WO1992016408A1 - Improved digging chain continuous bulk unloader/reclaimer - Google Patents
Improved digging chain continuous bulk unloader/reclaimer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992016408A1 WO1992016408A1 PCT/US1992/002108 US9202108W WO9216408A1 WO 1992016408 A1 WO1992016408 A1 WO 1992016408A1 US 9202108 W US9202108 W US 9202108W WO 9216408 A1 WO9216408 A1 WO 9216408A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- links
- chain
- adjoining
- comprised
- bore
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G13/00—Chains
- F16G13/18—Chains having special overall characteristics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G13/00—Chains
- F16G13/02—Driving-chains
- F16G13/06—Driving-chains with links connected by parallel driving-pins with or without rollers so called open links
Definitions
- This invention relates to continuous bulk unloaders/reclaim- ers (herein afterward referred to as continuous unloaders) that use a digging chain to both reclaim and convey granular or powder bulk materials such as grains, coal, ores, ferti ⁇ lizers, rocks, soil, etc. from pits, stockpiles, and the cargo holds of vessels such as ships, barges, railcars, and the like.
- U.S. Patent #3,144,142 (1964) introduced an unloader for ships that utilized a digging chain that reclaimed cargo as it drug through the cargo in a loop.
- This patent utilized a mechani ⁇ cal chain similar to bicycle type chains comprised of metal links, pins, bushings, rollers, sprockets, etc. with buckets attached.
- U.S. Patent #3,378,/l30 (1968) by the same inventor improved upon this unloader by using wire rope segments to replace the bicycle type chain. This was done because the wear of the chain's pins and bushings made the original invention impractical for most materials.
- the present invention will introduce additional means and methods for improving upon my two previous inventions.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of a continuous bulk unloader/reclaimer utilized to unload cargo from the hold of a ship.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the bucket chain portion of the unloader adjacent to the cargo.
- Figure 3 shows a cross sectional view through the chain along line 3-3 of figure 2.
- Figure 4 shows a cross sectional view along lines 4-4 of Figure 2. It is a cross sectional view through the chain and support wheel.
- Figure 5 shows an especially useful wheel arrangement to assist in removing the cargo from the buckets and allows for a much more compact unloader.
- Figure 6 shows an elastomer bushing's twist angle vs. torque curve.
- Figure 7 shows an elastomer bushing's twist angle vs. torque curve.
- Figure 8 shows a schematic sectional view of the chain more or less along line 8-8 of figure 3.
- Figure 9 shows a schematic sectional view of the chain more or less along line 8-8 of figure 3.
- Figure 10 shows an elastomer bushing's twist angle vs. torque curve.
- Figure 11 shows a schematic sectional view of the chain more or less along line 8-8 of figure 3.
- Figure 12 shows an elastomer bushing's twist angle vs. torque curve.
- Figure 13 shows a schematic view representing the interface of the chain and wheel.
- Figure 14 shows a schematic sectional view of the chain more or less along line 8-8 of figure 3.
- Fig. 1 shows a continuous unloader according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the continuous unloader com ⁇ prises a support structure 10 which supports a bucket conveyor 12.
- the bucket conveyor 12 is lowered into a vessel's hold 16 where it reclaims, elevates, and transfers the cargo 17 to a discharge conveyor 14 which removes the cargo 17 from the unloader for storage, etc.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic detail of the bucket conveyor 12.
- the exit wheel 20 directs the bucket conveyor chain 18 outward to bucket guide wheel 21.
- Bucket guide wheel 21 directs the chain downward into a primary loop 19 which is used to fill the buckets 23 by dragging them through the cargo 17.
- the bucket conveyor chain 18 is gathered by gather wheel 22 and directed to an upper wheel 15.
- the cargo is then discharged onto the discharge conveyor 14.
- the upper wheel 15 directs the chain 18 downward to the exit wheel 20 completing one complete circuit.
