WO1991001407A1 - Method and apparatus for manufacture of smooth and glossy papers - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for manufacture of smooth and glossy papers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991001407A1 WO1991001407A1 PCT/CA1990/000229 CA9000229W WO9101407A1 WO 1991001407 A1 WO1991001407 A1 WO 1991001407A1 CA 9000229 W CA9000229 W CA 9000229W WO 9101407 A1 WO9101407 A1 WO 9101407A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- web
- cylinder
- paper
- dryer
- drying
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/0281—Wet presses in combination with a dryer roll
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
- D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a continuous process, and apparatus for drying wet fibrous webs, and more particularly, it applies to the drying of wet printing papers such as newsprint.
- a new drying method is disclosed which, compared with the conventional method, employs a smaller number of dryers, leads to better machine runnability, and yields products with greater tensile strength, better surface properties and printing characteristics. This method is particularly suitable for drying wet cellulosic webs intended for printing products such as newsprint and bond paper.
- a suspension of cellulosic fibres is ejected on an advancing forming fabric which retains a large portion of fibres and fine cellulosic material, and transmits a large portion of water. Additional water is removed from the wet cellulosic web by mechanical compression between two rotating press rolls. Water remaining in the pressed web is removed by evaporation in a dryer section of the paper machine.
- the web is passed around a series of internally-heated rotating cylinders known as "dryers", which are usually arranged in an upper and a lower row.
- the advancing web is heated by direct contact with a portion of the cylinder surface.
- This drying method is well known, and is described for example in US 2299460.
- the wet web is often sandwiched to the dryer surface by dryer fabrics.
- One such fabric might wrap a part of the surface of the upper row of dryers, while another dryer fabric might wrap the bottom part of the lower row of dryers.
- the wet paper proceeds around the initial drying cylinders adjacent to a single drying fabric.
- the paper is supported by the fabric as it advances between the dryers, which reduces the tendency of the web to flutter, and the frequency of the breaks.
- the single felted arrangement is used primarily, but not exclusively, on the initial section of cylinders where the sheet is very moist and weak, while the open draw is utilized between the remaining drying cylinders.
- Application of a single drying fabric in a serpentine configuration is described for example in US 4172007.
- a disadvantage of the single felted run is that only one half of dryers (usually those in the upper row) come into direct contact with the paper, while the other half of dryers are separated from the paper by the dryer fabric which reduces the amount of heat transferred from these dryers to wet web. Consequently, more dryers, or higher dryer temperatures are required with the serpentine arrangement of dryer felt.
- Total Bel Run a dryer section in which the serpentine arrangement was extended over the whole length of the dryer section. While in the regular serpentine run the bottom row of cylinders is separated from wet web by drying fabric, in the Total Bel Run, the bottom cylinders are replaced by small diameter vacuum rolls (Beloit Canada Technical Seminar, Montreal January 26, 1988) . Such a dryer section is capable of operating at high speeds, but has the disadvantage of being even longer than the conventional dryer section.
- Another method sometimes used for drying paper employs the "Minton Dryer” (US 1147809) in which the drying cylinder is located within a large evacuated chamber. At the decreased air pressure, the boiling point of water is reduced, which could potentially increase the rate of heat transfer.
- the disadvantage of Minton dryers is that, in the absence of drying fabrics, the intimate contact between the dryer and the web is not established, and the rate of heat transfer is low.
- Another problem associated with the Minton Dryer is the necessity to disrupt the vacuum whenever a sheet break occurs. In the absence of any support for the wet web during the transfer between dryers, this method cannot be used on fast machines.
- the wet web is supported by jets of heated gas which provide the heat required for the evaporation of water, and carry away water vapours.
- This operation is described for example in US 3739491.
- the heat transfer rates achieved with this method are high, and the mechanical stress on the wet web is low.
