WO1997009861A1 - Inertial vibration transducers - Google Patents
Inertial vibration transducers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997009861A1 WO1997009861A1 PCT/GB1996/002160 GB9602160W WO9709861A1 WO 1997009861 A1 WO1997009861 A1 WO 1997009861A1 GB 9602160 W GB9602160 W GB 9602160W WO 9709861 A1 WO9709861 A1 WO 9709861A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bender
- panel
- mass
- inertial vibration
- vibration transducer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003462 Bender reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=C)C#N MWCLLHOVUTZFKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N captan Chemical compound C1C=CCC2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C(=O)C21 LDVVMCZRFWMZSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 card Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
Definitions
- the invention relates to transducers and more particularly to vibration transducers for loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements.
- a panel-form loudspeaker comprising:- a resonant multi-mode radiator element being a unitary sandwich panel formed of two skins of material with a spacing core of transverse cellular construction, wherein the panel is such as to have ratio of bending stiffness (B) , in all orientations, to the cube power of panel mass per unit surface area ( ⁇ ) of at least 10; a mounting means which supports the panel or attaches to it a supporting body, in a free undamped manner; and an electro-mechanical drive means coupled to the panel which serves to excite a multi-modal resonance in the radiator panel in response to an electrical input within a working frequency band for the loudspeaker.
- B bending stiffness
- ⁇ cube power of panel mass per unit surface area
- Embodiments of the present invention use members of nature, structure and configuration achievable generally and/or specifically by implementing teachings of our co- pending PCT application no. (our case P.5711) of even date herewith.
- Such members thus have capability to sustain and propagate input vibrational energy by bending waves in operative area(s) extending transversely of thickness often but not necessarily to edges of the member(s); are configured with or without anisotropy of bending stiffness to have resonant mode vibration components distributed over said area(s) beneficially for acoustic coupling with ambient air; and have predetermined preferential locations or sites within said area for transducer means, particularly operationally active or moving part(s) thereof effective in relation to acoustic vibrational activity in said area(s) and signals, usually electrical, corresponding to acoustic content of such vibrational activity.
- This invention is particularly concerned with active acoustic devices in the form of loudspeakers.
- the present invention provides an inertial vibration transducer characterised by a plate-like piezo-electric bender and means adapted to mount the bender on a member to be vibrated, the arrangement being such that a substantial part of the bender is spaced from the member for movement relative thereto. A mass may be secured to the said substantial part of the bender.
- the bender may be of crystalline form.
- the bender may be disc-like, the mounting means may be disposed centrally thereof, and the mass may be secured to the periphery of the bender.
- the peripheral margin of the disc-like bender may be fixed to the member, and the mass may be secured to the centre of the bender.
- a resilient member may be employed to attach the mass to the bender.
- Benders as described above may be attached to opposite sides of the member to be vibrated and coupled together by a common mass to operate in push/pull mode.
- the invention is a loudspeaker having a distributed mode acoustic radiator, characterised by a transducer as described above coupled to vibrate the radiator.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing a distributed-mode loudspeaker as described and claimed in our co-pending International application No. (our case P.5711);
- Figure 2g is a partial section on the line A-A of Figure 1;
- Figure 2b is an enlarged cross-section through a distributed mode radiator of the kind shown in Figure 2a. and showing two alternative constructions;
- Figure 3 is a diagram of a first embodiment of transducer
- Figure 4 is a diagram of a second embodiment of transducer
- Figure 5 is a diagram of a third embodiment of transducer.
- a transducer (9) e.g as described in detail with reference to our co-pending International applications Nos. (our cases P.5683/4/5) of even date herewith, is mounted wholly and exclusively on or in the panel (2) at a predetermined location defined by dimensions x and y_, the position of which location is calculated as described in our co-pending International application No. (our case P.5711) of even date herewith, to launch bending waves into the panel to cause the panel to resonate to radiate an acoustic output.
- the transducer (9) is driven by a signal amplifier
- ⁇ conventional cone ⁇ type speakers sensitivity being of the ⁇ / order of 86 /- 88dB/watt under room loaded conditions.
