WO1997026395A1 - Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products - Google Patents
Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997026395A1 WO1997026395A1 PCT/US1997/000362 US9700362W WO9726395A1 WO 1997026395 A1 WO1997026395 A1 WO 1997026395A1 US 9700362 W US9700362 W US 9700362W WO 9726395 A1 WO9726395 A1 WO 9726395A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- core
- fibres
- yarn
- cement
- strands
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
- E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to reinforced concrete products.
- Hydraulic matrices also referred to as cementltous matrices. They are the conventional products of the textile and plastics Industries and are primarily ntended to be used for spinning and weaving, or have o ⁇ e ⁇ produced for other purposes.
- hydraulic matrices of which type 1 cement (Ordinary Portland Content) Is an example, have n Interfacing with them have not hitherto been addressed to the best of ⁇ ppli ⁇ ant' ⁇ knowledge.
- polymeric reinforcing fibre, tape or mesh of high tenacity involves a draw down or stretch ratio. This can vary in the range 5:1 to 15:1 for extruded tapes and spun multi- ilaments and up to 50:1 for solvent/gel spun multi-filaments. In both cases the fibre produced has a smooth surface.
- Some polymers from which the fibres are made are hydrophobic. For an hydraulic matrix to achieve any significant mechanical, frlctlonal or chemical bond to fibres or yarns made i th s way i& virtually impossible.
- yarn for use in a cement mortar matrix including a core and a multitude of staple fibres forming a layer which envelopes the core and provides an extended surface area and interstical spades for infiltration by cement fines and hydrates, the staple fibres being spun around the core and attached to the core, the staple fibres having sufficient freedom of radial movement to provide said sp .oe ⁇ and permit ingress of cement fines and the formation of hydrates in said spaces.
- said core comprises two or more core strands which are twisted together, portions of the staple ibres being trapped between the core strtthd ⁇ as the core strands are twisted together thereby to form a mechanical connection between the core strands and the staple fibres.
- the strands of the core can have adhesive between them.
- said core and said staple fibres are of synthetic plastics materials which weld to one another upon being softened, the core and the fibres of the layer being welded to one another at spaced locations along the length of the yarn.
- said fibres and said core are adhered to one another at spaced locations.
- Said layer can consist mainly of fibres with hydrophobic properties intermingled with some fibres which have hydrophillic properties. It is also possible for said layer to include soluble ibres containing additives for enhancing the properties of the hydrate orystals during their formation. Alternatively the core and/or the staple fibres can have thereon a soluble coating containing additives for enhancing the properties of the hydrate crystals during their formation.
- the yarn can be used in the form in which it is produced but cut into pieces, or can be woven to form a tape or cloth which is embedded in the concrete matrix.
- the leading ends of the staple fibres which are fed transversely towards the core during the spinning process can be trapped by the core strands.
- the staple fibres are spun around the core and the core strands are twisted, they become mechanically locked together.
- the core strands can be coated in ⁇ line with an adhesive of a type compatible with the materials of which the core strands and the staple fibres are made.
- the staple fibres then also form a barrier which prevents the adhesive from causing a length of the coated finished yarn from sticking to an adjacent length of the yarn.
- the function of the core strands Is to provided the reinforcing.
- the staple fibres are there to provide the means for the hydraulic matrix to grip the core strands.
- the staple fibres offer a surface area several orders of magnitude greater than the surface area of the core strands.
- their interstices provide a void space which can be infiltrated by the hydraulic matrix, which as it crystallises envelopes the staple fibres, thus forming a composite interface between the reinforcing core and a c ⁇ mentaceous matrix.
- the staple fibre preferably consist mainly of hydrophobic material so as not to interfere with the water/cement ratio which significantly influences the strength of the fully cured cement mortar, or concrete, in which the fibre product is used.
- the staple fibres can be a blend of fibres, a small percentage of the total having hydrophylllc properties, enabling them to retain sufficient water to ensure that the hydraulic matrix in contact with them is fully cured.
