution of technology will soon allow us to generate the decorations in real time.
Usamos cámaras robotizadas sobre posicionadores digitales que cuelgan del techo, aunque en una versión reducida del sistema se pueden utilizar cámaras normales manejadas por operadores.We use robotic cameras on digital positioners that hang from the ceiling, although normal cameras operated by operators can be used in a reduced version of the system.
Todo el control de realización es gobernado por un ordenador personal y, gracias a un potente software de elaboración propia, todo lo maneja una sola persona.All realization control is governed by a personal computer and, thanks to its own powerful software, everything is handled by a single person.
Utilizamos un teclado especial para el control de cámaras, que hemos fabricado para que sirva al usuario habitual de la realización televisiva de cómodo interface con el ordenador.We use a special keyboard for camera control, which we have manufactured to serve the usual user of the television realization of a comfortable interface with the computer.
Incorporamos nuevas pantallas de fluorescencia de luz fría, que proporcionan la iluminación difusa que requiere un estudio virtual. La iluminación convencional por incandescencia haría del todo inviable el proyecto.We incorporate new cold light fluorescence screens, which provide diffuse lighting that requires a virtual studio. Conventional incandescent lighting would make the project completely unfeasible.
Por primera vez se aplica a las paredes y suelo del estudio un laminado plástico de color azul, que solventa los tradicionales problemas que conlleva la pintura, de modo especial en el suelo del plato, logrando un azul permanentemente homogéneo.For the first time, a blue plastic laminate is applied to the walls and floor of the studio, which solves the traditional problems involved in painting, especially on the floor of the plate, achieving a permanently homogeneous blue.
Desarrollamos ahora los aspectos fundamentales y más característicos del Plato Virtual Móvil.We now develop the fundamental and most characteristic aspects of the Mobile Virtual Dish.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) NUEVAS FÓRMULAS DE PRODUCCIÓN TELEVISIVASUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) NEW TV PRODUCTION FORMULAS
El PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL representa un importante paso adelante en la producción televisiva, dadas las nuevas aplicaciones a que da lugar y la economía de costes que representa. He aquí algunas nuevas fórmulas de producción.The MOBILE VIRTUAL PLATE represents an important step forward in television production, given the new applications it gives rise to and the cost savings it represents. Here are some new production formulas.
• Antes y después de los grandes eventos deportivos televisados -fútbol, vueltas ciclistas, campeonatos de tenis, etc.- pueden realizarse dentro de este plato virtual móvil distintos programas de entrevistas y debates, con los protagonistas del evento desplazados hasta el lugar donde se celebran: jugadores, entrenadores, directivos, aficionados, etc. • Before and after the big televised sporting events - football, cycling laps, tennis championships, etc. - different programs of interviews and debates can be held within this mobile virtual dish, with the protagonists of the event displaced to the place where they are held : players, coaches, managers, fans, etc.
Es patente la necesidad de alargar el tiempo dedicado a la retransmisión del evento, para poder rentabilizar sus costes crecientes. En las circunstancias actuales, hay que elegir entre sostener cortas entrevistas en sets improvisados en el lugar del evento o comentarlo desde algún estudio alejado y desprovisto del calor de la noticia.It is clear the need to extend the time dedicated to the retransmission of the event, in order to be able to maximize its rising costs. In the current circumstances, it is necessary to choose between holding short interviews in improvised sets in the place of the event or commenting it from some remote study and devoid of the heat of the news.
El escenario virtual puede ser todo lo importante y digno que se quiera, homogéneo a lo largo de un mismo campeonato de fútbol o una vuelta ciclista, aislado acústicamente frente a megafonías y ruido ambiente y sin riesgo de acoplamientos de instrumentos de sonido.The virtual stage can be as important and worthy as you want, homogeneous throughout the same soccer championship or a cycling tour, acoustically isolated from public address systems and ambient noise and without the risk of sound instrument couplings.
• Las ferias de muestras y mercados podrían usar nuestro PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL como emisora de televisión en circuito cerrado, para información -a través de distintos monitores- de cuantos recorren sus pabellones. Los expositores de la feria comentarían sus novedades. Destacados visitantes serían entrevistados. Se incluirían publireportajes y spots publicitarios.• Sample fairs and markets could use our MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH as a closed-circuit television station, for information - through different monitors - of how many run their pavilions. The exhibitors of the fair would comment on their news. Featured visitors would be interviewed. Publireportajes and advertising spots would be included.
