WO1994001180A2

WO1994001180A2 - Arm exercising device and method

Info

Publication number: WO1994001180A2
Application number: PCT/US1993/006099
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ronald C. Davies; Louis Monte; Thomas Sowinski
Original assignee: Davies Ronald C; Louis Monte; Thomas Sowinski
Priority date: 1992-06-29
Filing date: 1993-06-29
Publication date: 1994-01-20
Also published as: WO1994001180A3

Abstract

The invention relates to apparatus and methods for strengthening the fingers, wrists, forearms, biceps, triceps, deltoid, rotator cuff and inside and outside of the shoulder of the arms of athletes, primarily baseball pitchers. The apparatus comprises a base, such as a frame (12) or stand for supporting the exercising devices (16, 18, 20) at different heights for the different parts of the arms of differing height athletes; the level of the belt for the fingers, wrists, biceps, rotator cuff, and inside shoulder; eye and forehead level for the forearm and biceps; fully extended for the biceps, triceps, forearm, and deltoid. Rollers or baseballs (20) having adjustable rotational resistances and angles are repetitively spun upon longitudinal and orthogonal axes or axles (18) cooperating with the base.

Description

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR STRENGTHENING OF THE HUMAN ARM

Background of the Invention

This patent application is a division and continuation-in- part of U.S. Patent Application 07/905,522 filed June 29,1992, and presently pending.

The prior art for understanding , searching, and examination of the invention is that in exercising apparatus and more particularly to exercising apparatus for exercising the arm such as found in U.S. Patents Class 272 subclasses 57,67,96,117,119,122 123, 124,and 143.

Technical Field

The invention relates to apparatus and methods for exercising fingers,wrists,forearms,bleep,tricep,rotator cuff,shoulder and deltoid areas of the human arms to develope the arms to a maximum without tiring the muscles. Disclosure of the Invention

It is known that those athletes that excel in their fields,particularly those disciplines where the arms are employed more than any other part of the human body, have developed their fingers,wrists, forearms, bicep, tricep,rotator cuff,shoulder and deltoid areas to their maximum without tiring muscle fatigue. The applicant's invention is an improved apparatus and method for exercising the fingers, wrists,forearms,biceps,triceps,rotator cuff, shoulder and deltoid to develop and strengthen these parts of the arms so that the baseball and softball players, as well as as those athletes engaged in basketball, football, golf, hockey, swimming, tennis, and horse racing, inter alia, will compete at their ultimate limits. Others, beside athletes, such as those who wish to keep in shape, as well as children of all ages, can benefit from use of applicant's inventive apparatus and methods.

It is an object of this invention to develop and strengthen the fingers, wrists, forearms, bicep, tricep, rotator cuff, shoulder, and deltoid areas of the arms simply, econonically and safely.

It is a further object of this invention to allow the athlete to selectively strengthen those parts of the arms requiring greater developement.

It is another further object of this invention to allow the athlete, as well as others, to improve specific movements of the parts of these arms required for superior performance. Description of the Figures

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of applicant's inventive apparatus.

Figure 2 shows a perspective partial view of applicant's inventive apparatus as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a partial right side elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 shows a chart illustrating the various exercises that can be done by left handed and right handed pitchers. Detailed Description

Figure 1 shows the lower part 13 of applicants ' arm strengthening apparatus 10 at a level for strengthening either the fingers _rwrist, forearm or bicep,tricep,rotator cuff,shoulder or deltoid areas of the arm depending upon the height of the person performing the exercise. The upper part 11 of the apparatus which can be positioned either at eye level or extended height level again depending upon height are to illustrate the levels for the fingers, biceps, forearm, wrists ,rotator cuff and inside of shoulder, respectively.The hollow side frames 12 are made with adjustable levels of steel plate or tubing 14 to hold the exercising apparatus 16,16' and 20,20 ' ,20" ,20" 'and 20"" at various heights or levels so that athletes or other persons being of different heights may use the apparatus at their specific belt, eye or extended height levels. The adjustable levels or sleeves 14 are mechanically affixed and tightened by screws so that the exercising apparatus will remain in place when the apparatus is used.Without limiting the invention, screws may be employed to r-old the apparatus at the different levels not only to strengthen either the fingers, biceps,triceps , forearms,wrists, rotator cuff, shoulder or deltoid of the athlete or other person's arm, but to provide for a wide range of levels for the particular height of the athlete or other person using the arm strengthening apparatus 10. The arm strengthening apparatus 10, in addition to the sleeves 14 which hold the apparatus at the level of use,comprises rolling devices or rollers 16 and 16' fabricated out of PVC steel, aluminum, plastic, wood or any combination of PVC s-_eel ,aluminum plastic and wood and non-rotatable axles 18 and 18' inserted through the rollers 16 and 16' upon which the rollers 16 and 16' rotate with adjustable friction, and which axles 18 and 18 'extend out from the rollers 16 and 16' for non- rotatable positioning on to sleeves 14. Conventional means (not shown) provide the adjustable friction that may be increased or decreased between the outer peripheral surfaces of axles 18,18' and the inner peripheral surfaces of rollers 16 and 16' so that the resistance to rotation of rollers 16,16' can be geared to the age, size and physical ability of the athlete or other person using the apparatus.

