WO1994020689A1 - Landfill cover composition and processes for application to landfills - Google Patents

Landfill cover composition and processes for application to landfills Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994020689A1
WO1994020689A1 PCT/US1994/001856 US9401856W WO9420689A1 WO 1994020689 A1 WO1994020689 A1 WO 1994020689A1 US 9401856 W US9401856 W US 9401856W WO 9420689 A1 WO9420689 A1 WO 9420689A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
recited
composition
adhesive
adhering
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/001856
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Fritz Kramer
Francis R. Bowerman
G. Graham Allan
John P. Carroll
Original Assignee
Aqua-Shed, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aqua-Shed, Inc. filed Critical Aqua-Shed, Inc.
Priority to AU63930/94A priority Critical patent/AU6393094A/en
Publication of WO1994020689A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994020689A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • This application relates to sheet structures effective as coverings for landfills.
  • the application further relates to processes for the placement of such structures on landfills.
  • the invention further relates to methods of securing these sheets on the surface of the landfill.
  • the final cover is a complex multi-layered structure, involving compacted layers of low permeability clay.
  • the purpose of the daily and intermediate covers is to control and minimize (1) blowing paper and litter, (2) scavenging by birds, rodents and dogs, (3) buildups of insect populations, (4) fire hazards, (5) odor generations, and (6) water infiltration.
  • Each of the soil covers also provides temporary, and of course, final aesthetic improvements to the area, during and after the filling of the dump site.
  • the soil cover takes up a large amount of the volume of the total landfill space which therefore cannot be used as a disposal volume for solid waste. Typically, this can constitute 20-30% of the total landfill volume. As a consequence, the landfill reaches maturity more rapidly and a new landfill site must then be found for the continuing flow of solid waste being generated by society.
  • geotextiles These geotextiles are usually spunbonded polypropylene webs. While these are strong and low-cost, they are deficient in several crucial respects. First, polypropylene is not regarded as biodegradable and is commonly used for outdoor carpeting and as synthetic turf in stadiums. Second, this plastic is highly flammable and cannot be readily rendered nonflammable. Third, it is made from oil, a nonrenewable source. Fourth, these nonwoven sheets are not watertight, nor gas and odor tight. Even if these deficiencies are ignored, there is no low-cost, convenient and satisfactory method for attaching the geotextile to the surface of the garbage in the landfill so as to prevent the geotextile from being blown away by the wind.
  • This invention is a cover for landfills which comprises a sheet comprising an essentially nonflammable, flexible, plasticized, polyvinyl chloride-based film, at least 60 inches in width and not less than 20 feet in length.
  • the sheet is coated on one side with a permanently tacky adhesive, but under certain conditions the adhesive may not be necessary.
  • the uncoated sheets are particularly useful for conditions where the sheets may be removed and reused, rather than being buried with solid waste each day.
  • the sheet coating is also preferably not capable of supporting combustion, but may be flammable if the combination of sheet and coating is not capable of supporting combustion when placed on the surface of the landfill.
  • the invention further encompasses various processes for the attachment of the above cover to the surface of the garbage dumped in the landfill.
  • the preferred attachment process depends on a permanently tacky adhesive which holds the sheet onto the surface of the compacted landfill.
  • the plastic film selected as the basic component of the landfill cover must be essentially nonflammable and highly flexible and drapeable.
  • Film of this type is an article of commerce and is available from many suppliers in a variety of aerial densities, also known as basis weights.
  • a basis weight of at least 5 lb per 1000 square feet is needed to give a sheet the strength necessary to be handled and placed on the compacted garbage.
  • a paper width of at least 60 inches is also needed so that the number of seams or joints does not become excessive. If the sheet is not to be applied from a continuous roll then the lengths should not be less than 18 feet, again so that the number of seams or joints can be minimized.
  • the sheet of plasticized polyvinyl chloride is of course a moisture resistant material so as to divert rain from penetrating the landfill. Diverted rainfall can be disposed of through regular storm sewer systems while rain that has percolated through a landfill cannot be so sewered. The percolated rainfall is legally regarded as "landfill leachate" and must be taken to a waste disposal site for expensive special processing.
  • the underside of the sheet is coated with a permanently tacky adhesive so that the sheet is stuck to the underlying solid waste.
