WO1991004672A1 - Traitement du sang animal - Google Patents

Traitement du sang animal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991004672A1
WO1991004672A1 PCT/AU1990/000438 AU9000438W WO9104672A1 WO 1991004672 A1 WO1991004672 A1 WO 1991004672A1 AU 9000438 W AU9000438 W AU 9000438W WO 9104672 A1 WO9104672 A1 WO 9104672A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blood
coagulate
process according
product
sodium chloride
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1990/000438
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Kalinowski
George Kowalski
Original Assignee
Andrew Kalinowski
George Kowalski
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andrew Kalinowski, George Kowalski filed Critical Andrew Kalinowski
Publication of WO1991004672A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991004672A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/06—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved method of blood utilisation for human and animal consumption and for pharmacological purposes. It is well known that animal blood is of high nutritional value, and it would be expected that this would result in its extensive use in foods and feedstuffs for both animals and humans. However, due to the complicated and inefficient nature of the present utilisation techniques, the full potential of this resource has not yet been explored. For example, there is a wide range of pet food products available on the market containing proteins of animal origin. Quality meat and blood proteins are characterised by a high nutritional value. However, for economic reasons, their inclusion in foods and feed stuffs for animals is often restricted, so that plant protein substitutes are often used instead.
  • Blood in liquid form can be mixed with various liquid or semi-liquid additives, but in this case the induction of coagulation is limited or prevented, so that practically, the final product has very restricted uses, mainly in the production of some types of sausages.
  • Dried blood products can be stored for longer periods, but usually their nutritional value varies due to deteriorated protein digestibility and formation of lysinoalanine (LAL) and other compounds such as cystine derivatives, which affect nutritional value during manufacture process and storage.
  • LAL lysinoalanine
  • the present invention provides a process for utilisation of blood in which retraction is prevented or at least substantially diminished.
  • the invention also provides a method of efficient moisture removal from the coagulate.
  • the unretracted coagulate not only retains all of the valuable components originally present in the blood, but is also capable of absorbing substantial amounts of further ingredients, whereby a wide range of products may be prepared.
  • One embodiment of the invention accordingly includes the following steps: (a) adding one or more suitable anti-clotting agents while drawing off the blood, to prevent clotting;
  • the agent which diminishes or prevents retraction is an alkali metal halide, for example sodium chloride, potassium chloride or potassium iodide.
  • an alkali metal halide for example sodium chloride, potassium chloride or potassium iodide.
  • Sodium chloride is preferred.
  • Whole blood or its plasma and corpuscular fractions can be used in the present invention, depending on the desired purpose.
  • the consistency, colour and texture of the final product depends on the blood fraction used and also on the supplements being incorporated.
  • the whole blood may first be subjected to chemical or enzymatic treatment to break down haemoglobin, so that the product is white or cream-coloured.
  • Microwave treatment of whole blood coagulate according to the invention produces a more or less spongy and rubbery to friable lightweight expanded product depending on the moisture content; this product is brown to very dark brown or black in colour.
  • the product looks like cooked liver. It is firm and brown in colour.
  • the plasma-based product is characterised by whitish-greyish appearance.
  • the corpuscular fraction When used, it results in a product which is dark-brown to black in colour.
  • the texture of these blood fraction-originated products is variable. Scalding in water results in a solid of fragile to rubbery consistency.
  • Figure 1 represents a top view of a microwave treated coagulate of whole blood
  • Figure 2 represents a side elevational view of the microwave-treated coagulate of whole blood.
  • Figure 3 represents a side cross-sectional view of the microwave-treated coagulate of whole blood.
  • the basic component used in the invention is mammalian and/or avian blood or blood fractions.
  • Bovine blood is especially suitable because of its wide availability.
  • Plasma-originated products, because of their colour, are the preferable supplements in foods for human consumption.
  • Whole animal blood is more suitable as the valuable source of proteins in animal nutrition.
  • the corpuscular fraction can be used for pharmaceutical or similar purposes, for example as an antianaemic food supplement.
  • Clotting prevention can be also achieved by addition of sodium chloride or a trisodium citrate/sodium chloride mixture.
  • Suitable procedures to prevent clotting and coagulation include the following:
  • - trisodium citrate is added to the blood in the proportion of 0.2 to 0.6% as a solid substance or in aqueous solution; sodium chloride is optionally added to the blood in the proportion of 0.8 to 2.5% by weight;
  • All of the said methods of clotting prevention are suitable for animal blood originated from mammals.