- Soluble fibres, or fibres that have a soluble coating can be included to release additives into the hydraulic matrix that enhance the properties of the cement hydrate crystals as they form, without affecting the properties of the bulk of the matrix.
- a performance enhancing additive is silica fume. This can change the ratio of the hydrates produced during hydration in an advantageous manner.
- Another additive is gypsum anhydrate, which when in contact with cement hydrates, can cause expansion.
- Other additives, and their effect, are known to those skilled in the art.
- the additives can also be infiltrated into the interstices of the staple fibres and retained there by the use of a soluble coating.
- Sodium alglnate is the preferred coa ing.
- the staple fibres are preferably applied to the core yarns by a spinning process.
- An example of such a process is friction spinning as developed by Feher AG of inz, Austria.
- Adhesive can be applied in-line mmediately prior to the spinning process.
- the staple fibres then also serve to prevent the adhesively coated strands from sticking to each other. This could be a problem were it not an ln- line process.
- the friction spinning process therefore has to be customised to meet the needs of the method of production of the yarn according to the Invention.
- the use of multiple adhesively coated strands that converge at the point where the staple fibres are being Introduced adds an adhe ⁇ ive bond to the mechanical interlock that occurs between the core and the staple fibres.
- the friction spun staple ibres can be more loosely applied to the core strands if the core strands are coated with an adhesive before the friction spinning process takes place. This is of particular significance In the case of high tech fibres, where high interlaminar shear forces have to be transmitted through the interface layer of staple fibres into the ultra strong reinforcing core. Such forces can exceed 1 GPa.
- a suitable adhesive can be made from a hot melt adhe ⁇ ive by dissolving it in a suitable hot solvent and allowing it to cool. A room temperature volatile gel is thus produced. This can be coated onto the core strands. The solvent volatilises leaving a thin layer of hot melt adhesive gel. The solvent can be recovered and condensed for reuse.
- the hot melt adhesive can also be formulated to become the ca.-rier of the matrix performance enhancing additives mentioned above.
- the composite core can be heated. Tnis softens the adhesive thus heat setting the friction spun fibres to the surface of the core and at the same time creating a ridged surface of adhesive on the core strands along which the ⁇ taple fibres will, once in the cement matrix, not be able to slide.
- Yarn made in accordance with this invention provides interstitial spaces into which cement and its hydrates can flow and mechanically interact with the staple fibres.
- addi-cives are included which chemically interact with the cement and/or its hydrates to create a preferred interface, selectively using the hydraulic matrix in which the interactive strands, or products made from them, are used to enhance the matrix where it is to become the interface wi ⁇ h the interactive fibre strands.
- Yarn made in accordance with this invention comprises two or more components each with its own well defined function.
- the yarn can have: A high tenacity core, to carry the load, the core comprising one, two or more polymeric core strands or alternatively mul i-filaments; one or more layers of staple fibres spun onto the core; a mechanical locking system between the core and the staple fibres; an adhesive bonding layer between the core and the staple fibres; an adhesive that includes additives to react with the hydraulic matrix; hydrophylllc fibres forming a portion of the staple fibres; fibres coated with a water soluble adhesive that dissolves releasing additives into the cement as it hydrates; inclusions in the extended surface layer of the fibres to react chemically with the hydratlng cement in order to create a preferred topical matrix.
- the surface layer of staple fibres Is preferably applied to the high tenacity core by the process known as friction spinning, for which Feher AG, of inz, Austria supplies suitable equipment.
- a preferred embodiment uses a plurality of core strands, the strands being fed in a cone to a nip in order to catch the leading ends of the staple fibres as these are fed transversely towards the nip. With the leading ends of the staple fibres trapped between the strands of the core, spinning serves to bind them in place. Twisting; of the core strands enhances the bond.
- the staple fibres reinforce the cement Interface and transfer the load on the concrete product into the core strands.
- a load usually results from the bending or flexing of the cement matrix or concrete product in which the yarn is used.
