WO1996019284A1 - Paper recycling - Google Patents

Paper recycling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996019284A1
WO1996019284A1 PCT/GB1995/002984 GB9502984W WO9619284A1 WO 1996019284 A1 WO1996019284 A1 WO 1996019284A1 GB 9502984 W GB9502984 W GB 9502984W WO 9619284 A1 WO9619284 A1 WO 9619284A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pelletiser
crumb
fibre
pellets
range
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1995/002984
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Raymond Smith
Original Assignee
Raymond Smith
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raymond Smith filed Critical Raymond Smith
Priority to GB9710068A priority Critical patent/GB2309929B/en
Priority to AU42693/96A priority patent/AU4269396A/en
Publication of WO1996019284A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996019284A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/12—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic in rotating drums
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to paper recycling, in particular to the preparation of an aqueous pulp; to the preparation of pellets from an aqueous pulp; to pulp and pellets thus formed; and to end uses of the pulp and the pellets thus formed.
  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a pulp from paper, for example waste paper.
  • the paper is torn or cut into small pieces before pulping.
  • a preferred method is to shred the paper into strips. Particularly good results have been obtained with paper shredded into strips which are 3-6mm wide.
  • the lime content by weight, based on weight of water may suitably be 2-10%, for example 4-6%.
  • the pulping itself may be in a standard pulper.
  • At the end of this pulping process there is preferably a step of de-watering, to a consistency in the range 20-70%, preferably 35-55%, most preferably 45- 50%.
  • De-watering may employ standard equipment, for example a screw auger or a belt press. The result is suitably a fibre crumb.
  • the process of this first aspect of the present invention preferably takes place at ambient temperature.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a process for the formation of a fibre crumb into pellets.
  • the fibre crumb may be prepared by the process described above in relation to the first aspect of the present invention, but it should be noted that the second aspect of the present invention may be used with a fibre crumb made by other methods, for example standard pulping methods already known.
  • This second aspect of the present invention employs a rotary pelletiser in the form of a drum or barrel.
  • the rotary pelletiser is of such a size that the fibre crumb introduced into it is subjected to a rolling and/or tumbling action.
  • the fibre crumb can be loaded into the pelletiser, and rolled and/or tumbled to form pellets, without any intermediate stage of granulation.
  • a granulation step is employed, using, for example, a commercially available granulator.
  • the pelletiser has an internal surface which is not truly cylindrical, but which has raised parts and lower parts. This aids the rolling and/or tumbling action.
  • the inside surface of the pelletiser is formed with a helical ridge from one end to the other, the ridge being generally cusp-shaped in cross section.
  • the pelletiser rotates slowly, such that its circumferential speed is in the range 6-150 metres per minute, preferably 15-100 metres per minute, most preferably 40-60.
  • the optimal circumferential speed found to date is 45-50 metres per minute.
  • the residence time within the pelletiser is at least 5 minutes, but preferably less than 40 minutes; and most preferably about 6-15 minutes.
  • a preferred capacity of the pelletiser is in the range 1-lOm 3 , preferably 5-8m 3 . It is preferred that the pelletiser is elongated, with its axial length exceeding its diameter. Preferably the ratio of the axial length to the diameter or mean diameter of the pelletiser is in the range 2-15:1, most preferably 3-8:1.
  • such a pelletiser contains about 100- 1,000 Kg of paper material during pelletisation.
  • the pelletisation step is part of a continuous process, with pellet formation occurring at a rate of 2-10 tonnes per hour.
  • the pelletiser is set with its axis of rotation at a slight incline to the horizontal, for example 0.5-5°; preferably 1-2°.
  • the fibre crumb is loaded into the pelletiser at its raised end. As the pelletiser rotates, and the fibre crumb is rolled and/or tumbled, it slowly moves towards the lower end of the pelletiser, where it is discharged. It will be appreciated that this arrangement is convenient and lends itself in particular to continuous processes.
  • the process of formation of fibre crumb into pellets takes place at ambient temperature.
  • the pellets formed in this pelletisation process may be suitable for certain end uses without further treatment. However, for most end uses it is necessary to remove water from them, and this may be carried out with standard drying equipment, for example equipment used in agriculture for grain drying. In certain embodiments it may be desirable to pass the paper pellets through magnetic screening equipment to remove ferrous objects.
  • One end use for fibre crumb formed by the process of the first aspect of the present invention is in the preparation of briquettes for burning.
