WO1996033803A1 - Carbides and nitrides of transition elements applied on the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine - Google Patents
Carbides and nitrides of transition elements applied on the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996033803A1 WO1996033803A1 PCT/BR1996/000010 BR9600010W WO9633803A1 WO 1996033803 A1 WO1996033803 A1 WO 1996033803A1 BR 9600010 W BR9600010 W BR 9600010W WO 9633803 A1 WO9633803 A1 WO 9633803A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbides
- nitrides
- transition elements
- hydrazine
- catalytic
- Prior art date
Links
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine group Chemical group NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000726409 Satellites Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011905 homologation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 molibdenum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
- B63G8/24—Automatic depth adjustment; Safety equipment for increasing buoyancy, e.g. detachable ballast, floating bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
- B64G1/401—Liquid propellant rocket engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of carbides and nitrides of transition elements in devices such as catalytic engines or continuous reactors used to generate and use gases obtained from the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine.
- the catalytic system shown in Figure 1 comprises a fixed bed (1) made with grains of carbides or nitrides of tungsten, molibdenum, niobium or other transition metals, placed inside a chamber (2) , which is an integral part of an engine or a continuous reactor.
- the hydrazine in its liquid phase and kept in a pressurized vessel (3) is admitted into the chamber through injectors (4) .
- the hydrazine is then vaporized and decomposed by the catalytic bed, generating the gases nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia
- the present patent of invention is different from the existing techniques in the change of the catalytic bed, usually made with extremely expensive items such as iridium supported on alumina and submitted to a strong deactivation process, by a highly inexpensive material, which requires the use of less complex manufacturing techniques, and which possesses better thermal and mechanical properties while keeping a similar_ performance, such as carbides and nitrides of tungsten, molibdenum and niobium.
- the main mean characteristics of the nitrides and carbides of tungsten, molibdenum and niobium are the following: Porous Specific Volume: 0 to 1.2 cm 3 /g; Specific
- oxinitrides Materials with a residual oxigen content above zero may also be referred as oxinitrides and oxicarbides.
- the prepared compounds may have the shape of irregular plates, spheroidal-cylinders (bastonets) or spherical particles and powders with characteristic dimensions varying from ten to tens of mm.
- the material can also be deposited on screens or on an inert support such as alumina .
- the engine was operated inside a vacuum chamber
- Figures 5 and 6 show the performances of the tungsten oxicarbide and of the catalyst SHELL 405, respectively, under 5 s continuous operation regime.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the use of carbides and nitrides of transition elements in devices such as catalytic engines or continuous reactors for the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine. The use of these materials to substitute the commercial catalysts will lead to smaller costs and simpler manufacturing techniques for a performance similar to the best materials now available in the market. Besides, the carbides and nitrides of transition elements, being more stable during the decomposition process, exhibit great simplicity in their deployment.
Description
CARBIDES AND NITRIDES OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS APPLIED ON THE CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITIONOFHYDRAZINE
The present invention relates to the use of carbides and nitrides of transition elements in devices such as catalytic engines or continuous reactors used to generate and use gases obtained from the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine. The catalytic system shown in Figure 1 comprises a fixed bed (1) made with grains of carbides or nitrides of tungsten, molibdenum, niobium or other transition metals, placed inside a chamber (2) , which is an integral part of an engine or a continuous reactor. The hydrazine, in its liquid phase and kept in a pressurized vessel (3) is admitted into the chamber through injectors (4) . The hydrazine is then vaporized and decomposed by the catalytic bed, generating the gases nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia
(5) . These gases may be then employed, for instance, in artificial sattelites propulsion or in submarines emergency ballast sytems. The start up of this system can be performed cold or through proper heating (to temperatures up to 200°C) .
Commercially used similar systems are different because they use an iridium catalyst_supported on alumina with a high metal content (US Patent 4,124,538) , a much more expensive device whose deployment leads to a more stringent homologation routine which among other things
implies into a pre-estabilization procedure of the catalyst submitted to a strong deactivation process.
The present patent of invention is different from the existing techniques in the change of the catalytic bed, usually made with extremely expensive items such as iridium supported on alumina and submitted to a strong deactivation process, by a highly inexpensive material, which requires the use of less complex manufacturing techniques, and which possesses better thermal and mechanical properties while keeping a similar_ performance, such as carbides and nitrides of tungsten, molibdenum and niobium.
