WO1997037089A1 - Prefabricated self-supporting panel for the construction industry - Google Patents
Prefabricated self-supporting panel for the construction industry Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997037089A1 WO1997037089A1 PCT/ES1997/000062 ES9700062W WO9737089A1 WO 1997037089 A1 WO1997037089 A1 WO 1997037089A1 ES 9700062 W ES9700062 W ES 9700062W WO 9737089 A1 WO9737089 A1 WO 9737089A1
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- panel
- ribs
- self
- plate
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
Definitions
- the end of that base which is called the nose, protrudes from the actual section of work with which it collaborates and to which it is structurally linked, the said nose having two missions, one separating the support surface for the forging of the section of work of the beam, and another to avoid the use of formwork, contributing in addition a continuous surface for the direct support of the lines of support without need of races.
- Figure 6. Shows a view equal to that of the previous figure, where the nerves of the panel are made of concrete reinforced with metal edge.
- Figure 11.- Shows a plan view of two panel lines loaded with plates to form a floor.
- a support beam (7) which as seen in Figure 4 is removable and in which two are distinguished well differentiated parts, a lower and horizontal one that corresponds to the reference itself (7), constituting the support itself, and that is formed from a suitable reinforcement (8), and a superior and vertical one that is obtained from the reinforcement (9), being able to see in that figure 4 how the base (7) supports the reinforcement (9) of the vertical beam part, serving as a lower formwork.
- the symmetrical placement of the mentioned reinforcement (9) can be observed, leaving a free distance from the plate (1) to such reinforcement (9).
- Figure 6 shows a panel similar to that of Figure 5, but in that case with the ribs (2) of reinforced concrete, equipped with their corresponding leveling and lifting hooks (5), the holes (6) and equipped with a metallic song (12).
- the fasteners of the panels are visible, fixing them after having placed the reinforcement or ferralla (13) for the corresponding pillar, serving to join the ribs (2) of two Consecutive panels and of these with the pillar itself, once concreted.
- the beam (7-7 ') can be fixed or detachable, as has already been exposed throughout this description, and supports on the ribs (2), integrating with its assembly the irons that correspond vertically to the lateral pillars of the rounds coming from the slab, with which it will melt once the concreting is done in the work. In this way the function resistant to the pillars and the perimeter beam.
- the different types of supports are an inseparable part of the panel, although due to interests that have to do with its manufacture, manageability, inconveniences related to the storage, transport and lightening of the total weight of the panel, it will sometimes be supplied forming a single piece from the point of Production and others will be joined during the assembly process.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The panel is made from a reinforced concrete plate (1) which has on one of its sides, perpendicularly thereto, a pair of ribs (2) which are situated at the vicinity of and parallel to two of the edges, considered as vertical edges, of the plate (1). The ribs extend from the lower edge of said plate (1) up to a zone proximate to the upper edge, determining between the upper extremity of said ribs (2) and the upper edge of the plate (1) a distance for setting a support beam (7) with a reinforcement (8) which, once concreted, will form a beam in that zone, the support beam (7) acting as a support for prefabricated formwork plates. The panels can be joined co-laterally to each other, forming between each other hollow ribs for the formation of pilars, while beams can be arranged in the upper zone. The panel is a self-supporting panel and configures in each case a structure trusswork which provides for the development of an integral construction system.
Description
PANEL PREFABRICADO AUTOPORTANTE PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN PREFABRICATED PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR CONSTRUCTION
D E S C R I P C I Ó ND E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un panel prefabricado destinado a ser empleado en el ámbito de la construcción, panel que es autoportante con una cara vista que puede revestirse con cualquier material y otra cara dotada de nervios verticales que confieren al panel la característica de autoportante, incluyendo también, como parte inteqrante del mismo o para ser montada en una fase posterior, una viga de prelosa y apoyo como soporte, todo ello configurando un entramado estructural que permite desarrollar un sistema constructivo integral.The present invention relates to a prefabricated panel intended to be used in the field of construction, a panel that is self-supporting with a visible face that can be coated with any material and another face provided with vertical ribs that give the panel the characteristic of self-supporting, also including, as an integral part thereof or to be mounted at a later stage, a pre-slab beam and support as a support, all of this configuring a structural framework that allows the development of an integral construction system.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Entre los diversos tipos de paneles autoportantes conocidos, pueden citarse como más usuales los paneles macizos y los paneles sandwichs.Among the various types of known self-supporting panels, solid panels and sandwich panels can be cited as more usual.
En relación con las ventajas que ofrecen los paneles macizos, pueden citarse un fácil y adecuado acabado de la fachada, colaborando además parcialmente en la función estructural. Sin embargo, los paneles macizos tienen una serie de inconvenientes tales como problemas de condensaciones, dificultad para los sellados de juntas, excesivo peso de las piezas y escasa flexibilidad a la hora de proyectar.In relation to the advantages offered by solid panels, an easy and adequate finish of the facade can be cited, also partially collaborating in the structural function. However, solid panels have a number of drawbacks such as condensation problems, difficulty in sealing joints, excessive weight of the parts and poor flexibility when designing.
En cuanto a los paneles sandwichs, éstos mejoran las condiciones de los expuestos anteriormente, permitiendo la incorporación del aislamiento y cierto
grado de preinstalación en el interior de sus cámaras. Sin embargo, este tipo de paneles presentan el inconveniente de que la ejecución de la obra es costosa y su intradós presenta serias dificultades a la hora de realizar cualquier tipo de modificación, una vez puesto en obra. Como elementos resistentes presentan serias dificultades, en producción, a la hora de conseguir cámaras suficientemente amplias como para asignarles funciones estructurales capaces de absorber determinados valores de carga.As for the sandwich panels, these improve the conditions of the above, allowing the incorporation of insulation and certain degree of pre-installation inside their cameras. However, this type of panels has the disadvantage that the execution of the work is expensive and its intrados presents serious difficulties when making any type of modification, once put into work. As resistant elements they present serious difficulties, in production, when it comes to obtaining cameras sufficiently wide to assign them structural functions capable of absorbing certain load values.
En resumen, son numerosos e incluso importantes los problemas e inconvenientes que presentan los paneles autoportantes conocidos hasta el momento.In summary, the problems and disadvantages of the self-supporting panels known so far are numerous and even important.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El panel que se preconiza, siendo autoportante y prefabricado, viene a resolver toda esa problemática a plena satisfacción, ofreciendo además una serie de nuevas prestaciones, así como innumerables ventajas en los procesos constructivos que se pueden conseguir en base al panel propiamente dicho.The panel that is recommended, being self-supporting and prefabricated, comes to solve all this problem to full satisfaction, also offering a series of new features, as well as innumerable advantages in the construction processes that can be achieved based on the panel itself.