No se descarta la posibilidad de realizar una emisión especial en torno a los días de la feria, sea por satélite o por vía herziana dentro de un ámbito local.The possibility of making a special broadcast around the days of the fair, whether by satellite or by Herzian route within a local area, is not ruled out.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) • Dentro del PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL y a precios realmente muy competitivos, dadas sus características, se pueden producir programas de los más diversos contenidos.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) • Within the MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH and at really competitive prices, given its characteristics, programs of the most diverse contents can be produced.
Podría producirse una serie de programas -concurso o debate-con la participación en cada uno de personas de distintos lugares geográficos.A series of programs could be produced - contest or debate - with the participation in each of people from different geographical locations.
Estaría disponible en cualquier punto geográfico, donde quizás no exista estudio alguno de televisión.It would be available at any geographical point, where there may be no television studio.
Las realizaciones efectuadas en nuestro PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL podrán ser similares en apariencia a las llevadas a cabo en un plato tradicional (aunque no sean equiparables sus costes, ni la simplificación de la producción o la facilidad en la realización). Pero una realización auténticamente virtual podrá prestar además un fuerte valor añadido en creatividad.The realizations carried out in our MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH may be similar in appearance to those carried out in a traditional dish (although their costs are not comparable, neither the simplification of the production or the ease in the realization). But a truly virtual realization can also provide a strong added value in creativity.
RASGOS FÍSICOS DEL PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVILPHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH
El vehículo que ha de ser carrozado como PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL es el semiremolque de cuello de cisne, dado que permite una altura interior mayor que la que proporcionan los restantes semiremolques o las plataformas de los camiones. Los remolques valdrían también por altura, pero no pueden ser llevados directamente por una cabeza tractora. El gálibo máximo es siempre de 4 metros, pero la parte más baja está a 84 cm. del suelo. (Ver dibujo 6)The vehicle that has to be chartered as a MOBILE VIRTUAL PLATE is the gooseneck semi-trailer, since it allows an interior height greater than that provided by the remaining semi-trailers or truck platforms. The trailers would also be worth the height, but they cannot be carried directly by a tractor unit. The maximum gauge is always 4 meters, but the lowest part is 84 cm. ground. (See drawing 6)
Su longitud puede sobrepasar los trece metros, pero nuestro estudio sólo requiere un mínimo de 7 metros. La anchura del vehículo en orden de marcha no puede exceder de 2,50 m., pero cuando se expande puede llegar a 6,20 m.Its length can exceed thirteen meters, but our study only requires a minimum of 7 meters. The width of the vehicle in running order cannot exceed 2.50 m., But when it expands it can reach 6.20 m.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) El estudio a que da lugar el vehículo expandido es por tanto una sala de un mínimo de 7 metros de largo por 6,20 m. de ancho y una altura en el lugar más bajo de 2,50 m. Son las medidas precisas para los fines pretendidos y las técnicas empleadas. El decorado virtual termina por prestar las dimensiones deseadas y necesarias para cada programa.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The study that gives rise to the expanded vehicle is therefore a room of a minimum of 7 meters long by 6.20 m. wide and a height in the lowest place of 2.50 m. They are the precise measures for the intended purposes and the techniques employed. The virtual decoration ends up providing the desired and necessary dimensions for each program.
El área de trabajo donde se ubican los posibles presentadores, comentaristas e invitados, ocupa algo más de la mitad del estudio: 6,20 de ancho por 4 m. de profundidad.The work area where the possible presenters, commentators and guests are located, occupies just over half of the study: 6.20 wide by 4 m. deep
Paredes y suelo de toda esta zona forman una especie de ciclorama, sin esquinas ni sombras. Están revestidos de un laminado plástico que es lavable y proporciona un azul homogéneo en todas sus partes.Walls and floor throughout this area form a kind of cyclorama, without corners or shadows. They are coated with a plastic laminate that is washable and provides a homogeneous blue in all its parts.