- the chain's 18 flight from exit wheel 20 to guide wheel 21 also sags downward to form a secondary loop 1. This loop is kept small by the weight of the primary loop 19 or by providing a means for driving wheel 21 which would cause it to function as a
- the bucket conveyor chain 18 is comprised of a pair of outer links 24 which are connected to a pin 26 at each end.
- Pin 26 passes through a tube 28.
- Tube 28 is connected to a pair of inner links 30.
- An elastomer bushing 32 is interposed between the pin 26 and the inner periphery of the tube 28.
- the elastomer bushing 32 is an elastomer ring where the inner periphery of the ring is attached to the pin 26 and its outer periphery is attached to the inner periphery of the tube 28.
- the elastomer bushing 32 is interposed between the pin 26 and the tube 28 in such a manner so that it is compressed radially.
- the said compression causes a frictional force to exist thus providing the said attachment of the outer periphery of the elastomer bushing 32 to the inner periphery of the tube 28.
- the said attachment of the inner periphery of the elastomer bushing 32 to the pin is provided by vulcanization, bonding, or friction due to compression.
- an elastomer bushing is constructed as specified above it also functions as a torsional spring that resist hinging of adjacent links 24 and 30. Buckets 23 are attached to the bucket conveyor chain 18.
- the bucket conveyor chain 18 is circu ⁇ lated by a wheel comprised of a rim 34, an elastomer tire 36 which can be solid or pneumatic.
- the inner link 30 and the outer link 24 ride on the elastomer tire 36.
- the shell of the bucket 23 can be used with the side of the elastomer tire 36 as a guide for preventing the bucket conveyor chain from derailing from the tire 36.
- FIG. 5 an alternative arrangement for the circulation of the bucket conveyor chain 18 is shown.
- an additional wheel 37 has been added adjacent to and just below upper wheel 15, this wheel 37 forces the bucket
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET conveyor chain 18 to move slightly under upper wheel 15 on its way down to exit wheel 20. This aids in discharging the buckets. It also allows for the construction of a more compact unloader because it allows for the flight of buckets going up and the flight of buckets going down to be located closer together.
- the support structure 10 holds the bucket conveyor 12 adjacent to the cargo 17 in the vessel's hold 16.
- the support structure 10 can be mobile or fixed. It functions to allow the bucket conveyor to be movable inside the vessel's hold 16, and from hold to hold, and from one vessel to another.
- the bucket conveyor chain 18 is supported and circulated by the wheels 15, 20, 21, 22 as shown in Fig. 2 or wheels 15, 37, 20, 21, 22 as shown in Fig. 5. The said wheels can be powered or idlers as required.
- the buckets 23 of the bucket conveyor chain 18 drag through the cargo 17 as they traverse the loop 19.
- the bucket conveyor chain 18 then elevates the cargo up and over wheel 15 where a combination of gravity and centrifugal force are used to dump the cargo out of the buckets 23 onto the discharge conveyor 14 where it is removed from the unloader.
- the bucket conveyor chain 18 as detailed in Fig. 3 hinges about its hinge pin 26 as it circulates about the wheels 15, 20, 21, 22 or 15, 37, 21, 22, 23. More specifically as the chain 18 approaches and enters a wheel it is forced to hinge about its hinge pin 26. Hinging causes the elastomer bushing 32 to be stressed so that it elastically deforms allowing the hinging to take place by deformation of the elastomer materi ⁇ al.
- HEET bushings of bicycle type chains Deformation of the elastomer during hinging makes the elastomer bushing also function as a torsional spring.
- the torsional spring is designed to resist hinging with enough force to prevent the chain from freely slamming onto the sprocket as it enters and seats on the sprocket. This is because the spring characteristics of the elastomer bushing acts to reduce the impact velocity of the chain's links with the wheel. Detrimental pounding can for all practical purposes be eliminated if the torsional spring force is strong enough to reduce substantially the impact velocity as described in my patent applications 7/668,957 and 7/668,883.