- Amplifier load impedance is largery ⁇ xe ⁇ s ⁇ stive at 6 ohms, power handling 20-80 watts.
- the panel core and/or skins are of metal, they may be made to act as a heat sink for the transducer to remove heat from the motor coil of the transducer and thus improve power handling.
- Figures 2a and 2b are partial typical cross-sections through the loudspeaker (81) of Figure 1.
- Figure 2a shows that the frame (1), surround (3) and panel (2) are connected together by respective adhesive-bonded joints (20) .
- Suitable materials for the frame include lightweight framing, e.g. picture framing of extruded metal e.g. aluminium alloy or plastics.
- Suitable surround materials include resilient materials such as foam rubber and foam plastics.
- Suitable adhesives for the joints (20) include epoxy, acrylic and cyano-acrylate etc. adhesives.
- Figure 2b illustrates, to an enlarged scale, that the panel (2) is a rigid lightweight panel having a core (22) e.g. of a rigid plastics foam (97) e.g.
- cross linked polyvinylchloride or a cellular matrix i.e. a honeycomb matrix of metal foil, plastics or the like, with the cells extending transversely to the plane of the panel, and enclosed by opposed skins (21) e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
- skins e.g. of paper, card, plastics or metal foil or sheet.
- the skins may be reinforced with fibres e.g. of carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM) or the like in a manner known per se to increase their modulus.
- Envisaged skin layer materials and reinforcements thus include carbon, glass, Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM) i.e. aramid etc. fibres in various lays and weaves, as well as paper, bonded paper laminates, melamine, and various synthetic plastics films of high modulus, such as Mylar (RTM) , Kaptan (RTM) , polycarbonate, phenolic, polyester or related plastics, and fibre reinforced plastics, etc. and metal sheet or foil.
- Investigation of the Vectra grade of liquid crystal polymer thermoplastics shows that they may be useful for the injection moulding of ultra thin skins or shells of smaller size, say up to around 30cm diameter. This material self forms an orientated crystal structure in the direction of injection, a preferred orientation for the good propagation of treble energy from the driving point to the panel perimeter.
- thermoplastics allow for the mould tooling to carry location and registration features such as grooves or rings for the accurate location of transducer parts e.g. the motor coil, and the magnet suspension. Additional with some weaker core materials it is calculated that it would be advantageous to increase the skin thickness locally e.g. in an area or annulus up to 150% of the transducer diameter, to reinforce that area and beneficially couple vibration energy into the panel. High frequency response will be improved with the softer foam materials by this means.
- Envisaged core layer materials include fabricated honeycombs or corrugations of aluminium alloy sheet or foil, or Kevlar (RTM), Nomex (RTM), plain or bonded papers, and various synthetic plastics films, as well as expanded or foamed plastics or pulp materials, even aerogel metals if of suitably low density.
- Some suitable core layer materials effectively exhibit usable self-skinning in their manufacture and/or otherwise have enough inherent stiffness for use without lamination between skin layers.
- a high performance cellular core material is known under the trade name 'Rohacell' which may be suitable as a radiator panel and which is without skins. In practical terms, the aim is for an overall lightness and stiffness suited to a particular purpose, specifically including optimising contributions from core and skin layers and transitions between them.
- piezo and electro dynamic transducers have negligible electromagnetic radiation or stray magnet fields.
- Conventional speakers have a large magnetic field, up to 1 metre distant unless specific compensation counter measures are taken.
- electrical connection can be made to the conductive parts of an appropriate DML panel or an electrically conductive foam or similar interface may be used for the edge mounting.
- the suspension (3) may damp the edges of the panel (2) to prevent excessive edge movement of the panel. Additionally or alternatively, further damping may be applied, e.g. as patches, bonded to the panel in selected positions to damp excessive movement to distribute resonance equally over the panel.
- the patches may be of bitumen-based material, as commonly used in conventional loudspeaker enclosures or may be of a resilient or rigid polymeric sheet material. Some materials, notably paper and card, and some cores may be self-damping. Where desired, the damping may be increased in the construction of the panels by employing resiliently setting, rather than rigid setting adhesives.