Sobre mesas y atriles en color azul, de distintos tamaños, se aplicarán después diversos diseños virtuales.On tables and lecterns in blue, of different sizes, various virtual designs will be applied afterwards.
Sillones, sillas y banquetas -reales- completan básicamente el atrezzo. Los restantes elementos serán estrictamente virtuales.Armchairs, chairs and sidewalks -real- basically complete the props. The remaining elements will be strictly virtual.
El estudio está insonorizado mediante gruesas planchas de poliuretano, que le aislan por completo del exterior. Todo el techo y las paredes que no entran en campo de grabación se acondicionan acústicamente por medio de planchas de gomaespuma.The studio is soundproofed by thick polyurethane sheets, which completely isolate it from the outside. The entire ceiling and walls that do not enter the recording field are acoustically conditioned by means of foam rubber sheets.
ILUMINACIÓN POR FLUORESCENCIAFLUORESCENCE LIGHTING
Un plato cerrado de las dimensiones que permite el vehículo elegido, difícilmente soportaría una iluminación convencional por incandescencia. Requeriría un grupo electrógeno de máxima potencia -ubicado en otro camión- para suministrar toda la corriente eléctrica que consumenA closed plate of the dimensions allowed by the chosen vehicle would hardly withstand a conventional incandescent lighting. It would require a maximum power generator set - located in another truck - to supply all the electric current they consume
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) los focos de luz y el equipo de aire acondicionado preciso para compensar el calor desprendido por ellos.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the light bulbs and the precise air conditioning equipment to compensate for the heat given off by them.
La iluminación fluorescente no incurre en dichos inconvenientes. Es sin duda uno de los factores decisivos que hacen viable este proyecto. No precisa de gran altura de plato. Sus pantallas pueden suspenderse directamente del techo y estar muy próximas a los "actores" ya que apenas desprenden calor.Fluorescent lighting does not incur such inconveniences. It is undoubtedly one of the decisive factors that make this project viable. Does not require high plate height. Their screens can be suspended directly from the ceiling and be very close to the "actors" since they barely give off heat.
El consumo de luz se reduce drásticamente con relación a la iluminación tradicional. Todo el plato se ilumina de forma homogénea a unos 1.000 lux con menos de mil watios. La iluminación fluorescente es además difusa por naturaleza, como requiere un estudio virtual.Light consumption is drastically reduced compared to traditional lighting. The entire plate illuminates homogeneously at about 1,000 lux with less than one thousand watts. Fluorescent lighting is also diffuse by nature, as a virtual study requires.
El grupo electrógeno puede ser compacto, relativamente pequeño, y se lleva en un extremo del mismo vehículo. Su función principal será abastecer el aire acondicionado, tarea facilitada ante la ausencia de grandes focos de calor. La iluminación fluorescente permite disfrutar de una agradable temperatura ambiente.The generator set can be compact, relatively small, and carried at one end of the same vehicle. Its main function will be to supply the air conditioning, a task facilitated in the absence of large heat sources. The fluorescent lighting allows you to enjoy a pleasant room temperature.
EL ORDENADORTHE COMPUTER
El control de realización se sitúa en un extremo del estudio. (Ver dibujo 1.1 )The realization control is located at one end of the study. (See drawing 1.1)
Su núcleo central es un ordenador dotado de diferentes tarjetas. Como requerimientos mínimos, un ordenador Pentium de 16 Mb de Ram y 100 Mhz, con CD-ROM de cuádruple velocidad.Its central core is a computer equipped with different cards. As minimum requirements, a Pentium computer of 16 Mb of Ram and 100 MHz, with quad-speed CD-ROM.
El ordenador personal sirve las imágenes del fondo o decorado, lo que se conoce por background.The personal computer serves the background or decorated images, which is known by background.
A la hora de elegir las tarjetas, se puede optar entre varios niveles de calidad de imagen y prestaciones.When choosing the cards, you can choose between several levels of image quality and features.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) • Nivel 1. Utilización de la tarjeta SVGA del ordenador. Para pasar esta señal a video, hay que utilizar un dispositivo complementario que es un conversor de VGA a PAL. Para evitar que, a cada cambio de plano, se construya el background a la vista, se recurre al congelado del fondo anterior y a su sustitución una vez se haya terminado de formar. Limitaciones: no hay ni movimiento ni pantalla en el decorado.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) • Level 1. Using the SVGA card of the computer. To pass this signal to video, you must use a complementary device that is a VGA to PAL converter. To avoid that, at each change of plane, the background is constructed in sight, the previous fund is frozen and replaced once it has finished forming. Limitations: there is neither movement nor screen in the scenery.