- a graph is given that illustrates the typical shape of a twist angle vs. torque curve for a hinge joint comprised of an elastomer bushing.
- the slope of the curve represents the spring constant for the elastomer bushing and corresponding hinge joint. In general the slope is relatively flat for small twist angles. It becomes steeper as the amount of twist is increased. If the angle from Ao through A « represents the operational range of twist 40 (the back and forth range of twist the bushing and corresponding hinge undergoes during operation) the maximum torque will be Ta at A».
- the operational range of twist 40 the back and forth range of twist the bushing and corresponding hinge undergoes during operation
- the maximum torque will be Ta at A».
- Fig. 7 since it is desirable to strongly resist hinging of the chain in order to allow for the reduction or elimination of pounding and higher chain speeds it is of great advantage to shift the operational range of twist 40 to the right as shown from Ac to A « ' where the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET corresponding torques range from To* to «' which are greater than the torques To to T «» of Fig. 6.
- this is accomplished by assembling the chain as shown where the axis 25 of outer link 24 is posi ⁇ tioned at position An which is at a preset angle 38 from the axis 31 of adjoining inner link 30. Therefore, when the link 24 has rotated relative to link 30 to Ac and into the operational range of twist 40 the bushing and corresponding hinge will resist twist with a torque which is higher than if it had not been preset.
- the preset angle 38 should be set so that a given bushing and its corresponding hinge can resist twist (hinging of the chain) with enough force to reduce or eliminate detrimental pounding due to chordal action to an acceptable level. Presetting the bushing as such allows for an elastomer bushing to deliver more resistance to twist than it would if it was much larger and had not been preset. This invention allows for a reduction in chain size and weight.
- a cross sectional view of an elastomer bushed chain is shown.
- link 24 is twisted from position Ax relative to link 30 to position As and then released, link 24 will immediately spring back to position A 2 which is to the right of Ax. (In other words, the elastomer bushing and corresponding hinge do not behave as a pure spring, but as a combination spring and dampener. ) If the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET operational range of twist 40 is from Ax to A3 heat will be generated in the elastomer bushing as the link 24 is forced to move back to Ax from As.
- this non-elastic angular zone 42 between A2 and Ax the elastomer bushing and corresponding hinge is generally nonelastic and the energy required to twist it is lost to heat which is generated in the elastomer material of the bushing. This heat can cause degradation of the elastomer and premature failure of the elastomer bushing 32.
- the dashed line 41 represents the curve that the bushing and corresponding hinge's twist vs. torque curve takes when released from a torqued state.
- the shaded heat zone 43 represents the zone where heat is generated.
- the bushing should be assembled as shown in Fig. 11, with the axis 25 of the link 24 set at a relative position which is located at a preset angle 39 with respect to the axis 31 of link 30.
- the preset angle 39 should be set so that the operating range of twist 40 from Ai ' to A 3' of the bushing as it twist back and forth stays outside of the non-elastic zone 42 from Ax to As. This is graphically shown in Fig. 12.
- the chain should be preset so that the bushing does not twist in the nonelastic zone 42 of the bushing's twist angle vs. torque curve.
- the adjustment of preset angles is made simple by constructing the tube 28 to attach to the inner link plate 30 by a slip fit into a bore drilled through the end of the inner link 30.
- any preset angle can be made by simply twisting the adjoining outer link 24 relative to link 30 to any angle desired by letting the outer periphery of the tube 28 spin in the bore.
- the locking screw 48 is tightened, thereafter any additional twisting of adjoining links will be resisted by the elastomer bushing.
- This arrangement also allows for the easy assembly and disassembly of the elastomer bushing 32, pin 26, and tube 28 which .can be assembled as a single unit prior to attaching to the links 30.
