WO1996012685A1 - Use of phospholipids to improve plant growth - Google Patents

Use of phospholipids to improve plant growth Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996012685A1
WO1996012685A1 PCT/EP1995/004004 EP9504004W WO9612685A1 WO 1996012685 A1 WO1996012685 A1 WO 1996012685A1 EP 9504004 W EP9504004 W EP 9504004W WO 9612685 A1 WO9612685 A1 WO 9612685A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phospholipids
phospholipid
substrate
lecithin
plants
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1995/004004
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bettina Kopp-Holtwiesche
Albrecht Weiss
Rolf Schlue
Original Assignee
Henkel Cognis Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel Cognis Gmbh filed Critical Henkel Cognis Gmbh
Publication of WO1996012685A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996012685A1/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B15/00Organic phosphatic fertilisers

Definitions

  • the invention described below lies in the field of agriculture and forestry and horticulture and relates to a method for improving plant growth by stimulating the microorganisms which live in the substrate on which the plants grow.
  • the invention therefore relates to the use of phospholipids to improve plant growth, which consists in adding phospholipids to the substrate on which the plants grow or are supposed to grow and thereby stimulate the microorganisms living in the substrate.
  • phospholipids lecithin, lecithin hydrolyzates or chemically modified lecithins are preferably used.
  • the unexpected effect of the phospholipids on the microbial soil flora manifests itself, among other things, in the fact that organic soil is present Compounds and plant residues are broken down more quickly, resulting in an increase in soil bacteria.
  • the composting process taking place in the soil is accelerated and dead plant material is returned to the biological cycle more quickly.
  • the aeration of the soil or the substrate on which the plants grow is improved and the water balance is made more uniform. It is believed that these are the main causes for the improvement in the growth of the plants grown on these substrates.
  • the phospholipids used according to the invention are amphiphilic substances which are obtained from plant or animal cells.
  • Preferred phospholipids are the glycerophospholipids, which are usually also referred to as lecithin.
  • the sphingophospholipids are less preferred.
  • Known and usable substances here are the diacylphospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolins, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatatidylglycerols, phosphate idylglycerol phosphates, diphosphatidylglycerol, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine amine.
  • phosphatidylglycerides which are commercially available as vegetable or animal lecithins and zephalins. These preparations are mostly obtained from oils such as corn oil or cottonseed oil or soybean oil.
  • the enzymatically hydrolyzed glycerophospholipids are preferred which have a more hydrophilic character due to the elimination of a fatty acid ester. The only exceptions are products that have lost their phosphoric acid residue due to the enzymatic hydrolysis.
  • the phospholipids are completely biodegradable to form CO2, H2O and biomass, with the result that in the case of the invention
  • the process does not accumulate any inert or ecotoxicologically questionable degradation products in the soil.
  • the phospholipids themselves migrate slowly in the soil and are therefore not washed out into the groundwater. They are also non-toxic, so that their use is also possible for this reason.
  • liquid preparations are usually used. This takes place in particular in such a way that 0.5 to 30 g, preferably 1 to 20 g, of phospholipid are applied in dilute aqueous preparation per m ⁇ substrate surface.
  • the aqueous preparation preferably contains 1 to 20 g, in particular 2 to 9 g, of phospholipid per liter.
  • the aqueous preparation can be prepared in this form immediately before use, but it has proven expedient to carry out the preparation of this preparation intended for use in such a way that a more concentrated preparation is first diluted with water for the users ⁇ dung concentration is set.
  • This can be a solid concentrate, for example in powder or granule form; however, liquid concentrates are preferably used.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are primarily soaps, but alkyl sulfates, in particular fatty alcohol sulfates, can also be used.
  • Anionic surfactants based on petrochemicals such as, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonate or alkyl ether sulfates, are less suitable.
  • Partial esters of phosphoric acid with fatty alcohols are also suitable, and in particular corresponding partial esters with straight-chain fatty alcohols.
  • the esters of shorter-chain fatty alcohols for example those with C 1 -C 10 alcohols, are particularly suitable here.
  • alkyl phosphates with longer fatty alcohol residues ie C12 to C24, can also be used.
  • Fatty alcohol ether phosphates can also be used. These are phosphoric acid partial esters of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, the fatty alcohols having 8 to 24 carbon atoms and being ethoxylated with 1 to 10 mol, preferably 4 to 6 mol, of ethylene oxide per mol of fatty alcohol.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants are alkyl glycoside compounds, which have preferably been prepared from straight-chain fatty alcohols with at least 8 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable alkyl glycoside compounds contain, for example, fatty alcohol residues in the range from C ⁇ to Ci ⁇ , in particular C ⁇ o to C Q and have an average degree of polymerization of the oligoglycoside residues in the range from about 1.2 to 5.
  • Corresponding alkylglycoside compounds with a DP value of about 1.5 to 5, in particular in the range of the HLB values of about 10 to 18, can not only be regarded as effective surfactant additives of the O / W type, they characterize them is also characterized by a special biocompatibility, which is partly due to its comparatively rapid degradability.
  • sorbitan esters can also be used, for example sorbitan monostearate or sorbitan monooleate.
  • sorbitan esters can also be used, for example sorbitan monostearate or sorbitan monooleate.
  • ethoxylated sorbitan esters and ethoxylated long-chain C12-Cig alcohols.
  • bio-surfactants of biological origin examples include sophosoleipid, trehalose lipid or lipopeptides as are known as metabolic products or membrane components of a plurality of microorganism strains.