  • the fibre crumb is readily mouldable and can be pressed to shape as water is being squeezed from it, and then dried thoroughly, to provide a relatively slow-burning briquette.
  • the fibre crumb which is the product of the process of the first aspect of the present invention may have various uses which do not require it to be pelletised.
  • One example relates to growing media.
  • the fibre crumb may be a base medium, to which other materials such as peat, manure, fertiliser, sand, colourant etc. may be added. These further materials may be added in proportions suitable for producing growing media, for example seed compost, potting compost, bulb compost etc.
  • the material may be used as a soil conditioner, to be added to soil or compost, to improve aeration, and/or to introduce lime or nutrients.
  • Growing media employing fibre crumb prepared by the process of the first aspect of the present invention constitutes a further aspect of the present invention.
  • pellets may advantageously employ pellets.
  • the additional materials mentioned above may be employed, or incorporated in them as a result of the pelletisation processing.
  • a fertiliser in liquid form to the crumb to be pelletised, so that nutrients soak into the pellets, as they form during tumbling.
  • the pellets may often tend to be spherical in shape, and it will be appreciated that such pellets containing nutrients may offer quick release of nutrients initially. This may be very good for early growth of, for example, seedlings. As time goes on the nutrient release will tend to decrease, but will persist, providing slow release, for some considerable time.
  • nutrients may be introduced onto pellets, for example by spraying, to provide quick nutrient release only.
  • pellets may be used as a soil conditioner to be added to soil or compost, to improve aeration, and/or to introduce lime or nutrients.
  • a growing medium employing paper pellets formed by the aspect of the present invention constitutes a further aspect of the present invention.
  • pellets formed by the process of the second aspect of the present invention may have many further uses.
  • dried pellets may be used as insulation for loft spaces and cavities of cavity walls; or may be used as a pet litter. These also constitute further aspects of the present invention.
  • Waste paper for example newspaper, periodicals and magazines is sorted, paper binding is removed, and the paper is loaded onto a conveyor, then through a shredder which shreds the paper into long strips 5mm in width. It is then delivered by a conveyor to a standard paper pulper, able to produce approximately 5 tonnes of pulp per hour.
  • the paper is mixed with lime water, to a consistency of 4-12%. The concentration of the lime in the water is about 5 weight percent.
  • the pulp is discharged into de-watering equipment, for example a screw auger or belt press, where the pulp is de-watered into a fibre crumb, of consistency 35-55%. It should be noted that the fibre crumb may now be taken out, for use, for example, in making growing bags, compost, or burnable briquettes.
  • the fibre crumb is discharged to an agricultural granulator, where it is granulated into granules of about 1-lOmm diameter, as required.
  • the granulated fibre crumb is discharged into the rotary pelletiser of figure 1.
  • This comprises a cylindrical drum of about 5m in length, and l in diameter, set at an angle to the horizontal. In this embodiment the angle is 1.5 degrees.
  • the granulated fibre crumb is loaded continuously into the open end A, which is the raised end.
  • the drum rotates at about 15 rpm, in this embodiment, so giving a circumferential speed of about 47 metres per minute. This speed is chosen so that the residence time of the paper material in the drum is about 10 minutes.
  • the product which emerges from the lower open end B is no longer a granulated crumb but discrete regular pellets.
  • the internal surface of the drum has a shallow helical ridge C from one end to the other, the shape of the ridge being cusp-shaped in cross section. This is thought to aid the pelletisation and help to prevent the crumb from forming into one solid mass.
  • the pellets are dried in a agricultural dryer normally used for drying grain. This is very suitable for this purpose and is able to dry the pellets to a very low residual water content if required, for example a water content of about 5% by weight. Magnetic objects are then removed by passing the dried pellets through a magnetic screening station.
  • pellets are then graded, for example by using standard grading equipment employing vibrating screens. Certain pellets which are too large or too small for any application may be re-cycled, for example by re- pulping them.
  • the dried paper pellets are bagged up, for use as insulation materials for roof spaces and wall cavities, or as cat litter, or as absorbent pellets for absorbing spillages, for example of oils, greases, chemicals etc.
  • Additives may be incorporated, for example flame retardant(s) , for insulation materials, and deodoriser(s) , for cat litter.
  • Such additives may be introduced prior to pelletisation, for example by addition to the fibre crumb, or after pelletisation, for example by spraying onto the pellets, after or, preferably before the drying stage.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