  • a permanently tacky adhesive which can be used the preferred polymeric material is polybutene. This is available commercially in a range of molecular weights from several of the major oil companies. The lower molecular weight polymers are easier to apply but do not have the holding power of their higher molecular weight counterparts.
  • Suitable permanently tacky adhesives can be substituted for the polybutene.
  • suitable materials include certain polyterpenes, polyamides based on dimerized fatty acids, polyvinyl ethers and polyacrylates.
  • thermosetting adhesives can be substituted for the permanently tacky adhesives.
  • typical hot melt adhesives can be applied to the uncoated or coated underside of the landfill cover as the cover is being laid down on the compacted garbage.
  • hot melt adhesives can include solid meltable polyamides and polyurethanes, poly (vinyl acetate-ethylene) copolymers and hydrocarbons such as styrene-butadiene copolymers as well as certain blends thereof.
  • the adhesive need not cover the entire surface of the underside of the landfill cover although in the preferred embodiment the coverage is complete. Patterns of adhesive, such as spots, lines or grids, may be applied in order to reduce the cost of the polymeric adhesive.
  • the adhesives can also be applied as foams because a foamed adhesive will occupy more volume than the same weight of unfoamed adhesive and will span greater distances between the landfill cover and the underlying compacted garbage.
  • the coated sheet and adhesive can be combined and applied to the compacted landfill the preferred system is to start with a sheet of fire-retardant polyvinyl chloride-based film.
  • a convenient practical size of this sheet is 8 by 34 feet.
  • the sheet is laid out on a level surface and a water emulsion of polybutene (ECA 15415, Exxon Chemical So., Houston, Texas), is applied uniformly to the upper surface.
  • polybutene ECA 15415, Exxon Chemical So., Houston, Texas
  • the polybutene emulsion has a low viscosity and it car. be brushed or sprayed on easily.
  • the ends of the sheet are then picked up so as to fold the wet tacky side back on itself towards the middle with the fold 9 feet from the original end.
  • the new folded sheet now has a length of 16 feet with the last foot from each original end of the 34 foot sheet forming a one foot flap. All the tacky adhesive is within this flap and the folded sheet.
  • the folded sheet can therefore be handled without sticking.
  • This folded sheet, or "shingle” can be rolled onto a tube for storage and transportation as is done for carpeting, for example. As each subsequent shingle is prepared it may be added to the roll by tucking the first two feet into the roll on the inside of the last two feet of the previous shingle. This process can be repeated until the roll contains the desired number of shingles. The roll is then wrapped for shipment.
  • the shingle can of course be shipped in other ways.
  • the shingle can be further folded to create a four by eight foot entity. This is a convenient size for shipping as is well known to the wood products industry where polywood and particle board are manufactured and sold in this standard dimension.
  • Another alternative for shipping is to fold the sheet - once the tacky surface is sealed by the first fold - into rectangular folds of decreasing sizes, resulting in a block shaped article suitable for sealing into an air-tight shipping envelope.
  • This procedure is similar to the folding of a blanket for storage on a shelf.
  • a shingle is unwrapped or unpacked and laid out flat with the flap on the top side.
  • the two one-foot flaps are peeled apart easily because of the low peel strength of the wet permanently tack adhesive.
  • the two laminates are separately wrapped around two poles or tubes of lightweight construction with the tacky surface in contact with a pole or tube. Each pole or tube is at least about one inch in diameter and nine feet long.
  • the poles or tubes are designed to permit the handling of the shingle without tearing, warping or misalignment during application to its final position.
  • This prepared shingle may be rolled up. It is then inverted and placed on the compacted garbage with the flap and poles on the underside with the poles about sixteen feet uphill from the previous shingle laid on the bottom of the slope.
  • the lower half of the shingle is unrolled down the slope by two persons slowly peeling apart the folded sheet each holding the end of the pole attached to the lower half of the shingle.
  • the upper unpeeled half is held firmly in place at waist or near ground level.
  • the lower pole is held firmly while the upper sixteen foot half is unpeeled and the tack surfaces created brought into contact with the compacted refuse.
  • Soft pads of rubber foam or similar material about ten inches in size and attached to poles are then used to gently force the shingle into as much contact as possible with the underlying garbage. Full contact at the overlapping areas of adjoining sheets is of course a desirable goal.
