WO1994023144A1 - Wall structure and building erection system based thereon - Google Patents

Wall structure and building erection system based thereon Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994023144A1
WO1994023144A1 PCT/FI1994/000124 FI9400124W WO9423144A1 WO 1994023144 A1 WO1994023144 A1 WO 1994023144A1 FI 9400124 W FI9400124 W FI 9400124W WO 9423144 A1 WO9423144 A1 WO 9423144A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
wall structure
structural elements
anchor
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1994/000124
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ukko-Tuomo Havas
Original Assignee
Tuomo Havas Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tuomo Havas Oy filed Critical Tuomo Havas Oy
Priority to AU63784/94A priority Critical patent/AU6378494A/en
Priority to PL94310991A priority patent/PL173123B1/en
Priority to DE4491908T priority patent/DE4491908T1/en
Publication of WO1994023144A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994023144A1/en
Priority to SE9503306A priority patent/SE503766C2/en
Priority to LVP-95-330A priority patent/LV11348B/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
    • E04B2/702—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also concerns a building erection system based on said wall structure.
  • the invention is based on the concept of fabricating standard-dimension building elements made from smallwood into modules suited to erection of different kinds of buildings in a simple manner.
  • the approach according to the invention offers a plurality of significant benefits. Accordingly, it permits rapid and inexpensive erection of buildings such as dwellings using locally available materials and simple erection techniques.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly use ⁇ ful in housing programs requiring erection of a large number of houses with certain basic standard of specifica ⁇ tion not including a high standard of furnishing or long service life.
  • Such housing programs include, e.g., housing of fugitives or development of new rural communities necessitated by land ownership reforms .
  • Further applica ⁇ tions can be found in, e.g., erection of storage huts, fishing and hunting huts and recreational housings .
  • Figure 1 is a partially sectional top view of a wall structure according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is perspective view of a structural element used in a wall structure
  • Figure 3 is a top view of an extension joint and a corner joint of the wall structure
  • Figure 4 is a side view of an extension joint and a corner joint of the wall structure
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of an extension joint of the wall structure.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a corner joint of the wall structure.
  • the wall structure comprises an exterior wall 1 and an interior wall 2, as well as the intermediate space 3 between them suited to accommodate, e.g., insulation.
  • the exterior wall 1 and the interior wall 2 are formed by structural elements 4 laid superimposedly.
  • the exterior walls 1 and the interior walls 2 are connected by anchor elements 5 which are inserted between the super ⁇ imposedly laid structural elements 4.
  • a structural element 4 according to the invention is shown.
  • the upper side 6 and/or the lower side 7 of the structural element are worked crosswise to the element to incorporate a notch 8, 9 extending over the entire width of the element.
  • the structural element 4 has one or a greater number of the notches depending on the type of the building and location of the structural element in the wall structure.
  • the structural element 4 and the anchor element 5 are made from wood having advantageously a diameter in the range 80-150 mm. Thus, such smallwood can be used by sawing and working it into such a minilog element according to the invention having cross-sectional dimensions h x d advantageously as 50x50 mm, while the length of the blocks can be varied according to the application.
  • the width of the notches 8, 9 in the structural element 4 is advantageously equal to the width of the anchor element 5 or the other structural element to be joined.
  • the depth of the notch is advantageously 1/4 of height of the structural element, whereby also the notch on the anchor element has equal depth. Then, alternating laying of the structural elements and the anchor elements provides a rigid structure. As the dimensional accuracy in the fabrication of the structural elements and the anchor elements is essential, the elements are preferredly planed to essentially standard cross-sectional dimensions.
  • the depth of notches on the elements can be varied from that mentioned above.
  • the successively adjoining struc ⁇ tural elements 4 are in an extension joint laid partially longitudinally overlapping, whereby at least one anchor element 5 is advantageously fitted to said extension joint of this wall structure at the point where the structural elements are overlapping.
  • the anchor element 5 its notches 10, 11 are matched by the corresponding notches 8, 9 of the structural element, whereby the length of the anchor element notch 10, 11 is made essentially equal to the width of two structural elements (cf. Fig. 5) .
  • the diagram also illustrates a corner joint in which the per ⁇ pendicularly joining structural elements 4 are laid layer by layer.
  • the structural elements 4 of the exterior wall 1 and the interior wall 2 are shown ready for laying an extension joint.
  • the notches 8, 9 in the longi ⁇ tudinally ovelappingly laid structural elements are shown aligned over each other, whereby the anchor elements 5 can be inserted in the notches.
  • a single anchor element 5 is sufficient, while in long sections and other cases requiring improved stiffness, two anchor elements 5 can be used at the extension joint.
  • the next structural element layer is laid, and so on, until the desired wall height has been attained.
  • a corner joint is shown employing he wall structure according to the invention at the corners of the building.
  • the elements are laid layer by layer so as to lock the laid structural elements into the notches of the underlying layers.
  • the module dimensions h x d x L are 50x50x2400 mm.
  • wood having a diameter of 80 - 150 mm and lengths of 2.5 m and 4.9 m, as well as 3.1 m, can be used from which, e.g., anchor element lengths of 400 mm and short structural elements of 700 mm length can be fabricated.
  • anchor element lengths of 400 mm and short structural elements of 700 mm length are required when making openings for, e.g., doors and windows in the wall structure.
  • the structural elements are used as follows. The foundation of the building is made conventionally. On the footings are placed floor joists, advantageously 100x100 mm lumber, for instance.
  • the floor joists are preferredly fixed to the footings by means of an fixture element such as an anchor bolt.
  • the subfloor layer of the ground floor is made from the structural elements, which are fixed to the floor joist by means of, e.g., nailing.
  • the laying of the wall structure is advantageously started from said lowest layer of the ground floor.
  • the wall structure is laid layer by layer, whereby the starting levels of the intersecting walls joined to each other by a corner joint are displaced by a level difference which advantageously is half the height of the structural element.
  • the anchor elements placed at the corner and extension joints provide the lateral stiffness of the wall structure.
  • the finished wall structure can be tightened by means of, e.g., a vertical tightening element such as a bolt.
  • a joist lattice on which the ceiling is built onto the wall structure is placed.
  • the top level of the ceiling is made from the structural elements which are fixed to the ceiling joists by nailing in the same manner as the subfloor layer of the ground floor. Required insulations are placed to the ceiling and the walls.
  • the roof construction of the building erected in accordance with the present erection system is made in a conventional manner.