- the staple fibres when wound onto the core, result in a permeable layer of fibres.
- the latter can additionally be used to modify the properties of the adhesive by the process known as cross linking.
- the fluorination process is known to create a polar surface on certain polymers that can improve its adhesion to hydraulic matrices.
- the yarns of this invention are gripped mechanically, and in many cases chemically, by the hydraulic matrix. If the final product fails it is because the matrix, the interface or the fibres themselves have failed under load as pull out of the interactive fibre strands under load is nc possible.
- Replacing steel reinforcing systems in chosen applications by yarn according to this invention enables thinner, lighter cement based products to be made. Accelerators can be used that would cause the corrosion o f steel, enabling moulds to be more productively utilised.
- Bulk concrete products according to the invention are less prone to cracking. Furthermore because the physical properties of the cement matrix interface to the yarn is enhanced, the toughness of the bulk matrix is improved and the deflection under load with respect to steel reinforced concrete is reduced.
- tapes and cloths made in accordance with the teachings of this application are more desirable than steel for the purpose of reinforcing cellular or lightweight aggregate cement based products because steel reinforcing is generally incompatible with the significantly reduced compresslve strength of lightweight concrete.
- the reinforcing core of the yarn can be man made synthetic textile yarns or natural textile yarns. Examples are rayon, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, carbon, Xevlar, gel spun polyethylene or zirconia glass high tech fibres.
- All of these fibres can be characterised as having a surface requiring chemical, gas, corona discharge or irradiation treatment to create a surface to which a chemical bond can be achieved by an adhesive matrix.
- Epoxy or polyester resins are examples of adhesives that will bond after such treatment.
- these treatments do not yield a surface to which a water based matrix such as cement, or its hydrates, can either Interlock mechanically or significantly bond chemically. Further these process are not normally used in the textile industry. This leads to multiple handling, increasing the cost of the end product.
- Such fibres cannot therefore be used as reinforcing unless they form part of composite yarns as described herein.
- Cement and similar hydraulic matrices are by their nature used in bulk $ low cost matrices.
- the cost of any required additive or reinforcing is a factor in determining whether or not they would be used. This does not, of course, eliminate such treatments from being used wheu there is a commercially or technically valid reason to dO fJO .
- the extended surface area of the fibres of the composite yarn provides a fibrous surface. Th s acts partially as a filter allowing only the finer more reactive cement particles and the hydrate gels to enter the interstices of the friction spun fibre layer.
- hydrate gels forms. This solution is composed of water and products leached from the cement by the water.
- Calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate are two examples. The latter is the preferred matrix or binder.
- the staple fibres are wound in a spiral semi-hoop wise fashion.
- the volume between the core and the spirally aligned fibres, the adhe ⁇ ive, or specially manufactured fibres can be used to carry additives that can enhance one or more properties of the cement hydrates.
- additives sodium and calcium silicate, gypsum, ettringite, rapid hardening cement or pozzalans such as pulverised fuel ash, or silica fume.
- Other additives will be known to those skilled in the art.
- One or more of these additives oan be used to cause an interaction with the hydrating cement.
- the formation of calcium hydroxide can be suppressed in favour of the formation of calcium silica hydrate.
- Silica fume is known to be a suitable additive in th s regard.
- the cement hydrates can be caused to expand.
- the expansion that takes place does so within the confines of the annular space between the inside faces of the staple fibres and the core and has no effect on the bulk of the concrete within which the fibres are being utilised.
- the additives can be present in soluble coatings on the fibres or in the adhesives used to hold the fibres in place on the core, or as particulate matter infiltrated into tne interstices of the fibres and if necessary held in place by a soluble material.
- the annularly aligned fibres constrain radially outward expansion, causing the crystals of hydration to press against the reinforcing core of the composite yarn. This leads to an enhanced grip of the core strands by the matrix.
