WO1997018813A1 - Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase - Google Patents
Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997018813A1 WO1997018813A1 PCT/US1996/018811 US9618811W WO9718813A1 WO 1997018813 A1 WO1997018813 A1 WO 1997018813A1 US 9618811 W US9618811 W US 9618811W WO 9718813 A1 WO9718813 A1 WO 9718813A1
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- piperidine
- cyanobenzyl
- imidazol
- ylethyl
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- 0 CC1CN(*)CC(*)C1 Chemical compound CC1CN(*)CC(*)C1 0.000 description 5
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D233/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/24—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
Definitions
- Ras protein is part of a signalling pathway that links cell surface growth factor receptors to nuclear signals initiating cellular proliferation. Biological and biochemical studies of Ras action indicate that Ras functions like a G-regulatory protein. In the inactive state, Ras is bound to GDP. Upon growth factor receptor activation Ras is induced to exchange GDP for GTP and undergoes a conformational change. The GTP-bound form of Ras propagates the growth
- ras genes are found in many human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, and myeloid leukemias. The protein products of these genes are defective in their GTPase activity and constitutively transmit a growth stimulatory signal.
- Ras C-terminus contains a sequence motif termed a "CAAX” or "Cys-Aaa 1 -Aaa 2 -Xaa” box (Cys is cysteine, Aaa is an aliphatic amino acid, the Xaa is any amino acid) (Willumsen et al, Nature 570:583-586 (1984)).
- this motif serves as a signal sequence for the enzymes farnesyl-protein transferase or
- the Ras protein is one of several proteins that are known to undergo post-translational farnesylation. Other farnesylated proteins include the Ras- related GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, fungal mating factors, the nuclear lamins, and the gamma subunit of transducin. James, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14182 (1994) have identified a peroxisome associated protein Pxf which is also farnesylated. James, et al., have also suggested that there are farnesylated proteins of unknown structure and function in addition to those listed above.
- HMG-CoA reductase the rate limiting enzyme for the production of polyisoprenoids
- farnesyl pyrophosphate the rate limiting enzyme for the production of polyisoprenoids
- Farnesyl-protein transferase utilizes farnesyl pyrophosphate to covalently modify the Cys thiol group of the Ras CAAX box with a farnesyl group (Reiss et al., Cell, 62:81-88 (1990); Schaber et al, J. Biol. Chem., 265: 14701-14704 (1990); Schafer et al., Science, 249: 1133-1139 (1990); Manne et al., Proc. Natl Acad.
- FPTase farnesyl-protein transferase
- the peptide derived inhibitors that have been described are generally cysteine containing molecules that are related to the CAAX motif that is the signal for protein prenylation. (Schaber et al., ibid; Reiss et. al., ibid; Reiss et al., PNAS, 88:732-736 (1991)). Such inhibitors may inhibit protein prenylation while serving as alternate substrates for the farnesyl-protein transferase enzyme, or may be purely competitive inhibitors (U.S.
- farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors are inhibitors of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and are therefore useful in the prevention and therapy of
- the present invention comprises peptidomimetic piperidine, 1,4-dihydropyridine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine compounds which inhibit the farnesyl-protein transferase.
- the compounds of this invention are useful in the inhibition of farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.