  • surfactants can also be used for the purposes according to the invention, insofar as the disadvantages associated therewith can be accepted.
  • further formulation aids for example swelling agents and viscosity regulators, such as starch, xanthan, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and bentonite, can be added to the aqueous phospholipid preparations in order to improve storage stability and ease of handling and to influence the rate of release of the active ingredient.
  • swelling agents and viscosity regulators such as starch, xanthan, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and bentonite
  • the phospholipids according to the invention With the use of the phospholipids according to the invention, an improvement in the soil quality and thus an improvement in plant growth is achieved regardless of whether other measures with the same or a similar aim are also carried out.
  • additional fertilizing measures can be taken, which can be carried out both before and after treatment with the phospholipids, but also simultaneously with the phospholipid treatment. In the latter case, it may be expedient to add the fertilizer active ingredients in the desired concentration to the aqueous preparation which contains the phospholipids, so that only one operation is required for the application.
  • Suitable fertilizer ingredients are inorganic and organic substances which, either immediately or after chemical decomposition in the substrate on which the plants grow, the elements required by the plants, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium but also trace elements such as iron, manganese, Provide zinc, copper, molybdenum and boron in a form that can be absorbed by the plants.
  • the elements required by the plants in particular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium but also trace elements such as iron, manganese, Provide zinc, copper, molybdenum and boron in a form that can be absorbed by the plants.
  • ammonium salts, nitrates and urea are used as fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers, while certain organic nitrogen compounds, for example cyclodiurea, only release the nitrogen slowly and as Potent active ingredients are to be viewed.
  • the other elements are usually used in the form of more or less water-soluble salts.
  • Examples include ammonium, potassium, magnesium and calcium phosphates, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate and boric acid.
  • a preferred liquid concentrate has the following composition:
  • the substrate Before application to the substrate, it is preferably diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20 to 1: 100.
  • the aqueous preparations are preferably applied in such a way that the liquid is applied directly to the substrate on which the plants are growing. sen is applied. The entire substrate area that is accessible to the roots of the target plants is usually treated.
  • the phospholipid preparations quickly penetrate into the soil and then develop their effect immediately. In the case of dense crops, for example also in lawns, it is also readily possible to apply the phospholipid preparations in the irrigation process in such a way that wetting of plant surfaces also takes place in the meantime, provided the preparations are composed such that the plants are damaged, for example, when the preparation dries out.
  • all the devices suitable for the application of the aqueous preparations are those which are also used for applying other aqueous liquids, for example liquid fertilizers, to the substrates or to the crops.
  • the phospholipid preparations can also be added to the water of irrigation systems in a suitable concentration and in this way supplied to the substrate on which the plants grow.
  • the effect of the phospholipids used according to the invention was tested on individual plants of the genus Impatiens (hard-working Lieschen), each of which were grown in three boxes in balcony boxes on nutrient-free soil. The boxes were set up outdoors and treated with the test solutions once a week in addition to normal irrigation for a growing period (May to September). Three boxes each were treated with a solution according to the invention and with a comparison solution with the same nitrogen and phosphorus content.
  • the treatment solution according to the invention was prepared by diluting an aqueous concentrate with water in a ratio of 1:70, the concentrate having the following composition:
  • Alkyl polyglucoside 50% (APG 600 CSUP, Henkel) 20 g
  • the solution used as a comparison was also prepared by dilution with water in a ratio of 1:70 from a concentrate which, however, did not contain any phospholipid but instead consisted only of monoammonium phosphate, urea and water with the same phosphorus and nitrogen content. In both cases, the application rate was 600 ml per box once a week, so that 882 mg of N and 203 mg of P2O5 were made available to each box per week.
  • test plants were scored weekly. For almost the entire test period, the plants in the boxes treated according to the invention showed vigorous growth, more intense leaf coloring and greater flowering capacity than the plants in the comparison boxes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The growth of plants can be improved by the addition of phospholipids to the substrate on which they are grown or are to be grown. This probably arises from a stimulation of the micro-organisms living in the substrate. The phospholipids are primarily lecithin, lecithin hydrolysate and chemically modified lecithins, generally applied as a dilute aqueous preparation in quantities of 0.5 to 30 g/m2.

Description

"Verwendung von Phospholipiden zur Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums""Use of phospholipids to improve plant growth"
Die im folgenden beschriebene Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Land- und Forstwirtschaft und des Gartenbaus und betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbes¬ serung des Pflanzenwachstums durch Stimulierung der Mikroorganismen, die in dem Substrat leben, auf dem die Pflanzen wachsen.The invention described below lies in the field of agriculture and forestry and horticulture and relates to a method for improving plant growth by stimulating the microorganisms which live in the substrate on which the plants grow.
Die Verwendung von Phospholipiden, beispielsweise Lecithin, und von Phos- pholipidderivaten ist auf dem Gebiet der Landwirtschaft schon zu verschie¬ denen Zwecken vorgeschlagen worden. So beschreiben die Europäische Patent¬ anmeldung EP 95 071 und die Patentanmeldung WO 89/8628 die Verwendung von Phospholipiden zusammen mit Makronährstoffen als Blattdüngemittel. In der Patentanmeldung WO 93/1150 wird die Anwendung von Phospholipiden als E ul- gatoren in Düngerzubereitungen erwähnt. Darüber hinaus wurde vor kurzem gefunden, daß sich Phospholipide dazu eignen, bestimmte Kohlenwasserstoff verzehrende Mikroorganismen zu aktivieren, so daß diese Mineralölver¬ schmutzungen im Boden schneller abbauen (DE 4218243).The use of phospholipids, for example lecithin, and of phospholipid derivatives has already been proposed in the field of agriculture for various purposes. European patent application EP 95 071 and patent application WO 89/8628 describe the use of phospholipids together with macronutrients as leaf fertilizers. Patent application WO 93/1150 mentions the use of phospholipids as emulsifiers in fertilizer preparations. In addition, it has recently been found that phospholipids are suitable for activating certain hydrocarbon-consuming microorganisms, so that these mineral oil contaminations in the soil break down more quickly (DE 4218243).