Más concretamente, el panel autoportante que se preconiza está estructurado a partir de una placa de hormigón armado, de espesor variable en función de las exigencias que para el recubrimiento de las armaduras existan en cada momento, con un mallazo mecanizado de cuadrícula predimensionada que queda integrada en el seno de la placa, pero que obviamente puede armarse con otro tipo de configuración estructural, sin que ello afecte a la esencia de la invención.More specifically, the self-supporting panel that is recommended is structured from a reinforced concrete plate, of varying thickness depending on the requirements that for the coating of the reinforcements exist at all times, with a machined mesh of pre-sized grid that is integrated within the plate, but which can obviously be armed with another type of structural configuration, without affecting the essence of the invention.
Unidos mediante soldadura, atado u otro
procedimiento cualquiera, se disponen unos armados para la obtención de nervios que quedan dispuestos perpendicularmente a la placa, y en base a cuyos nervios se consigue que el panel sea autoportante. El colchón obtenido mediante el mallazo de la placa y el armado para los nervios, se traslada a una mesa de moldeado en cuyo plano se coloca separado, según la norma, por unos distanciadores que determinan el recubrimiento exterior de hormigón que debe proteger las armaduras. Es decir, que el hormigonado de la placa y de los propios nervios se realiza en mesas de moldeo y sirve para conseguir un panel autoportante y facilitar el plano exterior como soporte para el revestimiento de la fachada, incluyendo el paramento interior como superficie base para la aplicación del aislamiento termoacústico que se determine.United by welding, tying or other Any procedure, some are arranged to obtain nerves that are arranged perpendicularly to the plate, and based on whose nerves the panel is self-supporting. The mattress obtained by means of the mesh of the plate and the reinforcement for the nerves, is moved to a molding table in whose plane it is placed separated, according to the norm, by spacers that determine the outer concrete covering that must protect the reinforcements. That is to say, that the concreting of the plate and of the nerves themselves is carried out in molding tables and serves to achieve a self-supporting panel and facilitate the exterior plane as a support for the cladding of the facade, including the interior wall as the base surface for the application of thermoacoustic insulation to be determined.
En los planos de los armados correspondientes a los nervios y estratégicamente integrados, van dispuestos los ganchos previstos elevación y nivelado del panel, habiéndose previsto que el hormigonado de dichos nervios se ejecute con aplantillado regulable y desmontable, aportando al panel la adecuada rigidez para la propia placa, así como pies para el apoyo autoportante del panel, e incluso determinando las cuadernas resistentes para la unión de dos paneles mediante la incorporación de elementos metálicos o de otro material rígido que permita el cosido entre ellos, mediante elementos transversales a través de orificios aplantillados dejados al efecto sobre el eje vertical de los nervios.In the plans of the assemblies corresponding to the nerves and strategically integrated, the hooks provided for elevation and leveling of the panel are arranged, having been provided that the concreting of said ribs is executed with adjustable and removable clamping, providing the panel with adequate rigidity for the panel itself. plate, as well as feet for the self-supporting support of the panel, and even determining the resistant frames for the union of two panels by incorporating metallic elements or another rigid material that allows sewing between them, by transverse elements through clamped holes left to the effect on the vertical axis of the nerves.
El panel obtenido mediante la placa y los nervios perpendiculares a ella, se complementa con una viga de apoyo o de soporte que se dispondrá apoyada sobre uno de los extremos de tales nervios, viga que denominada
"prelosa" está destinada a recibir las cabezas de los elementos resistentes para la formación de los forjados, sirviendo por lo tanto como nervios de encofrado, sin olvidar que igualmente determinan las dimensiones de los pilares armados entre los distintos paneles, así como el arriostramiento del paramento que cerrará la cámara por la parte interior, y en caso de utilizar placas prefabricadas para el citado cierre, aportar la suficiente rigidez para asegurar una buena fijación.The panel obtained by means of the plate and the nerves perpendicular to it, is complemented by a support or support beam that will be arranged resting on one of the ends of such nerves, which is called "pre-tile" is intended to receive the heads of the resistant elements for the formation of the slabs, thus serving as formwork ribs, without forgetting that they also determine the dimensions of the reinforced pillars between the different panels, as well as the bracing of the Paramento that will close the chamber on the inside, and in case of using prefabricated plates for said closure, provide sufficient rigidity to ensure a good fixation.
Como partes consideradas aisladamente dentro del panel, la placa de hormigón a partir de la cual se obtiene dicho panel, tendrá un espesor y dimensiones variables en función de las exigencias de cada proyecto, cumpliendo los siguientes cometidos:As parts considered separately within the panel, the concrete plate from which said panel is obtained, will have a variable thickness and dimensions depending on the requirements of each project, fulfilling the following tasks:
- Durante el proceso de redacción de un proyecto, constituye la unidad elemental que permite modular, de manera industrializada, el despiece de los distintos paramentos que cierran una edificación.- During the process of drafting a project, it constitutes the elementary unit that allows to modulate, in an industrialized way, the cutting of the different walls that close a building.
- En fase de producción forma el plano de trabajo sobre cuya superficie se fijarán, con precisión, los nervios estructurales.- In the production phase it forms the work plane on whose surface the structural nerves will be fixed with precision.
- Exteriormente sirve de soporte para el acabado definitivo del paramento, antes o después de su puesta en obra.- Externally it serves as a support for the final finishing of the wall, before or after its installation.
- Interiormente, la placa alcanza mayor altura que los nervios, permitiendo absorber el canto de la viga de apoyo y del forjado previsto, sirviendo además de encofrado.- Inside, the plate reaches a greater height than the ribs, allowing the edge of the support beam and the slab to be absorbed, also serving as a formwork.
- Los laterales de la placa sobresalen
verticalmente respecto a los nervios, formando unas alas de longitud variable que sirven como encofrado de la cara exterior de los pilares que se formarán entre los nervios pertenecientes a distintos paneles, después de su montaje y hormigonado en obra.- The sides of the plate protrude vertically with respect to the nerves, forming wings of variable length that serve as formwork of the outer face of the pillars that will be formed between the nerves belonging to different panels, after their assembly and concreting on site.
- La placa puede ocupar respecto al plano vertical exterior de los nervios distintas posiciones, adelantando o retrasando la situación de su plano, facilitando con ello el espesor que sea preciso para revestir la fachada con el material que se haya proyectado.- The plate can occupy different positions with respect to the outer vertical plane of the ribs, advancing or delaying the situation of its plane, thereby facilitating the thickness that is necessary to cover the facade with the projected material.
- La placa, en el espacio comprendido entre los nervios y la viga de apoyo, permite la apertura de huecos, mediante aplantillado en la mesa de moldeo o por corte directo en obra. Cuando el hueco previsto es mayor que el 50% de la superficie de la placa, podrá puntearse en taller el perímetro para facilitar el corte en obra, con el fin de no debilitar el panel a efectos de transporte y montaje.- The plate, in the space between the ribs and the support beam, allows the opening of holes, by means of clamping on the molding table or by direct cutting on site. When the planned gap is greater than 50% of the surface of the plate, the perimeter may be dotted in the workshop to facilitate cutting on site, in order not to weaken the panel for transport and assembly purposes.