- the inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula A: wherein:
- R 1 a , R 1 b and R 1 c are independently selected from:
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl,
- substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
- R 3 is selected from: H;
- R 4 is independently selected from:
- R 5 is independently selected from:
- perfluoroalkyl F, Cl, Br, R 8 O-, R 9 S(O) m -, R 8 C(O)NR 8 -, CN, NO 2 , (R 8 ) 2 N-C-(NR 8 )-, R 8 C(O)-, R 8 OC(O)-, N 3 , -N(R 8 ) 2 , or R 9 OC(O)NR 8 -, and
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from: H; C 1-4 alkyl, C 3 -6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, C 1 -4 perfluoroalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- R 6 and R 7 may be joined in a ring
- R 7 and R 7a may be joined in a ring;
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, benzyl,
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 -6 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, substituted aroyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaroyl, substituted arylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- V is selected from:
- V is not hydrogen if A 1 is S(O)m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(O) m ;
- W is a heterocycle
- n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
- r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen;
- s 1 or 2;
- t is 0 or 1 ; and the dashed lines represent optional double bonds; or an optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- a preferred embodiment of the compounds of this invention is illustrated by the following formula:
- R 1 a and R 1 c are independently selected from: hydrogen, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, R 8 O-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , F or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
- R 1 b is independently selected from:
- R 2 is selected from:
- perfluoroalkyl F, Cl, R 8 O-, R 8 C(O)NR 8 -, CN, NO 2 , (R 8 ) 2 N-C(NR 8 )-, R 8 C(O)-, R 8 OC(O)-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , or R 9 OC(O)NR 8 -, and
- R 5 is selected from:
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, benzyl,
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, substituted aroyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaroyl, substituted arylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- V is selected from:
- heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl,
- W is a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyridonyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- P is 1, 2 or 3;
- q is 0 or 1 ;
- r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen;
- s is 1 or 2;
- t is 1 ; or an optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- R 1 a and R 1 c are independently selected from: hydrogen, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, R 8 O-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , F or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
- R 1b is independently selected from:
- substituent on the substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, R 8 O- and -N(R 8 ) 2 ;
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl,
- substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
- R 3 is selected from: H; ,
- R 4 is independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, benzyl and aryl;
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, substituted aroyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaroyl, substituted arylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- V is selected from:
- heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl,
- V is not hydrogen if A 1 is S(O) m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(O) m ;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- p 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- q is 0 or 1 ; and r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; or an optical isomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- Another preferred embodiment of the compounds of this invention are illustrated by the formula C:
- R 1 a and R 1c are independently selected from: hydrogen, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, R 8 O-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , F or C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
- R 1 b is independently selected from:
- substituent on the substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl is selected from unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heterocycle, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, R 8 O- and -N(R 8 ) 2 ;
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2-8 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, ,
- substituted group is substituted with one or more of: or ,
- R 3 is selected from: H;
- R 4 is independently selected from:
- aryl substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R 8 O-, R 8 C(O)NR 8 -, CN, NO 2 , (R 8 ) 2 N-C(NR 8 )-, R 8 C(O)-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , or R 9 OC(O)NR 8 -, and
- R 5a and R 5b are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl and halogen;
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, benzyl and aryl;
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, substituted aroyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaroyl, substituted arylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- V is selected from:
- a) hyddogen b) heterocycle selected from pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyridonyl, 2- oxopiperidinyl, oxazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, triazolyl and thienyl,
- V is not hydrogen if A 1 is S(O) m and V is not hydrogen if A 1 is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(O) m ;
- n 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, provided that p is not 0 if X is a bond
- q is 0 or 1 ;
- r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; or an optical isomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- R 1 a and R 1 c are independently selected from: hydrogen, C 3 -C 10
- R 1 b is independently selected from:
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, , and -S(O) 2 R 6 , wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
- R 3 is selected from: H;
- R 4 is independently selected from:
- aryl substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R 8 O-, R 8 C(O)NR 8 -, CN, NO 2 , (R 8 ) 2 N-C(NR 8 )-, R 8 C(O)-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , or R 9 OC(O)NR 8 -, and
- R 5a and R 5b are independently hydrogen, ethyl, cyclopropyl or methyl;
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, benzyl and aryl;
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, wherein the substituted alkyl group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- a 1 is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(R 8 )-, or S(O) m ;
- n is 0 or 1 ; provided that n is not 0 if A 1 is a bond, O, -N(R 8 )-, or S(O) m ;
- n 0, 1 or 2;
- p 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
- q is 0 or 1 ; or an optical isomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase are illustrated by the formula E:
- R 1 a and R 1 c are independently selected from: hydrogen, R 8 O-,
- R 1b is independently selected from:
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, , and -S(O) 2 R 6 , wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
- R 3 is selected from: H;
- R 4 is independently selected from:
- aryl substituted aryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, R 8 O-, R 8 C(O)NR 8 -, CN, NO 2 , (R 8 ) 2 N-C(NR 8 )-, R 8 C(O)-, -N(R 8 ) 2 , or R 9 OC(O)NR 8 -, and
- R 5a and R 5b are independently hydrogen, ethyl, cyclopropyl or methyl;
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, benzyl and aryl;
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, wherein the substituted alkyl group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- n 0, 1 or 2;
- p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, provided that p is not 0 if X is a bond
- q is 0 or 1 ; or an optical isomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- R 1 a and R 1 c are independently selected from: hydrogen, C 3 -C 10
- R 1b is independently selected from:
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, , and -S(O) 2 R 6 , wherein the substituted rou is substituted with one or more of:
- R 3 is selected from: H;
- R 5a and R 5b are independently hydrogen, ethyl, cyclopropyl or methyl;
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, benzyl and aryl;
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, wherein the substituted alkyl group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- p 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
- q is 0 or 1 ; or an optical isomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- R 1 a and R 1 c are independently selected from: hydrogen, R 8 O-,
- R 1 b is independently selected from:
- R 2 is selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, , and -S(O) 2 R 6 , wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
- R 3 is selected from: H;
- R 5a and R5b are independently hydrogen, ethyl, cyclopropyl or methyl;
- R 6 , R 7 and R 7a are independently selected from:
- R 8 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, benzyl and aryl;
- R 9 is independently selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl and aryl;
- R 10 is selected from: H; R 8 C(O)-; R 9 S(O) m -; unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -4 alkyl, wherein the substituted alkyl group is substituted with one or two substituents selected from:
- a 1 is selected from: a bond, -C(O)-, O, -N(R 8 )-, or S(O) m ;
- n 0 or 1 ;
- the compounds of the present invention may have asymmetric centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual diastereomers, with all possible isomers, including optical isomers, being included in the present invention.