Bei weiteren Arbeiten mit Phospholipiden und Phospholipidderivaten wurde jetzt überraschenderweise festgestellt, daß mit diesen Substanzen auch die in nichtkontaminierten Böden natürlicherweise lebenden Mikroorganismen stimuliert werden können und dies zur Folge hat, daß die auf den so behan¬ delten Böden wachsenden Pflanzen besser gedeihen.In further work with phospholipids and phospholipid derivatives, it has now surprisingly been found that these substances can also be used to stimulate the microorganisms naturally present in uncontaminated soils, and this has the consequence that the plants growing on the so-treated soils thrive better.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von Phospholipiden zur Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums, die darin besteht, dem Substrat auf dem die Pflanzen wachsen oder wachsen sollen, Phospholipide zuzusetzen und dadurch die im Substrat lebenden Mikroorganismen zu stimulieren. Vorzugs¬ weise werden als Phospholipide Lecithin, Lecithinhydrolysate oder chemisch modifizierte Lecithine eingesetzt.The invention therefore relates to the use of phospholipids to improve plant growth, which consists in adding phospholipids to the substrate on which the plants grow or are supposed to grow and thereby stimulate the microorganisms living in the substrate. As phospholipids, lecithin, lecithin hydrolyzates or chemically modified lecithins are preferably used.
Die unerwartete Wirkung der Phospholipide auf die ikrobielle Bodenflora äußert sich unter anderem darin, daß im Boden vorhandene organische Verbindungen und Pflanzenreste schneller abgebaut werden, wobei es zu ei¬ ner Zunahme an Bodenbakterien kommt. Der im Boden ablaufende Kompostier- prozess wird beschleunigt und abgestorbenes Pflanzenmaterial wird dadurch schneller dem biologischen Kreislauf wieder zugeführt. Gleichzeitig wird die Durchlüftung des Bodens bzw. des Substrats, auf dem die Pflanzen wach¬ sen, verbessert und der Wasserhaushalt gleichmäßiger gestaltet. Es wird angenommen, daß dies die wesentlichen Ursachen für die Verbesserung des Wachstums der Pflanzen sind, die auf diesen Substraten kultiviert werden.The unexpected effect of the phospholipids on the microbial soil flora manifests itself, among other things, in the fact that organic soil is present Compounds and plant residues are broken down more quickly, resulting in an increase in soil bacteria. The composting process taking place in the soil is accelerated and dead plant material is returned to the biological cycle more quickly. At the same time, the aeration of the soil or the substrate on which the plants grow is improved and the water balance is made more uniform. It is believed that these are the main causes for the improvement in the growth of the plants grown on these substrates.
Bei den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Phospholipiden handelt es sich um am- phiphile Substanzen, die aus pflanzlichen oder tierischen Zellen gewonnen werden. Bevorzugte Phospholipide sind die Glycerophospholipide, die übli¬ cherweise auch als Lecithin bezeichnet werden. Weniger bevorzugt sind die Sphingophospholipide. Bekannte und einsetzbare Substanzen sind hier die Diacylphospholipide, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanola ine, Phos- phatidylinositole, Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatatidylglycerine, Phosphat- idylglycerinphosphate, Diphosphatidylglycerin, N-Acylphosphatidylethanol- amin und Phosphatidinsäure. Bevorzugt sind die Monoacylphospholipide, Ly- sophosphatidylcholine, Lysophosphatidylethanolamine, Lysophosphatidylino- sitole, Lysophosphatidylserine, Lysophosphatidylglycerole, Lysophosphat- idylglycerophosphate, Lysodiphosphatidylglycerine, Lyso-n-acylphosphatl- dylethanolamine und Lysophosphatidinsäure. Wegen der Zugänglichkeit wird der Fachmann in erster Linie zu technisch verfügbaren Phosphatidylglyce- riden greifen, die als pflanzliche oder tierische Lecithine und Zephaline im Handel sind. Diese Zubereitungen werden meist aus Ölen, wie Maiskeimöl oder Baumwollsaatöl oder Sojaöl gewonnen. Im Rahmen der Erfindung bevor¬ zugt sind die enzy atisch hydrolisierten Glycerophospholipide (enzymatisch hydrolisiertes Lecithin), die aufgrund der Abspaltung eines Fettsäurer¬ estes einen hydrophileren Charakter aufweisen. Ausgenommen sind dabei le¬ diglich solche Produkte, die durch die enzymatische Hydrolyse ihren Phos¬ phorsäurerest verloren haben.The phospholipids used according to the invention are amphiphilic substances which are obtained from plant or animal cells. Preferred phospholipids are the glycerophospholipids, which are usually also referred to as lecithin. The sphingophospholipids are less preferred. Known and usable substances here are the diacylphospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolins, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatatidylglycerols, phosphate idylglycerol phosphates, diphosphatidylglycerol, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine amine. Preferred are the monoacylphospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylinosols, lysophosphatidylserines, lysophosphatidylglycerols, lysophosphate idylglycerophosphates, lysodiphosphatidylglycerols, lysophosphinylamine, lysophosphinylamine, and lysophosphinate. Because of the accessibility, the person skilled in the art will primarily resort to technically available phosphatidylglycerides which are commercially available as vegetable or animal lecithins and zephalins. These preparations are mostly obtained from oils such as corn oil or cottonseed oil or soybean oil. In the context of the invention, the enzymatically hydrolyzed glycerophospholipids (enzymatically hydrolyzed lecithin) are preferred which have a more hydrophilic character due to the elimination of a fatty acid ester. The only exceptions are products that have lost their phosphoric acid residue due to the enzymatic hydrolysis.