- Interactive fibre strands such as are described in this application adsorb water, due to reduced surface tension, before the cement hydration process CO ⁇ MA ⁇ *C*&. wi-fcH the exception of natural or hydropyllic fibres they will not absorb water and so will have little or no effect on the critical water/cement ratio.
- the calcium silicate hydrate gel from the cement particles can be encouraged to form within the cr ⁇ sa- ⁇ ection defined by the outside of the core and the outer extremity of the friction spun layer of staple fibres, namely in the area partially filled with the precho ⁇ n additives.
- the normal hydrate ratio is of the order of 60% calcium silicate to 40% ca cium hydroxide. The ratio can be altered to, for example, 80:20.
- the calcium silicate hydrate that forms within the layer of fibres crystallises as calcium silicate.
- Calcium silicate comprises fine, strong but brittle crystals that, as they continue to crystallise, impinge against each other and fuse together. During the crystallisation stage they occupy the interstitial spaces of the staple fibres forming a calcium silicate-fibre composite interface.
- a characteristic of the fibre-calcium silicate composite interface is that it is a composite with a mechanical bond both to the reinforcing core and to the cement matrix. Any crystals that form inside the spirally bound hoop like fibres > expand and impinge against the reinforcing core. This effect is enhanced by the use of an additive such as gyp ⁇ um anhydrate that can be within the friction spun fibre layer.
- the fibres in the composite interface reduce the brlttleness of the calcium silicate, creating a pseudo ductile interface layer.
- the interactive composite yarn described can be used as produced ie in yarn form, or woven into a tape or cloth suitable for use in beam or sheet type applications.
- the yarn when is used as it is produced, can be cut into pieces of some chosen length. Longer lengths are required for use in large aggregate mixes and shorter lengths for use in grout type mixes. The shorter the yarn is cut the more its friction spun staple fibres will benefit from the adhesive bond to the core of the composite yarn.
- Interactive yarn, cloth eto can be cut using a la ⁇ rer or hot air gun. This also serves to fuse the ends of the staple fibres together and, in the case of a thermoplastics core, to the core. This is beneficial in the absence of an adhesive bond between the fibre outer layer and the core.
- the fibres can be uniformly dispersed throughout the mix. They serve to prevent de- mixing during pumping and placing and segregation under vibration. Because the mix remains mixed it is easier to obtain site test results that compare with those obtained in the laboratory.
- the reduced surface tension around the strands causes free water to be adsorbed from the concrete mix thus preventing the formation of surface puddles which, when they evaporate, reduce the water-cement ratio.
- the water adsorbed by the strands remains available to the cement throughout the hydration process.
- Reinforcing interactive composite yarns made with a high elongation core can be pre-stressed by, for example, 20%. At practical diameters this results in a reduction of about 10% in the diameter of the reinforcing core.
- Tape and woven cloth made from the interactive yarns described can be dipped into a fluidlaed bed containing a cementitous powder.
- the powder infiltrates the friction spun layer of stable fibres.
- they can be wrapped in a layer of impermeable material such as polyethylene film to keep the dry cement mixture in plaoe.
- a non-woven finely textured tissue can be used. The later can remain in place as a component of the end product.
- prelmpregnated materials need only involve their being wetted end allowed to drain, prior to being used in a mould or against a former for moulding.
- Pre-impregnated materials are suitable for hand or machine lay up into sheet-like structures. Alternatively they can form the surfaces of a cellular or normal density sandwich panel.
- Interactive fibre strands can be used to create satin weave or knitted cloths enabling articles with complex curvatures to be made using these techniques.
- Polymeric ibres have the advantage of being non aggressive and are therefore not harmful either to the hands of the user, or to the environment in which they are used.
- Cloth made from interactive composite yarn acts as a filter.
- Whan used to line shuttering it provides a mesh which prevents large aggregate particles from reaching the surface of a shutter during casting. Fines from the concrete mix penetrate the mesh and, flow through the mesh in a controlled manner. The space bounded by the shutter fills from the bottom up, the cement fines displacing air as the space against the shutter face is filled.