- any variable e.g. aryl, heterocycle, R 1 a , R 4 etc.
- its definition on each occurence is independent at every other occurence.
- combinations of substituents/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
- alkyl is intended to include both branched and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms; “alkoxy” represents an alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
- Halogen or “halo” as used herein means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
- aryl is intended to mean any stable monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic.
- monocyclic and bicyclic aryl elements include phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, biphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl or
- tricyclic aryl elements include 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl (which is also known as dibenzylsuberyl), 9-fluorenyl and 9,10-dihydroanthracen-9-yl.
- aryl is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbon ring.
- heterocycle or heterocyclic represents a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or stable 8- to 11-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring or stable 13- to 15-membered tricyclic heterocyclic ring, which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
- the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure.
- monocyclic and bicyclic heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl,
- heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine, 9,10-dihydro-4H-3-thia-benzo[f]azulen-4-yl and 9-xanthenyl.
- the 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine moiety has the following structure:
- heterocyclic is a monocyclic or bicyclic moiety.
- heteroaryl is intended to mean any stable monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic carbon ring of up to 7 members in each ring, wherein at least one ring is aromatic and wherein from one to four carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S.
- monocyclic and bicyclic heteroaryl elements include, but are not limited to, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothienyl,
- tricyclic heteroaryl elements include, but are not limited to, 6,1 1-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine.
- heteroaryl is a monocyclic or bicyclic moiety.
- substituted aryl As used herein, the terms “substituted aryl”, “substituted heterocycle” and “substituted cycloalkyl” are intended to include the cyclic group containing from 1 to 3 substitutents in addition to the point of attachment to the rest of the compound.
- Such substitutents are preferably selected from the group which includes but is not limited to F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , NH 2 , N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , NO 2 , CN, (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)O-, -OH, (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)S(O) m -, (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)C(O)NH-, H 2 N-C(NH)-, (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)C(O)-, (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)OC(O)-, N 3 ,(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)OC(O)NH-and C 1 -C 20 alkyl.
- cyclic amine moieties are formed.
- examples of such cyclic moieties include, but are not limited to:
- Such cyclic moieties may optionally include another heteroatom(s).
- heteroatom-containing cyclic amine moieties include, but are not limited to:
- Lines drawn into the ring systems from substituents indicate that the indicated bond may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
- R 1 a and R 1 b are independently selected from: hydrogen, -N(R 8 ) 2 , R 8 C(O)NR 8 - or C 1 -C 6 alkyl which is
- R 2 is selected from:
- R 2 comprises at least one unsubstituted or substituted phenyl.
- R 4 is selected from: hydrogen, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 8 O-, R 9 S(O) m -, CN, NO 2 , R 8 2 N-C(NR 8 )-, R 8 C(O)-, N 3 , -N(R 8 ) 2 , R 9 OC(O)NR 8 - and C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
- R 5 is hydrogen
- R 7b is C 1 -C 6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group.
- R 8 is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl and benzyl.
- a 1 and A 2 are independently selected from: a bond, -C(O)NR 8 -, -NR 8 C(O)-, O, -N(R 8 )-, -S(O) 2 N(R 8 )- and- N(R 8 )S(O) 2 -.
- V is selected from hydrogen, heterocycle and aryl.
- W is imidazolyl.
- n, p and r are independently 0, 1 , or 2.
- t is 1.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention as formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like: and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
- -N(R 8 ) 2 represents -NH 2 , -NHCH 3 , -NHC 2 H 5 , etc. It is understood that substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable and that can be readily synthesized by techniques known in the art, as well as those methods set forth below, from readily available starting materials.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
- the salts are prepared either by ion exchange
- the compounds of this invention are prepared by:
- the monocarboxylic acid 2 can be treated with an appropriately substituted amine in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent, such as EDC/HOBT, and the like, to provide the 5-carboxynipecotamide 3.