Abstract

The invention is related to a wall structure comprising an exterior wall (1) and an interior wall (2), as well as an intermediate space (3) thereof suited to accommodate, e.g., an insulation. The exterior wall (1) and the interior wall (2) are built from superimposedly laid structural elements (4) and that at least one anchor element (5) is adapted between the structural elements (4) to join said exterior wall and said interior wall. The invention also concerns a building erection system which uses said wall structure.

Description

Wall structure and building erection system based thereon
The present invention relates to a wall structure according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also concerns a building erection system based on said wall structure.
The art of erecting wooden and log wall houses conven¬ tionally uses wood or logs obtained from softwood trunks having a diameter greater than 15 cm. Such a conventional erection is relatively expensive and always requires the availability of massive wood material and heavy erection equipment.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an approach suited to rapid and inexpensive erection of build¬ ings such as dwellings using small-diameter wood such as is conventionally used as pulpwood in pulp and paper industry and may remain unharvested in the woodlands in the form of tree tops.
The invention is based on the concept of fabricating standard-dimension building elements made from smallwood into modules suited to erection of different kinds of buildings in a simple manner.
The invention is characterized by what is stated in the annexed claims .
The approach according to the invention offers a plurality of significant benefits. Accordingly, it permits rapid and inexpensive erection of buildings such as dwellings using locally available materials and simple erection techniques. The method according to the invention is particularly use¬ ful in housing programs requiring erection of a large number of houses with certain basic standard of specifica¬ tion not including a high standard of furnishing or long service life. Such housing programs include, e.g., housing of fugitives or development of new rural communities necessitated by land ownership reforms . Further applica¬ tions can be found in, e.g., erection of storage huts, fishing and hunting huts and recreational housings .
The invention is next examined with reference to the appended drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a partially sectional top view of a wall structure according to the invention;
Figure 2 is perspective view of a structural element used in a wall structure;
Figure 3 is a top view of an extension joint and a corner joint of the wall structure;
Figure 4 is a side view of an extension joint and a corner joint of the wall structure;
Figure 5 is a perspective view of an extension joint of the wall structure; and
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a corner joint of the wall structure.
With reference to Fig. 1, the wall structure comprises an exterior wall 1 and an interior wall 2, as well as the intermediate space 3 between them suited to accommodate, e.g., insulation. The exterior wall 1 and the interior wall 2 are formed by structural elements 4 laid superimposedly. The exterior walls 1 and the interior walls 2 are connected by anchor elements 5 which are inserted between the super¬ imposedly laid structural elements 4.
With reference to Fig. 2, a structural element 4 according to the invention is shown. The upper side 6 and/or the lower side 7 of the structural element are worked crosswise to the element to incorporate a notch 8, 9 extending over the entire width of the element. The structural element 4 has one or a greater number of the notches depending on the type of the building and location of the structural element in the wall structure. The structural element 4 and the anchor element 5 are made from wood having advantageously a diameter in the range 80-150 mm. Thus, such smallwood can be used by sawing and working it into such a minilog element according to the invention having cross-sectional dimensions h x d advantageously as 50x50 mm, while the length of the blocks can be varied according to the application. The width of the notches 8, 9 in the structural element 4 is advantageously equal to the width of the anchor element 5 or the other structural element to be joined. The depth of the notch is advantageously 1/4 of height of the structural element, whereby also the notch on the anchor element has equal depth. Then, alternating laying of the structural elements and the anchor elements provides a rigid structure. As the dimensional accuracy in the fabrication of the structural elements and the anchor elements is essential, the elements are preferredly planed to essentially standard cross-sectional dimensions.