- Material made in this way can be used after the fashion of papier maohe to create strong thin fibre cement mouldings, such as garden ornaments, floor tiles, roofing sheets and boat hulls.
- Reinforcing yarn with a friction spun surface is particularly suitable for use in cellular cement and low density aggregate cement mixes where traditional reinforcing, such as steel bare or meshes, are less effective.
- the cellular/lightweight aggregate mixes develop insufficient strength to be able to grip steel reinforcing.
- the larger surface area of the described yarn etc is more suitable.
- Cellular fibre or lightweight aggregate cement mixes used in conjunction with woven cloth or tape made in accordance with the methods disclosed in this application are suitable as an alternative to wooden joists or plywood.
- the cement composite fibre ply is suitable for use where marine ply would otherwise be specified and is particularly suitable for use as lost formwork. Such a formwork remains in place as the finished surface of the concrete.
- a specific example of application is wa fle or trough type floors as it avoids the problem of having to strip, clean and store large mouldings or shutters.
- a further example of use is as highway barriers. These can stack f or ease of transport, can be quickly positioned and b ol ed together without the need for lifting equipment.
- the h o ll ow core can be used to hold a plastics bag filled with water.
- a vent valve can be provided on the bag to allow the water to escape at a controlled rate on Impact.
- the units can be back filled with soil, sand, or concrete. In the latter case they can be used with a weak mix as left insitu moulds, or with a strong mix as re-usable moulds.
- Figure 1 illustrates the preferred method of producing a yarn in accordance with the present invention.
- the two strands designated 18 and 20 together constitute a core designated 22.
- the strands 18 and 20 are fed on converging path to a nip.
- the staple fibres 26 are presented to the strands and their leading ends are trapped between the strands.
- the strands preferably have an adhesive coating 24 applied thereto just before they reach the nip.
- the adhesive coating secures the strands 16, 20 to one another and also assists in binding the staple fibres.
- the staple fibres 26 themselves form a cover for the adhesive coating 24. This prevents adhesion between turns of the yarn when it is wound onto a bobbin or the like.
- the yarn produced by the process described has a central core and a fluffy sheath of staple fibres.
- Each fibre has the end thereof which was presented to the nip trapped between the strands and the remainder of the fibre is wound in a helical manner around the core. Because each staple fibre is overlapped by a multitude of other staple fibres, the end result is that the core is entirely sheathed by a layer of staple fibres. - 22 -
- the staple fibres of the sheath are secured to the core at intervals along the length of the yarn. This can be achieved by passing the yarn through heated rollers which make contact with the yarn at intervals of, for example, 5mm. As each Individual staple fibre extends for about 40mm along the core, it is thus attached to the core et six to nine locations .
- the resulting yarn as shown in Figure 2, has spaced locations 30 at which the fibres of the sheath are secured to the sheath. Between these locations the fibr ⁇ are spaced outwardly from the sheath leaving spaces between the core and the staple fibres. It is these spaces that the cement fines and hydrates enter when the yarn is used for reinforcing purposes.
- Figure 3 is a diagrammatic cross section which shows the strands 18, 20. It also shows the fibres 26.
- Reference numeral 28 designates crystals that have formed within the fibrous cover constituted by the staple fibres 26. As explained above the product can include an additive which promotes formation of the requisite crystals.
- staple fibres of different types can be used.