- the cellulosic web dried without contact with a supporting medium shrinks unevenly and subsequently develops undesirable deviation from polarity called cockle, which lowers the product quality and might lead to wrinkles or cuts during calendering. Difficulties with threading the dryer after a web break are another disadvantage of this drying method, presently used mainly for heavy basis weight grades or for initial drying of light basis weight products.
- the web is dried entirely on a single, large-diameter, rotating, steam-heated cylinder nown as "MG cylinder” or “Yankee dryer".
- MG cylinder large-diameter, rotating, steam-heated cylinder
- a notable feature of web drying on a single cylinder is that the initial contact between the dryer surface and the web is established in a press nip.
- the soft wet-web fibres establish an intimate contact with the surface of the dryer which leads to a high heat transfer and drying rates.
- the drying rate is further enhanced by impingement of hot air on the paper adhering to the dryer surface.
- the jets of preheated air come from the so called "high velocity" hood, which surrounds a large portion of the Yankee dryer.
- about half of the drying energy is derived from the steam inside the Yankee dryer, while the
- creped tissue paper When paper is completely dried on a single, large diameter dryer, it adheres strongly to the dryer surface and cannot be safely peeled off without breaking the sheet, especially if the basis weight of the paper is low.
- the web In production of creped tissue paper, the web is dried entirely on a single Yankee dryer, and the dry product is separated from the dryer surface by a creping blade.
- the separated paper is densely wrinkled by the action of the blade, and usually has from 25 to 120 crepe ridges per inch. Paper creped in this manner has low tensile strength, high bulk, softness and water absorbency, and a rough surface. These properties make creped paper a good material for hygienic products, but unsuitable for application as a printing paper.
- MG cylinders Heavier basis weight, often partially dried, cellulosic webs are sometimes also pressed to large diameter driers, called MG cylinders. These stronger and less adhesive webs might be peeled from the dryer surface, giving a product which has one side smooth and glossy, or "machine glazed" (hence MG cylinder) .
- machine glazed two sides of a product treated in this way are very different, namely the web side which was in contact with the dryer surface becomes smoother and glossier than the reverse side.
- Such a product is suitable for products such as folding boxes in which only one side is visible, while lower demands are placed on the board side inside the box.
- Yankee drying is presently used especially for light basis weight hygienic or wrapping papers which are removed from the dryer by a creping blade, and MG cylinders are used for some paperboard products in which the difference in the two paper sides is desirable.
- the essential requirements of printing paper include good surface smoothness, identical properties of two paper sides, and resistance of the superficial fibres and fines to their removal by tacky ink during the printing process (low linting propensity) .
- the printing quality of paper improves with improving surface smoothness. Therefore, the smoothness of all printing papers is enhanced by calendering the dry paper in one or several nips formed by polished calender rolls.
- the results of calendering of paper include decreased roughness and increased gloss, which are desirable, and reduced paper thickness which is desirable only for some grades.
- the undesirable results include a decrease in the tensile, tear and burst strength of paper, and a reduction of the cohesion of the superficial fibres and fines with the rest of the web.
- Desirable properties of printing papers include low roughness, high gloss, large tensile and tear strength, low linting propensity and no difference in the characteristics of the two sides of paper. While smoothness and gloss of paper can be improved by calendering, this treatment has a negative effect on the strength and linting propensity of paper. Therefore, other and more expensive methods, such as. the application of more expensive pulps to furnish, are sometimes used to reduce the amount of calendering required to optimize the properties of printing papers made of mechanical pulps. Clearly it is desirable to develop a process which would produce a smoother and glossier paper, especially newsprint, without negatively affecting the strength and linting properties of paper.
- a method has been discovered for the continuous drying of endless cellulosic webs at a drying rate greater than that normally achieved on cylinder dryers.
- the paper dried according to this method is stronger, smoother, glossier, and has a greater surface strength than paper dried by conventional methods.
- the method is particularly suitable for drying wet cellulosic webs intended for printing products such as newsprint and bond paper.
- the method consists of drying a water containing cellulosic web for paper on at least two heated cylinders in such a manner that one paper side is adjacent to the surface of the first cylinder and the other side is adjacent to the surface of the second cylinder.