  • Sodium chloride in the said proportions alone does not fully prevent coagulation of poultry blood, so trisodium citrate or a trisodium citrate-sodium chloride combination should be used.
  • the whole liquid blood is cooled down to room temperature at the range of 18-35°C.
  • the temperature tolerance is ⁇ 5 C. The cooling can take place in the collection containers in which further processing is effected.
  • the second stage of the processing involves mixing the blood with various ingredients and induction of controlled coagulation.
  • the pH of the system may optionally be decreased to a value between 6.5 and 5.0 by inclusion of acids with or without other ingredients; this lowered pH results in a final texture and quality superior to the product with pH outside the 5 -6.5 range.
  • the acidifying agents used for the purpose may include: citric acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and other food acids.
  • All of the said ingredients can be incorporated into the blood, its fractions or their diluted forms as aqueous or blood solutions which may improve mixing efficiencies.
  • the quantity of certain ingredients bound by the system during the coagulation process is closely related to its form and structure.
  • water and aqueous solutions are readily bound. For instance, up to 65% of water can be trapped within the resultant coagulate and be preserved therein unless the product is subjected to moisture removal.
  • any liquid or semi-liquid substance containing components such as proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and various chemical compounds approved for human or animal use, can be coalesced with the blood or its fractions in a proportion up to 50% of total weight of the mass.
  • Solid compounds in any form can be bound with the blood or plasma in a proportion not exceeding the total blood or plasma weight. Their inclusion into the corpuscular blood fraction has quantitative limitations because of the moisture content of the system.
  • the final product becomes more friable.
  • the colour and the texture of the coagulated product depends on the blood or blood fraction used and the ingredients being incorporated.
  • the resultant coagulate based on whole blood has a jelly ⁇ like consistency which can be more or less firm.
  • the colour is bright red or a little darker.
  • the plasma-originated compound has a straw to pinkish type of colour and jelly-like, elastic consistency.
  • the corpuscular fraction-based coagulate is dark red, and its jelly texture feels more rigid and more fragile than the whole blood compound.
  • Two alternative procedures may be employed in the next processing stage, namely heat treatment, or exposure to microwaves. The effect of such treatment is to fix the incorporated ingredients and to change the texture of the product.
  • the fresh coagulate is thinly sliced, cut or shredded as required and subjected to microwaves.
  • the microwave output and time of exposure are freely adjusted to obtain a product of desired texture and moisture content.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the appearance of a microwave-treated slice of whole blood coagulate.
  • This invention of microwave application to treat fresh coagulated blood or composition of blood and any other ingredients allows for efficient moisture removal and the same, improved drying process, without affecting the nutritional value of the product. Drying can also be improved by optional introduction of cold, warm or hot air into the microwave unit or within the system. Any conventional electronic microwave ovens either with or without conveyer belt is suitable for the purpose. It can be adopted to any technological process so the specific product requirements are met.
  • microwave-treated blood products processed in accordance with the present invention make them highly suitable for the wide range of applications in animal nutrition and for human consumption, after the prescribed health standards are followed.
  • Microwave treatment preserves the availability of the essential amino acid lysine in the product, when compared to fresh blood or blood products. Lysine is present in the microwave- treated coagulate at 7.91% with respect to total protein, compared to a maximum of 7.5% in conventionally-treated coagulates. Coagulation of the blood or plasma may take place in an open tray or container. After coagulation is completed, the vessel is immersed in hot water for scalding. Only a very small quantity of nutrients escapes from the coagulate. In order to ensure heat penetration the maximum thickness of the coagulate should not exceed 6 cm.
  • the coagulated product is heat-treated, suitably by scalding, to fix the incorporated compounds within the three-dimensional fibrin net structure, to consolidate the product, and to denature the proteins, thus neutralising enzymatic activity within the product.
  • the scalding process takes place in hot water at 75 - 95°C.
  • the heat treatment or scalding of the coagulated product is carried out for 20 - 90 minutes, depending on the type of ingredients and the thickness of the material. Basically, completion of the scalding process is indicated by a uniform colour change across the substance to light brown, or brown in the case of the whole blood-based product. It is important to heat the coagulate for at least the minimum period required.