- the elastomer tires 36 which comprise the wheels 15, 20, 21, 22 are rugged and long lasting and together with the high speed action of the bucket conveyor chain 18 eliminate the need for metal sprockets and provide long trouble free operation. Sprockets are not required because with the higher conveyor chain speeds 18 the same amount of work can be done with lower line loads. This allows for the friction between the tire 36 and chain 18 to be of adequate magnitude to provide traction for propelling the chain when a motor 33 is attached to the tire 36 via the axle 35 and rim 34.
- the elastomer tire 36 also serves as a clutch mechanism that prevents excessive line loads should the bucket conveyor chain 18 snag.
- the elastomer bushing can be made of different flexible materials.
- the buckets can be of many different shapes and attached anywhere to the chain. Wheels can be arranged in a variety of ways. Alternate means can be used to reclaim and feed cargo to the bucket conveyor.
- the elastomer bushing can be comprised of a plurality of axially spaced elastomer donuts as is described in prior art relating to tracked vehicles.
- the tube 28 can be substituted by boring a hole in a link for inserting the elastomer bushing directly into the link, artisans will be able to envision combining the elastomer bushing with metal bearings to increase the load carrying capacity of the chain.
- the elastomer bushing can also be used as a seal to protect metal bushings from contaminants and to hold lubricants.
- the shape of links can also be varied. Also,
- the support structure can be of any type or variety suitable for holding and placing the bucket conveyor in the material to be handled.
- the discharge conveyor can be of any type required to remove the cargo from the bucket conveyor.
- the improvements herein can also be used for the tracks of tracked vehicles.
- the means and techniques described for increasing chain performance for a chain entering a wheel can also be used to increase chain performance as it exits a wheel.
- a continuous bulk unloader/reclaimer that utilizes a bucket conveyor digging chain 18 to remove material 16 from the holds 14 of vessels such as ships, barges, railroad cars, pits, stockpiles etc.
- the conveyor chain 18 is comprised of an elastomer bushing 32 that allows for the bucket conveyor chain 18 to circulate at high speeds with increased durability.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP4509069A JPH06510266A (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1992-03-12 | Improved recovery chain continuous bulk unloader/reclaimer |
BR9205772A BR9205772A (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1992-03-12 | Continuous unloading conveyor for bulk products with excavator chain and perfecting processes |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US66888391A | 1991-03-13 | 1991-03-13 | |
US668,883 | 1991-03-13 | ||
US668,957 | 1991-03-13 | ||
US07/668,957 US5127884A (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1991-03-13 | Chain and sprocket combination |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992016408A1 true WO1992016408A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
Family
ID=27100011
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1992/002108 WO1992016408A1 (en) | 1991-03-13 | 1992-03-12 | Improved digging chain continuous bulk unloader/reclaimer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0575552A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06510266A (en) |
AU (1) | AU1679692A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9205772A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2105860A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992016408A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6189086B2 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2017-08-30 | 住友重機械搬送システム株式会社 | Continuous unloader, continuous unloader facility, and continuous unloader operation method |
CN114655734B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-01-12 | 深圳市焕升建筑集团有限公司 | Drainage canal cover unloading frame for highway construction |
Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1721939A (en) * | 1927-10-27 | 1929-07-23 | Pettibone Mulliken Company | Chain-equipped structure |
US1894600A (en) * | 1928-06-04 | 1933-01-17 | Charles D Schmidt | Chain |
US1958139A (en) * | 1930-09-19 | 1934-05-08 | John R Gammeter | Sprocket chain and method for making the same |
US1970568A (en) * | 1933-09-28 | 1934-08-21 | Harry A Knox | Track for track-laying vehicles |
US1973214A (en) * | 1933-01-03 | 1934-09-11 | Frank H Lamb | Hinged connection |
US2553646A (en) * | 1947-08-11 | 1951-05-22 | Field Eric | Endless track or chain |
US2647023A (en) * | 1948-10-19 | 1953-07-28 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Track for track-laying vehicles |
US3153348A (en) * | 1961-04-13 | 1964-10-20 | Sedis Transmissions Mec | Transmission chain |