  • the sequence of laying down a shingle can be repeated many times, from bottom to top, or from top to bottom, as convenient.
  • a water-shedding overlap can be made when application is made in either direction. This reduces the amount of leachate created when rain falls on the landfill.
  • Leachate is costly to dispose of because it must be treated in a sewage plant.
  • the diverted rain can be disposed of in storm sewers without problems.
  • the adjoining strips can also be mechanically attached to each other by sewing or stapling.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A covering for landfill comprising a sheet of plasticized polyvinyl chloride-based film coated with a permanently tacky adhesive that holds the sheet to the compacted garbage of the landfill. The adhesive is preferably an aqueous emulsion of polybutene, applied to the sheet which is then folded to keep it from drying before use and to facilitate transportation to the landfill. The folded sheet is then unfolded and applied to the surface of the compacted garbage, adhesive-side down.

Description

LANDFILL COVER COMPOSITION AND PROCESSES FOR APPLICATION TO LANDFILLS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This application relates to sheet structures effective as coverings for landfills. The application further relates to processes for the placement of such structures on landfills. The invention further relates to methods of securing these sheets on the surface of the landfill.
2. Description of the Prior Art The disposal of household, commercial and industrial solid wastes is a national problem. A common solution is to collect this solid waste from the individual generators in special trucks and to dump truckloads daily into areas that are called sanitary landfills. According to federal and state regulations the dumped solid wastes must be covered by the end of each day.
If more solid waste is to be dumped at the same location on the following day, a so-called "daily cover" must be applied. This consists of clean, compacted soil, 6 inches or more in depth.
When it is not intended to dump solid waste again at the location until some period of time has elapsed, then a so-called "intermediate cover" has to be applied. This again consists of clean compacted soil, but in this case the depth is increased to 12 inches or more. At the time that the sanitary landfill becomes full, a final cover of clean compacted soil, 36 inches or more in depth, is called for. In some states, the final cover is a complex multi-layered structure, involving compacted layers of low permeability clay. The purpose of the daily and intermediate covers is to control and minimize (1) blowing paper and litter, (2) scavenging by birds, rodents and dogs, (3) buildups of insect populations, (4) fire hazards, (5) odor generations, and (6) water infiltration. Each of the soil covers also provides temporary, and of course, final aesthetic improvements to the area, during and after the filling of the dump site.
Each of the three types of soil cover has to be trucked into position and this task has to be performed daily for the so-called "daily cover." This is a time-consuming, tedious and costly operation which must be started relatively early in the afternoon so that the cover can be in position by the end of the working day. This limits the efficiency of the landfill operation.
Furthermore, the soil cover takes up a large amount of the volume of the total landfill space which therefore cannot be used as a disposal volume for solid waste. Typically, this can constitute 20-30% of the total landfill volume. As a consequence, the landfill reaches maturity more rapidly and a new landfill site must then be found for the continuing flow of solid waste being generated by society.
In this day and age, there is usually widespread public resistance to the creation of new sanitary landfills. This is manifested by the difficulties encountered in obtaining governmental permits to site landfills. Vigorous and determined neighborhood opposition is also frequently engendered during the application process. All of these factors underscore the conclusion that the use of soil covers in landfills is wasteful and costly.
A number of methods to save and better utilize valuable landfill space have been suggested. For example, Kramer (U.S. Patent 4,421,788) and Kittle (U.S. Patent 4,874,641) propose the replacement of the use of soil by the application of lightweight synthetic plastic foams.
Another approach taken has been to cover the dumped solid waste at the end of the day with nonwoven sheet structures manufactured primarily for roadbed subsurface construction under the rubric of
"geotextiles." These geotextiles are usually spunbonded polypropylene webs. While these are strong and low-cost, they are deficient in several crucial respects. First, polypropylene is not regarded as biodegradable and is commonly used for outdoor carpeting and as synthetic turf in stadiums. Second, this plastic is highly flammable and cannot be readily rendered nonflammable. Third, it is made from oil, a nonrenewable source. Fourth, these nonwoven sheets are not watertight, nor gas and odor tight. Even if these deficiencies are ignored, there is no low-cost, convenient and satisfactory method for attaching the geotextile to the surface of the garbage in the landfill so as to prevent the geotextile from being blown away by the wind.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is a cover for landfills which comprises a sheet comprising an essentially nonflammable, flexible, plasticized, polyvinyl chloride-based film, at least 60 inches in width and not less than 20 feet in length. The sheet is coated on one side with a permanently tacky adhesive, but under certain conditions the adhesive may not be necessary. The uncoated sheets are particularly useful for conditions where the sheets may be removed and reused, rather than being buried with solid waste each day.