Por su parte, los nervios tendrán un espesor y dimensiones variables, en función de las exigencias de cada proyecto, y sirven para:On the other hand, the nerves will have a variable thickness and dimensions, depending on the requirements of each project, and serve to:
Formar las patas de apoyo del panel, confiriéndole la característica de autoportante.Form the support legs of the panel, giving it the characteristic of self-supporting.
- En su estructura están anclados los ganchos de elevación, fijación y nivelado en obra.- In its structure the lifting, fixing and leveling hooks are anchored on site.
Presentan orificios, atravesando su alma, situados equidistantes sobre el eje vertical, los cuales resuelven el anclaje provisional directo entre los pies de dos paneles consecutivos, cosiéndolos mediante el uso
de bulones, pernios, tornillos, etc., elementos éstos que se integran posteriormente en la masa de los pilares, colaborando con ellos en la absorción de esfuerzos.They have holes, crossing their soul, located equidistant from the vertical axis, which solve the direct provisional anchor between the feet of two consecutive panels, sewing them through the use of bolts, bolts, screws, etc., these elements that are subsequently integrated into the mass of the pillars, collaborating with them in the absorption of efforts.
- Aportan la rigidez necesaria al conjunto del panel, para permitir su manipulación, almacenaje, transporte y montaje.- They provide the necessary rigidity to the panel assembly, to allow handling, storage, transport and assembly.
- Sirven como soporte de la viga de apoyo, la cual está destinada a recibir las placas de forjado, siendo la base del encofrado de la viga perimetral que se constituye en obra para unir los pilares situados entre cada dos paneles, con el armado de las cabezas de las placas de los forjados.- They serve as support of the support beam, which is intended to receive the slabs, being the base of the perimeter beam formwork that is constituted on site to join the pillars located between each two panels, with the assembly of the heads of the slabs of the slabs.
- La determinación del tamaño y distancia entre los pilares situados entre los nervios de los paneles depende simplemente de las dimensiones que se quieran dar a los nervios, dependiendo también de la distancia calculada entre sus caras exteriores y el borde de la placa y de la necesidad de espacio para apertura de huecos que se proyecten, los cuales condicionan, en última instancia, que la frecuencia de los pilares como elemento activos sea cada dos, tres o más paneles.- The determination of the size and distance between the pillars located between the nerves of the panels simply depends on the dimensions that are to be given to the nerves, also depending on the distance calculated between their outer faces and the edge of the plate and the need of space for opening openings that are projected, which condition, ultimately, that the frequency of the pillars as active element is every two, three or more panels.
En cuanto a la viga de apoyo, la misma constituye una unidad provisional de apoyo para las placas, viguetillas, chapas colaborantes, o cualquier otro sistema de forjado proyectado, integrándose en la estructura con los siguientes criterios:As for the support beam, it constitutes a provisional support unit for the plates, joists, collaborating plates, or any other projected floor system, integrating into the structure with the following criteria:
- Está formada por una base de hormigón armado que se dimensiona geométrica y estructuralmente de forma variable, en función de las necesidades del proyecto, de manera que una vez estructurada en obra adquiere la forma
de una L, con el corte de la base en línea, pudiendo tener forma de U y otras, según se precise mayor o menor canto para la viga de atado.- It is formed by a reinforced concrete base that is geometrically and structurally sized in a variable way, depending on the needs of the project, so that once structured on site it acquires the form of an L, with the cut of the base in line, being able to be U-shaped and others, as required more or less edge for the tied beam.
- La viga presenta dos partes bien diferenciadas, una el cuerpo vertical con sección rectangular una vez hormigonada en obra, y que constituye la viga propiamente dicha, de manera que esta parte se unirá, mediante hormigonado continuo, en sentido longitudinal a los pilares y a los redondos de armado de las viguetillas, placas, losas, etc., que completan el forjado. La otra parte es horizontal y constituye la base, previo sopandado, formando el apoyo inicial del forjado; aporta el armado de la viga y realiza la función del encofrado. El extremo de esa base, a la que se denomina nariz, sobresale de la sección real de trabajo con la que colabora y a la que está unida estructuralmente, teniendo la citada nariz dos misiones, una separar la superficie de apoyo para el forjado de la sección de trabajo de la viga, y otra evitar el empleo de encofrados, aportando además una superficie continua para el sopandado directo de las líneas de apoyo sin necesidad de carreras.- The beam has two well differentiated parts, the vertical body with a rectangular section once concreted on site, and which constitutes the beam itself, so that this part will be joined, by continuous concreting, longitudinally to the pillars and round assembling of the joists, plates, slabs, etc., which complete the slab. The other part is horizontal and constitutes the base, previously sopandado, forming the initial support of the floor; provides the assembly of the beam and performs the formwork function. The end of that base, which is called the nose, protrudes from the actual section of work with which it collaborates and to which it is structurally linked, the said nose having two missions, one separating the support surface for the forging of the section of work of the beam, and another to avoid the use of formwork, contributing in addition a continuous surface for the direct support of the lines of support without need of races.
En base a todas esas características, el panel autoportante de la invención resulta estructuralmente resistente, con capacidad de adaptación a cualquier tipo de solicitación exterior, sin más que modificar las dimensiones y separación de los nervios.Based on all these characteristics, the self-supporting panel of the invention is structurally resistant, capable of adapting to any type of external solicitation, without modifying the dimensions and separation of the ribs.
Al tener visto su plano interior se facilita su manipulación, las juntas se limitan al espesor de la placa exterior y son accesibles desde ambas caras del panel.Having seen its interior plane facilitates its handling, the joints are limited to the thickness of the outer plate and are accessible from both sides of the panel.
Es susceptible la aplicación del aislamiento por
la cara interior, con lo que se consigue una continuidad en el tratamiento y un sobresellado de las juntas.The application of insulation is susceptible to the inner face, which achieves a continuity in the treatment and an overflow of the joints.
Igualmente se posibilita el empleo de materiales convencionales, además de los prefabricados, para formar el cierre de la cámara interior, lo que simplifica el trabajo de las instalaciones y el remate de los ensamblajes de fachada, confiriendo a la obra un aspecto tradicional.Likewise, the use of conventional materials, in addition to the prefabricated ones, is possible to form the closing of the inner chamber, which simplifies the work of the installations and the closing of the facade assemblies, giving the work a traditional appearance.
Los paramentos exteriores admiten cualquier tipo de acabado, pudiendo revestirse una vez colocados los paneles en la obra, o por el contrario montar las piezas con su revestimiento terminado en fábrica.The exterior walls admit any type of finish, being able to be coated once the panels have been placed in the work, or on the contrary assemble the pieces with their finished coating in the factory.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustra¬ tivo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached hereto as an integral part thereof, with illustrative character and not limiting, the following has been represented:
La figura 1.- Muestra una vista en planta superior de la armadura correspondiente al panel básico autoportante objeto de la invención, habiéndose representado en línea discontinua los contornos de la placa y nervios una vez efectuado el hormigonado para obtener el panel propiamente dicho.Figure 1 shows a top plan view of the reinforcement corresponding to the self-supporting basic panel object of the invention, the contours of the plate and ribs having been represented in a broken line once the concreting has been carried out to obtain the panel itself.