Die Phospholipide sind als natürliche Substanzen vollständig zu CO2, H2O und Biomasse abbaubar, mit der Folge, daß sich beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren keine inerten oder ökotoxikologisch bedenklichen Abbauprodukte im Boden anreichern. Die Phospholipide selbst wandern im Boden nur langsam und werden daher nicht ins Grundwasser ausgewaschen. Sie sind außerdem nicht toxisch, so daß ihre Anwendung auch aus diesem Grunde unbedenklich möglich ist.As natural substances, the phospholipids are completely biodegradable to form CO2, H2O and biomass, with the result that in the case of the invention The process does not accumulate any inert or ecotoxicologically questionable degradation products in the soil. The phospholipids themselves migrate slowly in the soil and are therefore not washed out into the groundwater. They are also non-toxic, so that their use is also possible for this reason.
Obwohl die Anwendung der Phospholipide auch in fester Form möglich ist, werden üblicherweise flüssige Zubereitungen angewandt. Dies geschieht ins¬ besondere in der Weise, daß pro m^ Substratoberfläche 0,5 bis 30 g, vor¬ zugsweise 1 bis 20 g Phospholipid in verdünnter wäßriger Zubereitung aus¬ gebracht werden. Die wäßrige Zubereitung enthält vorzugsweise 1 bis 20 g, insbesondere 2 bis 9 g Phospholipid pro Liter. Die wäßrige Zubereitung kann unmittelbar vor Anwendung in dieser Form hergestellt werden, doch hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, die Herstellung dieser zur Anwendung be¬ stimmten Zubereitung in der Weise vorzunehmen, daß eine stärker konzen¬ trierte Zubereitung zunächst durch Verdünnen mit Wasser auf die Anwen¬ dungskonzentration eingestellt wird. Dabei kann es sich um ein festes Kon¬ zentrat, beispielsweise in Pulver- oder Granulatform handeln; vorzugsweise werden aber flüssige Konzentrate eingesetzt. Es hat sich weiterhin als zweckmäßig erwiesen, die Phospholipide in den wäßrigen Zubereitungen sta¬ bil zu emulgieren, um Entmischungen während der Lagerung und während des Gebrauchs zu verhindern. Soweit dabei die Phospholipide nicht selbst emul- gierend sind, so daß sie allein mit Hilfe phylikalischer Methoden in die Emulsionsform übergeführt werden können, werden Tenside zur Unterstützung der Emulsionsbildung zugesetzt. Geeignet sind insbesondere anionische Ten¬ side oder Mischungen aus anionischen Tensiden und nichtionischen Tensiden, aber auch nichtionische Tenside allein, wobei biologisch schnell und voll¬ ständig abbaubare Tenside in jedem Falle bevorzugt werden.Although the use of the phospholipids is also possible in solid form, liquid preparations are usually used. This takes place in particular in such a way that 0.5 to 30 g, preferably 1 to 20 g, of phospholipid are applied in dilute aqueous preparation per m ^ substrate surface. The aqueous preparation preferably contains 1 to 20 g, in particular 2 to 9 g, of phospholipid per liter. The aqueous preparation can be prepared in this form immediately before use, but it has proven expedient to carry out the preparation of this preparation intended for use in such a way that a more concentrated preparation is first diluted with water for the users ¬ dung concentration is set. This can be a solid concentrate, for example in powder or granule form; however, liquid concentrates are preferably used. It has also proven to be expedient to emulsify the phospholipids in the aqueous preparations in a stable manner in order to prevent segregation during storage and during use. Insofar as the phospholipids are not self-emulsifying, so that they can be converted into the emulsion form using phylical methods alone, surfactants are added to support the formation of the emulsion. Anionic surfactants or mixtures of anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are particularly suitable, but also nonionic surfactants alone, preference being given in any case to rapidly and completely biodegradable surfactants.