- the water-containing cellulosic web is fed onto a first heated cylinder and a first side of the web is pressed against a smooth surface of the first heated cylinder with the first side contacting the smooth surface.
- the resulting partially dried web is removed from the first cylinder and fed onto a second heated cylinder and is pressed against a smooth surface of the second heated cylinder with a second side of the web contacting the smooth surface of the second cylinder; the second side being opposed to the first side, whereafter the resulting dried cellulosic web is removed from said second cylinder.
- the pressing of the partially dried web against the smooth surface of the second cylinder is carried out by pressing with a smooth, impermeable press roll applied against the web in contact with the first side.
- an apparatus for carrying out the method includes first and second rotatable cylinders, each having a smooth cylindrical surface.
- a heating means is provided to heat the cylindrical surfaces.
- a roller is disposed to press a first side of the endless water-containing cellulosic web into contact with the smooth cylindrical surface of the first cylinder.
- a smooth, impermeable press roll is disposed to contact the first side of the web downstream of the first cylinder and presses the web with its second side in contact with the cylindrical surface of the second cylinder.
- Drive means is provided to drive the cylinders.
- the first and second cylinders are large diameter cylinders, having a diameter of 3 to 8, usually about 6 metres, and the cylinders have a surface temperature of about 105 to 130°C preferably about 118°C.
- the nip load at the pressing of the web against the first and second cylinders is suitably 65 to 150 kN/m, preferably about 100 kN/m.
- the web suitably travels in contact with the cylinders at the regular velocity of the paper machine for example 600 to 1500 m/min. , and the method is particularly suitable for machines operating at speeds above 1000 m/min.
- the drying rate achieved is between 70 and 100, typically about 85 kg/m 2 h on the first cylinder and 15 to 30, typically about 25 kg 2 h on the second cylinder.
- the web is pressed against the first cylinder by pressing a porous. compressible substrate, for example, a felt, in contacting engagement with the second side of the web.
- a porous. compressible substrate for example, a felt
- the web previously dewatered in a conventional press section, is pressed onto the first large diameter dryer by means of a felt, backed by a press roll equipped with some superficial cavities to accept water escaping from the press nip.
- the partially dried web is pressed to the second large diameter cylinder by an unfelted smooth press roll.
- the large diameter dryers operate without dryer fabrics and in the preferred embodiment, they are equipped with high velocity hoods, infrared heaters or other external means of drying. Drying of webs pressed on the surface of a smooth dryer leads to paper with higher strength, gloss, and smoothness than that of the conventionally dried paper.
- the smooth unfelted press roll on the second large diameter dryer preserves the paper smoothness developed on the first dryer. The drying rates obtained by this method are 6 to 10 times greater than those achieved on conventional dryer sections.
- FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a drying apparatus for use in the method of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a modified drying apparatus which is not satisfactory
- FIG. 3 illustrates schematically a drying apparatus for use in the method of the invention equipped with a high velocity hood
- FIG. 4 illustrates schematically a conventional dryer assembly
- FIG. 5 illustrates schematically the conventional dryer assembly of Fig. 4 modified to incorporate a drying apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates schematically a pilot drying machine for carrying out the method of the invention.
- the drying apparatus consists of two large diameter cylinders 1, 2 and two press rolls 3, 4 equipped with web transfer devices ( Figure 1). Web 5, is carried by the press felt 6 to the nip formed by the press roll 3 and dryer 1.
- the transfer device consists of an air doctor 7, and a vacuum roll 8. The combined effect of the air doctor 7 and the vacuum roll 8 transfers the web from dryer 1 to the conveyor fabric 9. The web is picked up by the solid smooth press roll 4 and pressed onto the second dryer 2. The partially or completely dried web is removed from the dryer 2 by the air doctor 10 and, with the assistance of the vacuum roll 11 is transferred on the conveyor fabric 20 which carried it to the subsequent machine part such as an after-dryer or a calender.