Baseball housings 20 and 20* that rotate through a semi¬ circular arc can be supported on the frames 12 to provide options for specific athletes who want to use the apparatus to "fine tune" their fingers, wrists, forearms, biceps, triceps, rotator cuffs a.id the inside of their shoulder to improve particular skills.These additional baseball housings, 20 and 20', rotate on metal or steel extensions affixed to ball bearings inside a metal or steel housing. The housing may be adjusted to the desired semi¬ circular height by screws. A resistive device 20" with a stationary baseball attached to a steel arm is affixed to the left hand frame 12 for strengthening and or rehabilitating the triceps, rotator cuff and back and front of the arm. Elastic Surgical 20"' and 20"" are affixed to the base and right hand frame 12 for strengthening the front and back of the shoulder, and inside and outside of the arm.

Operation of the arm strengthening apparatus 10 is relatively simple in that the person using the apparatus , after determining which part of the arm is to be strengthened, need only spin the rollers 16 and 16' by placing the fingertips at the bottom and front of rollers 16,16', and snapping the wrists in a downward direction in a very forceful motion until muscle fatigue is experienced.Spinning the roller 16' at belt level will strengthen the fingers, wrists ,triceps,rotator cuff and the inside of the shoulder. Spinning the roller 16 at eye level will strengthen the muscles in the biceps and forearm, while spinning the roller 16 with the arm fully extended upwards will strengthen the forearm, bicep, tricep and deltoid area.Once muscle fatigue is experienced, spinning of the rollers 16 and 16' is reversed by placing the fingertips at the bottom of the rollers 16,16" and snapping the wrists in an upward direction in a very forceful motion until muscle fatigue is again experienced.The amount of repetitive spinning at each level before muscle fatigue is experienced varies with the individual.As the arm is strengthened, indicated by an increase in the number of repetitive spins and resistance before muscle fatigue is experienced, the resistance setting for the effort required to spin the rollers 16,16' can be adjusted to increase this resistance.

Operation of the baseballs 20 and 20' are options for baseball pitchers and are somewhat similar to the operation of rollers 16,16' except that the right-handed pitcher, having raised the sleeve to that position where the arm is in the overhand throwing or extended height position, will repeatedly spin the baseball 20 on the right of frame 12 to have it spin backwards in a manner consistant with throwing a baseball overhanded.The spinning rod 1 of the housing device will be parallel to the floor for the four seam fast ball, curve ball and straight charge up.The left handed pitcher, having raised the frame 12 and sleeve 14 to that position where the arm is in the overhand throwing position, will repetitively spin the baseball 20' on the left hand frame 12 to have it spin backwards in a manner consistant with throwing a baseball overhanded.See Figure 4 for the position of baseball housing device for left hand and seam fastball. To practice a fastball with a ball using four (4) seams, the right-handed pitcher with the sleeve adjusted to the throwing position simulates holding the ball across the seams by placing his first two fingers on top of the ball across the seams and by placing the upper edge of his thumb on the bottom of the ball on the right of frame 12. The pitcher then snaps his wrists downward to create a backspin.This maneuver is repeated until muscle fatigue is experienced. he spin for the fastball will make the ball appear smaller and appear to be rising,not dropping with gravity as much. To practice the four (4) seams fastball, the left-handed pitcher with the sleeve adjusted to the throwing position simulates holding the ball across the seams by placing his first two fingers on top of the ball across the seam and the upper edge of his thumb on the bottom of the ball on the left frame. He then snaps his wrists downward to create a backspin.This maneuver is repeated until muscle fatigue is experienced. The spin for the fastball will make the ball appear smaller and appear to be rising not dropping with gravity as much. To practice a fastball with a ball using two (2) seams, the right handed pitcher must use the baseball 20' on the left frame and raise the angle of the baseball housing to enable the ball to spin left to right and backwards. This is implemented by loosening a screw in the middle of the housing. Once the decided angle is achieved, the screw is tightened again. For right hand two (2) seam fastball, after the angle of the ball is raised, the sleeve must be lowered to the throwing position. The right-handed pitcher with the apparatus in the throwing position simulates holding the ball on the seam by placing his first two fingers on top of the ball on the seams and the upper edge of his thumb on the bottom. He then releases ball so that the ball leaves the middle finger on the outside of the finger. The wrist is cocked slightly to the left and the pitching hand must cross to the other side of the body after release resulting in the ball moving in the opposite direction and sinking.To practice a fastball with a ball using two (2) seams,the left handed pitcher must use the ball 20 on the right frame and raise the angle of the baseball housing to enable the ball to spin right to left and backwards.For the Left hand two (2) seam fastball, after the angle of the ball is raised, the sleeve must be lowered to the throwing position. The left-handed pitcher with the apparatus in the throwing position simulates holding the ball on the seam by placing his first two fingers on top of the seams and the upper edge of his thumb on the bottom.He then releases the ball so that the ball leaves the middle finger o-. the outside of the finger. The wrist is cocked slightly to the right and the pitching hand must cross to the other side of the body, resulting in the ball moving in the opposite direction and sinking.

