WO1991015930A2 - Affichage tridimensionnel - Google Patents

Affichage tridimensionnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991015930A2
WO1991015930A2 PCT/US1991/002155 US9102155W WO9115930A2 WO 1991015930 A2 WO1991015930 A2 WO 1991015930A2 US 9102155 W US9102155 W US 9102155W WO 9115930 A2 WO9115930 A2 WO 9115930A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
screen
switchable
image
dimensional display
screens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/002155
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1991015930A3 (fr
Inventor
Philip J. Jones
Original Assignee
Raychem Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Corporation filed Critical Raychem Corporation
Publication of WO1991015930A2 publication Critical patent/WO1991015930A2/fr
Publication of WO1991015930A3 publication Critical patent/WO1991015930A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/388—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
    • H04N13/395—Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume with depth sampling, i.e. the volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D image planes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/52—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/161—Encoding, multiplexing or demultiplexing different image signal components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to three dimensional displays, in particular three dimensional displays having enhanced contrast.
  • a number of three dimensional displays are known. Some can present only static images, that is images which do not change. Others are dynamic, that is, they can present moving images. However, many prior art displays are cumbersome, requiring complex bulky and/or complex equipment.
  • the present invention provides a simple dynamic three dimensional display.
  • a three dimensional display of my invention comprises:
  • Figures la and lb show a front projection display of this invention.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show a front projection display of this invention having a dark background screen for enhanced contrast.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show a rear projection display of this invention.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show schematically single and multiple projector arrangements, respectively, for displays of my invention.
  • a three-dimensional effect is achieved by sequentially projecting portions of an overall three dimensional image. Each portion is projected onto a different screen, the screens being arranged one behind the other. Each screen is independently switchable between a substantially transparent state and a strongly scattering state. When the image corresponding thereto is being projected, a screen is in its strongly scattering state. When the image corresponding to another screen is being projected, the screen is switched to its substantially transparent state, to permit light from the projector to reach that another screen, or to permit the viewer to see the image formed on that another screen, or both.
  • the eye has to fuse the individual images together. This can be achieved if the total sequence of images is shown at a repetition rate greater than the critical flicker frequency, generally between 50 and 70 Hz, depending on the picture size and brightness.
  • FIGS la and lb show a front projection display 1 of this invention.
  • Switchable screens 2a-2e are arranged one in front of the other.
  • projection means 3 is shown projecting onto screen 2c, which is in its strongly scattering state.
  • screens 2d and 2e have been switched by synchronizing switch 4 into their transparent state.
  • the state of screens 2a and 2b is immaterial, since no light from projection means 3 needs to pass through them or is being projected on them at the moment shown, although as a matter of convenience in designing the synchronizer circuitry, it may be simpler to have them switched to the transparent state whenever an image is not being projected onto them.
  • the overall three dimensional image is formed by the projection of a sequence of images on screens 2a-2e, with the switching between the various screens being sufficiently fast so that the human eye perceives not each image individually, but the aggregate three-dimensional image. It is to be understood that although in the Figures a five-screen arrangement is shown, this number is only illustrative.
  • the three dimensional displays of this invention can be made with a greater or lesser number of switchable screens, according to the degree of three dimensional effect desired.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show another front projection display, having enhanced contrast.
  • the display of these Figures differs from the display of Figures la-b in having a dark, light absorbing background screen 5 behind the switchable screens 2a-e.
  • projection means 3 projects a three- dimensional image portion-wise, one image for each depth plane of the overall image.
  • projection means 3 has a duty cycle of less than 1:1 — that is, it is not projecting all the time.
  • synchronizing switch 4 switches all of screens 2a-2e to their transparent states, so that the viewer sees all the way through them to dark background screen 5.
  • Typical duty cycles are about 1:10, and preferably are in the range between about 1:5 and about 1:200.
  • FIGs 3a and 3b show schematically a rear projection display 10 of this invention.