La figura 2.- Muestra una vista en alzado lateral del mismo armado de la figura anterior, con los mismos contornos externos señalizados en línea discontinua.
La figura 3.- Muestra las vistas en alzado, planta y perfil del panel obtenido a partir de la armadura representada en las figuras anteriores, una vez hormigonado.Figure 2.- Shows a side elevation view of the same assembly of the previous figure, with the same external contours marked in a broken line. Figure 3.- Shows the elevation, plan and profile views of the panel obtained from the reinforcement represented in the previous figures, once concreted.
La figura 4.- Muestra las tres mismas vistas de la figura anterior con la disposición de la viga de apoyo superior apoyada sobre los nervios del panel, viga que constituyen una unidad desmontable.Figure 4.- It shows the three same views of the previous figure with the arrangement of the upper support beam resting on the ribs of the panel, beam constituting a removable unit.
La figura 5.- Muestra una vista general en perspectiva de un panel autoportante y prefabricado realizado de acuerdo con el objeto de la invención, dotado de una viga de apoyo soportada en correspondientes ménsulas fijadas en la cara interna de los nervios, siendo éstos de naturaleza metálica.Figure 5.- Shows a general perspective view of a self-supporting and prefabricated panel made in accordance with the object of the invention, provided with a support beam supported on corresponding brackets fixed on the inner face of the ribs, these being of nature metallic
La figura 6.- Muestra una vista igual a la de la figura anterior, en donde los nervios del panel son de hormigón armado con canto metálico.Figure 6.- Shows a view equal to that of the previous figure, where the nerves of the panel are made of concrete reinforced with metal edge.
La figura 7.- Muestra otra forma de realización del panel autoportante y prefabricado objeto de la invención.Figure 7.- Shows another embodiment of the self-supporting and prefabricated panel object of the invention.
La figura 8..- Muestra una vista frontal de la unión en obra de dos paneles con la inclusión del armado del pilar entre ellos y el armado para la parte superior de las vigas de apoyo.Figure 8 ..- Shows a front view of the two-panel construction site with the inclusion of the pillar assembly between them and the assembly for the top of the support beams.
La figura 9.- Muestra una representación como la de la figura anterior, en donde los paneles están afectados de sendos huecos, uno de ventana y otro de puerta, con dimensiones arbitrarias.
La figura 10.- Muestra el detalle correspondiente al hueco abierto entre dos paneles, hueco que está previsto para formar un gran ventanal o amplio acceso.Figure 9.- Shows a representation like that of the previous figure, where the panels are affected by two holes, one of the window and the other of the door, with arbitrary dimensions. Figure 10.- Shows the detail corresponding to the open gap between two panels, which is intended to form a large window or wide access.
La figura 11.- Muestra una vista en planta de dos líneas de paneles cargadas con placas para formar un forjado.Figure 11.- Shows a plan view of two panel lines loaded with plates to form a floor.
La figura 12.- Muestra una perspectiva de dos paneles, entre cuyos nervios se forma un pilar, y con su viga de apoyo soportando las placas prefabricadas de encofrado para el forjado.Figure 12.- Shows a perspective of two panels, between whose nerves a pillar is formed, and with its support beam supporting the prefabricated formwork plates for the forging.
La figura 13.- Muestra la misma vista representada en la figura anterior, en donde la viga de apoyo forma una unidad con los nervios y el armado de la viga.Figure 13.- Shows the same view represented in the previous figure, where the support beam forms a unit with the ribs and the assembly of the beam.
La figura 14.- Muestra otra perspectiva de la unión de dos paneles con un hueco afectando a la superficie de ambos y la viga de apoyo formando un cajón con el frente de fachada.Figure 14.- It shows another perspective of the union of two panels with a gap affecting the surface of both and the support beam forming a drawer with the front of the facade.
Las figuras 15, 16 y 17.- Muestran, en sección, distintas posibilidades de la placa del panel para su revestimiento.Figures 15, 16 and 17.- They show, in section, different possibilities of the panel board for its coating.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Como se puede ver en las figuras referidas, y haciendo alusión primeramente a las figuras 1 a 7, el panel autoportante para la construcción está estructurado a partir de una placa de hormigón armado (1), dotada en correspondencia con una de sus caras y perpendicularmente a la misma con una pareja de nervios (2) , cuya longitud es inferior a la longitud de la placa (1) , nervios que se
extienden desde el borde considerado como inferior de tal placa (1) hasta una zona próxima al borde superior de aquella. La placa (1) se obtiene a partir de un mallazo mecanizado de cuadrícula determinada (3), pudiéndose armar con otro tipo de configuración estructural adecuada, mientras que los nervios (2) se obtienen a partir de una armadura (4) que sobresale perpendicularmente a la malla (3) a partir de la cual se obtiene la placa (1) referida.As can be seen in the aforementioned figures, and referring firstly to figures 1 to 7, the self-supporting construction panel is structured from a reinforced concrete plate (1), provided in correspondence with one of its faces and perpendicularly to it with a pair of nerves (2), whose length is less than the length of the plate (1), nerves that are they extend from the edge considered as lower of such plate (1) to an area close to the upper edge of that one. The plate (1) is obtained from a machined mesh of a specific grid (3), being able to arm with another type of suitable structural configuration, while the ribs (2) are obtained from a reinforcement (4) that protrudes perpendicularly to the mesh (3) from which the referred plate (1) is obtained.
El colchón que forman la malla (3) y armadura (4) se hormigona para obtener el panel básico como el representado en la figura 3, donde se ven la placa (1) , los nervios (2) e incluso los correspondientes ganchos (5) para elevación y nivelado, incluyendo los nervios (2) una alineación vertical de orificios (6) cuya función se expondrá posteriormente.The mattress that forms the mesh (3) and reinforcement (4) is concreted to obtain the basic panel as shown in Figure 3, where the plate (1), the ribs (2) and even the corresponding hooks (5) are seen ) for lifting and leveling, including the ribs (2) a vertical alignment of holes (6) whose function will be discussed later.
Sobre el canto superior de los nervios (2) se dispone, bien formando parte integrante de éstos, bien como unidad independiente, una viga de apoyo (7) , que como se ve en la figura 4 es desmontable y en la que se distinguen dos partes bien diferenciadas, una inferior y horizontal que se corresponde con la propia referencia (7) , constituyendo el apoyo propiamente dicho, y que se conforma a partir de una armadura adecuada (8) , y otra superior y vertical que se obtiene a partir de la armadura (9) , pudiéndose ver en esa figura 4 cómo la base (7) soporta la armadura (9) de la parte de viga vertical, sirviendo de encofrado inferior. Asimismo, en la vista en alzado lateral de esa figura 4 puede observarse la colocación simétrica de la comentada armadura (9) , quedando una distancia libre desde la placa (1) a tal armadura (9) .