An effective continuous process for recycling paper involves subjecting a fibre crumb (prepared by aqueous pulping of waste paper pieces and de-watering) to a rolling or tumbling action in an elongate barrel slightly inclined to the horizontal and having an internal helical ridge (C). The resultant product is pelletised paper which may be used inter alia as pet litter.

Description

PAPER RECYCLING
This invention relates to paper recycling, in particular to the preparation of an aqueous pulp; to the preparation of pellets from an aqueous pulp; to pulp and pellets thus formed; and to end uses of the pulp and the pellets thus formed.
In the first aspect the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a pulp from paper, for example waste paper. The paper is torn or cut into small pieces before pulping. A preferred method is to shred the paper into strips. Particularly good results have been obtained with paper shredded into strips which are 3-6mm wide.
Additionally it may be advantageous to carry out this pulping in an alkaline environment, for example in lime water. The lime content by weight, based on weight of water, may suitably be 2-10%, for example 4-6%. During this pulping process the consistency, that is to say, the proportion by weight of paper present, is in the range 2- 20%, preferably 4-12%. The pulping itself may be in a standard pulper. At the end of this pulping process there is preferably a step of de-watering, to a consistency in the range 20-70%, preferably 35-55%, most preferably 45- 50%. De-watering may employ standard equipment, for example a screw auger or a belt press. The result is suitably a fibre crumb.
The process of this first aspect of the present invention preferably takes place at ambient temperature.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a process for the formation of a fibre crumb into pellets. The fibre crumb may be prepared by the process described above in relation to the first aspect of the present invention, but it should be noted that the second aspect of the present invention may be used with a fibre crumb made by other methods, for example standard pulping methods already known. This second aspect of the present invention employs a rotary pelletiser in the form of a drum or barrel. Suitably, the rotary pelletiser is of such a size that the fibre crumb introduced into it is subjected to a rolling and/or tumbling action. It has been found in certain embodiments requiring large pellets that the fibre crumb can be loaded into the pelletiser, and rolled and/or tumbled to form pellets, without any intermediate stage of granulation. In other embodiments a granulation step is employed, using, for example, a commercially available granulator.
Preferably, the pelletiser has an internal surface which is not truly cylindrical, but which has raised parts and lower parts. This aids the rolling and/or tumbling action. For example, in one preferred embodiment the inside surface of the pelletiser is formed with a helical ridge from one end to the other, the ridge being generally cusp-shaped in cross section.
Suitably, the pelletiser rotates slowly, such that its circumferential speed is in the range 6-150 metres per minute, preferably 15-100 metres per minute, most preferably 40-60. The optimal circumferential speed found to date is 45-50 metres per minute.
It has been found desirable for the residence time within the pelletiser to be at least 5 minutes, but preferably less than 40 minutes; and most preferably about 6-15 minutes. A preferred capacity of the pelletiser is in the range 1-lOm3, preferably 5-8m3. It is preferred that the pelletiser is elongated, with its axial length exceeding its diameter. Preferably the ratio of the axial length to the diameter or mean diameter of the pelletiser is in the range 2-15:1, most preferably 3-8:1.
Preferably, such a pelletiser contains about 100- 1,000 Kg of paper material during pelletisation.
Suitably, the pelletisation step is part of a continuous process, with pellet formation occurring at a rate of 2-10 tonnes per hour.
Suitably, the pelletiser is set with its axis of rotation at a slight incline to the horizontal, for example 0.5-5°; preferably 1-2°. The fibre crumb is loaded into the pelletiser at its raised end. As the pelletiser rotates, and the fibre crumb is rolled and/or tumbled, it slowly moves towards the lower end of the pelletiser, where it is discharged. It will be appreciated that this arrangement is convenient and lends itself in particular to continuous processes.
Preferably, the process of formation of fibre crumb into pellets takes place at ambient temperature.
The pellets formed in this pelletisation process may be suitable for certain end uses without further treatment. However, for most end uses it is necessary to remove water from them, and this may be carried out with standard drying equipment, for example equipment used in agriculture for grain drying. In certain embodiments it may be desirable to pass the paper pellets through magnetic screening equipment to remove ferrous objects.
Certain end uses of the products of the two processes defined and described above shall now be described. These products, certain modified products described below, and end uses, all constitute further aspects of the present invention.
One end use for fibre crumb formed by the process of the first aspect of the present invention is in the preparation of briquettes for burning. The fibre crumb is readily mouldable and can be pressed to shape as water is being squeezed from it, and then dried thoroughly, to provide a relatively slow-burning briquette.