  • the display operates similarly to that shown in Figures la-b, except that synchronizing switch 4 switches all the screens onto which an image is not being projected to their transparent state, so that light can either pass through them to the viewer (screens 2a and 2b in Figure 3a) or through them from the projection means to the screen onto which the image is being projected (screens 2d and 2e in Figure 3a).
  • the projection means can be either a single projector projecting the various images in sequence, or can be an array of plural projectors operating in combination.
  • a single projector such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) projector can be used, running at a field frequency of 180 Hz.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a circuit arrangement with a single projector.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a multiple projector arrangement.
  • each three dimensional image plane has a field synchronication signal associated with it, that signals the start of a new field. This signal is fed to a counter which, with the aid of a multiplexer, selects the drive to the appropriate screen and/or projector.
  • the switchable screens in the displays of this invention comprise an encapsulated liquid crystal material, whose preparation is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,435,047 (1984), 4,606,611 (1986), 4,616,903 (1986), and 4,707,080 (1987), all to Fergason; published European patent application EP 156,615 (1985), by Pearlman et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,618 (1987), to Wu et al.; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,673,255 (1987) and 4,685,771 (1987), to West et al.; and U.S. Pat. No.
  • Liquid crystals denotes a composition having liquid crystalline properties, whether that composition is a single discrete liquid crystalline compound, a mixture of of different liquid crystalline compounds, or a mixture of liquid crystalline and non-liquid crystalline compounds.
  • liquid crystals have typically elongated molecular shapes, with a tendency to align or orient themselves with their long molecular axes parallel to each other.
  • This alignment causes liquid crystals to be anisotropic, meaning that their measured physical, optical, and other properties are dependent on the direction of measurement (parallel or perpendicular to the direction of alignment).
  • the alignment direction can be influenced by an external stimulus, such as an electrical or magnetic field, causing the liquid crystals to exhibit a particular value of a physical characteristic in one direction when the stimulus is absent, but rapidly switching to a different value when the stimulus is applied. It is because of their anisotropy and their ready realignment that liquid crystals are useful as materials for displays.
  • the containment medium is preferably a polymeric material.
  • Suitable containment media include but are not limited to poly(vinyl alcohol), polyurethane, acrylic and methacrylic polymers and copolymers, epoxies,polyolefins, vinyl polymers, and the like.
  • Encapsulated liquid crystal material can be formed by deposition from an emulsion containing both the containment medium and liquid crystals or by the evaporation of liquid from a solution containing both containment medium and liquid crystals. It can also be formed by making an initially homogeneous mixture containing both containment medium and liquid crystals at an elevated temperature, then cooling to phase- separate out liquid crystal volumes contained in the containment medium. Further, it can be formed by an in-situ polymerization process, in which the containment medium is polymerized and simultaneously encapsulates liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal need not be entirely surrounded by the polymer, and may exist as part of a system with co-continuous phases.
  • the encapsulated liquid crystal material is substantially non-transparent in the absence of a sufficient electric field (the "field-off” state) and substantially transparent in the presence of a sufficient electric field (or “field-on” state).
  • the electric field induces a change in the alignment of the liquid crystals, in turn causing the encapsulated liquid crystal material to switch from a highly light- scattering (and/or absorbent) state to a highly non-scattering and substantially transparent state.
  • the liquid crystals have a positive dielectric anisotropy and that the ordinary index of refraction of the liquid crystals be matched with the refractive index of the containment medium, while the extraordinary index of refraction is substantially mismatched therewith.
  • a screen or shutter made of encapsulated liquid crystal material can be made to switch from a light scattering state to a substantially transparent state by the application of an electric field.
  • the means for applying the electric field may be various.
  • the liquid crystal material has an electrically conductive material or electrode on either side. The application of a sufficient voltage across the two electrodes then induces a corresponding change in the visual appearance of the liquid crystal material between the electrodes.