En la figura 5 puede observarse una viga de apoyo (7' ) , como unidad independiente apoyada sobre dos perfiles metálicos (10) fijados en la cara interna de los nervios (2) , con la particularidad de que entre esa viga de apoyo (7') y la propia placa (1) va dispuesta, también apoyada sobre los soportes metálicos (10) , la unidad (7) que define la base anteriormente referida, aunque en este caso el apoyo del encofrado se realizará sobre la viga (7') . En esta figura 5 los nervios (2) son metálicos, sobre cuyos costados interiores están soldados los soportes o perfiles angulares (10) de apoyo para la viga (7'), de manera tal que ese soporte (10) por un lado refuerza la unión de la viga de apoyo (7') del forjado y por otra parte da el asiento a la unidad horizontal (7) anteriormente referida, la cual es de hormigón armado y forma lo que se ha dado en considerar como una viga o parte de la misma, bien formando cuerpo con los nervios (2) o bien como elemento o unidad independiente. En esta figura 5 la viga (7') sirve de apoyo para la elevación y fijación en obra, garantizándose la unión de dos paneles con platabandas soldadas a la cara interior de las alas de las vigas de apoyo de dos paneles contiguos.On the upper edge of the ribs (2) it is arranged, either as an integral part of these, or as an independent unit, a support beam (7), which as seen in Figure 4 is removable and in which two are distinguished well differentiated parts, a lower and horizontal one that corresponds to the reference itself (7), constituting the support itself, and that is formed from a suitable reinforcement (8), and a superior and vertical one that is obtained from the reinforcement (9), being able to see in that figure 4 how the base (7) supports the reinforcement (9) of the vertical beam part, serving as a lower formwork. Likewise, in the side elevation view of that figure 4, the symmetrical placement of the mentioned reinforcement (9) can be observed, leaving a free distance from the plate (1) to such reinforcement (9). In figure 5 a support beam (7 ') can be seen, as an independent unit supported on two metal profiles (10) fixed on the inner face of the ribs (2), with the particularity that between that support beam (7) ') and the plate (1) itself is arranged, also supported on the metal supports (10), the unit (7) that defines the base referred to above, although in this case the formwork support will be made on the beam (7' ). In this figure 5 the ribs (2) are metallic, on whose inner sides the supports or angular profiles (10) of support for the beam (7 ') are welded, so that that support (10) on one side reinforces the union of the support beam (7 ') of the slab and on the other hand gives the seat to the horizontal unit (7) referred to above, which is made of reinforced concrete and forms what has been considered as a beam or part of the same, either forming a body with nerves (2) or as an independent element or unit. In this figure 5 the beam (7 ') serves as a support for lifting and fixing on site, guaranteeing the union of two panels with welded bands to the inside of the wings of the support beams of two adjacent panels.
En la figura 6 se muestra un panel similar al de la figura 5, pero en aquel caso con los nervios (2) de hormigón armado, dotados de sus correspondientes ganchos de nivelación y elevación (5) , los orificios (6) y dotados de un canto metálico (12) .Figure 6 shows a panel similar to that of Figure 5, but in that case with the ribs (2) of reinforced concrete, equipped with their corresponding leveling and lifting hooks (5), the holes (6) and equipped with a metallic song (12).
En la figura 7 se muestra otra forma de realización, también con nervios (2) de hormigón armado y con una viga horizontal (7) soldada a respectivos soportes metálicos (10') dispuestos sobre la parte superior de los nervios (2) .
En la figura 8 se muestra la unión en obra de dos paneles formados por sus correspondientes placas (1) y nervios (2) , de manera que los dos nervios que quedan próximos entre sí en el enfrentamiento colateral de esos paneles, determinan un hueco en el que se dispone una armadura (13) para la formación de un pilar, tras el hormigonado correspondiente. Tanto en la parte inferior como en la parte superior se dejan ver las varillas o redondos (14) que se proyectan por encima de cada panel, para conseguir la unión en sentido vertical, varillas o redondos (14) que se les denomina de espera y que como se acaba de decir están previstos para asegurar la unión estructural entre las distintas alturas de la edificación de que se trate. Mediante la línea discontinua (15) en esa figura 8 se dejan ver los elementos de fijación de los paneles, fijándose éstos después de haber colocado la armadura o ferralla (13) para el correspondiente pilar, sirviendo para unir los nervios (2) de dos paneles consecutivos y de éstos con el propio pilar, una vez hormigonado.In figure 7 another embodiment is shown, also with ribs (2) of reinforced concrete and with a horizontal beam (7) welded to respective metal supports (10 ') arranged on top of the ribs (2). Figure 8 shows the union of two panels formed by their corresponding plates (1) and nerves (2), so that the two nerves that are close to each other in the collateral confrontation of these panels, determine a gap in the one that armor (13) is arranged for the formation of a pillar, after the corresponding concreting. Both the lower and the upper part show the rods or rods (14) that are projected above each panel, in order to achieve the vertical connection, rods or rounds (14) that are called waiting and which, as just said, are intended to ensure the structural union between the different heights of the building in question. Using the dashed line (15) in that figure 8, the fasteners of the panels are visible, fixing them after having placed the reinforcement or ferralla (13) for the corresponding pillar, serving to join the ribs (2) of two Consecutive panels and of these with the pillar itself, once concreted.
En la figura 9 se muestra la misma disposición de los paneles, unidos colateralmente entre sí, como en el caso anterior, a través de un cosido por pasadores transversales (16) o análogos, y en donde los paneles en sí están afectados de respectivos huecos (17) y (18), en el primer caso constituyendo una ventana y en el segundo una puerta, cuyas dimensiones serán arbitrarias. Los pasadores (16) atraviesan los orificios (6) de los nervios (2) colaterales.Figure 9 shows the same arrangement of the panels, collaterally joined together, as in the previous case, through a sewn by cross pins (16) or the like, and where the panels themselves are affected by respective gaps. (17) and (18), in the first case constituting a window and in the second a door, whose dimensions will be arbitrary. The pins (16) pass through the holes (6) of the collateral nerves (2).
En la figura 10 se deja ver la forma de implantación de un hueco (11) realizado entre dos paneles, que es un caso frecuente para grandes ventanales y amplios accesos. En este caso, la parte vertical (20)
que queda perpendicular a la viga de apoyo (7) es una sola unidad con el doble de luz que en los casos normales, la cual irá dotada de una armadura (9) conveniente. Asimismo, en este caso los nervios (2) presentan, según la línea de trazos discontinua, con cortes (2'), indicando que están esos nervios (2) cortados en un tramo ligeramente superior a la altura del hueco de ventaja (19) , cortándose en obra o bien en fábrica, en función de la proporción del citado hueco con respecto a la superficie total.Figure 10 shows the way to implant a hole (11) made between two panels, which is a frequent case for large windows and wide access. In this case, the vertical part (20) that is perpendicular to the support beam (7) is a single unit with twice the light than in normal cases, which will be equipped with a suitable reinforcement (9). Likewise, in this case the ribs (2) have, according to the dashed line, with cuts (2 '), indicating that these ribs (2) are cut in a section slightly greater than the height of the lead gap (19) , being cut on site or in the factory, depending on the proportion of said gap with respect to the total area.
