WO1996029542A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von hausmüll - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von hausmüll Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996029542A1 WO1996029542A1 PCT/EP1996/001194 EP9601194W WO9629542A1 WO 1996029542 A1 WO1996029542 A1 WO 1996029542A1 EP 9601194 W EP9601194 W EP 9601194W WO 9629542 A1 WO9629542 A1 WO 9629542A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pyrolysis
- gas
- melting furnace
- coke
- furnace
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/301—Treating pyrogases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50214—Separating non combustible matters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/60—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
- F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating household waste.
- a melting plant is known from DE-ZE: Process Technologie A textbook, pp. 232-234 (1993).
- the heart of the melting plant is a vertical double-shell melting furnace with a slowly rotating outer shell, in which a cylindrical inner shell is hung concentrically.
- the residues fed into the ring shaft between the two jackets are fed to the melting chamber, in which an oil or gas-fired high-temperature burner initiates the melting process.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly and economical method for treating household waste.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by a method for treating household waste, in which
- Pyrolysis coke are introduced into the meltdown process.
- the present invention provides a combined pyrolysis-melting process for the thermal treatment of waste.
- the process according to the invention has the advantage that the pyrolysis and melting processes can also be operated in a decoupled manner. The procedures can be carried out independently. The decoupling gives you high availability. If ordinary household waste is used, the processes can be carried out in a self-sufficient manner. The ash components and heavy metals are converted into a leach-resistant melt granulate which is used.
- the combined process uses waste water-free flue gas cleaning. The combined process is operated under normal pressure. No external or additional heating is required. Due to the high energy yield of the individual processes, no technical oxygen has to be used.
- the pyrolysis drum is heated with burned pyrolysis gases.
- waste such as domestic waste, special waste, old tires, shredder scans etc. can be used in pyrolysis.
- the pyrolysis products such as coke, oil and gas can be stored, recycled or disposed of separately. Pyrolysis can be flexibly adjusted to qualitative and quantitative fluctuations in the input materials.
- the coke is not ground during the melting process.
- the smelting plant can be started and stopped more quickly.
- high-calorific waste materials such as loaded HOK, dried sewage sludge and liquid special waste can be fed into the melting furnace.
- the refractory material has a long service life. Flexible partial load procedures are possible. By staged combustion in the primary and secondary chamber, low NO x values are obtained in the exhaust gas. There is only a very small amount of residual dust in the exhaust gas.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the material is pretreated before pyrolysis. This measure gives good pyrolysis products.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the material is crushed to a size ⁇ 1,000 mm before pyrolysis, pressed and fed into the pyrolysis reactor via a shaft. This measure enables pyrolysis to be operated economically.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the material is reduced to a size ⁇ 300 mm before pyrolysis and is fed into the pyrolysis reactor by means of a press screw. This measure enables the pyrolysis to be carried out very economically.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the material is freed of metal-containing substances before pyrolysis.
- the metal separation can be carried out very effectively.
- the metal separation causes a reduction in the required capacity of the pyrolysis drum.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that an indirectly heated pyrolysis drum is used as the pyrolysis reactor. This measure greatly reduces the operating costs of the pyrolysis.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the heat required for heating the pyrolysis reactor is obtained from the exhaust gas from the combustion according to process stage (b) and part of the exhaust gas from the melting furnace. This measure makes the operation of the pyrolysis drum very economical.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the dedusting of the pyrolysis gas takes place in an oil quench above the dew point of the water. With these measures, very good results are achieved in the dedusting of the pyrolysis gas. Dust removal in ceramic filters is also possible.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the pyrolysis coke is cooled, freed from metal-containing substances and sieved, the fraction is crushed with a size> 50 mm and introduced into the melting furnace with the fine fraction ⁇ 50 mm. This measure means that the furnace is operated very economically.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that pyrolysis coke with a size ⁇ 50 mm and at least one of the components such as dried sewage sludge, pyrolysis gas, residues from the oil quench, heating oil, high-calorific waste, such as plastics, pasty, liquid and gaseous combustible waste and loaded Activated carbon and coke are introduced into the melting furnace.
- other high-calorific substances are used effectively as fuels, and they are disposed of economically and in an environmentally friendly manner using the method according to the invention.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the burned exhaust gas from the melting furnace is introduced into a boiler and / or recuperator. With this measure, the energy of the exhaust gas can be used very usefully.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is that the dust from the dust separation of the melting process is returned to the melting furnace. With this measure, the separated dust can be returned to the smelting and does not have to be disposed of in a cost-intensive manner.
- a device for treating household waste consisting of a pyrolysis reactor, dedusting, combustion chamber, pyrolysis coke cooling, metal separation, comminution, melting furnace, afterburning chamber, heat groove and flue gas cleaning.
- the use of the device for the thermal disposal and use of domestic waste is provided, while at the same time producing an eluate-proof, reusable melting granulate.