  • the transparent electrode material comprises a thin coating of a metal or metal oxide, such as gold, nickel, indium tin oxide, and the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Un affichage tridimensionnel comprend (a) une pluralité d'écrans commutables (2a-e) agencés les uns derrière les autres, chaque écran étant commutable indépendamment entre un état de haute dispersion et un état transparent, (b) un moyen de projection (3) destiné à projeter une séquence d'images, chaque image se trouvant dans la séquence correspondant à un des écrans commutables et faisant partie d'une image tridimensionnelle globale, et (c) un moyen de commutation synchronisée (4) destiné à commuter chaque écran commutable de manière synchrone avec la projection de la séquence d'images par le moyen de projection, de manière qu'un écran commutable particulier se trouve dans son état de haute dispersion lorsque l'image lui correspondant est projetée, et dans son état transparent au moins lorsque l'image correspondant à un autre écran est projetée, l'écran particulier étant positionné entre cet autre écran et soit le projecteur soit le spectateur.
PCT/US1991/002155 1990-04-05 1991-03-29 Affichage tridimensionnel WO1991015930A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US50531390A 1990-04-05 1990-04-05
US505,313 1990-04-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991015930A2 true WO1991015930A2 (fr) 1991-10-17
WO1991015930A3 WO1991015930A3 (fr) 1991-11-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/002155 WO1991015930A2 (fr) 1990-04-05 1991-03-29 Affichage tridimensionnel

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1991015930A2 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686711A1 (fr) * 1992-01-08 1993-07-30 Terumo Corp Appareil de visualisation d'images tridimensionnelles a echantillonnage en profondeur.
EP0601985A2 (fr) * 1992-12-09 1994-06-15 CelsiusTech Electronics AB Dispositif pour la visualisation d'images tridimensionnelles
EP0651890A1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1995-05-10 GOULD, Dennis R. Appareil et procede permettant de visionner des images tridimensionnelles
DE19501155A1 (de) * 1995-01-08 1996-07-18 Norbert Dipl Ing Seebeck Dreidimensionale Bildwiedergabe auf einen Flüssigkristallbildschirm mit mehreren LCD-Bildwiedergabeebenen
GB2312584A (en) * 1996-04-22 1997-10-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Layered shutters for volumetric display
EP0865201A2 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-16 Fujitsu Limited Système d'affichage d'image
WO1999042889A1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-26 Power Beat International Limited Afficheur multicouche et procede permettant d'afficher des images sur ledit afficheur
WO1999044095A1 (fr) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Deep Video Imaging Limited Affichage ameliore
EP1804112A1 (fr) * 2004-09-08 2007-07-04 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Methode, dispositif et programme d'affichage 3d
CN102681239A (zh) * 2011-04-19 2012-09-19 Igt公司 多层投影显示器
US9721378B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2017-08-01 Pure Depth Limited Display interposing a physical object within a three-dimensional volumetric space
US9726968B2 (en) 2014-10-27 2017-08-08 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing screens with an array of micro-lenses or micro-mirrors
US9766535B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2017-09-19 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing wavelength multiplexing of colors
US9772549B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2017-09-26 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing polarizing reflective screens
US9986214B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2018-05-29 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing time multiplexing of projection screens and projectors
WO2023016867A1 (fr) * 2021-08-11 2023-02-16 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Agencement pour feu arrière pour un véhicule à moteur et procédé de fonctionnement d'un agencement pour feu arrière pour un véhicule à moteur

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9137525B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2015-09-15 Pure Depth Limited Multilayer video screen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472737A (en) * 1982-08-31 1984-09-18 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Stereographic tomogram observing apparatus
EP0195584A2 (fr) * 1985-03-14 1986-09-24 Tektronix, Inc. Système d'affichage réfléchissant à trois dimensions

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4472737A (en) * 1982-08-31 1984-09-18 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Stereographic tomogram observing apparatus
EP0195584A2 (fr) * 1985-03-14 1986-09-24 Tektronix, Inc. Système d'affichage réfléchissant à trois dimensions

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0651890A4 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1997-06-11 Dennis R Gould Appareil et procede permettant de visionner des images tridimensionnelles.