En la figura 11 se muestran dos líneas de paneles cargados con placas (21) para formar un forjado, mostrándose igualmente la unión de las armaduras correspondientes a esas placas, con las que constituyen la ferralla (9) o armadura de las propias vigas, quedando listo todo el conjunto para el hormigonado.Figure 11 shows two lines of panels loaded with plates (21) to form a slab, also showing the union of the reinforcements corresponding to those plates, with which they constitute the rail (9) or reinforcement of the beams themselves, remaining Ready the whole set for concreting.
En la figura 12 se muestra una perspectiva de la unión de dos paneles contiguos, con la incorporación de las armaduras para los pilares y vigas, así como la carga del forjado constituida por las placas prefabricadas (21) con su correspondiente armadura (22) , siendo esas placas (21) prefabricadas y aptas para depositar sobre ellas el correspondiente hormigonado.Figure 12 shows a perspective of the union of two adjacent panels, with the incorporation of the reinforcements for the pillars and beams, as well as the load of the slab constituted by the prefabricated plates (21) with their corresponding reinforcement (22), these plates (21) being prefabricated and suitable for depositing on them the corresponding concreting.
En la figura 13 se muestra una variante del mismo desarrollo que el de la figura anterior, diferenciándose en que la viga (7) forma una unidad con los nervios (2) , y en donde el armado (9) de la propia viga se monta en obra sobre la placa que constituye la base, que actúa como encofrado para las placas (21) .Figure 13 shows a variant of the same development as that of the previous figure, differing in that the beam (7) forms a unit with the ribs (2), and where the assembly (9) of the beam itself is mounted in work on the plate that constitutes the base, which acts as a formwork for the plates (21).
En la figura 14 se muestra otra realización diferente, en donde existe un hueco (19) de proporciones
similares a las del hueco representado en la figura 10, con la viga de apoyo (7) fijada entre los soportes (10'), de igual manera a como se citó y representó en la figura 7, con la particularidad de que en este caso existe una unidad vertical (24) que forma junto con la parte superior de las placas (1) y de las unidades horizontales, un cajón (25) para constituir una viga de canto. En este caso, en el que el frente de fachada no cubre el espesor del forjado, está previsto para la creación de vuelos, al hilo o a la contra de la dirección del mismo.Another different embodiment is shown in figure 14, where there is a gap (19) of proportions similar to those of the hole shown in figure 10, with the support beam (7) fixed between the supports (10 '), in the same way as mentioned and represented in figure 7, with the particularity that in this case there is a vertical unit (24) that forms together with the upper part of the plates (1) and of the horizontal units, a drawer (25) to constitute a singing beam. In this case, in which the front of the facade does not cover the thickness of the slab, it is planned for the creation of flights, in line or against the direction of the same.
Finalmente, en las figuras 15, 16 y 17, pueden observarse distintas posibilidades que ofrece la placa (1) del panel para su revestimiento, pudiéndose comprobar como en la figura 15 la placa (1) forma un solo plano que permite acabados pintados, mientras que en la figura 16 se muestra la placa (1') con menor espesor para poder ser revestida, lo cual se muestra en la figura 17 donde el panel incluye un revestimiento (26) aplicado precisamente sobre la superficie (1') de la placa.Finally, in figures 15, 16 and 17, different possibilities offered by the panel (1) of the panel for its coating can be observed, being able to verify how in figure 15 the plate (1) forms a single plane that allows painted finishes, while that in figure 16 the plate (1 ') with smaller thickness is shown to be able to be coated, which is shown in figure 17 where the panel includes a coating (26) applied precisely on the surface (1') of the plate .
Como se habrá podido comprobar, el hormigonado de la placa (1) , que se realiza en mesa de moldeo, sirve para que en conjunción con los nervios (2) conseguir el panel autoportante, así como facilitar el plano exterior soporte para el revestimiento de la fachada y el paramento interior como superficie base para la aplicación del aislamiento termoacústico que se determine.As it has been possible to verify, the concreting of the plate (1), which is carried out on a molding table, serves so that, in conjunction with the ribs (2), the self-supporting panel can be achieved, as well as providing the outer support plane for the coating of the facade and the interior wall as the base surface for the application of the thermoacoustic insulation to be determined.
Igualmente se ha podido comprobar a lo largo de la presente descripción, cómo los nervios (2) aportan al panel la adecuada rigidez para la placa (1) , así como los pies para el apoyo autoportante del conjunto, en unión
con la placa (1) , constituyendo las cuadernas resistentes para la unión de dos paneles mediante la incorporación de elementos metálicos o de otro material rígido para el cosido, incluidos transversalmente a través de los orificios aplantillados dejados al efecto sobre el eje vertical de tales nervios (2) , todo ello según se ha expuesto a los largo de la presente descripción.It has also been possible to verify throughout the present description, how the ribs (2) provide the panel with adequate rigidity for the plate (1), as well as the feet for the self-supporting support of the assembly, together with the plate (1), constituting the sturdy frames for joining two panels by incorporating metal elements or other rigid material for sewing, included transversely through the clamped holes left for this purpose on the vertical axis of such ribs (2), all of this as stated throughout the present description.
Además los nervios (2) se constituyen en soportes para la viga de apoyo (7-7') destinada a recibir las cabezas de los elementos resistentes (21) para la formación de los forjados, sirviendo de encofrado y determinando las dimensiones de los pilares armados entre los distintos paneles, arriostrando el paramento que cerrará la cámara por la parte interior, y en caso de utilizar placas prefabricadas para el citado cierre, aportan su rigidez para asegurar una buena fijación.In addition, the ribs (2) constitute supports for the support beam (7-7 ') intended to receive the heads of the resistant elements (21) for the formation of the slabs, serving as formwork and determining the dimensions of the pillars armed between the different panels, bracing the wall that will close the chamber from the inside, and in case of using prefabricated plates for said closure, they provide their rigidity to ensure a good fixation.
Los repetidos nervios (2) , al igual que la placa (1) , si bien colaboran en la absorción de esfuerzos con los elementos estructurales propiamente dichos, no tienen encomendada la función resistente, aunque finalmente el panel una vez terminados los trabajos de montaje y hormigonado quedará integrado formando una unidad indivisible con los elementos estructurales activos y pasivos realizados in situ.The repeated ribs (2), as well as the plate (1), although they collaborate in the absorption of efforts with the structural elements themselves, do not have entrusted the resistant function, although finally the panel once finished the assembly work and concreting will be integrated forming an indivisible unit with the active and passive structural elements made in situ.