- 90% of the staple fibres in a product can be hydrophobic, 5% can be hydrophylllc and 5% can be of resorbable material.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT97902880T ATE251240T1 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE PARTS AND REINFORCED CONCRETE PARTS |
DE69725284T DE69725284T2 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE PARTS AND REINFORCED CONCRETE PARTS |
AU16950/97A AU718617B2 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products |
CA002242899A CA2242899C (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products |
EP97902880A EP0876524B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products |
US09/101,753 US6335087B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA96/0296 | 1996-01-15 | ||
ZA96296 | 1996-01-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997026395A1 true WO1997026395A1 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
WO1997026395A9 WO1997026395A9 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
Family
ID=25585492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/000362 WO1997026395A1 (en) | 1996-01-15 | 1997-01-15 | Reinforcing for concrete products and reinforced concrete products |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0876524B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE251240T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU718617B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69725284T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997026395A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002032602A2 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-04-25 | Donald Henry Hourahane | Manufacture of cellular material |
US6569525B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-05-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Highly dispersible reinforcing polymeric fibers |
US6863969B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2005-03-08 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Fiber-reinforced matrix compositions |
WO2012174414A3 (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-02-28 | Pro Perma Engineered Coatings, Llc | Fiber reinforced concrete |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101986980B1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2019-06-07 | 코르텍스 콤포지츠, 엘엘씨 | Nonwoven cementitious composite for in-situ hydration |
US10221569B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2019-03-05 | Cortex Composites, Inc. | Cementitious composite constituent relationships |
US10167635B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2019-01-01 | Cortex Composites, Inc. | Nonwoven cementitious composite for In-Situ hydration |
US9187902B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2015-11-17 | Cortex Composites, Llc | Nonwoven cementitious composite for in-situ hydration |
CN103993449A (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-20 | 中原工学院 | Combined heating device and method of slashing machine |
DE102015100386A1 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-07-14 | Technische Universität Dresden | Reinforcing rod of filament composite and method for its production |
WO2017079661A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Cortex Composites, Inc. | Cementitious composite mat |
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US4921756A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-05-01 | Springs Industries, Inc. | Fire resistant balanced fine corespun yarn and fabric formed thereof |
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DE2203493B2 (en) * | 1972-01-26 | 1975-05-07 | Portland-Zementwerke Heidelberg Ag, 6900 Heidelberg | Fiber-reinforced lightweight mortar made from hydraulic binders and molded bodies made from them |
DE2753858C3 (en) * | 1977-12-02 | 1980-10-23 | Hermann 7622 Schiltach Schemel | Process for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete moldings and moldings produced by this process |
DE3937196A1 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-16 | Strabag Bau Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ROUGH REINFORCEMENT INSERTS FROM FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS |
JPH06330588A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1994-11-29 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Reinforcement for concrete |
JPH07229022A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-29 | Teijin Ltd | Staple fibers for reinforcing resin or cement |
-
1997
- 1997-01-15 EP EP97902880A patent/EP0876524B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-15 WO PCT/US1997/000362 patent/WO1997026395A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-15 AU AU16950/97A patent/AU718617B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-01-15 DE DE69725284T patent/DE69725284T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-15 AT AT97902880T patent/ATE251240T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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US3596459A (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1971-08-03 | Teijin Ltd | Process of producing a nonstretch or low-stretch composite yarn of super high bulkiness |
US3677318A (en) * | 1968-07-31 | 1972-07-18 | Eduard Glass | Radial tires |
US4698956A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-10-13 | Gentex Corporation | Composite yarn and method for making the same |
US4921756A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-05-01 | Springs Industries, Inc. | Fire resistant balanced fine corespun yarn and fabric formed thereof |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2002032602A2 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-04-25 | Donald Henry Hourahane | Manufacture of cellular material |
WO2002032602A3 (en) * | 2000-08-24 | 2002-06-13 | Donald Henry Hourahane | Manufacture of cellular material |
US6569525B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-05-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Highly dispersible reinforcing polymeric fibers |
US6569526B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-05-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Highly dispersible reinforcing polymeric fibers |
US6758897B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2004-07-06 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Cementitious compositions having highly dispersible polymeric reinforcing fibers |
US6863969B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2005-03-08 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Fiber-reinforced matrix compositions |
WO2012174414A3 (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-02-28 | Pro Perma Engineered Coatings, Llc | Fiber reinforced concrete |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69725284D1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
EP0876524A4 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
AU718617B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
EP0876524A1 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
EP0876524B1 (en) | 2003-10-01 |
DE69725284T2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
ATE251240T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
AU1695097A (en) | 1997-08-11 |
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