EP0651890A1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1995-05-10 GOULD, Dennis R. Appareil et procede permettant de visionner des images tridimensionnelles
US5689316A (en) * 1992-01-08 1997-11-18 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Depth sampling three-dimensional image display apparatus
FR2686711A1 (fr) * 1992-01-08 1993-07-30 Terumo Corp Appareil de visualisation d'images tridimensionnelles a echantillonnage en profondeur.
EP0601985A2 (fr) * 1992-12-09 1994-06-15 CelsiusTech Electronics AB Dispositif pour la visualisation d'images tridimensionnelles
EP0601985A3 (en) * 1992-12-09 1994-08-17 Celsiustech Electronics Ab Arrangement for displaying a three-dimensional image.
US5479185A (en) * 1992-12-09 1995-12-26 Celsius Tech Electronics Ab Display arrangement
DE19501155A1 (de) * 1995-01-08 1996-07-18 Norbert Dipl Ing Seebeck Dreidimensionale Bildwiedergabe auf einen Flüssigkristallbildschirm mit mehreren LCD-Bildwiedergabeebenen
BE1011678A5 (nl) * 1996-04-22 1999-12-07 Hughes Aircraft Co Laagvormig weergeefsysteem en werkwijze voor volumetrische presentatie.
GB2312584A (en) * 1996-04-22 1997-10-29 Hughes Aircraft Co Layered shutters for volumetric display
US5813742A (en) * 1996-04-22 1998-09-29 Hughes Electronics Layered display system and method for volumetric presentation
NL1005868C2 (nl) * 1996-04-22 1999-07-13 He Holdings Gelaagd weergavestelsel en werkwijze voor volumetrische presentatie.
GB2312584B (en) * 1996-04-22 2000-04-12 Hughes Aircraft Co Layered display system and method for volumetric presentation
EP0865201A3 (fr) * 1997-03-11 2000-12-27 Fujitsu Limited Système d'affichage d'image
EP0865201A2 (fr) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-16 Fujitsu Limited Système d'affichage d'image
US6262694B1 (en) 1997-03-11 2001-07-17 Fujitsu Limited Image display system
WO1999042889A1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-26 Power Beat International Limited Afficheur multicouche et procede permettant d'afficher des images sur ledit afficheur
US6906762B1 (en) 1998-02-20 2005-06-14 Deep Video Imaging Limited Multi-layer display and a method for displaying images on such a display
WO1999044095A1 (fr) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Deep Video Imaging Limited Affichage ameliore
US9721378B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2017-08-01 Pure Depth Limited Display interposing a physical object within a three-dimensional volumetric space
US10262450B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2019-04-16 Pure Depth Limited Display interposing a physical object within a three-dimensional volumetric space
EP1804112A1 (fr) * 2004-09-08 2007-07-04 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Methode, dispositif et programme d'affichage 3d
US7843402B2 (en) 2004-09-08 2010-11-30 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation 3D displaying method, device and program
EP1804112A4 (fr) * 2004-09-08 2010-05-19 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Methode, dispositif et programme d'affichage 3d
EP2515547A3 (fr) * 2011-04-19 2013-09-11 Igt Affichages de projection multicouche
AU2012202263B2 (en) * 2011-04-19 2014-03-27 Igt Multi-layer projection displays
US8608319B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2013-12-17 Igt Multi-layer projection displays
CN102681239A (zh) * 2011-04-19 2012-09-19 Igt公司 多层投影显示器
US9766535B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2017-09-19 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing wavelength multiplexing of colors
US9772549B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2017-09-26 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing polarizing reflective screens
US9986214B2 (en) 2014-07-22 2018-05-29 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing time multiplexing of projection screens and projectors
US9726968B2 (en) 2014-10-27 2017-08-08 Barco, Inc. Display systems and methods employing screens with an array of micro-lenses or micro-mirrors
WO2023016867A1 (fr) * 2021-08-11 2023-02-16 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Agencement pour feu arrière pour un véhicule à moteur et procédé de fonctionnement d'un agencement pour feu arrière pour un véhicule à moteur

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