La viga (7-7') puede ser fija o desmontable como ya se ha expuesto también a lo largo de la presente descripción, y apoya sobre los nervios (2) , integrándose con su armado a los hierros que corresponden verticalmente a los pilares laterales de los redondos procedentes del forjado, con los que se fundirá una vez realizado el hormigonado en la obra. De esta manera queda encomendada la función resistente a los pilares y a la
viga perimetral.The beam (7-7 ') can be fixed or detachable, as has already been exposed throughout this description, and supports on the ribs (2), integrating with its assembly the irons that correspond vertically to the lateral pillars of the rounds coming from the slab, with which it will melt once the concreting is done in the work. In this way the function resistant to the pillars and the perimeter beam.
La unión efectiva de los paneles al conjunto estructural se encomienda a los elementos metálicos que atraviesan el alma de los nervios, y se introducen en los pilares a los que se unen con el hormigonado, de manera que inicialmente esos elementos metálicos sirven para unir provisionalmente dos paneles consecutivos. En determinados casos, la placa y los nervios pueden estar dotados de pelos metálicos que emergen de la superficie del hormigón para asegurar mayores adherencias y absorber cortantes.The effective union of the panels to the structural assembly is entrusted to the metallic elements that cross the soul of the nerves, and are introduced into the pillars to which they join with the concreting, so that initially those metallic elements serve to provisionally join two consecutive panels. In certain cases, the plate and ribs may be provided with metal hairs that emerge from the concrete surface to ensure greater adhesions and absorb shears.
Cuando de nervios metálicos se trata, la unión entre los paneles y de éstos con las vigas y pilares se confía, por un lado, a redondos soldados en los costados internos de los nervios que formarán un cuerpo con el hormigonado de los pilares, y por otro, a platabandas que soldadas en la cara interior de los perfiles horizontales de apoyo para las placas de forjado de dos paneles consecutivos aseguran la unión entre los mismos y con el conjunto de la estructura.When it comes to metallic nerves, the union between the panels and these with the beams and pillars is entrusted, on the one hand, to round soldiers on the internal sides of the nerves that will form a body with the concreting of the pillars, and by another, to plates that are welded on the inner face of the horizontal support profiles for the floor slabs of two consecutive panels ensure the union between them and with the whole structure.
Los distintos tipos de apoyos forman parte inseparable del panel, aunque por intereses que tiene que ver con su fabricación, manejabilidad, inconvenientes relativos al almacenaje, transporte y aligeramiento del peso total del panel, una veces se suministrará formando una sola pieza desde el punto de producción y otras se unirá durante el proceso de montaje.The different types of supports are an inseparable part of the panel, although due to interests that have to do with its manufacture, manageability, inconveniences related to the storage, transport and lightening of the total weight of the panel, it will sometimes be supplied forming a single piece from the point of Production and others will be joined during the assembly process.
No se considera necesario hacer más extensa esta descripción para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda el alcance de la invención y las ventajas que de la misma se derivan.
Los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos serán susceptibles de variación siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración en la esencialidad del invento.It is not considered necessary to make this description more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands the scope of the invention and the advantages derived therefrom. The materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements will be subject to variation as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essentiality of the invention.
Los términos en que se ha redactado esta memoria deberán ser tomados siempre en sentido amplio y no limitativo.
The terms in which this report has been written must always be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense.
Claims
R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E SR E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
ia.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, que estando previsto para permitir desarrollar un sistema constructivo integral, esencialmente se caracteriza porque se constituye a partir de una placa (1) de hormigón armado, de una de cuyas caras emerge perpendicularmente una pareja de nervios (2) , distanciados entre sí, los cuales quedan situados en proximidad y paralelamente a dos de los bordes opuestos y verticales de la propia placa (1) ; habiéndose previsto que dicha placa de hormigón (1) incluya un armado (3) formado por un mallazo mecanizado, con secciones de acero y cuadrícula, variables en función del espesor de la propia placa (1) , en tanto que los nervios (2) incluyen una armadura (4) solidarizada al mallazo (3) constitutivo de la armadura de la placa (1) ; con la particularidad de que dichos nervios (2) se extienden desde uno de los bordes, el considerado como inferior, de la placa (1) hasta una zona próxima al borde opuesto y superior de la misma, de manera que entre los extremos superiores de esos nervios (2) queda dispuesta una viga de soporte (7) con una armadura (8) , la cual es susceptible de formar una unidad independiente de los nervios (2) o formar un solo cuerpo con éstos.ia.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, which being planned to allow the development of an integral construction system, is essentially characterized in that it is constituted from a reinforced concrete plate (1), from one of whose faces a pair of nerves perpendicularly emerges (2), distanced from each other, which are located in proximity and parallel to two of the opposite and vertical edges of the plate itself (1); it being provided that said concrete plate (1) includes a reinforcement (3) formed by a machined mesh, with steel and grid sections, variable depending on the thickness of the plate itself (1), while the ribs (2) they include an armor (4) in solidarity with the mesh (3) constituting the plate's armor (1); with the particularity that said ribs (2) extend from one of the edges, the one considered as lower, of the plate (1) to an area close to the opposite and upper edge thereof, such that between the upper ends of these nerves (2) a support beam (7) with a reinforcement (8) is arranged, which is capable of forming a unit independent of the nerves (2) or forming a single body with these.
2a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicación la, caracterizado porque los nervios (2) se complementan con ganchos (5) de elevación, fijación y aplomado en obra de los propios paneles, así como con orificios (6) formando una alineación vertical en los mismos, a través de cuyos orificios (6) son pasantes elementos o pasadores (16) que a su vez pasan por orificios (6) enfrentados de otro nervio (2) correspondiente a un panel contiguo a unir con
el anterior, para formar una fachada o muro de edificación.2a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to claim la, characterized in that the ribs (2) are complemented with hooks (5) for lifting, fixing and plumbing on site of the panels themselves, as well as with holes (6) forming a vertical alignment in them, through whose holes (6) are elements or pins (16) that in turn pass through holes (6) facing another rib (2) corresponding to an adjacent panel to join with the previous one, to form a facade or building wall.
3a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicación la, caracterizado porque la viga de apoyo o soporte (7) , dispuesta entre los extremos superiores de los nervios (2) , se complementa con una armadura (9) que hormigonada va a formar un ala vertical respecto del ala horizontal o base de la propia viga de apoyo o soporte (7) .3a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to claim la, characterized in that the support or support beam (7), arranged between the upper ends of the ribs (2), is complemented by a reinforcement (9) which concretes will form a vertical wing with respect to the horizontal wing or base of the support or support beam itself (7).
4a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque tanto la placa (1) del panel, como los nervios (2) y la viga de apoyo o soporte (7) , son de hormigón armado.4a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that both the panel (1) of the panel, as well as the ribs (2) and the support or support beam (7), are made of reinforced concrete.