- Effective said selective damping includes specific application to the panel including its sheet material of means permanently associated therewith. Edges and corners can be particularly significant for dominant and less dispersed low frequency vibration modes of panels hereof. Edge-wise fixing of damping means can usefully lead to a panel with its said sheet material fully framed, though their corners can often be relatively free, say for desired extension to lower frequency operation. Attachment can be by adhesive or self-adhesive materials. Other forms of useful damping, particularly in terms of more subtle effects and/or mid- and higher frequencies can be by way of suitable mass or masses affixed to the sheet material at predetermined effective medial localised positions of said area.
- An acoustic panel as described above is bi ⁇ directional.
- the sound energy from the back is not strongly phase related to that from the front. Consequently there is the benefit of overall summation of acoustic power in the room, sound energy of uniform frequency distribution, reduced reflective and standing wave effects and with the advantage of superior reproduction of the natural space and ambience in the reproduced sound recordings.
- Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of piezo-electric transducer (9) in which a crystalline disc-like piezo bender (27) is mounted at its centre on one end of a lightweight rigid cylindrical block (93) of rigid foam plastics which is rigidly fixed in an aperture (20) in a distributed mode radiator panel (2) e.g. by means of an adhesive, the said one end of the block (28) projecting from the face of the panel (2) so that the periphery (31) of the bender (27) is freely suspended adjacent to a face of the panel (2) .
- the transducer (9) may be covered by a domed housing (26) which is fixed to the panel
- the piezo-electric transducer (9) of Figure 4 comprises a disc-like piezo bender (27) fixedly mounted by its periphery (31) on the surface of a panel (2) e.g. with the aid of an adhesive, with the central portion of the bender (27) freely suspended over a cavity (29) in the panel (2) such that only the periphery (31) of the bender (27) is in contact with the panel.
- a mass (25) e.g. of plastics material is attached to the centre of the bender (27) with the interposition of a damping pad (30) of resilient material, e.g. of an elastic polymer.
- an acoustic signal applied to the piezo bender will cause the bender to vibrate and thus to launch bending waves into the panel.
- the drive effect of the transducer is enhanced by loading the driver (27) with the mass (25) to increase its inertia.
- the transducer arrangement (9) of Figure 5 is similar to that of Figure 4 except that in this embodiment a pair of piezo benders (27) are attached on opposite sides of a cavity (29) through a panel (2) to operate in push/pull mode.
- the centres of both benders (27) are connected together by a common mass (25) with resilient damping pads (30) positioned between each bender (27) and the mass (25).
- transducers of the invention are relatively simply in construction and are effective in use.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (21)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RO98-00640A RO119056B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducer and loudspeaker for using the same |
AT96929401T ATE179045T1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | INERTIAL VIBRATION TRANSDUCER |
CZ98574A CZ57498A3 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration converter |
IL12337496A IL123374A (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
SK255-98A SK25598A3 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
DE69602102T DE69602102T2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | INERTIAL VIBRATOR |
EA199800254A EA000858B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
ES96929401T ES2131958T3 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | INERTIAL VIBRATION TRANSDUCERS. |
CA002229857A CA2229857A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
BR9610428-7A BR9610428A (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
DK96929401T DK0847677T3 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducer |
TR1998/00365T TR199800365T1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers. |
NZ316558A NZ316558A (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
EP96929401A EP0847677B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
AU68816/96A AU703198B2 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
PCT/GB1996/002160 WO1997009861A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
JP9510961A JPH11512256A (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducer |
PL96325246A PL325246A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducer |
HU9901393A HUP9901393A3 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
MXPA/A/1998/001441A MXPA98001441A (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1998-02-23 | Transducers of vibrations inertia |
HK98109440A HK1008638A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1998-07-28 | Inertial vibration transducers |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9517918.0A GB9517918D0 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1995-09-02 | Acoustic device |
GB9517918.0 | 1995-09-02 | ||
GBGB9522281.6A GB9522281D0 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | Acoustic device |
GB9522281.6 | 1995-10-31 | ||
GBGB9606836.6A GB9606836D0 (en) | 1996-03-30 | 1996-03-30 | Acoustic device |
GB9606836.6 | 1996-03-30 | ||
PCT/GB1996/002160 WO1997009861A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997009861A1 true WO1997009861A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
Family
ID=34865247