Als geeignete anionische Tenside sind in erster Linie Seifen zu nennen, aber auch Alkylsulfate, insbesondere Fettalkoholsulfate sind einsetzbar. Weniger geeignet sind anionische Tenside auf petrochemischer Basis, wie beispielsweise Alkylbenzolsulfonat oder Alkylethersulfate. Ebenfalls ge¬ eignet sind Partialester der Phosphorsäure mit Fettalkoholen und dabei insbesondere entsprechende Partialester mit geradkettigen Fettalkoholen. Besonders geeignet sind hier die Ester kürzerkettiger Fettalkohole, also beispielsweise solcher mit C - Cirj-Alkoholen. Eingesetzt werden können jedoch auch Alkylphosphate mit längeren Fettalkoholresten, also C12 bis C24- Weiterhin eingesetzt werden können auch Fettalkoholetherphosphate. Es sind dies Phosphorsäurepartialester ethoxylierter Fettalkohole, wobei die Fettalkohole 8 bis 24 C-Atome aufweisen und mit 1 bis 10 Mol, vorzugsweise 4 bis 6 Mol Ethylenoxid pro Mol Fettalkohol ethoxyliert sind.Suitable anionic surfactants are primarily soaps, but alkyl sulfates, in particular fatty alcohol sulfates, can also be used. Anionic surfactants based on petrochemicals, such as, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonate or alkyl ether sulfates, are less suitable. Partial esters of phosphoric acid with fatty alcohols are also suitable, and in particular corresponding partial esters with straight-chain fatty alcohols. The esters of shorter-chain fatty alcohols, for example those with C 1 -C 10 alcohols, are particularly suitable here. However, alkyl phosphates with longer fatty alcohol residues, ie C12 to C24, can also be used. Fatty alcohol ether phosphates can also be used. These are phosphoric acid partial esters of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, the fatty alcohols having 8 to 24 carbon atoms and being ethoxylated with 1 to 10 mol, preferably 4 to 6 mol, of ethylene oxide per mol of fatty alcohol.
Bevorzugte nichtionische Tenside sind Alkylglykosidverbindungen, die be¬ vorzugt hergestellt worden sind aus geradkettigen Fettalkoholen mit wenig¬ stens 8 C-Atomen. Geeignete Alkylglykosidverbindungen enthalten beispiels¬ weise Fettalkoholreste des Bereichs Cß bis Ciβ, insbesondere Cχo bis C Q und weisen einen durchschnittlichen Polymerisationsgrad der Oligoglykosid- reste im Bereich von etwa 1,2 bis 5 auf. Entsprechende Alkylglykosidver¬ bindungen mit einem DP-Wert von etwa 1,5 bis 5 können insbesondere im Be¬ reich der HLB-Werte von etwa 10 bis 18 nicht nur als wirkungsvolle ten- sidische Zusatzstoffe vom O/W-Typ angesehen werden, sie zeichnen sich da¬ rüber hinaus durch eine besondere Bioverträglichkeit aus, die unter ande¬ rem durch ihre vergleichsweise rasche Abbaubarkeit mitbedingt ist. Neben oder anstelle der genannten nichtionischen Tenside können auch Sorbitan¬ ester eingesetzt werden, so beispielsweise Sorbitanmonostearat oder Sorbi- tanmonooleat. Gleichfalls einsetzbar, aber weniger zu empfehlen sind eth- oxylierte Sorbitanester und ethoxylierte langkettige C12 - Cig-Alkohole.Preferred nonionic surfactants are alkyl glycoside compounds, which have preferably been prepared from straight-chain fatty alcohols with at least 8 carbon atoms. Suitable alkyl glycoside compounds contain, for example, fatty alcohol residues in the range from Cβ to Ciβ, in particular Cχo to C Q and have an average degree of polymerization of the oligoglycoside residues in the range from about 1.2 to 5. Corresponding alkylglycoside compounds with a DP value of about 1.5 to 5, in particular in the range of the HLB values of about 10 to 18, can not only be regarded as effective surfactant additives of the O / W type, they characterize them is also characterized by a special biocompatibility, which is partly due to its comparatively rapid degradability. In addition to or instead of the nonionic surfactants mentioned, sorbitan esters can also be used, for example sorbitan monostearate or sorbitan monooleate. Likewise usable, but less recommendable are ethoxylated sorbitan esters and ethoxylated long-chain C12-Cig alcohols.
Neben oder anstelle solcher Tenside können aber auch Biotenside biologi¬ schen Ursprungs mitverwendet werden, als Beispiele seien benannt Sopho- roselipid, Trehaloselipid oder Lipopeptide, wie sie als Stoffwechselpro¬ dukte oder Membranbestandteile einer Mehrzahl von Mikroorganismenstämmen bekannt sind. Prinzipiell sind aber auch alle anderen Tenside für die er¬ findungsgemäßen Zwecke einsetzbar, soweit die damit gegebenenfalls verbun¬ denen Nachteile in Kauf genommen werden können.In addition to or instead of such surfactants, bio-surfactants of biological origin can also be used, examples include sophosoleipid, trehalose lipid or lipopeptides as are known as metabolic products or membrane components of a plurality of microorganism strains. In principle, however, all other surfactants can also be used for the purposes according to the invention, insofar as the disadvantages associated therewith can be accepted.
In den Phospholipidkonzentraten, wie sie zur Herstellung der erfindungs¬ gemäß einzusetzenden wäßrigen Zubereitung dienen, liegt die Konzentration an Tensiden vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 0,5 und etwa 5 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gewicht des gesamten Konzentrats. Bevorzugt werden Tensidkonzentrati- onen zwischen etwa 1 und etwa 3 Gew.-%.The concentration lies in the phospholipid concentrates, as they are used to prepare the aqueous preparation to be used according to the invention of surfactants preferably between about 0.5 and about 5% by weight based on the weight of the total concentrate. Surfactant concentrations between about 1 and about 3% by weight are preferred.