The fibre crumb which is the product of the process of the first aspect of the present invention may have various uses which do not require it to be pelletised. One example relates to growing media. The fibre crumb may be a base medium, to which other materials such as peat, manure, fertiliser, sand, colourant etc. may be added. These further materials may be added in proportions suitable for producing growing media, for example seed compost, potting compost, bulb compost etc. Alternatively the material may be used as a soil conditioner, to be added to soil or compost, to improve aeration, and/or to introduce lime or nutrients. Growing media employing fibre crumb prepared by the process of the first aspect of the present invention constitutes a further aspect of the present invention.
Other growing media may advantageously employ pellets. The additional materials mentioned above may be employed, or incorporated in them as a result of the pelletisation processing. In particular it may be advantageous to add a fertiliser in liquid form to the crumb to be pelletised, so that nutrients soak into the pellets, as they form during tumbling. The pellets may often tend to be spherical in shape, and it will be appreciated that such pellets containing nutrients may offer quick release of nutrients initially. This may be very good for early growth of, for example, seedlings. As time goes on the nutrient release will tend to decrease, but will persist, providing slow release, for some considerable time. In alternative embodiments nutrients may be introduced onto pellets, for example by spraying, to provide quick nutrient release only. Additionally, pellets may be used as a soil conditioner to be added to soil or compost, to improve aeration, and/or to introduce lime or nutrients. A growing medium employing paper pellets formed by the aspect of the present invention constitutes a further aspect of the present invention.
The pellets formed by the process of the second aspect of the present invention may have many further uses. For example, dried pellets may be used as insulation for loft spaces and cavities of cavity walls; or may be used as a pet litter. These also constitute further aspects of the present invention.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to a paper pelletisation process which employs both the first and the second aspect of the present invention, with a second aspect involving the use of a pelletiser schematically shown in figure l.
The process of this example is as follows: i. Waste paper, for example newspaper, periodicals and magazines is sorted, paper binding is removed, and the paper is loaded onto a conveyor, then through a shredder which shreds the paper into long strips 5mm in width. It is then delivered by a conveyor to a standard paper pulper, able to produce approximately 5 tonnes of pulp per hour. In the pulper, the paper is mixed with lime water, to a consistency of 4-12%. The concentration of the lime in the water is about 5 weight percent.
ii. The pulp is discharged into de-watering equipment, for example a screw auger or belt press, where the pulp is de-watered into a fibre crumb, of consistency 35-55%. It should be noted that the fibre crumb may now be taken out, for use, for example, in making growing bags, compost, or burnable briquettes.
iii. In this embodiment, the fibre crumb is discharged to an agricultural granulator, where it is granulated into granules of about 1-lOmm diameter, as required.
iv. The granulated fibre crumb is discharged into the rotary pelletiser of figure 1. This comprises a cylindrical drum of about 5m in length, and l in diameter, set at an angle to the horizontal. In this embodiment the angle is 1.5 degrees. The granulated fibre crumb is loaded continuously into the open end A, which is the raised end. The drum rotates at about 15 rpm, in this embodiment, so giving a circumferential speed of about 47 metres per minute. This speed is chosen so that the residence time of the paper material in the drum is about 10 minutes. The product which emerges from the lower open end B is no longer a granulated crumb but discrete regular pellets.
It should be noted that the internal surface of the drum has a shallow helical ridge C from one end to the other, the shape of the ridge being cusp-shaped in cross section. This is thought to aid the pelletisation and help to prevent the crumb from forming into one solid mass.
v. The pellets are dried in a agricultural dryer normally used for drying grain. This is very suitable for this purpose and is able to dry the pellets to a very low residual water content if required, for example a water content of about 5% by weight. Magnetic objects are then removed by passing the dried pellets through a magnetic screening station.
vi. For many applications the pellets are then graded, for example by using standard grading equipment employing vibrating screens. Certain pellets which are too large or too small for any application may be re-cycled, for example by re- pulping them.
vii. The dried paper pellets are bagged up, for use as insulation materials for roof spaces and wall cavities, or as cat litter, or as absorbent pellets for absorbing spillages, for example of oils, greases, chemicals etc. Additives may be incorporated, for example flame retardant(s) , for insulation materials, and deodoriser(s) , for cat litter. Such additives may be introduced prior to pelletisation, for example by addition to the fibre crumb, or after pelletisation, for example by spraying onto the pellets, after or, preferably before the drying stage.
It should be noted that the entire process of pulping and production of pellets is carried out at ambient temperature, using cold water.