The sheet coating is also preferably not capable of supporting combustion, but may be flammable if the combination of sheet and coating is not capable of supporting combustion when placed on the surface of the landfill. The invention further encompasses various processes for the attachment of the above cover to the surface of the garbage dumped in the landfill. The preferred attachment process depends on a permanently tacky adhesive which holds the sheet onto the surface of the compacted landfill.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The plastic film selected as the basic component of the landfill cover must be essentially nonflammable and highly flexible and drapeable. Polyvinyl chloride film plasticized with tricesol phosphate as the preferred substrate. Film of this type is an article of commerce and is available from many suppliers in a variety of aerial densities, also known as basis weights. A basis weight of at least 5 lb per 1000 square feet is needed to give a sheet the strength necessary to be handled and placed on the compacted garbage. A paper width of at least 60 inches is also needed so that the number of seams or joints does not become excessive. If the sheet is not to be applied from a continuous roll then the lengths should not be less than 18 feet, again so that the number of seams or joints can be minimized.
Films of this type containing other plasticizers and/or fire- retardant chemicals are also available commercially. These combinations are well known in the art.
The sheet of plasticized polyvinyl chloride is of course a moisture resistant material so as to divert rain from penetrating the landfill. Diverted rainfall can be disposed of through regular storm sewer systems while rain that has percolated through a landfill cannot be so sewered. The percolated rainfall is legally regarded as "landfill leachate" and must be taken to a waste disposal site for expensive special processing.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the underside of the sheet is coated with a permanently tacky adhesive so that the sheet is stuck to the underlying solid waste. Among the permanently tacky adhesives which can be used the preferred polymeric material is polybutene. This is available commercially in a range of molecular weights from several of the major oil companies. The lower molecular weight polymers are easier to apply but do not have the holding power of their higher molecular weight counterparts.
Other permanently tacky adhesives can be substituted for the polybutene. Examples of such suitable materials include certain polyterpenes, polyamides based on dimerized fatty acids, polyvinyl ethers and polyacrylates.
Alternatively, thermosetting adhesives can be substituted for the permanently tacky adhesives. However, the use of such materials is technically more involved and requires special application equipment which must be capable of working reliably at the landfill site. For example, typical hot melt adhesives can be applied to the uncoated or coated underside of the landfill cover as the cover is being laid down on the compacted garbage. These hot melt adhesives can include solid meltable polyamides and polyurethanes, poly (vinyl acetate-ethylene) copolymers and hydrocarbons such as styrene-butadiene copolymers as well as certain blends thereof.
In all cases the adhesive need not cover the entire surface of the underside of the landfill cover although in the preferred embodiment the coverage is complete. Patterns of adhesive, such as spots, lines or grids, may be applied in order to reduce the cost of the polymeric adhesive.
The adhesives can also be applied as foams because a foamed adhesive will occupy more volume than the same weight of unfoamed adhesive and will span greater distances between the landfill cover and the underlying compacted garbage.
Although there are many ways in which the coated sheet and adhesive can be combined and applied to the compacted landfill the preferred system is to start with a sheet of fire-retardant polyvinyl chloride-based film. A convenient practical size of this sheet is 8 by 34 feet. The sheet is laid out on a level surface and a water emulsion of polybutene (ECA 15415, Exxon Chemical So., Houston, Texas), is applied uniformly to the upper surface. Such emulsions are articles of commerce. The polybutene emulsion has a low viscosity and it car. be brushed or sprayed on easily.
The ends of the sheet are then picked up so as to fold the wet tacky side back on itself towards the middle with the fold 9 feet from the original end. The new folded sheet now has a length of 16 feet with the last foot from each original end of the 34 foot sheet forming a one foot flap. All the tacky adhesive is within this flap and the folded sheet. The folded sheet can therefore be handled without sticking. This folded sheet, or "shingle," can be rolled onto a tube for storage and transportation as is done for carpeting, for example. As each subsequent shingle is prepared it may be added to the roll by tucking the first two feet into the roll on the inside of the last two feet of the previous shingle. This process can be repeated until the roll contains the desired number of shingles. The roll is then wrapped for shipment.