To practice the throwing of a curve ball, the right-handed pitcher,after positioning the sleeves and baseball 20 housing (same as four seam fastball) so that his elbow is up high above his shoulder level in the throwing position, places his first two (2) fingers on top of the ball with the upper edge of the thumb on the bottom. Pressure is then applied to the middle section of the middle finger to simulate pressure on any seam, and the wrist is snapped forward and down resulting in the thumb coming up and the ball spinning forward. he throwing of a curve ball by a left- handed pitcher is practiced somewhat similar to the foregoing instructions for a right-handed pitcher except that the left- handed pitcher in throwing position then places his first two fingers on top of the ball 20' on the left frame with the upper edge of the thumb on the bottom.To simulate pressure on any seam of a baseball, pressure is then applied to the middle section of the middle finger of the left hand and the wrist is snapped forward and down resulting in the thumb coming up and the ball spinning forward.

To practice the throwing of a slider by a right-handed pitcher, the baseball 20 housing on the right frame must be lowered to an angle to enable the ball to spin forwards and right to left. This is implemented by loosening a screw of the housing, achieving the desired angle and tightening the screw. The sleeve must be raised so that the elbow is high above the shoulder in the throwing position. The athlete places his first two fingers on top and his thumb on the bottom of the ball 20 shown in Figure 1. With the wrist turned slightly to the right, ( the more the wrist is turned, the more the ball will break) pressure is applied to the middle section of the middle finger on any seams and the ball is pulled down with both fingers simulating the throwing of the ball like a fastball. The ball is spun forward and right to left. To practice the throwing of a slider by a left-handed pitcher, the baseball 20' housing on the left frame is lowered to an angle to enable it to spin forward and left to right.For the left hand slider, the sleeves must be raised so that the athelete's elbow is high above his shoulder in the throwing position.The athlete places his first two fingers on top and his thumb on the bottom of the ball. With the wrist turned slightly to the left (the more the wrist is turned, the more the ball will break) pressure is applied to the middle section of the middle finger on any seams and the ball is pulled down with both fingers ,spinning the ball forward, left to right, and simulating the throwing of the ball like a fastball.

To practice the straight change up, the right hand pitcher, after placing the apparatus 10 at the throwing position and using the baseball 20' housing on the left frame then holds the ball loosely with fingertips of first two fingers on top and the upper edge of thumb on bottom. Less effort is used than required for the fastball to let the ball come off both fingers (same as four seam fastball angle) or the outside part of the middle finger using the baseball angle housing as stated above for a right handed two seam fastball resulting in the ball spinning backwards and left to right. Another method is to hold the ball slightly back in the h^nd and apply pressure between the thumb and middle joints of the first two fingers. Using either method of the ball coming off two fingers,the athlete then steps back approximately one foot and pulls the ball down with no wrist action something like pulling down a shade, which results in its spinning backwards. For a left- handed pitcher after positioning the apparatus in the throwing position using the baseball 20 housing on the right frame in the same position as stated above for a right hand four seam fastball, the athlete holds the ball loosely with fingertips of the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of thumb on bottom. Less effort is used,as for the right-handed pitcher,to let the ball come off both fingers (same as four seam fastball angle) spinning backwards or the outside part of the middle finger using the baseball housing angle as stated above for a left hand two seam fast ball. The ball will spin backwards and right to left.