Claims

1. A process for the formation of a fibre crumb into pellets, which process employs a rotary pelletiser in the form of a drum or barrel which subjects the fibre crumb introduced into it to a rolling and/or tumbling action.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the pelletiser has an internal surface which is not truly cylindrical, but which has raised parts and lower parts.
3. A process as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the internal surface of the pelletiser is formed with a helical ridge from one end to the other, the ridge being generally cusp-shaped in cross section.
4. A process as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the pelletiser rotates with a circumferential speed in the range 6-150 metres per minute.
5. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the residence time of fibre crumb within the pelletiser is at least 5 minutes, but less than 40 minutes.
6. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the capacity of the pelletiser is in the range 1-lOm3.
A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the pelletiser is elongated, with the axial length exceeding its diameter.
8. A process as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the ratio of the axial length to the diameter or mean diameter of the pelletiser is in the range 2-15:1.
9. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the pelletiser contains about 100-1,000 Kg of paper material during pelletisation.
10. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the pelletisation step is part of a continuous process, with pellet formation occurring at a rate of 2-10 tonnes per hour.
11. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the pelletiser is set with its axis of rotation at a slight incline to the horizontal, and the fibre crumb is loaded into the pelletiser at its raised end.
12. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, followed by a water removal step.
13. A process as claimed in any preceding claim, preceded by the step of preparing said fibre crumb, by the steps of: - tearing or cutting waste paper into pieces;
- pulping the torn or cut waste paper in an aqueous medium to make a pulp of consistency in the range 2- 20%;
- de-watering the pulp to make a fibre crumb of consistency in the range 20-70%; optionally subjecting the fibre crumb to a granulation step.
14. Use of pellets prepared by a process as claimed in any preceding claim, as pet litter.
PCT/GB1995/002984 1994-12-20 1995-12-18 Paper recycling WO1996019284A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9710068A GB2309929B (en) 1994-12-20 1995-12-18 Paper recycling
AU42693/96A AU4269396A (en) 1994-12-20 1995-12-18 Paper recycling

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9425733.4 1994-12-20
GBGB9425733.4A GB9425733D0 (en) 1994-12-20 1994-12-20 Paper recycling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996019284A1 true WO1996019284A1 (en) 1996-06-27

Family

ID=10766246

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1995/002984 WO1996019284A1 (en) 1994-12-20 1995-12-18 Paper recycling

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4269396A (en)
GB (1) GB9425733D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1996019284A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0876758A1 (en) * 1997-05-06 1998-11-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
US6260511B1 (en) 1996-01-24 2001-07-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
SG81912A1 (en) * 1997-05-14 2001-07-24 Kimberly Clark Co Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
EP4183248A1 (en) * 2021-11-22 2023-05-24 JK Gitis OÜ Method for preparing granules from waste of hydrophilic fibrous material

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3789797A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-02-05 Star Kist Foods Cat litter
GB2157722A (en) * 1984-04-24 1985-10-30 Kimberly Clark Co Agglomerated cellulosic particles
EP0447366A1 (en) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-18 Zürcher Ziegeleien Granules, a process and apparatus for their production
EP0515959A2 (en) * 1991-05-23 1992-12-02 Hard Ag Granules and process or obtaining them
US5209186A (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-05-11 Endurequest Corporation Animal bedding nodules mode from paper pulp and method of making the same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3789797A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-02-05 Star Kist Foods Cat litter
GB2157722A (en) * 1984-04-24 1985-10-30 Kimberly Clark Co Agglomerated cellulosic particles
EP0447366A1 (en) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-18 Zürcher Ziegeleien Granules, a process and apparatus for their production
EP0515959A2 (en) * 1991-05-23 1992-12-02 Hard Ag Granules and process or obtaining them
US5209186A (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-05-11 Endurequest Corporation Animal bedding nodules mode from paper pulp and method of making the same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6260511B1 (en) 1996-01-24 2001-07-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
EP0876758A1 (en) * 1997-05-06 1998-11-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
AU742905B2 (en) * 1997-05-06 2002-01-17 Paper Technology Foundation Inc. Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
SG81912A1 (en) * 1997-05-14 2001-07-24 Kimberly Clark Co Process for the preparation of absorbent materials
EP4183248A1 (en) * 2021-11-22 2023-05-24 JK Gitis OÜ Method for preparing granules from waste of hydrophilic fibrous material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4269396A (en) 1996-07-10
GB9425733D0 (en) 1995-02-22

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