  • the consistency becomes consolidated, similar to that of cooked egg albumin or liver.
  • the plasma-based product becomes whitish to greyish in appearance with more or less rubbery texture.
  • the cell fraction gives a final product of solid composition, but its elasticity is limited. The colour varies from brown to very dark brown.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of this invention provides the option of water pollution-free technology. This may be achieved by carrying out the scalding process in a sealed polyethylene bag or other impervious, thin, suitable container able to withstand the heat treatment process.
  • the shape and size of the bag or container should be chosen to ensure the formation of a coagulate not exceeding 6 cm thickness.
  • the said heating method prevents loss of nutrients and other ingredients from the coagulate, because the polyethylene or other impervious material does not permit the transfer of said compounds into the water, which normally occurs when open scalding is employed.
  • the present invention thereby minimizes or avoids pollution of water, and hence of the environment.
  • the scalding process may be conducted in hot air or radiant heating systems as an alternative to direct contact of coagulated substance with hot water.
  • the coagulated substance should be cut to smaller pieces, preferably not exceeding 6 cm in thickness.
  • Suitable equipment and utensils used in the invention may include: a vessel or container for blood collection, a vessel or container for liquid components and chemicals, optionally a gravity mixer for liquid components and a centifuge or separating/sediment vessel, microwave unit preferably with belt conveyer and cutting/slicing device, optional milling equipment, or a scalding kettle and heat resistant plastic bags or any other suitable containers for coagulation and scalding.
  • This invention has a wide application in human and animal nutrition.
  • the examples of potential uses in human and animal nutrition include use as a meat substitute in sausages, luncheon meats and similar products, and as a dried protein supplement in processed soups and other foods.
  • Another important aspect of this technology lies in the provision of inexpensive, high biological value proteins for inclusion in animal foods and feedstuffs.
  • the products of the invention have a great nutritional potential as a food supplement or basic food for dogs, cats and other carnivores, and especially for breeding stock.
  • the said components are valuable protein supplements in poultry, pig and other livestock rations, including fish food.
  • the product derived from the corpuscular blood fraction can be used as a pharmacological supplement in feed rations for anaemic animals, and particularly for sows in the last 4 weeks of pregnancy to prevent physiological anaemia in newborn piglets.
  • Example 1 A solution is prepared containing:
  • the contents are well mixed and then left undisturbed for 90 minutes at an ambient temperature of 20 - 24°C until coagulation is completed.
  • the thickness of the coagulated substance should be a maximum of 6 cm.
  • the tray with its contents is immersed in hot water at 85 - 90° C for 50 - 60 minutes.
  • the resulting solid product may be minced or shredded and is particularly useful for inclusion in the rations for carnivore stock, such as fur-producing animals.
  • Example 2 10 litres of plasma obtained by centrifugal separation from veterinarily approved porcine blood stabilised with 0.5% trisodium citrate is mixed in a stainless steel container with 120.0 g sodium chloride and 35 ml of 15% lactic acid, and then 5 minutes later with 20.2 g calcium chloride. The mixture is left undisturbed for 70 - 80 minutes at room temperature (about 22°C). After coagulation is completed, the coagulate is removed from the container, sliced into 1.0 to 1.5 cm pieces and subjected to microwave exposure for 45 seconds in a 10 kW electronic oven in lots of 1 kg. The resulting product may be minced or shredded and used as a meat substitute in sausage production.
  • the content of the container is left to coagulate for 90 minutes at ambient temperature (20 -24 °C), and the resulting coagulate is removed from the container, sliced into 1.0 -1.5 cm thick pieces, and subjected to microwave exposure in a 10 kW electronic oven for 45 seconds.
  • This product is recommended as a food supplement for pregnant carnivores.
  • This product is recommended as a food component for domestic carnivores in areas known to be deficient in iodine.
  • Example 5 10 10 litres of sheep blood stabilised with 0.3% trisodium citrate is mixed in a 60 1 capacity plastic bag with a mixture of the following:
  • the mixture is left to stand at room temperature 25 until coagulated, after which the bag is sealed and scalded at 90 - 95°C for 60 - 70 minutes.