- a suitable coupling reagent such as EDC/HOBT, and the like.
- the suitably substituted 5-carboxynipecotamide is then deprotected and the piperidine nitrogen can then be reductively alkylated to provide intermediate 4.
- the remaining ester moiety is saponified and then similarly functionalized with another suitably substituted amine to provide the bisamidopiperidine 5.
- the monocarboxylic acid 2 can undergo a Curtius rearrangment to provide the piperidine 6 after catalytic reduction. Subsequent amide formation provides intermediate 7, which is then subjected to the reactions illustrated in Scheme 1 to provide compound 8 of the instant invention.
- the instant invention also includes 1,4-dihydropyridine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine analogs of the piperidine compounds whose syntheses are described above.
- Scheme 4 illustrates the synthetic route to the intermediates 11 and 13 which correspond to the saturated ring intermedate 2 illustrated in Scheme 1.
- the appropriately substituted pyridine may be N-alkylated to provide the quaternary intermediate 9.
- Subsequent reduction of this intermediate provides the 1 ,4-dihydropyridine 10, which can be selectively hydrolized to the key intermediate 11.
- the 1 ,4-dihydropyridine 10 can be further reduced to provide the enantiomeric mixture of
- Schemes 5-7 illustrate the syntheses of 1,3-disubstituted piperidines of the instant invention wherein the "X" moiety is other than an amido moiety.
- the reactions illustrated therein may be modified by using appropriate protecting groups and reagents well known to one skilled in the art to provide 1,3,5-trisubstituted piperidines of the instant invention.
- Scheme 5 illustrates the syntheses of compounds of the instant invention wherein "X" is -S- or -SO 2 -.
- a racemic nipecotate 14 can be resolved by the selective crystallization of chiral tartrate salts and is then reductively alkylated to provide the ester 15.
- Intermediate 15 is reduced to the alcohol 16, activated and treated with a suitable solvent
- the thioacetate to provide the thioester 17.
- the thiol is then generated and may be alkylated and optionally oxidized to provide compounds 18 and 19 of the instant invention.
- the intermediate 16 may be selectively oxidized back to an aldehyde, which can then be utilized to reductively alkylate a suitably substituted amine to provide the instant compound 20.
- the secondary amine of 20 can be further functionalized as illustrated.
- the activated alcohol can also be reacted with a suitably substituted imidazolyl to provide compounds of the instant invention wherein "X" is a bond, as shown in Scheme 7.
- Scheme 8 illustrates the syntheses of compounds of the instant invention wherein R 2 is an aryl moiety.
- R Sc CH 2 - is R 2 or a protected precursor thereof; and R Sb - is R 6 or a protected precusor thereof; and
- R- is a "substituent" or a protected precusor thereof.
- the selectively protected intermediate 20 utilized in the synthesis illustrated in Scheme 9 can be reductively alkylated with a variety of aldehydes, such as 21.
- the aldehydes can be prepared by standard procedures, such as that described by O. P. Goel, U. Krolls, M. Stier and S. Kesten in Organic Syntheses, 1988, 67, 69-75.
- the reductive alkylation can be accomplished at pH 5-7 with a variety of reducing agents, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent such as dichloroethane, methanol or dimethylformamide.
- the ester product 22 can be deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride to give the substituted diamine 23.
- That diamine may be isolated in the salt form, for example, as a trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride or acetate salt, among others.
- the product diamine 23 can be further selectively protected and reductively alkylated with a second aldehyde to obtain an analogous tertiary amine.
- the diamine 23 can be cyclized to obtain intermediates such as the dihydroimidazole 24 by procedures known in the literature.
- the ester 24 can then be utilized in a reaction such as illustrated in Scheme 3 hereinabove or can be converted to the amine 26, via the azido intermediate 25. That amine can then be utilized in reactions such as illustrated in Scheme 1.
- Scheme 10 illustrates preparation of aralkyl imidazolyl intermediates 31 that can be utilized in reactions such as illustrated in Scheme 3.
- imidazole acetic acid 27 can be converted to the protected acetate 29 by standard procedures, and 29 can be first reacted with an alkyl halide, then treated with refluxing methanol to provide the regiospecifically alkylated imidazole acetic acid ester 30. Hydrolysis provides the acetic acid 31.