- the web 5 arrives to dryer 1 fro-, a conventional press with a solids content between about 30% and 46% as it enters the nip formed by the press roll 2 and the dryer 1.
- the press nip the web is compressed by the press felt .6 to the dryer surface and an intimate contact is established between the web fibres and the surface of the dryers.
- the nip loads required to establish such a contact resemble those commonly used in the press sections of paper machines (I.I. Pikulik and I.T. Pye, Survey of Press Sections of Canadian Pulp, Paper and Board machines, TS CPPA, Montreal, 1986) .
- nip loads for example those above 100 kN/m, might lead to a better water removal in the press nip and a slightly greater solids content of web leaving the nip.
- high nip loads are not required for the achievement of high heat transfer rates, and therefore high drying rates.
- high nip loads enhance the development of high gloss and the smoothness of paper, low roughness and higher paper gloss are obtained when press nip loads of 40 to 150 kN/m are used.
- the surface of the dryers 1 and 2 is smoothly polished because characteristics of roll surface are duplicated on the paper surface and a low roughness is desirable for good printing properties of paper.
- the backing press rolls 3 might be equipped with some cavities such as suction holes, blind drilled holes, or grooves, which can receive water expressed from the web and press felt.
- the press roll 4. must be smooth without any large superficial features. Roll 4. is in contact with the smooth and glossy side of paper which was previously glazed by dryer 1. In a conventional felted press nip, such as that formed between dryer 1 and roll 3. or between conventional press rolls, one paper side is compressed against the surface of the press felt. The surface of the felt is rougher and stiffer than that of moist paper.
- a unique feature of this invention is the compression of the web by a smooth, impermeable roll 4. on the surface of heated cylinder 2.
- Conventional press roll covers made of hard rubber or other material are suitable for this roll. Loads in the nip formed by press roll 4 . and dryer 2 will depend on the desired properties of the product. Higher nip loads increase the drying rate on the second dryer and smoothness of the top side of paper. The smoothness of the top paper side is also greater if the humidity of paper arriving at the second dryer is increased. Equal smoothness and gloss of the two paper sides can be achieved by adjusting dryer surface temperature, parameters of high velocity hoods, and nip loads of the two dryers.
- Water removal capacity of a dryer is doubled when it is equipped with a so called high velocity hood as indicated in Figure 3.
- the jets of preheated air which impinge from the high velocity hood .13. on web 5. as it proceeds around the dryer provide the heat required for evaporation of water and carry water vapour away from the vicinity of the paper.
- the high velocity hood can be used when this invention is applied to high speed machines, heavy basis weight printing papers, or whenever an increase in the drying capacity is required.
- the construction and operating parameters of the high velocity hood are not the subject of this invention.
- a hood such as that described by T. Gardner [Tappi, 47(4) 210 (1964) ] or other efficient hoods could be employed.
- other external heat sources for example infrared heat could be used to increase the drying rate.
- Dryers l and 2 can be heated by various means, such as internally by compressed steam or direct flame, electrical induction, infrared radiation or externally e.g. by electrical induction or other means.
- the majority of Yankee dryers and MG cylinders currently used, are heated internally by medium pressure steam, and similar techniques are also applicable to the present invention.
- the optimum temperature of the dryer surface will depend on the properties of the web. If the dryer temperature is too high and the web has a low permeability to water vapours, a layer of pressurized steam could develop between the dryer surface and the paper in a manner similar to that used in impulse drying. At high machine speeds and short nip residence time this steam would not displace liquid water as it occurs during impulse drying, but it could partially separate the web from the dryer wall, reduce the area of intimate contact between the dryer and the fibres. This would result in a lower heat transfer rate and a slower rate of drying. Too low a temperature at the drier surface would result in a low temperature difference between paper and dryer, and therefore a low heat transfer rate, and a low rate of drying.
- the dryer surface temperature might range from about 100°C to about 170°C, and temperatures in the range of 108°C to 140°C were found to be especially convenient for the drying of newsprint.