10 Another method for the left-handed pitcher which is similar to the instructions for the right-handed pitcher, is to hold the ball slightly back in the hand and apply pressure between the thumb and middle joints of the first two fingers. Using either method of the ball coming off two fingers the athlete then steps back approximately one foot and pulls the ball down,like a shade,with no wrist action which results in its spinning backwards.

To practice for what is called a circle or three finger change-up, the right-handed pitcher, after positioning the baseball 20' housing at the throwing position, (four seam fastball angle) holds the ball all the way back in his hand and while applying pressure with his last three fingers in between the middle joints makes a circle with the thumb and first finger. The ball is released either straight downward (four seam fastball angle) or while the wrist is turned to the left (same as two seam fastball angle) if the pitcher wishes to practice making the ball turn over for breaking away from a left-handed batter.To practice for a circle or three finger change-up, the left-handed pitcher, after the same positioning of the baseball 20 housing as for the right-handed pitcher,(same as four seam fastball angle) holds the ball all the way back in his hand and while applying pressure with his last three fingers in between middle joints makes a circle with the thumb and the first finger. The ball is released either straight downward or while the wrist is turned to the right (same as two seam fastball angle) if the pitcher wishes to practice making the ball turn over for breaking away from a right-handed

11 oatter .

To practice for a split finger fastball, right-handed and left-handed pitchers, after positioning the apparatus 10 in its throwing position, the first and middle fingers are placed on opposite sides and separated as far as possible with the thumb placed on the left and right side of ball 20 respectively shown in Figure 3.The wrists is snapped forward to create reverse spin.

Figure 4 shows a chart graphically illustrating the positions of the angles of the baseball 20' housings for the particular exercises of fine tuning the foregoing various throws by left hand and right hand pitchers.

Although only a limited number of methods have been taught, and limited to the sports of baseball and softball, it is expected that applicants' invention not be so limited, but be limited by the scope and breadth of applicants' annexed claims;

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Claims

I CLAIM :

1. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms comprising a frame having mechanical means for positioning a non- rotatable axis at various heights, a device for rotating on said axis,and means for varying the resistance to the rotation of said device on said non-rotatable axis.

2. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 1 wherein a device for rotating on said axis comprises a plastic roller.

3. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 1 wherein a device for rotating on said axis comprises a steel roller.

4. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 1 wherein a device for rotating on said axis comprises a wood roller.

5. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as c^laimed in Claim 1 wherein a device for rotating on said axis comprises a single roller.

6. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 1 further comprising additional devices for rotating on said axle and on orthogonal appendages of said axle.

7.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said additional devices comprise baseball housings affixed to said frame.

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8.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 7 wherein said baseball housings affixed to the frame through sleeves comprise ball bearings within said housings that are attached to extensions from baseballs to provide movement of the baseballs in adjustable circular arcs.

9.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in claim 1 further comprising additional devices for strengthening the arm.

10.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 9 wherein said additional devices comprises elastic surgical tubing.

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11. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms comprising the steps of first adjusting the apparatus for exercising and strengthening either the fingers ,wrist,biceps,rotator cuff and inside of shoulder by positioning the apparatus at the level of the belt, or the fingers,forearm and biceps by positioning the apparatus at the level of the eyes and forehead, or the fingers,biceps,forearm,triceps and deltoid by positioning the apparatus at the extended height level,adjusting the resistance of the rollers to rotation, and repetitively spinning the rollers of the apparatus by snapping the wrists down until the muscles are fatigued, and then repetitively spinning the rollers of the apparatus in a reverse manner by snapping the the wrists up until the muscles are again fatigued.

12. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 11 further comprising the additional step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices of the apparatus.

13. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises repetitively spinning the right-hand baseball backwards in a manner consistent with throwing a baseball overhand by a right-handed pitcher.

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14. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises repetitively spinning the left-hand baseball forwards in a manner consistent with throwing a softball underhand by a right-handed pitcher.

15. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in C_^aim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises repetitively spinning the left-hand baseball backwards in a manner consistent with throwing a baseball overhand by a left-handed pitcher.

16. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises repetitively spinning the right-hand baseball forwards in a manner consistent with throwing a softball underhand by a left-handed pitcher.

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17. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises holding the baseball by placing the first two fingers on top and the thumb underneath, releasing the middle finger from the device and repetitively snapping the wrists downward until muscle fatigue.

18. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Cairn 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises holding the ball across the seams using four seams and placing the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of the thumb on the bottom of the ball, and repetitively snapping the wrists downward to create a backspin of the ball.

19.Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises repetitively holding the ball using two seams on the seams and repetitively placing the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of the thumb underneath, repetitively releasing so that the ball leaves the middle finger on the outside of the middle finger and the hand repetitively crosses over to the other side of the body.

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20. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises placing the first two fingers on top of the baseball with the upper edge of the thumb on the bottom and with the elbow high above the level of the shoulder,applying pressure to the middle section of the middle finger and snapping the wrist forward and down resulting in the thumb coming up and the device spinning forward.

21. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 ^' wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises placing the first two fingers on top of the side of the baseball with the thumb on the bottom and with the elbow high above the level of the shoulder, applying pressure to the middle section of the middle finger simulating pressure on any seam of a baseball and snapping the wrist forward and down resulting in the thumb coming up and the baseball spinning forward.

22. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises placing the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of the thumb on the bottom of the ball and with the elbow high above the shoulder, applying pressure to the middle section of the middle finger and with the wrist cocked slightly to the right for a right-handed pitcher and to the left for a left-handed pitcher, the device is pulled down and spun with both fingers.

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23. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises placing the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of the thumb on the bottom of the baseball and with the elbow high above the shoulder,applying pressure to the middle section of the middle finger on any seam, the baseball is pulled down with both fingers simulating the throwing of the ball like a fastball.

24. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises loosely holding the left hand ball by a right-handed pitcher or the right hand ball by a l«ft-handed pitcher with the fingertips of the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of the thumb on bottom,letting the ball come off both fingers or the outside part of the middle finger and bringing the arm down across the body.

25. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises loosely holding the left hand baseball by a right-handed pitcher or the right hand baseball by a left-handed pitcher with the fingertips of the first two fingers on top and the upper edge of the thumb, letting the ball come off both fingers or the outside part of the middle finger and bringing the arm down across the body.

19 2<~ . Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises holding the ball slightly back in the hand, applying pressure between the thumb and middle joints of the first two fingers,stepping back approximately one foot and pulling down, like a shade,the ball with no wrist action.

27. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises positioning the apparatus at the throwing position, holding the ball all the way back in his hand, applying pressure with his last three fingers in between the middle joints, making a circle with the thumb and first finger and releasing the ball straight downward.

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28. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending orthogonally from the axle comprises positioning the apparatus at any position,holding the ball all the way back in his hand, applying pressure with his last three fingers in between the middle joints, making a circle with the thumb and first finger and releasing the ball.

29. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from housing devices comprises positioning those orthogonal devices of the apparatus moving in semi-circular arcs, placing the first and middle fingers on opposite sides of the ball to separate said fingers as far as possible with the thumb on the side of the ball, and snapping the wrist forward to create a reverse spin of the device.

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30. Method of exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 12 wherein the step of repetitively spinning baseballs extending from the axle comprises positioning those balls of the apparatus having axles orthogonal to the non-rotating axle at any of the exercising positions,placing the first and middle fingers on opposite sides of the balls to separate said fingers as far as possible with the thumb on the side of the ball, and snapping the wrist forward to create a reverse spin of the ball.

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31. Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the wrists, forearms,biceps, triceps, deltoids, rotator cuffs and the inside of the shoulder of baseball pitchers comprising a base for supporting exercising equipment at a plurality of different heights, a non-rotating circular rod for cooperating with said base,a plurality of rollers and baseballs for rotation on the longitudinal axis of said circular rod, a plurality of baseball housings from which adjustable circular rods extend orthogonal for movement in semi-circular arcs to the ends and the longitudinal axis of said circular rod, a plurality of rollers and baseballs for rotation on said circular rods orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of said circular rod, and frictional means for increasing and decreasing the resistance to rotation of said plurality of rollers and baseballs on said circular rods.

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32. pparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 31 wherein said plurality of rollers comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

33.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 31 wherein said plurality of rollers comprise aluminum.

34.Apparatus for exercising and strenghtening the arms as claimed in Claim 9 wherein said additional devices comprise elastic surgical tubing.

35.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed in Claim 34 wherein said elastic surgical tubing is affixed to the base of said frame.

36.Apparatus for exercising and strengthening the arms as claimed as claimed in Claim 34 wherein said elastic surgical tubing is affixed orthogonal to the outer side of the right hand frame.

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