The shingle can of course be shipped in other ways. For example, the shingle can be further folded to create a four by eight foot entity. This is a convenient size for shipping as is well known to the wood products industry where polywood and particle board are manufactured and sold in this standard dimension.
Another alternative for shipping is to fold the sheet - once the tacky surface is sealed by the first fold - into rectangular folds of decreasing sizes, resulting in a block shaped article suitable for sealing into an air-tight shipping envelope. This procedure is similar to the folding of a blanket for storage on a shelf. At the landfill site, a shingle is unwrapped or unpacked and laid out flat with the flap on the top side. The two one-foot flaps are peeled apart easily because of the low peel strength of the wet permanently tack adhesive. As the flap is peeled apart the two laminates are separately wrapped around two poles or tubes of lightweight construction with the tacky surface in contact with a pole or tube. Each pole or tube is at least about one inch in diameter and nine feet long. The poles or tubes are designed to permit the handling of the shingle without tearing, warping or misalignment during application to its final position. To conveniently carry this prepared shingle to the placement area, it may be rolled up. It is then inverted and placed on the compacted garbage with the flap and poles on the underside with the poles about sixteen feet uphill from the previous shingle laid on the bottom of the slope. The lower half of the shingle is unrolled down the slope by two persons slowly peeling apart the folded sheet each holding the end of the pole attached to the lower half of the shingle. The upper unpeeled half is held firmly in place at waist or near ground level.
Once the lower sixteen feet is fully extended it is then moved into its final position, with a four to six inch overlap on the bottom and sides, and lowered to allow the tacky surface to attach itself to the compacted garbage.
The lower pole is held firmly while the upper sixteen foot half is unpeeled and the tack surfaces created brought into contact with the compacted refuse. Soft pads of rubber foam or similar material about ten inches in size and attached to poles are then used to gently force the shingle into as much contact as possible with the underlying garbage. Full contact at the overlapping areas of adjoining sheets is of course a desirable goal.
The sequence of laying down a shingle can be repeated many times, from bottom to top, or from top to bottom, as convenient. A water-shedding overlap can be made when application is made in either direction. This reduces the amount of leachate created when rain falls on the landfill. Leachate is costly to dispose of because it must be treated in a sewage plant. The diverted rain can be disposed of in storm sewers without problems. The adjoining strips can also be mechanically attached to each other by sewing or stapling.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A composition for use in covering a landfill, said composition consisting essentially of: a flexible sheet having a first side and a second side; and a permanently tacky adhesive carried by said first side of said sheet, said first side being appliable to said landfill so that said composition adheres to said landfill.
2. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein said adhesive is selected from the group consisting of polybutene, polyterpenes, polyamide based on dimerized fatty acids, polyvinyl ethers and polyacrylates.
3. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein said sheet is made of polyvinyl chloride and said adhesive is selected from the group consisting of polybutene, polyterpenes, polyamide based on dimerized fatty acids, polyvinyl ethers and polyacrylates.
4. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein said sheet has a weight ranging between 5 and 100 pounds per 1000 square feet.
5. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein said sheet is plasticized with a nonflammable plasticizer.
6. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein said sheet is plasticized with tricresol phosphate.
7. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein said adhesive further comprises an emulsion of water and polybutene.
8. The composition as recited in claim 1, wherein, when a fold is made in said sheet so that said first side with said adhesive is on the inside of said fold, said sheet can be unfolded, said adhesive not preventing unfolding, and placed upon said landfill.
9. A method for covering a surface of a landfill to divert water therefrom, said method comprising the steps of: adhering at least one flexible, essentially nonflammable plastic sheet onto said surface, a side of said sheet engaging said surface, said side of said sheet being coated with a permanently tacky adhesive to hold said sheet in place on said surface.
10. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein said at least one sheet is a plurality of sheets, and wherein said adhering step further comprises the steps of: adhering a first sheet of said plurality of sheets onto said surface; and adhering a next sheet of said plurality of sheets so that said next sheet overlaps said first sheet.
11. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein said at least one sheet is a plurality of sheets, and wherein said adhering step further comprises:
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26* adhering a first sheet of said plurality of sheets onto said surface; adhering a next sheet of said plurality of sheets so that said next sheet overlaps said first sheet; and attaching said next sheet to said first sheet.
12. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein said at least one sheet is a plurality of sheets, and wherein said adhering step further comprises the steps of: adhering a first sheet of said plurality of sheets onto said surface; and adhering a next sheet of said plurality of sheets so that said next sheet is upslope from and overlaps said first sheet.
13. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein said at least one sheet is a plurality of sheets, and wherein said adhering step further comprises: adhering a first sheet of said plurality of sheets onto said surface; adhering a next sheet of said plurality of sheets so that said next sheet is upslope from and overlaps said first sheet; and attaching said next sheet to said first sheet.
14. A composition, comprising: a layer of waste materials having a surface; a moisture-resistant, essentially nonflammable, flexible plastic film; and a layer of adhesive carried by said film for gluing said film on top of said surface, said layer preventing moisture from penetrating through said film and to said waste materials.
15. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said film is made of polyvinyl chloride.
16. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said film is plasticized with a nonflammable plasticizer.
17. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said film is plasticized with tricresol phosphate.
18. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said film has a weight ranging between 5 and 100 pounds per 1000 square feet.
19. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said adhesive is selected from the group consisting essentially of polybutene, polyterpenes, polyamide based on dimerized fatty acids, polyvinyl ethers and polyacrylates.
20. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive selected from the group consisting essentially of solid meltable polyamides and polyurethanes, poly(vinyl acetate-ethylene) copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, and blends thereof.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28
21. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said adhesive further comprises an emulsion of water and polybutene, said emulsion being applied to said moisture-resistant layer in an amount sufficient for adhering said film to said surface.
22. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said waste materials further comprises garbage.
23. The composition as recited in claim 14, wherein said waste materials further comprise garbage backfilled with dirt.
PCT/US1994/001856 1993-03-02 1994-02-28 Landfill cover composition and processes for application to landfills WO1994020689A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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US2515493A 1993-03-02 1993-03-02
US08/025,154 1993-03-02

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998039113A1 (en) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Epi Environmental Products Inc. Depositing particulate material or soil onto plastic film extending over a face of a landfill or other location
WO2008061294A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-29 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures and method for covering landfill
US9101968B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2015-08-11 The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology All-weather landfill soil cover system for preventing water infiltration and landfill gas emission

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046945A (en) * 1974-01-18 1977-09-06 Chemische Werke Huls Aktiengesellschaft Process for the bonding of films and molded components
US4272520A (en) * 1979-04-05 1981-06-09 Herculite Products, Inc. Compositions comprising n-tetradecyl formate and their use in controlling insects
US4501788A (en) * 1981-02-27 1985-02-26 Clem Environmental Corp. Waterproofing soil
US4913960A (en) * 1985-02-14 1990-04-03 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressure sensitive adhesive and a pressure sensitive adhesive film having thereon a layer of the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046945A (en) * 1974-01-18 1977-09-06 Chemische Werke Huls Aktiengesellschaft Process for the bonding of films and molded components
US4272520A (en) * 1979-04-05 1981-06-09 Herculite Products, Inc. Compositions comprising n-tetradecyl formate and their use in controlling insects
US4501788A (en) * 1981-02-27 1985-02-26 Clem Environmental Corp. Waterproofing soil
US4913960A (en) * 1985-02-14 1990-04-03 Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pressure sensitive adhesive and a pressure sensitive adhesive film having thereon a layer of the same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998039113A1 (en) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Epi Environmental Products Inc. Depositing particulate material or soil onto plastic film extending over a face of a landfill or other location
US6267535B1 (en) 1997-03-06 2001-07-31 Epi Environmental Products Inc. Depositing particulate material or soil onto plastic film extending over a face of a landfill or other location
CN1094076C (en) * 1997-03-06 2002-11-13 Epi环境产品有限公司 Apparatus for depositing particulate material or soil onto plastic film extending over face of landfill or other location
WO2008061294A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-29 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures and method for covering landfill
US8052349B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2011-11-08 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures and method for covering landfill
US9101968B2 (en) 2012-08-06 2015-08-11 The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology All-weather landfill soil cover system for preventing water infiltration and landfill gas emission

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