Sofern nötig, können den wäßrigen Phospholipidzubereitungen neben den Ten¬ siden auch noch weiter Konfektionierungshilfsmittel, beispielsweise Quell¬ mittel und Viskositätsregulatoren, wie etwa Stärke, Xanthan, Carboxyme- thylcellulose, Methylcellulose und Bentonit zugesetzt werden, um die La¬ gerstabilität und die Handhabbarkeit zu verbessern und die Freisetzungsge¬ schwindigkeit des Wirkstoffs zu beeinflussen.If necessary, in addition to the surfactants, further formulation aids, for example swelling agents and viscosity regulators, such as starch, xanthan, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and bentonite, can be added to the aqueous phospholipid preparations in order to improve storage stability and ease of handling and to influence the rate of release of the active ingredient.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der Phospholipide wird eine Verbes¬ serung der Bodenqualität und damit eine Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums unabhängig davon erreicht, ob zusätzlich auch noch andere Maßnahmen mit gleicher oder ähnlicher Zielrichtung durchgeführt werden. Selbstverständ¬ lich ist es aber auch möglich, die Phospholipide nicht allein anzuwenden, sondern das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren im Zusammenhang mit anderen Verfah¬ ren zur Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums und/oder der Bodenqualität an¬ zuwenden. So können beispielsweise zusätzlich Düngemaßnahmen ergriffen werden, die sowohl vor als auch nach Behandlung mit den Phospholipiden, aber auch gleichzeitig mit der Phospholipidbehandlung durchgeführt werden können. Im letzteren Falle kann es zweckmäßig sein, der wäßrigen Zuberei¬ tung, die die Phospholipide enthält, die Düngerwirkstoffe in der gewünsch¬ ten Konzentration zuzusetzen, so daß nur ein Arbeitsgang für die Ausbrin¬ gung erforderlich ist.With the use of the phospholipids according to the invention, an improvement in the soil quality and thus an improvement in plant growth is achieved regardless of whether other measures with the same or a similar aim are also carried out. Of course, it is also possible not to use the phospholipids alone, but to use the method according to the invention in connection with other methods for improving plant growth and / or soil quality. For example, additional fertilizing measures can be taken, which can be carried out both before and after treatment with the phospholipids, but also simultaneously with the phospholipid treatment. In the latter case, it may be expedient to add the fertilizer active ingredients in the desired concentration to the aqueous preparation which contains the phospholipids, so that only one operation is required for the application.
Als Düngerwirkstoffe eignen sich anorganische und organische Substanzen, die entweder unmittelbar oder nach chemischer Zersetzung im Substrat, auf dem die Pflanzen wachsen, die von den Pflanzen benötigten Elemente, ins¬ besondere Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium, Magnesium aber auch Spurenelemente wie Eisen, Mangan, Zink, Kupfer, Molybdän und Bor in einer von den Pflan¬ zen aufnehmbaren Form zur Verfügung stellen. So werden beispielsweise als schnellwirkende Stickstoffdünger Ammoniumsalze, Nitrate und Harnstoff ein¬ gesetzt, während bestimmte organische StickstoffVerbindungen, beispiels¬ weise Cyclodiharnstoff den Stickstoff nur langsam freisetzen und als De- potwirkstoffe anzusehen sind. In ähnlicher Weise werden die anderen Ele¬ mente üblicherweise in Form von mehr oder weniger wasserlösl chen Salzen eingesetzt. Beispiele dafür sind Ammonium-, Kalium-, Magnesium- und Cal- ciumphosphate, Kaliumsulfat, Kaliumchlorid, Kalium-Magnesiumsulfat, Magne¬ siumsulfat, Ammoniummolybdat, Zinksulfat sowie Borsäure. In den erfin¬ dungsgemäß verwendeten wäßrigen Zubereitungen der Phospholipide werden vorzugsweise als Düngewirkstoffe, Harnstoff, Ammoniumnitrat und Kaliumni¬ trat eingesetzt.Suitable fertilizer ingredients are inorganic and organic substances which, either immediately or after chemical decomposition in the substrate on which the plants grow, the elements required by the plants, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium but also trace elements such as iron, manganese, Provide zinc, copper, molybdenum and boron in a form that can be absorbed by the plants. For example, ammonium salts, nitrates and urea are used as fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers, while certain organic nitrogen compounds, for example cyclodiurea, only release the nitrogen slowly and as Potent active ingredients are to be viewed. Similarly, the other elements are usually used in the form of more or less water-soluble salts. Examples include ammonium, potassium, magnesium and calcium phosphates, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate and boric acid. In the aqueous preparations of the phospholipids used according to the invention, preference is given to using fertilizers, urea, ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate.
Die Menge an Düngewirkstoffen richtet sich nach dem Bedarf der jeweiligen Pflanzen, deren Wachstum verbessert werden soll, und wird gegebenenfalls nach den in der Landwirtschaft üblichen Berechnungsmethoden ermittelt. Das gleiche gilt für den Gehalt der Düngewirkstoffe in den zur Herstellung der wäßrigen Zubereitungen verwendeten Phospholipidkonzentraten unter Berück¬ sichtigung des Verdünnungsfaktors. So hat beispielsweise ein bevorzugtes flüssiges Konzentrat folgende Zusammensetzung:The amount of fertilizer depends on the needs of the respective plants whose growth is to be improved and is determined, if necessary, according to the calculation methods customary in agriculture. The same applies to the content of the active fertilizers in the phospholipid concentrates used for the preparation of the aqueous preparations, taking into account the dilution factor. For example, a preferred liquid concentrate has the following composition:
10 bis 30 Gew.- Lecithin und/oder Lecithinhydrolysat 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Harnstoff 1 bis 3 Gew.-% Tensid zu 100 Gew.-% Wasser und ggf. weitere Hilfsstoffe.10 to 30% by weight of lecithin and / or lecithin hydrolyzate 10 to 30% by weight of urea 1 to 3% by weight of surfactant to 100% by weight of water and optionally other auxiliaries.