  • This product is recommended in the diet for dogs, cats and other carnivores during growth, breeding and stress.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé d'utilisation du sang en vue de fabriquer des produits à base de plasma ou de sang entier destinés à être consommés comme aliment par l'homme ou par les animaux et destinés à être utilisés dans l'industrie pharmacologique. L'amélioration réside dans une réduction sensible de la rétraction des caillots sanguins, de sorte que le liquide et les aliments nutritifs du plasma sont conservés. Ce procédé consiste: (i) à ajouter un ou plusieurs anticoagulants (par exemple un agent de chélation ou de liaison Ca), pendant le soutirage du sang ou de la fraction de sang, en vue d'empêcher toute coagulation prématurée, et à refroidir le sang à une température comprise entre 18 et 36 °C; (ii) à ajouter un coagulant approprié à l'anticoagulant utilisé, tel que notamment une solution de NaCl; (iii) à obtenir une réduction sensible de la rétraction des caillots sanguins grâce à l'addition d'un halogénure de métal alcalin pendant ou avant la coagulation, et éventuellement à réduire le pH à un niveau compris entre 6,5 et 5; (iv) à incorporer encore du fluide ou des ingrédients solides dans le coagulant par mélange, et à laisser le produit coaguler à température ambiante pendant 60 à 150 minutes; (v) puis à exposer le coagulat soit à un rayonnement de micro-ondes soit à une source chauffante et à récupérer le produit. De tels produits peuvent être utilisés comme compléments protéiques et autres, par exemple pour obtenir un supplément d'iode, pour les animaux et comme succédané de la viande dans la production de saucisses.
PCT/AU1990/000438 1989-09-29 1990-09-21 Traitement du sang animal WO1991004672A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ6610 1989-09-29
AUPJ661089 1989-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991004672A1 true WO1991004672A1 (fr) 1991-04-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1990/000438 WO1991004672A1 (fr) 1989-09-29 1990-09-21 Traitement du sang animal

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0651948A1 (fr) * 1993-10-11 1995-05-10 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Procédé de préparation en continu de matrice alimentaire solide
EP2064958A1 (fr) * 2006-07-17 2009-06-03 Tecnoamyn S.L. Procédé de récupération et de transformation du sang en une protéine hydrolysée à partir du sang d'animaux d'abattage, permettant d'obtenir une protéine sanguine hydrolysée (phs)
WO2019172740A1 (fr) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henriquez Formulation pour solidifier le sang d'origine animale

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3892678A (en) * 1977-08-15 1980-02-21 Kliem Foods Pty. Ltd Production of food from blood
US4610814A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-09-09 Kiskunhalasi Allami Gazdasag Process for the preparation of protein concentrates and nutriments by processing animal blood
CA1232200A (fr) * 1983-10-28 1988-02-02 Stanislaw Zaleski Methode de transformation du sang d'animaux et de ses fractions
CA1232199A (fr) * 1983-10-28 1988-02-02 Akademia Rolnicza We Wroclawiu Methode de transformation du sang entier d'animaux

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3892678A (en) * 1977-08-15 1980-02-21 Kliem Foods Pty. Ltd Production of food from blood
US4610814A (en) * 1983-06-03 1986-09-09 Kiskunhalasi Allami Gazdasag Process for the preparation of protein concentrates and nutriments by processing animal blood
CA1232200A (fr) * 1983-10-28 1988-02-02 Stanislaw Zaleski Methode de transformation du sang d'animaux et de ses fractions
CA1232199A (fr) * 1983-10-28 1988-02-02 Akademia Rolnicza We Wroclawiu Methode de transformation du sang entier d'animaux

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0651948A1 (fr) * 1993-10-11 1995-05-10 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Procédé de préparation en continu de matrice alimentaire solide
EP2064958A1 (fr) * 2006-07-17 2009-06-03 Tecnoamyn S.L. Procédé de récupération et de transformation du sang en une protéine hydrolysée à partir du sang d'animaux d'abattage, permettant d'obtenir une protéine sanguine hydrolysée (phs)
EP2064958A4 (fr) * 2006-07-17 2011-07-06 Tecnoamyn S L Procédé de récupération et de transformation du sang en une protéine hydrolysée à partir du sang d'animaux d'abattage, permettant d'obtenir une protéine sanguine hydrolysée (phs)
WO2019172740A1 (fr) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 Instituto Tecnológico José Mario Molina Pasquel y Henriquez Formulation pour solidifier le sang d'origine animale

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