WO1995004014A1 - Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions - Google Patents
Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995004014A1 WO1995004014A1 PCT/US1994/008781 US9408781W WO9504014A1 WO 1995004014 A1 WO1995004014 A1 WO 1995004014A1 US 9408781 W US9408781 W US 9408781W WO 9504014 A1 WO9504014 A1 WO 9504014A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxidizer
- fuel
- anhydrous
- particles
- group
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0066—Shaping the mixture by granulation, e.g. flaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for making novel gas generating compositions which are useful for inflating automobile air bags and similar devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for making gas generating pyrotechnic compositions based on anhydrous tetrazole compounds as a primary fuel.
- a proposed replacement for the conventional sodium azide-fueled gas generant must be capable of being manufactured and formed into a pill, pellet, extruded cylinder, or other desired shape charge.
- the desired shape typically a pellet, must be capable of retaining structural integrity.
- Various methods have heretofore been proposed for processing gas generant compositions to obtain shaped charges such as pellets.
- different gas generant compositions behave differently during the pelletizing process, and particular process conditions suitable for fabricating objects composed of one gas generant are not necessarily applicable to processing or fabricating objects, such as pellets, composed of a different gas generant composition.
- shaped charges such as a pellets, comprised of non-azide tetrazole-fueled gas generating compositions which are based on substantially nontoxic starting materials and which produce substantially nontoxic reaction products. It would be, in particular, an advancement in the art to produce combustion gases which primarily consist of nitrogen, with lesser amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor so as not to exceed allowable occupant exposure standards for carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. It would be another advancement in the art to prepare shaped charges, such as pellets, comprised of gas generating compositions which combust to produce limited particulate debris and limited undesir ⁇ able gaseous products. It would also be an advancement in the art to prepare pellets comprised of gas generating compositions which combust and form a readily filterable solid slag upon reaction.
- the method according to the present invention overcomes or minimizes processing difficulties encountered in manufacturing shaped charges, such as pellets, from anhydrous tetrazole-fueled gas generant compositions.
- a method according to the present invention involves obtaining a desired quantity of gas generating material comprising particles of at least one oxidizer and particles of at least one tetrazole as the fuel; preparing a wet mixture containing the gas generating material; drying the material to an anhydrous condition having a specified weight average particle size; and pressing the anhydrous material into pellets.
- the gas generating material is preferably pelletized from anhydrous granules obtained from a wet mixture which can be agglomerated, such as a granulatable slurry or paste.
- the particle sizes of the oxidizer and the tetrazole fuel can also be controlled within pre-selected number average particle size ranges when preparing the slurry or paste.
- the present method involves preparing shaped charges, such as pellets, from an anhydrous gas generating composition by forming a quantity of granulated anhydrous gas generating material into a shaped charge wherein the gas generating material comprises an oxidizer and a non-azide fuel which is of the tetrazole class.
- the slurry can be obtained by blending effective amounts of a fuel from the tetrazole class, and an oxidizer in sufficient amounts of a medium, such as water. It is not necessary nor particularly desirable that the fuel and/or oxidizer be rendered anhydrous prior to mixing.
- the slurry can be prepared in one step or in a series of steps.
- the number average particle size of the tetrazole fuel used in preparing the slurry can be in the range of from about 1 micron to about 100 microns, although a range of about 10 microns to about 40 microns is presently preferred.
- the number average particle size of the oxidizer, such as CuO, used in preparing the slurry can be in the range of from about 1 micron to about 20 microns, although a range of about 3 microns to about 10 microns is presently preferred, such as a number average particle size greater than about 5 microns.
- Sub- micron sized oxidizer particles are not presently preferred because the pellets ultimately produced have been observed to crumble and lose pellet integrity within 24 hours at Rh 45%.
- the medium is water.
- solvents in which the tetrazole exhibits some.solubility may be used such as volatile organic solvents such as, for instance, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol, and ketones such as acetone or methylethyl ketone.
- the amount of water is generally selected to be sufficient to obtain a granulatable slurry, or a compactable powder which can be granulated or rendered granulatable.
- the slurry can comprise less than about 50 % by weight water with the gas generating ingredients comprising the remainder.
- the slurry can comprise about 3% to about 40% by weight water and from about 60% to about 97% by weight of the gas generating composition, although it is preferred to use at least about 20 % by weight and up to about 40 % by weight water. Predictability of ballistic performance may be adversely affected by straying substantially beyond the preferred water concentration.