Es wird vor der Ausbringung auf das Substrat vorzugsweise im Verhältnis 1:20 bis 1:100 mit Wasser verdünnt.Before application to the substrate, it is preferably diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20 to 1: 100.
In ähnlicher Weise können der Phospholipidzubereitung aber auch andere Wirkstoffe zugesetzt werden, die die Wirkung der Phospholipide unterstüt¬ zen oder aber unabhängig ihre Wirkung auf die Pflanzen entfalten sollen. Hier seien beispielsweise Vitamine und Pflanzenhormone, wie etwa Gibbere- line, Auxine und Indolessigsäure genannt. Auch für diese Wirkstoffe gilt selbstverständlich, daß ihre Konzentration in den Phospholipidzubereitun- gen entsprechend der gewünschten Wirkung gewählt wird.In a similar way, however, other active ingredients can be added to the phospholipid preparation, which support the action of the phospholipids or which should independently develop their effect on the plants. Vitamins and plant hormones such as Gibbereline, auxins and indole acetic acid may be mentioned here, for example. Of course, it also applies to these active ingredients that their concentration in the phospholipid preparations is selected in accordance with the desired effect.
Die Ausbringung der wäßrigen Zubereitungen geschieht vorzugsweise so, daß die Flüssigkeit unmittelbar auf das Substrat, auf dem die Pflanzen wach- sen, aufgebracht wird. Dabei wird üblicherweise die gesamte Substratfläche behandelt, die den Wurzeln der Zielpflanzen zugänglich ist. Die Phospholi¬ pidzubereitungen dringen schnell in den Boden ein und entwickeln dann un¬ mittelbar ihre Wirkung. Bei dichtstehenden Kulturen, beispielsweise auch bei Rasenflächen, ist es aber auch ohne weiteres möglich, die Phospholi¬ pidzubereitungen im Beregnungsverfahren so auszubringen, daß zwischenzeit¬ lich auch eine Benetzung von Pflanzenoberflächen stattfindet, sofern die Zubereitungen so zusammengesetzt sind, daß eine Schädigung der Pflanzen, beispielsweise auch beim Antrocknen der Zubereitung, ausgeschlossen ist. Unter Berücksichtigung der geschilderten Gegebenheiten sind für die Aus¬ bringung der wäßrigen Zubereitungen alle die Geräte geeignet, wie sie auch zur Ausbringung anderer wäßriger Flüssigkeiten, beispielsweise von Flüs¬ sigdüngern, auf die Substrate oder auf die Kulturen verwendet werden. So können die Phospholipidzubereitungen beispielsweise auch dem Wasser von Bewässerungsanlagen in geeigneter Konzentration zugesetzt und auf diese Weise dem Substrat, auf dem die Pflanzen wachsen, zugeführt werden. The aqueous preparations are preferably applied in such a way that the liquid is applied directly to the substrate on which the plants are growing. sen is applied. The entire substrate area that is accessible to the roots of the target plants is usually treated. The phospholipid preparations quickly penetrate into the soil and then develop their effect immediately. In the case of dense crops, for example also in lawns, it is also readily possible to apply the phospholipid preparations in the irrigation process in such a way that wetting of plant surfaces also takes place in the meantime, provided the preparations are composed such that the plants are damaged, for example, when the preparation dries out. Taking into account the circumstances described, all the devices suitable for the application of the aqueous preparations are those which are also used for applying other aqueous liquids, for example liquid fertilizers, to the substrates or to the crops. For example, the phospholipid preparations can also be added to the water of irrigation systems in a suitable concentration and in this way supplied to the substrate on which the plants grow.
BeispieleExamples
Die Wirkung der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Phospholipide wurde an Ein¬ zelpflanzen der Gattung Impatiens (Fleißiges Lieschen) geprüft, die zu je drei Stück in Balkonkästen auf nährstofffreier Erde gezogen wurden. Die Kästen wurden im Freien aufgestellt und eine Wachstumsperiode lang (Mai bis September) neben der normalen Bewässerung einmal wöchentlich mit den Prüflösungen behandelt. Je drei Kästen wurden mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Lösung und mit einer Vergleichslösung mit gleichem Gehalt an Stickstoff und Phosphor behandelt. Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlungslösung wurde durch Verdünnen eines wäßrigen Konzentrats mit Wasser in Verhältnis 1 : 70 her¬ gestellt, wobei das Konzentrat folgende Zusammensetzung hatte:The effect of the phospholipids used according to the invention was tested on individual plants of the genus Impatiens (hard-working Lieschen), each of which were grown in three boxes in balcony boxes on nutrient-free soil. The boxes were set up outdoors and treated with the test solutions once a week in addition to normal irrigation for a growing period (May to September). Three boxes each were treated with a solution according to the invention and with a comparison solution with the same nitrogen and phosphorus content. The treatment solution according to the invention was prepared by diluting an aqueous concentrate with water in a ratio of 1:70, the concentrate having the following composition:
teilhydrolisiertes Lecithin 200 gpartially hydrolyzed lecithin 200 g
Harnstoff 200 gUrea 200 g
Alkylpolyglucosid, 50 %ig (APG 600 CSUP, Henkel) 20 gAlkyl polyglucoside, 50% (APG 600 CSUP, Henkel) 20 g
Wasser 580 g.Water 580 g.