• Nivel 2. Se utilizan dos tarjetas de video, una primera en funciones de servidor de video, que es capaz de volcar fondos con movimientos, a razón de veinticinco frames por segundo, y otra segunda que cubre la función de hacer overlay, incrustando una pantalla sobre el background. La señal de salida es de video compuesto.• Level 2. Two video cards are used, a first in video server functions, which is able to dump funds with movements, at the rate of twenty-five frames per second, and another second that covers the function of overlay, embedding a screen on the background. The output signal is composite video.
Como ejemplos de tarjetas, que pueden hallarse en la actualidad en el mercado, citamos la tarjeta AV Master como lectora y la Movie Machine como overlay, ambas de la firma Fast.As examples of cards, which can be found today in the market, we cite the AV Master card as a reader and the Movie Machine as an overlay, both of Fast.
• Nivel 3. La calidad de las tarjetas es la única diferencia con el nivel anterior. La salida es en componentes o YUV.• Level 3. The quality of the cards is the only difference with the previous level. The output is in components or YUV.
Como simples ejemplos actuales dentro de un mercado que destaca por su constante evolución, citaremos la AV Master o DPR como lectoras más la Video Machine como overlay, todas ellas fabricadas por Fast.As simple current examples in a market that stands out for its constant evolution, we will cite the AV Master or DPR as readers plus the Video Machine as an overlay, all of them manufactured by Fast.
El ordenador dispone de dos discos duros. Uno está dedicado en exclusiva al manejo del sistema y el otro a guardar los distintos encuadres de cada background, que toma previamente del CD-ROM.The computer has two hard drives. One is dedicated exclusively to the management of the system and the other to save the different frames of each background, which is previously taken from the CD-ROM.
Las imágenes a incrustar en la pantalla provienen de una fuente cualquiera: un magnetoscopio player o una señal desde una Unidad Móvil. (Ver dibujo 1.2)The images to embed on the screen come from any source: a player magnetoscope or a signal from a Mobile Unit. (See drawing 1.2)
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) EL TECLADO DE CONTROLSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) THE CONTROL KEYBOARD
El realizador maneja el ordenador a través de un teclado especial de control de cámaras -interface de diseño propio-. (Ver dibujo 1.2 para su encaje dentro del sistema).The director manages the computer through a special camera control keyboard -interface of its own design-. (See drawing 1.2 for fit into the system).
En los dibujos 2 y 3 se reproducen, respectivamente, el diagrama del teclado y la placa del circuito impreso.Figures 2 and 3 reproduce, respectively, the keyboard diagram and the printed circuit board.
Su exterior se representa en el dibujo 4. Las cuatro teclas superiores corresponden a las cuatro cámaras previstas.Its exterior is represented in drawing 4. The four upper keys correspond to the four intended cameras.
Debajo de las teclas de cámaras 1 , 2 y 3 hay tres columnas de cuatro teclas que sirven para avisar al ordenador del plano o tipo de encuadre en la que ha de situarse cada cámara. El ordenador cursa las órdenes que correspondan tanto al posicionador como a la lente de la cámara afectada, que se prepara así para el plano siguiente, colocando a la cámara en la posición de pan (horizontal) y tilt (vertical) y a la lente en el zoom y foco requeridos.Under the camera keys 1, 2 and 3 there are three columns of four keys that serve to notify the computer of the plan or type of framing in which each camera is to be placed. The computer carries out the orders corresponding to both the positioner and the lens of the affected camera, which is thus prepared for the following plane, placing the camera in the pan (horizontal) and tilt (vertical) position and the lens in the Zoom and focus required.
Cuando posteriormente el realizador pinche esa cámara, el ordenador sabrá el encuadre que tiene y facilitará el background correspondiente.When the filmmaker subsequently clicks on that camera, the computer will know the frame it has and will provide the corresponding background.