When necessary, the depth of notches on the elements can be varied from that mentioned above.
With reference to Fig. 3, the successively adjoining struc¬ tural elements 4 are in an extension joint laid partially longitudinally overlapping, whereby at least one anchor element 5 is advantageously fitted to said extension joint of this wall structure at the point where the structural elements are overlapping. For the anchor element 5, its notches 10, 11 are matched by the corresponding notches 8, 9 of the structural element, whereby the length of the anchor element notch 10, 11 is made essentially equal to the width of two structural elements (cf. Fig. 5) . The diagram also illustrates a corner joint in which the per¬ pendicularly joining structural elements 4 are laid layer by layer.
With reference to Fig. 4, the joints illustrated in Fig. 3 are shown in a side view.
With reference to Fig. 5, the structural elements 4 of the exterior wall 1 and the interior wall 2 are shown ready for laying an extension joint. The notches 8, 9 in the longi¬ tudinally ovelappingly laid structural elements are shown aligned over each other, whereby the anchor elements 5 can be inserted in the notches. In short wall sections a single anchor element 5 is sufficient, while in long sections and other cases requiring improved stiffness, two anchor elements 5 can be used at the extension joint. After the insertion of the anchor element, the next structural element layer is laid, and so on, until the desired wall height has been attained.
With reference to Fig. 6, a corner joint is shown employing he wall structure according to the invention at the corners of the building. In the joint formed by the ortho¬ gonally joining structural elements 4, the elements are laid layer by layer so as to lock the laid structural elements into the notches of the underlying layers.
In an advantageous embodiment of the structural element, the module dimensions h x d x L are 50x50x2400 mm. Then, wood having a diameter of 80 - 150 mm and lengths of 2.5 m and 4.9 m, as well as 3.1 m, can be used from which, e.g., anchor element lengths of 400 mm and short structural elements of 700 mm length can be fabricated. Such short elements are required when making openings for, e.g., doors and windows in the wall structure. In an advantageous exemplifying embodiment of the inven¬ tion, the structural elements are used as follows. The foundation of the building is made conventionally. On the footings are placed floor joists, advantageously 100x100 mm lumber, for instance. The floor joists are preferredly fixed to the footings by means of an fixture element such as an anchor bolt. The subfloor layer of the ground floor is made from the structural elements, which are fixed to the floor joist by means of, e.g., nailing. The laying of the wall structure is advantageously started from said lowest layer of the ground floor. The wall structure is laid layer by layer, whereby the starting levels of the intersecting walls joined to each other by a corner joint are displaced by a level difference which advantageously is half the height of the structural element. The anchor elements placed at the corner and extension joints provide the lateral stiffness of the wall structure. The finished wall structure can be tightened by means of, e.g., a vertical tightening element such as a bolt.
After the desired height of the building is reached, onto the wall structure is placed a joist lattice on which the ceiling is built. The top level of the ceiling is made from the structural elements which are fixed to the ceiling joists by nailing in the same manner as the subfloor layer of the ground floor. Required insulations are placed to the ceiling and the walls.
The roof construction of the building erected in accordance with the present erection system is made in a conventional manner.
For those versed in the art it is obvious that the inven¬ tion is not limited by the exemplifying embodiment described above, but rather, can be varied within the scope and spirit of the annexed claims.