- the amount of water removal on the dryers described in this invention depends on the web-dryer contact time which, in turn, depends on the diameter of the dryers and on machine speed.
- the diameter of the dryers is determined by the basis weight of products, moisture content in the pressed web, and machine speed. Dryers with large diameters can provide the residence time required for complete drying of low basis weight printing grades. However, various practical reasons restrict the size of dryers. For example, modern machines producing creped papers usually employ a single dryer with a diameter of about 6 to 7 m.
- the web is pressed on the first dryer cylinder with the solids content similar to that obtained at the end of a conventional press section, namely 35% to 50%.
- the web is removed from the first cylinder at a solids content of 55% to 75% and pressed to the second dryer.
- the cellulosic fibres are less swollen, more rigid and a less perfect contact with the surface of the second dryer will be established upon pressing. For this and other reasons, the rate of drying is lower on the second dryer than on the first dryer.
- paper is dried to its final solids content, namely about 90%, on just two large diameter dryers, as this method of drying provides a high drying rate, good paper surface smoothness and gloss and improved paper strength. A smaller, but still substantial improvement in the paper smoothness and gloss can be obtained when paper is pressed to a dryer with a smaller diameter. Paper partially dried in this manner can then be dried further by other methods.
- the two dryers equipped with presser rolls could be installed within conventional cylinder dryer section to improve the surface properties of the product.
- a scheme of a conventional dryer section is shown in Figure 4.
- a conventional dryer section modified by installation of two press roll equipped dryers is shown in Figure 5.
- the dryer section modified as shown in Figure 5 provides an increased rate of drying only on two dryers, JL4.
- Additional dryer cylinders can be equipped with press rolls if further increase in the drying capacity and improvement in the paper surface properties is desirable.
- press rolls acting on the wet webs on the initial dryers where the web solids content is too low must be felted to provide a route for escape of water removed from paper in the press nip, and press rolls acting on dryer webs (for example with solids content of 57% or greater) , should be unfelted and smooth to prevent marking of the sheet. Paper could be pressed to any dryer cylinder, however, as the web solids content increases, beneficial effects of web pressing on dryers declines.
- drying rates of 160 kg water per m 2 per hour are achieved at dryers of tissue machines.
- drying rates of about 90 kg water per m 2 per hour were obtained when drying newsprint, even without the assistance of air impingement.
- the average drying rate on conventional newsprint drying cylinders is only about 15 kg water per 2 per hour (TAPPI Technical Information Sheet 0404-15, revised in 1986) .
- the web is dried on two dryers with diameters of about 5-7 m.
- Two large diameter dryers even if equipped with high velocity hoods, might not be able to entirely dry the web on very rapid machines, especially if they produce products with a higher basis weight.
- additional dryers can be used to complete drying of the web after the second dryer.
- the web pressed onto the dryer surface has a relatively low solids content, as required for the development of good paper surface properties.
- Once high gloss and smoothness are achieved in the paper after drying on the two consecutive large dryers to a solids content of 70% or more, these desirable properties are retained in paper which was subsequently dried by other means.
- This additional drying can be accomplished on conventional drying cylinders, or by other techniques.
- the excessive moisture which remains in the web leaving the second dryer could be evaporated on a dryer which combines the air impingement with an air passage through the sheet (US 3248798) , and which is known as Papridryer.
- Example 1 Showing that paper pressed to just one dryer is stronger, and has one smooth and one glossy side.
- Newsprint sheet with a basis weight of 50 g/m 2 was prepared on a pilot paper machine equipped with a twin former and operating at 800 m/min, from a furnish composed of 18% softwood kraft pulp and 82% stone groundwood pulp.
- the sheet was pressed on a paper machine in two press nips loaded to 45 and 90 kN/m respectively, and reeled at a solids content close to 40%. Further treatment of the sheet was carried out on the pilot drying machine shown in Figure 6.