5β.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la placa (1) del panel es de hormigón armado, en tanto que los nervios (2) son de composición mixta, teniendo una parte de hormigón armado y unos perfiles (10) metálicos para apoyo de la correspondiente viga de apoyo o soporte (7) .5 β .- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the panel (1) of the panel is reinforced concrete, while the ribs (2) are of mixed composition, having a part of reinforced concrete and about metal profiles (10) to support the corresponding support or support beam (7).
6^.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la placa (1) del panel es de hormigón armado, los nervios (2) son de composición mixta, con una parte de hormigón armado y unos perfiles metálicos (10) para la sujeción de la viga de apoyo o soporte (7) , siendo ésta de hormigón armado.6 ^ .- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the plate (1) of the panel is reinforced concrete, the ribs (2) are of mixed composition, with a part of reinforced concrete and metal profiles ( 10) for securing the support or support beam (7), this being reinforced concrete.
7a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores,
caracterizado porque los nervios (2) de hormigón armado son susceptibles de complementarse con un canto metálico y vertical (12) , además de con los perfiles metálicos (10) de apoyo para la viga de soporte (7) .7a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the ribs (2) of reinforced concrete are capable of being complemented with a metal and vertical edge (12), in addition to the metal profiles (10) supporting the support beam (7).
8a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la viga de apoyo (7) se constituye en soporte para placas prefabricadas (21) determinantes de un encofrado, placas (21) que cuentan con armaduras (22) que se entrecruzan con la armadura (9) prevista en la parte superior de la viga de apoyo (7) para quedar aquellas fijadas mediante el correspondiente hormigonado.8a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the support beam (7) constitutes a support for prefabricated plates (21) determining a formwork, plates (21) that have reinforcements (22) that intersect with the reinforcement (9) provided in the upper part of the support beam (7) to be those fixed by the corresponding concreting.
9a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la disposición colateral de dos paneles, origina un paralelismo y separación entre los nervios contiguos (2) , entre los que se dispone una armadura (13) que hormigonada determinará en cada caso un pilar en el muro o fachada que se constituya.9a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the collateral arrangement of two panels, causes a parallel and separation between the adjacent ribs (2), between which there is a reinforcement (13) that concreting will determine in each case a pillar in the wall or facade that is constituted.
10a.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la placa (1) y por lo tanto los paneles, son susceptibles de estar afectados de huecos (11) , (17) , (18) y (19) para formar ventanas, puertas y grandes vanos, habiéndose previsto que esos huecos puedan realizarse en fábrica o estar punteados para ser realizados in situ.10a.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the plate (1) and therefore the panels are susceptible to being affected by holes (11), (17), (18) and (19) to form windows, doors and large openings, having provided that these holes can be made in the factory or be dotted to be made on site.
lia.- Panel prefabricado autoportante para la construcción, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la placa (1) puede presentar su plano externo ocupando distintas posiciones respecto del
plano exterior de la viga conformada superiormente, para posibilitar la aplicación de cualquier tipo de revestimiento para la fachada.
lia.- Self-supporting prefabricated panel for construction, according to previous claims, characterized in that the plate (1) can present its external plane occupying different positions with respect to the exterior plane of the beam formed superiorly, to enable the application of any type of cladding for the facade.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU19279/97A AU1927997A (en) | 1996-04-02 | 1997-03-13 | Prefabricated self-supporting panel for the construction industry |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES9600784A ES2133047B1 (en) | 1996-04-02 | 1996-04-02 | PREFABRICATED PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR CONSTRUCTION. |
| ESP9600784 | 1996-04-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997037089A1 true WO1997037089A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 |
Family
ID=8294401
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES1997/000062 WO1997037089A1 (en) | 1996-04-02 | 1997-03-13 | Prefabricated self-supporting panel for the construction industry |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU1927997A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2133047B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997037089A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106436756A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-22 | 张勰 | Prefabricated concrete dense rib truss reinforced steel bar thermal insulation box type component |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ582339A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-01-25 | Rcp Holdings Ltd | Concrete panel with partially embedded support, typically of fibrous material such as glass or carbon fibre, set back from edge to form internal corner for abutment with another panel or structure |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2202745A (en) * | 1938-03-08 | 1940-05-28 | Barrett & Hilp | Building construction |
| FR1100809A (en) * | 1953-10-10 | 1955-09-26 | Prefabricated modular construction system | |
| FR1424834A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1966-01-14 | Immobilien Vennoots Glhk | self-supporting element for the construction of dwellings according to module, and method applying such elements |
| DE2422586A1 (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1975-11-20 | Mueller Victor Kg | Underground or sunken wall prefabricated concrete component - comprises integral panel and ribs at equal intervals |
| US4164831A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-08-21 | Messick William E | Heat insulating and sound absorbing concrete wall panel |
| GB2092951A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-25 | Blatcon Ltd | Building panel |
| WO1984001976A1 (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1984-05-24 | Albert Bruno Rapp | One storey-high prefabricated panel |
| US4569167A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1986-02-11 | Wesley Staples | Modular housing construction system and product |
| FR2637306A1 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-04-06 | Declerck Eric | Construction element |
| ES2025432A6 (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-03-16 | Invaring Sa | Modular reinforced concrete system for buildings |
| DE4229985A1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-10 | Andreas Braun | Seal for abutting ends of prefab. wall elements in building - incorporates sealing members held in large rectangular section grooves in abutting wall ends |
-
1996
- 1996-04-02 ES ES9600784A patent/ES2133047B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-03-13 AU AU19279/97A patent/AU1927997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-03-13 WO PCT/ES1997/000062 patent/WO1997037089A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2202745A (en) * | 1938-03-08 | 1940-05-28 | Barrett & Hilp | Building construction |
| FR1100809A (en) * | 1953-10-10 | 1955-09-26 | Prefabricated modular construction system | |
| FR1424834A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1966-01-14 | Immobilien Vennoots Glhk | self-supporting element for the construction of dwellings according to module, and method applying such elements |
| DE2422586A1 (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1975-11-20 | Mueller Victor Kg | Underground or sunken wall prefabricated concrete component - comprises integral panel and ribs at equal intervals |
| US4164831A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-08-21 | Messick William E | Heat insulating and sound absorbing concrete wall panel |
| GB2092951A (en) * | 1981-02-13 | 1982-08-25 | Blatcon Ltd | Building panel |
| WO1984001976A1 (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1984-05-24 | Albert Bruno Rapp | One storey-high prefabricated panel |
| US4569167A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1986-02-11 | Wesley Staples | Modular housing construction system and product |
| FR2637306A1 (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-04-06 | Declerck Eric | Construction element |
| ES2025432A6 (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1992-03-16 | Invaring Sa | Modular reinforced concrete system for buildings |
| DE4229985A1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-10 | Andreas Braun | Seal for abutting ends of prefab. wall elements in building - incorporates sealing members held in large rectangular section grooves in abutting wall ends |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106436756A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-22 | 张勰 | Prefabricated concrete dense rib truss reinforced steel bar thermal insulation box type component |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2133047B1 (en) | 2002-02-16 |
| AU1927997A (en) | 1997-10-22 |
| ES2133047A1 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
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