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1996/002160 WO1997009861A1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 1996-09-02 | Inertial vibration transducers |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0847677B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH11512256A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE179045T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU703198B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9610428A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2229857A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ57498A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69602102T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0847677T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA000858B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2131958T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1008638A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP9901393A3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL123374A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ316558A (en) |
PL (1) | PL325246A1 (en) |
RO (1) | RO119056B1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK25598A3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR199800365T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997009861A1 (en) |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998042536A1 (en) * | 1997-03-22 | 1998-10-01 | New Transducers Limited | Passenger vehicles incorporating loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
WO1998052383A1 (en) * | 1997-05-10 | 1998-11-19 | New Transducers Limited | Vibration transducers for resonant panel-form loudspeaker and loudspeaker with the same |
WO1999002012A1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 1999-01-14 | New Transducers Limited | Panel-form loudspeakers |
EP0924959A2 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-06-23 | NOKIA TECHNOLOGY GmbH | Sound reproduction arrangement |
WO1999052322A1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | New Transducers Limited | Acoustic device |
WO1999060819A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems Gmbh | Sound reproduction device working according to the bending wave principle |
WO1999060820A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems Gmbh | Driver for a flat acoustic panel |
EP0987922A2 (en) * | 1998-09-19 | 2000-03-22 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems GmbH | Multi-resonant panel |
US6304435B1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2001-10-16 | Acer Incorporated | Laptop computer with flat panel speakers |
US6324294B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2001-11-27 | New Transducers Limited | Passenger vehicles incorporating loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
US6411723B1 (en) | 1998-06-22 | 2002-06-25 | Slab Technology Limited | Loudspeakers |
WO2008145949A1 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | New Transducers Limited | Audio apparatus |
US7635941B2 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2009-12-22 | New Transducers Limited | Transducer |
DE102009048866A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-03 | Bösnecker, Robert, Dr. | Device for vibration stimulation of diaphragms or diaphragm-type materials showing frequencies in audio range of humans, has electrical change signal partly converted in mechanical motion, where converter possess hole or opening |
DE102015104478A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-09-29 | Bruno Winter | Flat speaker |
US9564146B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-02-07 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing in deep diving environment |
US9615189B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-04-04 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Artificial ear apparatus and associated methods for generating a head related audio transfer function |
US9615813B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 | 2017-04-11 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | Device for wide-band auscultation |
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US9638672B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2017-05-02 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for acquiring acoustic information from a resonating body |
US9741355B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2017-08-22 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for narrow bandwidth digital signal processing |
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US9906858B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | System and method for digital signal processing |
US9906867B2 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2018-02-27 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc | Surface acoustic transducer |
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US10701505B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bongiovi Acoustics Llc. | System, method, and apparatus for generating and digitally processing a head related audio transfer function |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL123374A0 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
CZ57498A3 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
NZ316558A (en) | 1998-10-28 |
RO119056B1 (en) | 2004-02-27 |
BR9610428A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
ES2131958T3 (en) | 1999-08-01 |
SK25598A3 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
DK0847677T3 (en) | 1999-10-25 |
EA000858B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
JPH11512256A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
TR199800365T1 (en) | 1998-05-21 |
DE69602102D1 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
AU703198B2 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
ATE179045T1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
CA2229857A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
EA199800254A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
HUP9901393A2 (en) | 1999-08-30 |
EP0847677B1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
AU6881696A (en) | 1997-03-27 |
IL123374A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
PL325246A1 (en) | 1998-07-06 |
HUP9901393A3 (en) | 2001-08-28 |
HK1008638A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
EP0847677A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
DE69602102T2 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
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