Claims

Claims;
1. A wall structure comprising an exterior wall (1) and an interior wall (2) with an intermediate space (3) to accom- modate, e.g., an insulation, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said exterior wall (1) and said interior wall (2) are built from superimposedly laid structural elements (4) and that at least one anchor element (5) is adapted between the structural elements (4) to join said exterior wall and said interior wall.
2. A wall structure as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that to the upper side (6) of the struc¬ tural element (4) and/or to the lower side (7) thereof are fabricated to incorporate at least one notch (8, 9) or similar recess and that at least one of the sides of the anchor element (5) facing the structural element (4) are fabricated to incorporate at least one notch (10) .
3. A wall structure as defined in claim 1 or 2, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that the successively adjoining structural elements (4) are arranged to at least partially overlap longitudinally, whereby at least one anchor element (5) is advantageously adapted at the extension point of the wall structure where the superimposedly laid structural elements overlap.
4. A wall structure as defined in any of foregoing claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said structural elements (4) and said anchor elements (5) have identical cross-sectional dimensions.
5. A wall structure as defined in any of foregoing claims 1-4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the depth of the notch (8, 9, 10, 11) in respectively each structural and/or anchor element (4, 5) is advantageously 1/4 of the thick¬ ness of said element (4, 5) .
6. A wall structure as defined in any of foregoing claims 1-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the structural elements (4) and the anchor elements (5) have a height (h) and a width (d) , respectively, in the range 30 - 60 mm, advantageously 50 mm.
7. An building erection system which uses the wall struc¬ ture defined in any of foregoing claims 1-6, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that, besides in the exterior walls, said structural elements (4) are also used in the interior/ partition walls and/or floor and/or ceiling structures.
PCT/FI1994/000124 1993-04-06 1994-03-30 Wall structure and building erection system based thereon WO1994023144A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU63784/94A AU6378494A (en) 1993-04-06 1994-03-30 Wall structure and building erection system based thereon
PL94310991A PL173123B1 (en) 1993-04-06 1994-03-30 Wall structure wall erection method imploying it
DE4491908T DE4491908T1 (en) 1993-04-06 1994-03-30 Wall structure and building construction system based on it
SE9503306A SE503766C2 (en) 1993-04-06 1995-09-25 Wall construction and building system based on it
LVP-95-330A LV11348B (en) 1993-04-06 1995-11-06 Wall structure and building erection system based thereon

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI931561 1993-04-06
FI931561A FI94276C (en) 1993-04-06 1993-04-06 Wall construction and building systems for their use

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994023144A1 true WO1994023144A1 (en) 1994-10-13

Family

ID=8537698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1994/000124 WO1994023144A1 (en) 1993-04-06 1994-03-30 Wall structure and building erection system based thereon

Country Status (8)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6378494A (en)
DE (1) DE4491908T1 (en)
EE (1) EE9400194A (en)
FI (1) FI94276C (en)
LV (1) LV11348B (en)
PL (1) PL173123B1 (en)
SE (1) SE503766C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1994023144A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000075441A1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 Finn Borg Building construction
RU2602252C1 (en) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-10 Сергей Александрович Сиденов Framed panel

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2802275A1 (en) * 1977-01-20 1978-07-27 Toeraasen Magne Assembled wooden beam building element - has solid end spacers and cross connectors joined paired parallel side planks for log cabin structure (NL 24.7.78)
EP0022100A1 (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-07 Peters, Bengt Elongated building structure
GB2133056A (en) * 1982-12-31 1984-07-18 Evans Bay Timber Co Ltd Improvements in and/or relating to cribwalling
SE457456B (en) * 1984-04-09 1988-12-27 Veikko Ilmari Hepokorpi Timber wall constituents

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2802275A1 (en) * 1977-01-20 1978-07-27 Toeraasen Magne Assembled wooden beam building element - has solid end spacers and cross connectors joined paired parallel side planks for log cabin structure (NL 24.7.78)
EP0022100A1 (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-07 Peters, Bengt Elongated building structure
GB2133056A (en) * 1982-12-31 1984-07-18 Evans Bay Timber Co Ltd Improvements in and/or relating to cribwalling
SE457456B (en) * 1984-04-09 1988-12-27 Veikko Ilmari Hepokorpi Timber wall constituents

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000075441A1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 Finn Borg Building construction
RU2602252C1 (en) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-10 Сергей Александрович Сиденов Framed panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI931561A0 (en) 1993-04-06
AU6378494A (en) 1994-10-24
LV11348B (en) 1996-10-20
FI94276B (en) 1995-04-28
DE4491908T1 (en) 1997-07-31
EE9400194A (en) 1996-02-15
SE9503306D0 (en) 1995-09-25
SE9503306L (en) 1995-09-25
PL310991A1 (en) 1996-01-22
FI931561A (en) 1994-10-07
SE503766C2 (en) 1996-08-26
FI94276C (en) 1995-08-10
PL173123B1 (en) 1998-01-30
LV11348A (en) 1996-06-20

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