The main mean characteristics of the nitrides and carbides of tungsten, molibdenum and niobium are the following: Porous Specific Volume: 0 to 1.2 cm3/g; Specific
Area: 2 to 230 m2/g; Crystalline Phase: compact hexagonal, face-centered cubic; Residual Oxigen Content: 0 to 30%.
Materials with a residual oxigen content above zero may also be referred as oxinitrides and oxicarbides. The prepared compounds may have the shape of irregular plates, spheroidal-cylinders (bastonets) or spherical particles and powders with characteristic dimensions varying from ten to tens of mm. The material can also be deposited on screens or on an inert support such as alumina .
TYPICAL EXAMPLE
It is shown next the performance of a 2N engine (Figure 2) using tungsten oxicarbide with the following
characteristics: Specific Area: 50 m2/g; Porous Specific Volume: 0.15 cm /g; Oxigen Content: 1%; Shape: Extruded cylinder:1.6 mm diameter and 2.8 mm long; Crystaline Phase: Hexagonal .
The engine was operated inside a vacuum chamber
(10"3 torr, ambient temperature) , hydrazine injection pressure of 5 to 15 bar, initial bed temperature of 373 K, operating time of 200 s with pulses of 200 ms (electro valve opening time) and 1 Hz frequency. Figure 3 shows the first ten pulses obtained with this material (where 1- hydrazine injection pressure, 0 to 10 bar scale; 2- chamber stagnation pressure, 0 to 10 bar scale; 3- engine temperature, 0 to 600°C scale; 4- thrust, 0 to 4 N scale) . For comparison purposes the performance of the commercial catalyst SHELL 405 operating in the same engine and under the same experimental conditions is shown in Figure 4 (1- hydrazine injection pressure, 0 to 10 bar scale; 2- chamber stagnation pressure, 0 to 10 bar scale; 3- engine temperature, 0 to 600°C scale; 4- thrust, 0 to 4 N scale) .
Figures 5 and 6 (where 1- chamber stagnation pressure, 0 to 10 bar scale, in both figures) show the performances of the tungsten oxicarbide and of the catalyst SHELL 405, respectively, under 5 s continuous operation regime.
Claims
1 - Carbides and nitrides of transition elements characterized by their use in devices such as catalytic engines or continuous reactors in the hydrazine catalytic decomposition reaction.
2 - Carbides and nitrides of transition elements as in claim 1, characterized by their application in engines with catalytic bed used in artificial sattelites propulsion devices.
3 - Carbides and nitrides of transition elements as in claim 1, characterized by their application in continuous reactors with catalytic bed used in submarines emergency ballast systems. 4 - Carbides and nitrides of transition elements as in claim 1, characterized by their application in continuous reactors with catalytic bed used in the generation of gases such as hydrogen and nitrogen.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96905623A EP0822860A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 | 1996-03-19 | Carbides and nitrides of transition elements applied on the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine |
| JP53204996A JP2002514967A (en) | 1995-04-26 | 1996-03-19 | Transition element carbides and nitrides applied to catalyzed hydrazine decomposition. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI9501616-3 | 1995-04-26 | ||
| BR9501616A BR9501616A (en) | 1995-04-26 | 1995-04-26 | Carbides and nitrides of transition elements applied in the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996033803A1 true WO1996033803A1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
Family
ID=4061173
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR1996/000010 WO1996033803A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 | 1996-03-19 | Carbides and nitrides of transition elements applied on the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0822860A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002514967A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9501616A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2219149A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996033803A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102161003A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2011-08-24 | 东南大学 | Preparation and application method of hydrazine-degrading catalyst |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4851206A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1989-07-25 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University | Methods and compostions involving high specific surface area carbides and nitrides |
| US5391524A (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1995-02-21 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Production of heavy metal carbides of high specific surface area |
-
1995
- 1995-04-26 BR BR9501616A patent/BR9501616A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-03-19 EP EP96905623A patent/EP0822860A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-19 WO PCT/BR1996/000010 patent/WO1996033803A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-19 JP JP53204996A patent/JP2002514967A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-19 CA CA002219149A patent/CA2219149A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4851206A (en) * | 1981-07-15 | 1989-07-25 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University | Methods and compostions involving high specific surface area carbides and nitrides |
| US5391524A (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1995-02-21 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Production of heavy metal carbides of high specific surface area |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102161003A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2011-08-24 | 东南大学 | Preparation and application method of hydrazine-degrading catalyst |
| CN102161003B (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-09-19 | 东南大学 | Preparation and application method of hydrazine-degrading catalyst |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0822860A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| CA2219149A1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
| BR9501616A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| JP2002514967A (en) | 2002-05-21 |
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