- the pyrolysis coke and / or pyrolysis dust is treated in a melting furnace which has at least one burner arranged on the furnace ceiling of a primary chamber and directed towards the surface of the material to be melted, and the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis coke and / or pyrolysis dust from the pyrolysis furnace are supplied and in which tertiary air is introduced into the primary chamber at one or more points of the furnace ceiling, the material to be melted down and the pyrolysis gas being introduced into the primary chamber and the molten material which is running off leaving the primary chamber with flue gas, the molten material being passed through the secondary chamber and is discharged as slag.
- the temperature in the primary chamber is between 1,250 and 1,500 ° C.
- FIGS. 1 to 5 The drawing consists of FIGS. 1 to 5.
- 1 shows a process diagram of the process according to the invention.
- 2 shows a flow diagram of the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 3 shows a flow diagram of the material flow diagram.
- Fig. 4 shows a side view of the smelting furnace.
- delivery vehicles deliver the household waste without the interposition of an external processing system in the waste bunker (11).
- the material is reduced in size (13) to a size of 300 mm.
- the shredded material is fed into the pyrolysis drum (2).
- the pyrolysis drum (2) is continuously heated indirectly with the dedusted and afterburned pyrolysis gas via the outer wall.
- the temperature of the afterburned pyrolysis gas is set so that the softening point of any entrained dust particles is not exceeded.
- the cooled exhaust gas is sucked out of the drum wall by a fan and fed to a steam generator (3).
- the pyrolysis coke is passed from the pyrolysis drum (2) at a temperature of about 500 ° C.
- a pyrolysis coke cooling system (7) (wet descaler), where the pyrolysis coke is cooled.
- the wet stripper (7) seals the outlet of the pyrolysis drum (2) against the atmosphere.
- a metal deposition (8) non-ferrous metals and iron are separated from the cooled pyrolysis coke, which is then in the Smelting furnace (l) is abandoned.
- the pyrolysis coke can be comminuted in a shredder (9) before being placed in the melting furnace (1).
- the pyrolysis gas is dedusted in an oil quench (5) and afterburned in a combustion chamber (6). Excess pyrolysis gas can be burned in the melting furnace (1).
- the oil from the oil quench (5) contains the condensed pyrolysis oil and the discharged dust.
- An oil treatment device centrifuge or decanter, is used to separate the dust from the circulating oil.
- the concentrated oil / dust fraction is fed into the melting furnace (l) via lance burners.
- Pyrolysis coke is introduced into the primary chamber (17) of the melting furnace (1) with a piece size of ⁇ 50 mm.
- the combustion of the coke and the melting of the ash components is energy self-sufficient by means of preheated air.
- the liquid slag flows from the primary chamber (17) through the central outlet (18) and drips through the secondary chamber (21) into the water bath of the wet slag remover (22).
- the liquid slag solidifies to a glassy granulate.
- the exhaust gases are adjusted in the secondary chamber (21) by adding air to a 0, content of at least 6 vol%.
- the pyrolysis gas leaves the pyrolysis drum (2) at a temperature of 500 ° C.
- the quantities of the harmful gases H 2 S, COS and HC1 can be minimized by adding lime to the pyrolysis drum (2).
- the pyrolysis gas consists of the evaporated water from CO and C0 5 and higher hydrocarbons.
- the dust load is 20 to 30 g / m 3 iN In the oil quench (5) the pyrophoric dust and the pyrolysis oils are separated.
- pyrolysis gas burns in the combustion chamber (6) to a hot gas, which is introduced at 1,050 ° C to 1,250 ° C into the outer jacket of the pyrolysis drum (2), where the pyrolysis gas is cooled to a temperature of 550 ° C to 600 ° C takes place.
- the remaining part of the pyrolysis gas is introduced directly into the melting furnace (1).
- Pyrolysis coke is about 18% to 20% carbon by weight. The rest are ashes and non-ferrous and iron components.
- the pyrolysis coke reaches a temperature of 500 ° C.
- the pyrolysis coke is cooled to about 60 ° C to 70 ° C.
- the discharged pyrolysis coke is then subjected to an NE and Fe separation, whereby valuable materials are obtained.
- the pyrolysis coke can be introduced into the melting furnace (1) with a piece size of ⁇ 50 mm.
- the pyrolysis coke can be ground beforehand, which is usually not necessary.
- the ash components are melted in the melting furnace (1) at a temperature of about 1,350 ° C.
- the heavy metals are integrated in a stable aluminum silicate matrix.
- the liquid slag granulates in the water bath of the wet stripper (22) to give a glassy, leach-resistant granulate.
- the exhaust gas leaves the primary chamber (17) of the melting furnace (1) at a temperature of approximately 1,350 ° C.
- an oxygen content of 6 vol% to 7 vol% is set by adding air.
- the exhaust gas cools down to 950 ° C. to 1150 ° C. by adding air and evaporating water from the wet slipper (22).
- the evaporated heavy metals and alkali metal compounds from the primary chamber (17) condense and are discharged as residual dust.