- intermediate 31 can be converted into the homologous amine 34 via the azido intermediate 33, as shown in
- the Boc protected phthalimidyl alcohol 39 can also be utilized to synthesize 2-aziridinylmethylamines such as 42 (Scheme 13). Treating 39 with 1,1'-sulfonyldiimidazole and sodium hydride in a solvent such as dimethylformamide led to the formation of aziridine 42. The aziridine may then be reacted in the presence of a nucleophile, such as a thiol, in the presence of base to yield, after deprotection, the ring- opened intermediate amine 43.
- a nucleophile such as a thiol
- amines such as 48 derived from amino acids such as O-alkylated tyrosines can be prepared according to standard procedures as shown in Scheme 14. Illustrated is a procedure where the amine moiety is derived from the azide of an intermediate such as 47.
- Schemes 15-18 illustrate syntheses of suitably substituted alkanols useful in the syntheses of the instant compounds wherein the variable W is present as a pyridyl moiety.
- the hydroxyl moiety of such intermediates may be converted into the corresponding amine, as illustrated in Scheme 15 or may be converted to a suitable leaving group, as illustrated in Scheme 17.
- Similar synthetic strategies for preparing alkanols that incorporate other heterocyclic moieties for variable W are also well known in the art.
- Scheme 20 illustrates synthesis of an instant compound wherein a non-hydrogen R 5 b is incorporated in the instant compound.
- a readily available 4-substituted imidazole 53 may be selectively iodinated to provide the 5-iodoimidazole 54. That imidazole may then be protected and coupled to a suitably substituted benzyl moiety to provide intermediate 55. Intermediate 55 can then undergo the alkylation reactions that were described hereinabove.
- R' is R 1 a or a protected precursor thereof
- R' is (R 4 ) r -V- or a protected precursor thereol
- R'CH 2 - is R 8 or a protected precursor thereof
- the instant compounds are useful as pharmaceutical agents for mammals, especially for humans. These compounds may be administered to patients for use in the treatment of cancer. Examples of the type of cancer which may be treated with the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, myeloid leukemias and neurological tumors.
- Such tumors may arise by mutations in the ras genes themselves, mutations in the proteins that can regulate Ras activity (i.e.,
- NF-1 neurofibromin
- neu neu
- ser ser
- ab1 ser
- ab1 ser
- lck ab1
- fyn fyn
- the compounds of the instant invention inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.
- the instant compounds may also inhibit tumor angiogenesis, thereby affecting the growth of tumors (J. Rak et al. Cancer Research, 55:4575-4580 (1995)).
- the compounds of this invention are also useful for inhibiting other proliferative diseases, both benign and malignant, wherein Ras proteins are aberrantly activated as a result of oncogenic mutation in other genes (i.e., the Ras gene itself is not activated by mutation to an oncogenic form) with said inhibition being accomplished by the administration of an effective amount of the compounds of the invention to a mammal in need of such treatment.
- a component of NF-1 is a benign proliferative disorder.
- the instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment of certain viral infections, in particular in the treatment of hepatitis delta and related viruses (J.S. Glenn et al. Science, 256: 1331-1333 (1992).
- the compounds of the instant invention are also useful in the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by inhibiting neointimal formation (C. Indolfi et al. Nature medicine, 1 :541-545(1995).
- the instant compounds may also be useful in the treatment and prevention of poly cystic kidney disease (D.L. Schaffner et al. American Journal of Pathology, 142:1051-1060 (1993) and B. Cowley, Jr. et al.FASEB Journal, 2:A3160 (1988)).
- the instant compounds may also be useful for the treatment of fungal infections.
- the compounds of this invention may be administered to mammals, preferably humans, either alone or, preferably, in
- the compounds can be administered orally or parenterally, including the intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal and topical routes of administration.
- the selected compound may be administered, for example, in the form of tablets or capsules, or as an aqueous solution or suspension.
- carriers which are commonly used include lactose and com starch, and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are commonly added.
- useful diluents include lactose and dried com starch.
- the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavoring agents may be added.
- sterile solutions of the active ingredient are usually prepared, and the pH of the solutions should be suitably adjusted and buffered.
- the total concentration of solutes should be controlled in order to render the preparation isotonic.
- the present invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of cancer, comprising the
- compositions of this invention include aqueous solutions comprising compounds of this invention and pharmacologically acceptable carriers, e.g., saline, at a pH level, e.g., 7.4.
- pharmacologically acceptable carriers e.g., saline
- the solutions may be introduced into a patient's intramuscular blood-stream by local bolus injection.
- composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specific amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specific ingredients in the specified amounts.
- the daily dosage will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms.
- a suitable amount of compound is administered to a mammal undergoing treatment for cancer.
- Administration occurs in an amount between about 0.1 mg/kg of body weight to about 60 mg/kg of body weight per day, preferably of between 0.5 mg/kg of body weight to about 40 mg/kg of body weight per day.
- the compounds of the instant invention are also useful as a component in an assay to rapidly determine the presence and quantity of farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) in a composition.
- FPTase farnesyl-protein transferase
- composition to be tested may be divided and the two
- mixtures which comprise a known substrate of FPTase (for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus) and farnesyl pyrophosphate and, in one of the mixtures, a compound of the instant invention.
- FPTase for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus
- farnesyl pyrophosphate for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus
- the chemical content of the assay mixtures may be determined by well known
- inhibitors of FPTase absence or quantitative reduction of the amount of substrate in the assay mixture without the compound of the instant invention relative to the presence of the unchanged substrate in the assay containing the instant compound is indicative of the presence of FPTase in the composition to be tested.
- potent inhibitor compounds of the instant invention may be used in an active site titration assay to determine the quantity of enzyme in the sample.
- a series of samples composed of aliquots of a tissue extract containing an unknown amount of farnesyl-protein transferase, an excess amount of a known substrate of FPTase (for example a tetrapeptide having a cysteine at the amine terminus) and farnesyl pyrophosphate are incubated for an appropriate period of time in the presence of varying concentrations of a compound of the instant invention.
- the concentration of a sufficiently potent inhibitor i.e., one that has a Ki substantially smaller than the
- concentration of enzyme in the assay vessel required to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the sample by 50% is approximately equal to half of the concentration of the enzyme in that particular sample.
- Step B Preparation of Piperidine-cis, trans-3,5-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
- Piperidine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (7.11 g, 29.9 mmol) was dissolved in THF (60 mL) and H 2 O (60 mL).
- Sodium bicarbonate (13.81 g, 0.164 mol) was added followed by di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (9.79 g, 44.9 mmol).
- the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 hrs.
- the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the solution was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3 ⁇ 100 mL). The combined CH 2 Cl 2 layers were washed with brine and dried (MgSO 4 ).
- Step D Preparation of 1-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)-cis-3- methoxycarbonyl-piperidine-5-carboxylic acid
- NY-Pivaloyloxymethyl-N ⁇ -phthaloylhistamine (4.55 g, 12.8 mmol) was prepared as previously described (J. C. Emmett, F. H.
- the volume of the filtrate was reduced to 10 mL, the solution was heated at 55°C for 1 hr, then cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc (25 mL) and filtered to obtain additional white solid. The solids were combined, dried, and used without further purification.
- Step F Preparation of 1-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)-cis-3-methoxycarbonyl-5-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5- ylethyl)carbonyl]-piperidine
- Step D Following the procedure of Steps D-F but substituting the 1-(t-butoxycarbonyl)piperidine-trans-3,5-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester prepared as described in Step C for the 1-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)piperidine-cis-3,5-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester utilized in Step D provided 1-(t- butoxycarbonyl)-trans-3-methoxy-carbonyl-5-[N-(1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl]-piperidine.
- Step A Preparation of cis-3-Methoxycarbonyl-5-[N-(1-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine
- Step B Preparation of 1-Phenethyl-cis-3-methoxycarbonyl-5-[N- (1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine
- N-[1-Phenethyl-cis-5-(N'-(4-cyanobenzyl-1 -imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl) piperidine-3-carbonyl] methionine methyl ester (19 mg, 0.030 mmol) was dissolved in THF (2 mL) and H 2 O (1 mL). A IN solution of LiOH•H 2 O (30.1 ⁇ L, 0.030 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred overnight at ambient temperature.
- the solution was purified on a RP HPLC VYDAC column (0.1% TFA in CH 3 CN: 0.1 % TFA in H 2 O, 5:95 to 95:5 gradient) and lyophilized to give the title compound as cis diastereomers.
- FAB MS 617 (M+1)
- the solution was heated at 90°C for 4 h.
- the solution was diluted with EtOAc and was washed with Sat. NaHCO3 solution, water, and brine.
- the organics were dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound without further purification.