Estas tres cámaras ofrecen planos fijos, pero cada una permite varios encuadres distintos, concretamente, cuatro por cámara, doce planos en el total de las tres cámaras. Se mueven cuando no están pinchadas, hasta colocarse en el encuadre deseado para el siguiente plano.These three cameras offer fixed planes, but each allows several different frames, specifically, four per camera, twelve planes in the total of the three cameras. They move when they are not punctured, until they are placed in the desired frame for the next plane.
Si las cámaras no estuviesen robotizadas, el realizador daría las órdenes de encuadres a los operadores de cámara, pulsando igualmente la tecla corespondiente a la orden dada a fin de que el ordenador tuviese conocimiento de la posición de las cámaras en cada momento.If the cameras were not robotized, the filmmaker would give the framing orders to the camera operators, also pressing the key corresponding to the order given so that the computer had knowledge of the position of the cameras at all times.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) Debajo de la tecla de la cámara 4 se han dispuesto cuatro teclas más, que servirán para ordenar ciertos movimientos dentro de un determinado plano del background: por ejemplo, la bajada o subida de una pantalla, la puesta en marcha o parada de un elemento móvil, etc.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Four more keys have been arranged under the camera 4 key, which will be used to order certain movements within a certain background plane: for example, lowering or raising a screen, starting or stopping a moving element , etc.
Una cuarta cámara permite coordinar, mediante un software especial, los movimientos de zoom y paneos de la cámara (mientras está pinchada) con los backgrounds previamente grabados que corresponden a dichos movimientos. Se maneja desde la pantalla táctil de un segundo ordenador, dotado de una tarjeta de video, tipo DPR de Fast, y de un potente disco duro dedicado.A fourth camera allows you to coordinate, through special software, the zoom and pan movements of the camera (while it is punctured) with the previously recorded backgrounds corresponding to those movements. It is operated from the touch screen of a second computer, equipped with a video card, Fast DPR type, and a powerful dedicated hard disk.
Todas las cámaras llegan a los inputs de un selector o switcher que siguiendo la indicación del ordenador deja pasar una de las señales, que constituye el foreground. (Ver dibujo 1 .2)All cameras arrive at the inputs of a selector or switcher that, following the indication of the computer, lets one of the signals pass, which constitutes the foreground. (See drawing 1 .2)
El proceso en síntesis es el siguiente: desde el teclado el realizador avisa al ordenador qué cámara y qué plano desea, el ordenador envía la señal de background que corresponde al plano solicitado y pide al selector que dé paso a la señal de foreground de la cámara elegida.In summary, the process is as follows: from the keyboard the filmmaker notifies the computer which camera and which plane he wishes, the computer sends the background signal that corresponds to the requested plane and asks the selector to give way to the camera's foreground signal chosen
Las señales de background y foreground llegan al incrustador por chromakey donde se mezclan.The background and foreground signals reach the chromakey inlay where they are mixed.
En su salida, la señal mezclada se graba en un magnetoscopio, va a un monitor o conjunto de ellos o se envía fuera del control para uso externo.At its output, the mixed signal is recorded on a magnetoscope, goes to a monitor or set of them or sent out of control for external use.
Es conveniente que la señal de foreground sea en RGB o YUV, para asegurar la calidad de la mezcla en el incrustador. Pero en cualquier caso, el incrustador debe corresponder con el tipo de señales que le llegan, sean de video compuesto, Y/C, RGB o YUV.It is convenient that the foreground signal is in RGB or YUV, to ensure the quality of the mix in the embedding. But in any case, the embedding must correspond to the type of signals that come to it, be it composite video, Y / C, RGB or YUV.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) EQUIPAMIENTO TÉCNICO COMPLEMENTARIOSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) COMPLEMENTARY TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
El control de realización (ver dibujo 5) se completa con un monitor por cada cámara, un monitor para la imagen a incrustar en pantalla, un monitor de salida y un televisor. Se pasan al plato, a otros dos monitores, las señales de la pantalla y de salida.The realization control (see drawing 5) is completed with a monitor for each camera, a monitor for the image to be embedded on the screen, an output monitor and a television. The screen and output signals are passed to the plate, to two other monitors.