Die als Vergleich verwendete Lösung wurde ebenfalls durch Verdünnen mit Wasser im Verhältnis 1 : 70 aus einem Konzentrat hergestellt, daß jedoch kein Phospholipid enthielt, sondern bei gleichem Gehalt an Phosphor und Stickstoff nur aus Monoammoniumphosphat, Harnstoff und Wasser bestand. Die Aufwandmenge betrug in beiden Fällen 600 ml pro Kasten einmal wöchentlich, so daß pro Woche jedem Kasten 882 mg N und 203 mg P2O5 zur Verfügung ge¬ stellt wurde.The solution used as a comparison was also prepared by dilution with water in a ratio of 1:70 from a concentrate which, however, did not contain any phospholipid but instead consisted only of monoammonium phosphate, urea and water with the same phosphorus and nitrogen content. In both cases, the application rate was 600 ml per box once a week, so that 882 mg of N and 203 mg of P2O5 were made available to each box per week.
Die Bonitur der Versuchspflanzen erfolgte wöchentlich. Nahezu über den gesamten Versuchszeitraum zeigten die Pflanzen in den erfindungsgemäß be¬ handelten Kästen einen kräftigeren Wuchs, eine intensivere Blattfärbung und eine stärkere Blühwilligkeit als die Pflanzen in den Vergleichskästen. The test plants were scored weekly. For almost the entire test period, the plants in the boxes treated according to the invention showed vigorous growth, more intense leaf coloring and greater flowering capacity than the plants in the comparison boxes.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verwendung von Phospholipiden zur Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Substrat, auf dem die Pflanzen wachsen oder wachsen sollen, Phospholipide zugesetzt werden und dadurch die im Substrat lebenden Mikroorganismen stimuliert werden.1. Use of phospholipids to improve plant growth, characterized in that phospholipids are added to the substrate on which the plants grow or are supposed to grow, thereby stimulating the microorganisms living in the substrate.
2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der als Phospholipide Lecithin, Leci¬ thinhydrolysate oder chemisch modifizierte Lecithine eingesetzt wer¬ den.2. Use according to claim 1, in which lecithin, lecithin hydrolyzates or chemically modified lecithins are used as phospholipids.
3. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei der pro Quadratmeter Substratoberfläche 0,5 bis 30 g, vorzugsweise 1 bis 20 g Phospholipid in verdünnter wäßriger Zubereitung ausgebracht werden.3. Use according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which 0.5 to 30 g, preferably 1 to 20 g, of phospholipid are applied in a dilute aqueous preparation per square meter of substrate surface.
4. Verwendung nach Anspruch 3, bei dem die verdünnte wäßrige Zubereitung 1 bis 20 g, vorzugsweise 2 bis 9 g Phospholipid pro Liter enthält.4. Use according to claim 3, in which the dilute aqueous preparation contains 1 to 20 g, preferably 2 to 9 g, of phospholipid per liter.
5. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, bei der das Phospholipid in der wäßrigen Zubereitung mittels geeigneter Hilfsstoffe, vorzugs¬ weise oberflächenaktiver Substanzen, stabil emulgiert ist.5. Use according to one of claims 3 or 4, in which the phospholipid in the aqueous preparation is stably emulsified by means of suitable auxiliaries, preferably surface-active substances.
6. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei der dem Substrat gleichzeitig mit dem Phospholipid übliche anorganische oder organische Düngerstoffe für Pflanzen zugesetzt werden.6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which conventional inorganic or organic fertilizers for plants are added to the substrate simultaneously with the phospholipid.
7. Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums, bei dem eine konzen¬ trierte Zubereitung von Phospholipiden zunächst mit Wasser verdünnt und dann dem Substrat, auf dem die Pflanzen wachsen oder wachsen sol¬ len, in einer zur Stimulierung der in diesem Substrat lebenden Mikro¬ organismen ausreichenden Menge zugesetzt wird.7. Process for improving plant growth, in which a concentrated preparation of phospholipids is first diluted with water and then the substrate on which the plants grow or are supposed to grow in a sufficient amount to stimulate the microorganisms living in this substrate Amount is added.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei dem die konzentrierte Phospholipidzube- reitung eine wäßrige Flüssigkeit ist. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the concentrated phospholipid preparation is an aqueous liquid.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, bei dem das Phospholipid- konzentrat zusätzlich Düngerwirkstoffe und ggf. weitere Wirkstoffe, sowie Tenside und ggf. weitere Konfektionierungshilfs ittel enthält.9. The method according to any one of claims 7 or 8, in which the phospholipid concentrate additionally contains fertilizer active ingredients and possibly further active ingredients, as well as surfactants and possibly further packaging aids.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei dem das Phospholipid- konzentrat folgende Zusammensetzung hat10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the phospholipid concentrate has the following composition
10 bis 30 Gew.-% Lecithin und/oder Lecithinhydrolysat 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Harnstoff 1 bis 3 Gew.-% Tensid zu 100 Gew.- Wasser und ggf. weiter Hilfsstoffe10 to 30% by weight of lecithin and / or lecithin hydrolyzate 10 to 30% by weight of urea 1 to 3% by weight of surfactant to 100% by weight of water and optionally further auxiliaries
und dieses Konzentrat vor Ausbringung auf das Substrat im Verhältnis 1:20 bis 1:100 mit Wasser verdünnt wird. and this concentrate is diluted 1:20 to 1: 100 with water before application to the substrate.
PCT/EP1995/004004 1994-10-19 1995-10-11 Use of phospholipids to improve plant growth WO1996012685A1 (en)

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