- Step C Preparation of 1H-Imidazole-4- acetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
- Step D Preparation of 1-(Triphenylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-4-ylacetic acid methyl ester
- Step E Preparation of [1-(4-Cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid methyl ester
- Step F Preparation of [1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid A solution of [1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid methyl ester (4.44g, 17.4mmol ) in THF (100ml) and 1 M lithium hydroxide (17.4 ml, 17.4 mmol) was stirred at RT for 18 hr. 1 M HCl (17.4 ml) was added and the THF was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The aqueous solution was lyophilized to afford the title
- Step G Preparation of 1-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)-cis-3-methoxycarbonyl-5-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5- yl)acetylamino]-piperidine
- Step B Preparation of 1-Phenethyl-cis-3-methoxycarbonyl-5-[N- (1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)acetylamino] piperidine
- Step A Preparation of 1 -(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3-carboxy piperidine
- Nipecotic acid 300 mg, 2.38 mmol
- diphenylacetaldehyde (1.26 mL, 7.13 mmol)
- sodium cyanoborohydride 448 mg, 7.13 mmol
- HOAc 204 uL, 3.57 mmol
- MeOH MeOH (20 mL)
- the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, take up in ether and 1N NaOH, extract with ether (3X), acidify the aqueous layer with 1N HCl, and extract with EtOAc (3X).
- the EtOAc layers were dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated to give the title compound without further purification.
- Step B Preparation of 1 -(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3-[N-(1-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3-carboxy piperidine(472 mg, 1,52 mmol),3-(4-cyanobenzyl) histamine (456 mg, 1.52 mmol) (EXAMPLE 1, Step E) HOBT (216 mg, 1.60 mmol), EDC (307 mg, 1.60 mmol), and Et3N (637 uL, 4.57 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and was stirred overnight at ambient temperature.
- Step A Preparation of S-(-)-Ethyl nipecotate
- Step D Preparation of 1-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-3(S)-[N- 1- (4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine
- 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)piperidine-3(S)-carboxylic acid 5.06 g, 0.022 mol
- 3-(4-cyanobenzyl)histamine Example 1 , Step E
- Step E Preparation of 3(S)-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazole-5- ethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine dihydrochloride
- Step F Preparation of 2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl oxirane
- Step H Preparation of 1-(2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-phenylethyl)-3- (S)-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5- ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine
- Step A Preparation of Ethyl 1-[2-(2-pyridyl)-2-phenyl-2- hydroxyethyl] piperidine-3(S)- carboxylate
- Step B Preparation of 1-[2-(2-Pyridyl)-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl] piperidine-3(S)- carboxylic acid
- Step C Preparation of 1-[2-(2-Pyridyl)-2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl]- 3(S)-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5- ylethy l)carbamoyl] piperidine
- Step B Preparation of 1-(2-Pyridylethyl) piperidine-3(S)- carboxylic acid
- Step C Preparation of 1-(2-Pyridylethyl)-3(S)-[N-(1-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine Following the procedure of Example 15, Step C, the title compound was prepared. FAB MS (M+1) 413.
- Step B Preparation of 1-Phenyl-(S)- piperidine carboxylic acid
- Step C Preparation of 1-Phenyl-3(S)-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H- imidazol-5-ylethyl)carbamoyl] piperidine
- Step C Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-tosyloxymethyl- piperidine
- 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-hydroxymethyl-piperidine (1.01 g, 3.41 mmol) was dissolved in dry pyridine (25 mL) and tosyl chloride (0.684 g, 3.58 mmol) was added to the solution After stirring at ambient temperature for 18 hr, the solution was concentrated, the residue taken up in EtOAc, washed with sat. NaHCO 3 solution, H 2 O, brine, and dried (MgSO 4 ). Filtration and concentration gave the title compound without further purification.
- Step D Preparation of 1 -(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)- acetylthiomethyl-piperidine
- Step D Preparation of the disulfide of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)- mercaptomethyl-piperidine
- Step E Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)- mercaptomethyl-piperidine
- the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a volume (100 mL), reheated at 60 °C for another 2hrs, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a pale yellow solid. All of the solid material was combined, dissolved in methanol (500mL), and warmed to 60 °C. After 2hrs, the solution was concentrated in vacuo to provide a white solid which was triturated with hexane to remove soluble materials. Removal of residual solvents in vacuo provided the titled product hydrobromide as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification.
- the material was sufficiently pure to be used without further
- Step K Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-[N-(1-(4- cyanobenzyl)- H-imidazol-5-ylethylthiomethyl] piperidine 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-mercaptomethyl-piperidine (0.322 mmol), 1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-(chloromethyl)-imidazole (0.1 17 g, 0.386 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (0.168 mL, 0.966 mmol) were dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (10mL) and refluxed overnight.