- the composition of the exhaust gas from the boiler (3) corresponds approximately to the composition of flue gases from a conventional grate furnace.
- the melting furnace principle of the invention is clear from the side view of the melting furnace (1) shown in FIG. 4.
- the melting furnace (1) has: movable furnace cover (14), double pendulum flap (15), at least one burner (16), primary chamber (17), slag discharge (18), hydraulic furnace drive (19), video furnace monitoring (20), secondary chamber (21) and wet slag (22).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP52808296A JP2002515110A (ja) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-20 | 家庭ゴミを処理する方法及び装置 |
EP96908081A EP0815393B1 (de) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-20 | Verfahren zum behandeln von hausmüll |
DE59601109T DE59601109D1 (de) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-20 | Verfahren zum behandeln von hausmüll |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19509620 | 1995-03-21 | ||
DE19509620.7 | 1995-06-21 | ||
DE19522457A DE19522457C2 (de) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-06-21 | Verfahren zum Behandeln von Hausmüll |
DE19522457.4 | 1995-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996029542A1 true WO1996029542A1 (de) | 1996-09-26 |
Family
ID=26013444
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1996/001194 WO1996029542A1 (de) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-20 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von hausmüll |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0815393B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002515110A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE175486T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2126393T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996029542A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11193913A (ja) * | 1997-12-27 | 1999-07-21 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 廃棄物熱分解ガス化溶融装置 |
CN110701616A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 一种城市生活垃圾干燥热解焚烧发电***及方法 |
CN115213195A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-21 | 陕西南洋智汇能源环保科技有限公司 | 一种有机固废协同处理利用***及方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2170687B1 (es) * | 2000-07-27 | 2003-12-16 | Quimica Plus S L | Procedimiento de descomposicion mediante pirolisis de neumaticos de vehiculos. |
CN104976622B (zh) * | 2015-08-05 | 2018-07-06 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | 一种回转窑气化、等离子熔融的生活垃圾分级气化*** |
CN105910124B (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2018-03-20 | 光大环保技术研究院(深圳)有限公司 | 一种飞灰低温熔融装置及方法 |
CN106800942A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-06 | 山西易通环能科技集团有限公司 | 一种废旧农膜塑料处理工艺 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1401207A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1975-07-16 | Ebara Infilco | Apparatus for incineration of refuse |
EP0067139A1 (de) * | 1981-05-27 | 1982-12-15 | Industri-Teknik Bengt Fridh AB | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abfallmaterial, das Metall und/oder Metalloxyde, organische Stoffe und möglicherweise auch Wasser enthält |
DE4217301A1 (de) * | 1992-02-17 | 1993-12-02 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Beheizen einer Schweltrommel |
DE4308551A1 (de) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-01-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall |
-
1996
- 1996-03-20 ES ES96908081T patent/ES2126393T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-20 EP EP96908081A patent/EP0815393B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-20 AT AT96908081T patent/ATE175486T1/de active
- 1996-03-20 WO PCT/EP1996/001194 patent/WO1996029542A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-20 JP JP52808296A patent/JP2002515110A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1401207A (en) * | 1971-08-13 | 1975-07-16 | Ebara Infilco | Apparatus for incineration of refuse |
EP0067139A1 (de) * | 1981-05-27 | 1982-12-15 | Industri-Teknik Bengt Fridh AB | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abfallmaterial, das Metall und/oder Metalloxyde, organische Stoffe und möglicherweise auch Wasser enthält |
DE4217301A1 (de) * | 1992-02-17 | 1993-12-02 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Beheizen einer Schweltrommel |
DE4308551A1 (de) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-01-05 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BERWEIN, KANCZAREK: "Müllentsorgung mit einer Schwel-Brenn-Anlage", BWK BRENNSTOFF WARME KRAFT, vol. 42, no. 10, October 1990 (1990-10-01), DUSSELDORF DE, pages R26 - R36, XP000162988 * |
J.RIZZON: "Hochtemperatur-Einschmelzverfahren", UMWELT TECHNOLOGIE AKTUELL, no. 3, 1993, DARMSTADT, DE, pages 232 - 234, XP000570980 * |
RIZZON: "Die Entsorgung von Reststoffen mit dem Pyromelt- und dem KSMF-Verfahren", BWK BRENNSTOFF WARME KRAFT, vol. 47, no. 10, October 1995 (1995-10-01), DUSSELDORF DE, pages R39 - R46, XP000534388 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11193913A (ja) * | 1997-12-27 | 1999-07-21 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 廃棄物熱分解ガス化溶融装置 |
CN110701616A (zh) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-01-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 一种城市生活垃圾干燥热解焚烧发电***及方法 |
CN115213195A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-21 | 陕西南洋智汇能源环保科技有限公司 | 一种有机固废协同处理利用***及方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2126393T3 (es) | 1999-03-16 |
EP0815393A1 (de) | 1998-01-07 |
ATE175486T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
JP2002515110A (ja) | 2002-05-21 |
EP0815393B1 (de) | 1999-01-07 |
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