El sistema requiere un generador de sincronismos para hacer compatibles todas las señales. Su calidad se controla con un monitor osciloscopio y forma de onda.The system requires a synchronism generator to make all signals compatible. Its quality is controlled with an oscilloscope and waveform monitor.
El audio requiere todo un sistema que discurre en paralelo con el video. En el estudio se disponen de distintos micrófonos y se completan con varias fuentes de sonido en el control, como una doble pletina y un lector de compact discs. El ordenador aporta efectos especiales sonoros sicronizados con algunas imágenes. Una mesa de audio recibe las distintas señales de entrada y las mezcla siguiendo diversos criterios de funcionalidad y estética. Una señal irá a un audífono del presentador, a través del cual podrá asimismo cursarle órdenes el realizador.The audio requires a whole system that runs in parallel with the video. Different microphones are available in the studio and are completed with various sound sources in the control, such as a double deck and a compact disc reader. The computer provides special sonic effects sicronized with some images. An audio table receives the different input signals and mixes them according to various criteria of functionality and aesthetics. A signal will go to a presenter's hearing aid, through which the filmmaker can also issue orders.
Desde el control de realización se podrán establecer comunicaciones -en video y audio- con otras unidades móviles exteriores, con las que convenga coordinarse.From the realization control, communications -in video and audio- may be established with other outdoor mobile units, with which it is convenient to coordinate.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26! SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26!

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES sobre el PLATO VIRTUAL MÓVIL CLAIMS ON THE MOBILE VIRTUAL DISH
Primera: La realización de programas de televisión caracterizado por efectuarse en el interior de un vehículo utilizando escenarios virtuales.First: The realization of television programs characterized by being carried out inside a vehicle using virtual scenarios.
Segunda: La construcción de un vehículo caracterizado por contener un completo estudio cerrado de televisión, dotado de plato, iluminación, cámaras y control de realización, autosuficiente para la producción de programas en tecnología virtual.Second: The construction of a vehicle characterized by containing a complete closed television studio, equipped with a plate, lighting, cameras and realization control, self-sufficient for the production of virtual technology programs.
Tercera: El sistema de realización de programas con tecnología virtual caracterizado por:Third: The system of realization of programs with virtual technology characterized by:
• un teclado, que funciona como interface con el ordenador y que sirve para que el realizador elija los planos previstos para cada cámara, seleccione una de las cámaras y ponga en marcha determinados movimientos en el background. Si las cámaras están robotizadas, las teclas de planos sirven para posicionarlas y mover su zoom y foco.• a keyboard, which functions as an interface with the computer and which is used for the filmmaker to choose the plans provided for each camera, select one of the cameras and start certain movements in the background. If the cameras are robotic, the flat keys are used to position them and move their zoom and focus.
• un selector de cámaras, al que se conectan todas las cámaras, que deja pasar la señal de foreground que le pide el ordenador en cada momento.• a camera selector, to which all cameras are connected, which lets the foreground signal that the computer is requesting at all times pass through.
• un ordenador, que interpreta los mensajes que le llegan desde el teclado y hace la función de un servidor de video, leyendo el background que corresponde a la cámara y al plano elegidos. En su caso, inserta en el decorado, la señal que le llega de una fuente exterior.• a computer, which interprets the messages that arrive from the keyboard and acts as a video server, reading the background that corresponds to the camera and plane chosen. In your case, insert the signal that comes from an outside source into the set.
• un incrustador, donde se mezclan las señales de background y foreground.• an inlay, where the background and foreground signals are mixed.
Cuarta: Teclado de control de cámaras caracterizado por funcionar como interface con el ordenador y por servir para que el realizador elija los planos previstos para cada cámara, las posicione y disponga el zoom y foco de cada una, seleccione una de las cámaras y ponga en marcha determinados movimientos en el background.Fourth: Camera control keyboard characterized by functioning as an interface with the computer and for serving the filmmaker to choose the plans provided for each camera, position them and arrange the zoom and focus of each, select one of the cameras and set March certain movements in the background.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
PCT/ES1997/000141 1996-06-04 1997-06-03 Mobile virtual plateau WO1997047130A1 (en)

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