- a selected amount of water and the gas generating compositions can be mixed to obtain a damp compactable powder.
- the damp powder can, if desired, be mixed with additional water to obtain a slurry material having a paste-like consistency.
- oxidizers include a metal nitrate such as, for instance, an alkali metal nitrate or strontium nitrate, a metal nitrite such as, for instance, an alkali metal nitrite or a nitrite of, for instance, strontium, cobalt or chromium, a metal chlorate such as, for instance, KC10 3 , a metal perchlorate such as, for instance, NaC10 4 , KC10 4 and the like, a metal peroxide such as, for instance, an alkaline earth peroxide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate and the like.
- a metal nitrate such as, for instance, an alkali metal nitrate or strontium nitrate
- a metal nitrite such as, for instance, an alkali metal nitrite or a nitrite of, for instance, strontium, cobalt or chromium
- a metal chlorate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002167386A CA2167386C (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1994-08-02 | Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions |
AU75537/94A AU7553794A (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1994-08-02 | Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions |
JP7506072A JPH09501138A (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1994-08-02 | Method for producing anhydrous tetrazole / gas generant composition |
EP94925726A EP0723530A4 (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1994-08-02 | Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/101,396 | 1993-08-02 | ||
US08/101,396 US5682014A (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1993-08-02 | Bitetrazoleamine gas generant compositions |
US08/162,596 | 1993-12-03 | ||
US08/162,596 US5501823A (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1993-12-03 | Preparation of anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions |
US08/178,572 | 1994-01-07 | ||
US08/178,572 US5472647A (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1994-01-07 | Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995004014A1 true WO1995004014A1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
Family
ID=27379179
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1994/008781 WO1995004014A1 (en) | 1993-08-02 | 1994-08-02 | Method for preparing anhydrous tetrazole gas generant compositions |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0723530A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09501138A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7553794A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2167386C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995004014A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0694511A1 (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-01-31 | Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. | Gas generator composition, process for producing tablet therefrom, and transportation method |
EP0735013A1 (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-10-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Process for the preparation of gas-generating compositions |
EP0736506A1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-09 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions containing stabilizer |
EP0765299A1 (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-04-02 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generating compositions with a built-in catalyst |
EP0805789A1 (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1997-11-12 | Thiokol Corporation | Methods of preparing gas generant formulations |
EP0880485A2 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-12-02 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generating compositions |
EP0944562A1 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1999-09-29 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Autoignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
EP0948734A2 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-10-13 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generant compositions |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5682014A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1997-10-28 | Thiokol Corporation | Bitetrazoleamine gas generant compositions |
Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3719604A (en) * | 1970-02-03 | 1973-03-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Pressurizing-gas-producing charges containing an aminoguanidine tetrazole and an oxygen-liberating or gas-evolving additive |
US3862866A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1975-01-28 | Specialty Products Dev Corp | Gas generator composition and method |
US3909322A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1975-09-30 | Us Navy | Solid gas generating and gun propellant compositions containing a nitroaminotetrazole salt |
US3912561A (en) * | 1972-10-17 | 1975-10-14 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Pyrotechnic compositions for gas generation |
US3940298A (en) * | 1974-12-06 | 1976-02-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Thermal laser pumped with high nitrogen content propellants |
US3971729A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-07-27 | Specialty Products Development Corporation | Preparation of gas generation grain |
US3996079A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-12-07 | Canadian Industries, Ltd. | Metal oxide/azide gas generating compositions |
US4369079A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1983-01-18 | Thiokol Corporation | Solid non-azide nitrogen gas generant compositions |
US4444606A (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1984-04-24 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs | Process for the manufacture of fine propellant powders by granulation, and powders thus obtained |
US4450768A (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1984-05-29 | Schlumberger Technical Corporation | Shaped charge and method of making it |
US4929290A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-05-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Crash bag propellant composition and method for generating nitrogen gas |
US4948439A (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-08-14 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Composition and process for inflating a safety crash bag |
US5034070A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1991-07-23 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Gas generating material |
US5035757A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1991-07-30 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Azide-free gas generant composition with easily filterable combustion products |
US5053086A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1991-10-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Gas generant compositions containing energetic high nitrogen binders |
US5125684A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-06-30 | Hercules Incorporated | Extrudable gas generating propellants, method and apparatus |