US3387721A (en) * | 1966-02-04 | 1968-06-11 | Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co | Bucket chain conveyor |
US3432024A (en) * | 1966-02-02 | 1969-03-11 | Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co | Bulk material handling apparatus with rotary digging device |
US3756375A (en) * | 1971-10-13 | 1973-09-04 | Dravo Corp | Material handling apparatus |
US4116497A (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1978-09-26 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Apparatus for reducing track noise in a track-type vehicle |
US4227422A (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1980-10-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Chain device |
US4261214A (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1981-04-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Chain noise preventing device |
US4268204A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1981-05-19 | Dravo Corporation | Continuous ship unloader |
US4428739A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1984-01-31 | Shimano Industrial Company Limited | Roller chain |
US4671783A (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1987-06-09 | Seymour Timothy H | Wheel and chain power transmission machine |
US4766997A (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-08-30 | The Budd Company | Bearing for a conveyor chain |
US4832187A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1989-05-23 | The Laitram Corporation | Modular center drive conveyor belt |
US4860884A (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1989-08-29 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Bucket conveyor, particularly for unloading ships |
-
1992
- 1992-03-12 EP EP19920909887 patent/EP0575552A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-03-12 AU AU16796/92A patent/AU1679692A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-03-12 BR BR9205772A patent/BR9205772A/en active Search and Examination
- 1992-03-12 WO PCT/US1992/002108 patent/WO1992016408A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-03-12 JP JP4509069A patent/JPH06510266A/en active Pending
- 1992-03-12 CA CA 2105860 patent/CA2105860A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1721939A (en) * | 1927-10-27 | 1929-07-23 | Pettibone Mulliken Company | Chain-equipped structure |
US1894600A (en) * | 1928-06-04 | 1933-01-17 | Charles D Schmidt | Chain |
US1958139A (en) * | 1930-09-19 | 1934-05-08 | John R Gammeter | Sprocket chain and method for making the same |
US1973214A (en) * | 1933-01-03 | 1934-09-11 | Frank H Lamb | Hinged connection |
US1970568A (en) * | 1933-09-28 | 1934-08-21 | Harry A Knox | Track for track-laying vehicles |
US2553646A (en) * | 1947-08-11 | 1951-05-22 | Field Eric | Endless track or chain |
US2647023A (en) * | 1948-10-19 | 1953-07-28 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Track for track-laying vehicles |
US3153348A (en) * | 1961-04-13 | 1964-10-20 | Sedis Transmissions Mec | Transmission chain |
US3432024A (en) * | 1966-02-02 | 1969-03-11 | Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co | Bulk material handling apparatus with rotary digging device |
US3387721A (en) * | 1966-02-04 | 1968-06-11 | Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co | Bucket chain conveyor |
US3756375A (en) * | 1971-10-13 | 1973-09-04 | Dravo Corp | Material handling apparatus |
US4116497A (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1978-09-26 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Apparatus for reducing track noise in a track-type vehicle |
US4261214A (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1981-04-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Chain noise preventing device |
US4227422A (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1980-10-14 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Chain device |
US4268204A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1981-05-19 | Dravo Corporation | Continuous ship unloader |
US4428739A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1984-01-31 | Shimano Industrial Company Limited | Roller chain |
US4832187A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1989-05-23 | The Laitram Corporation | Modular center drive conveyor belt |
US4671783A (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1987-06-09 | Seymour Timothy H | Wheel and chain power transmission machine |
US4860884A (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1989-08-29 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Bucket conveyor, particularly for unloading ships |
US4766997A (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-08-30 | The Budd Company | Bearing for a conveyor chain |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0575552A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2105860A1 (en) | 1992-09-14 |
JPH06510266A (en) | 1994-11-17 |
BR9205772A (en) | 1994-04-19 |
EP0575552A4 (en) | 1994-05-25 |
EP0575552A1 (en) | 1993-12-29 |
AU1679692A (en) | 1992-10-21 |
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