- Step A Preparation of 1-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-3(S)-[N-(1-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)-N-methylcarbamoyl] piperidine
- Step B Preparation of 1-3(S)-[N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazole- 5-ethyl)-N-methylcarbamoyl] piperidine
- Step C Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-[N-1-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)-N-methylcarbamoyl] piperidine
- Step B Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-[N-(1- (cyanobenzy1)-1H-imidazol-5-ylethyl)aminomethyl]- piperidine
- Step B Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-[5-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl] piperidine bis trifluoroacetate bistrifluoroacetate
- Step C Preparation of 1-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)-3(S)-[5-(4- cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-1-ylethylcarbamoyl] piperdine
- Bovine FPTase was assayed in a volume of 100 ⁇ l containing 100 mM N-(2-hydroxy ethyl) piperazine-N'-(2-ethane sulfonic acid) (HEPES), pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 100 mM [3H]-farnesyl diphosphate ([ 3 H]-FPP; 740 CBq/mmol, New England Nuclear), 650 nM Ras-CVLS and 10 ⁇ g/ml FPTase at 31 °C for 60 min. Reactions were initiated with FPTase and stopped with 1 ml of 1.0 M HCL in ethanol.
- Precipitates were collected onto filter-mats using a TomTec Mach II cell harvestor, washed with 100% ethanol, dried and counted in an LKB ⁇ -plate counter.
- the assay was linear with respect to both substrates, FPTase levels and time; less than 10% of the [ 3 H]-FPP was utilized during the reaction period.
- Purified compounds were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were diluted 20-fold into the assay. Percentage inhibition is measured by the amount of
- Human FPTase was prepared as described by Omer et al., Biochemistry 32:5167-5176 (1993). Human FPTase activity was assayed as described above with the exception that 0.1% (w/v)
- polyethylene glycol 20,000, 10 ⁇ M ZnCl 2 and 100 nM Ras-CVIM were added to the reaction mixture. Reactions were performed for 30 min., stopped with 100 ⁇ l of 30% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in ethanol and processed as described above for the bovine enzyme.
- TCA trichloroacetic acid
- the cell line used in this assay is a v-ras line derived from either Ratl or NIH3T3 cells, which expressed viral Ha-ras p21.
- the assay is performed essentially as described in DeClue, J.E. et al., Cancer Research 51:712-717. (1991). Cells in 10 cm dishes at 50-75%
- the cells are labelled in 3 ml methionine-free DMEM supple-meted with 10% regular DMEM, 2% fetal bovine serum and 400 mCi[ 35 S]methionine (1000 Ci/mmol).
- the cells are lysed in 1 ml lysis buffer (1% NP40/20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl 2 /1mM DTT/ 10 mg/ml aprotinen/2 mg/ml leupeptin/2 mg/ml antipain/0.5 mM PMSF) and the lysates cleared by centrifugation at 100,000 ⁇ g for 45 min. Aliquots of lysates containing equal numbers of acid-precipitable counts are bought to 1 ml with IP buffer (lysis buffer lacking DTT) and immunoprecipitated with the ras-specific monoclonal antibody Y13-259 (Furth, M.E. et al., J. Virol.
- Rat 1 cells transformed with either v-ras, v-raf, or v-mos are seeded at a density of 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells per plate (35 mm in diameter) in a 0.3% top agarose layer in medium A (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum) over a bottom agarose layer (0.6%). Both layers contain 0.1 % methanol or an appropriate concentration of the instant compound (dissolved in methanol at 1000 times the final concentration used in the assay).
- the cells are fed twice weekly with 0.5 ml of medium A containing 0.1 % methanol or the concentration of the instant compound.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP9519941A JP2000500502A (en) | 1995-11-22 | 1996-11-18 | Farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitor |
EP96942798A EP0862435A4 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 1996-11-18 | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase |
AU11626/97A AU704139B2 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 1996-11-18 | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase |
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US749895P | 1995-11-22 | 1995-11-22 | |
US60/007,498 | 1995-11-22 | ||
GBGB9604311.2A GB9604311D0 (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1996-02-29 | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase |
GB9604311.2 | 1996-02-29 |
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WO1997018813A1 true WO1997018813A1 (en) | 1997-05-29 |
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EP (1) | EP0862435A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000500502A (en) |
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WO (1) | WO1997018813A1 (en) |
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AU704139B2 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
AU1162697A (en) | 1997-06-11 |
EP0862435A4 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
CA2238081A1 (en) | 1997-05-29 |
JP2000500502A (en) | 2000-01-18 |
EP0862435A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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