US5198046A (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1993-03-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschund E.V. | Stable, nitrogen-rich composition |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3920575A (en) * | 1973-03-03 | 1975-11-18 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Gas generating composition and method of preparing compression molded articles therefrom |
US4533416A (en) * | 1979-11-07 | 1985-08-06 | Rockcor, Inc. | Pelletizable propellant |
CZ291570B6 (en) * | 1991-06-21 | 2003-04-16 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Propellant for gas generators, process of its preparation and use |
US5197758A (en) * | 1991-10-09 | 1993-03-30 | Morton International, Inc. | Non-azide gas generant formulation, method, and apparatus |
-
1994
- 1994-08-02 AU AU75537/94A patent/AU7553794A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-08-02 WO PCT/US1994/008781 patent/WO1995004014A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-02 EP EP94925726A patent/EP0723530A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-08-02 CA CA002167386A patent/CA2167386C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-02 JP JP7506072A patent/JPH09501138A/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3719604A (en) * | 1970-02-03 | 1973-03-06 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Pressurizing-gas-producing charges containing an aminoguanidine tetrazole and an oxygen-liberating or gas-evolving additive |
US3909322A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1975-09-30 | Us Navy | Solid gas generating and gun propellant compositions containing a nitroaminotetrazole salt |
US3862866A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1975-01-28 | Specialty Products Dev Corp | Gas generator composition and method |
US3912561A (en) * | 1972-10-17 | 1975-10-14 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Pyrotechnic compositions for gas generation |
US3971729A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-07-27 | Specialty Products Development Corporation | Preparation of gas generation grain |
US3996079A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-12-07 | Canadian Industries, Ltd. | Metal oxide/azide gas generating compositions |
US3940298A (en) * | 1974-12-06 | 1976-02-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Thermal laser pumped with high nitrogen content propellants |
US4444606A (en) * | 1980-11-14 | 1984-04-24 | Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs | Process for the manufacture of fine propellant powders by granulation, and powders thus obtained |
US4369079A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1983-01-18 | Thiokol Corporation | Solid non-azide nitrogen gas generant compositions |
US4450768A (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1984-05-29 | Schlumberger Technical Corporation | Shaped charge and method of making it |
US5053086A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1991-10-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Gas generant compositions containing energetic high nitrogen binders |
US4929290A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-05-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Crash bag propellant composition and method for generating nitrogen gas |
US4948439A (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-08-14 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Composition and process for inflating a safety crash bag |
US5034070A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1991-07-23 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Gas generating material |
US5035757A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1991-07-30 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Azide-free gas generant composition with easily filterable combustion products |
US5198046A (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1993-03-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschund E.V. | Stable, nitrogen-rich composition |
US5125684A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1992-06-30 | Hercules Incorporated | Extrudable gas generating propellants, method and apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0723530A4 * |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0694511A1 (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-01-31 | Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. | Gas generator composition, process for producing tablet therefrom, and transportation method |
EP0694511A4 (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1997-02-26 | Nippon Koki Kk | Gas generator composition, process for producing tablet therefrom, and transportation method |
EP0805789A4 (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 2000-09-06 | Cordant Tech Inc | Methods of preparing gas generant formulations |
EP0805789A1 (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1997-11-12 | Thiokol Corporation | Methods of preparing gas generant formulations |
EP0735013A1 (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-10-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Process for the preparation of gas-generating compositions |
EP0736506A1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1996-10-09 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions containing stabilizer |
EP0765299A4 (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1998-09-09 | Automotive Systems Lab | Nonazide gas generating compositions with a built-in catalyst |
EP0765299A1 (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1997-04-02 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generating compositions with a built-in catalyst |
EP0880485A2 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-12-02 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generating compositions |
EP0880485A4 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 2000-05-17 | Automotive Systems Lab | Nonazide gas generating compositions |
EP0944562A1 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1999-09-29 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Autoignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
EP0944562A4 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 2000-02-23 | Automotive Systems Lab | Autoignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
EP0948734A2 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-10-13 | Automotive Systems Laboratory Inc. | Nonazide gas generant compositions |
EP0948734A4 (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 2000-08-23 | Automotive Systems Lab | Nonazide gas generant compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0723530A1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
JPH09501138A (en) | 1997-02-04 |
CA2167386C (en) | 1999-10-05 |
EP0723530A4 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
CA2167386A1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
AU7553794A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
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