- the wet paper was unwound from the reel jL8_ and carried at a speed of 100 m/min by the press felt 6. into a nip formed by the press roll 3. and dryer roll .1.
- the dryer roll was heated externally by electrical induction.
- the press nip load was 100 kN/m and the roll temperature was about 125°C.
- the diameter of the press roll 3. was 0.76 m and that of the dryer JL was 0.88 m.
- the residence time of paper on the dryer roll was about 1.60 s which corresponds to a residence time on a dryer with a diameter of 6 m, operating at 700 m/min.
- the solids content of the sheet at reel 18 was 39.2% and of that at reel 19. was 61.2%. This corresponds to a drying rate of 104 kg water per m 2 of dryer per hour.
- the tensile energy absorption (TEA) is a reflection of both the tensile strength and stretch of paper. Paper prepared according to the invention had TEA 38% greater than the control sample. While an increase of the tensile strength by conventional methods, such as by refining or by addition of strength chemicals, is often accompanied by a decline of the tear strength, this negative effect did not occur when the invention was applied.
- Example 2 ⁇ showing that smoothness developed on the first dryer is destroyed by pressing paper with a felt to the second dryer.
- Wet newsprint web was prepared as described in Example 1, and treated on the pilot dryer machine shown in Figure 6. Paper was unwound from reel 18., passed through the press nip and over the dryer 1 and collected on reel 19. A sample of paper treated in this manner was removed, and reel 19. was relocated to position 18. The sheet was then passed again through the nip and over the dryer in such a manner that the paper side that had faced the felt during the first pass faced the dryer on the second pass. Solids content of the initial paper was 43.8%, after the first pass 67.3%, and after the second pass 80.3%. Some parameters of operation and paper test results from this experiment are shown in Table II.
- Example 3 showing improvements in smoothness, strength and printing quality of paper dried according to this invention.
- the newsprint web was prepared as described in Example 1, and treated on the pilot dryer machine shown in Figure 6, equipped with a smooth, hard press roll 3.. Paper was unwound from reel JL8 in the press nip, was compressed between the felt 6. and the dryer 1, proceeded around the dryer 1, and was collected on the reel 19. The reel 19. with the partially dried paper was then relocated to the position 18. and the felt 6. was removed. The sheet was passed again through the nip formed by the smooth roll 3. and dryer 1 , proceeded over the dryer in such a manner that the paper side that contacted the felt during the first pass faced the dryer during the second pass, while the reverse side faced the hard and smooth press roll.
- Paper characterized in Table III was pressed at 100 kN/m and dried on a cylinder heated to about 118°C.
- the paper described in Table III develops the required bulk and smoothness with less calendering.
- An important quality criterion of printing paper grades is the print density index, which is a measure of the surface darkness achieved by a certain quantity of ink.
- Table IV indicates that, although the paper prepared according to this invention was only lightly calendered, it had a print density index similar to that of heavily calendered conventional paper.
- Example 4 showing web solids contents which can be obtained on two large diameter dryers equipped with press rolls.
- the amount of water removed from a web pressed onto a heated cylinder depends on the web residence time.
- the average drying rates obtained in several experiments similar to those described in Examples 2 and 3 were 88 kg/mh for the first pass and 23 kg/m 2 h for the second pass. If it is assumed that similar drying rates could be obtained on a large diameter industrial dryer, the solids content obtainable at various machine speeds could be calculated.
- Table V contains solids contents calculated for a newsprint sheet with a basis weight of 50 g/m 2 previously pressed to a solids content of 45% and dried on two 6 m diameter driers, the perimeter of each of which is wrapped by the web, for a distance of 17 m. Drying rates of 88 kg/m 2 h and 23kg/m 2 h are assumed for the two passes .
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69007484T DE69007484T2 (en) | 1989-07-20 | 1990-07-19 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING SMOOTH AND GLOSSY PAPER. |
BR909007535A BR9007535A (en) | 1989-07-20 | 1990-07-19 | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING A CELLULOSE SCREEN |
NO920196A NO303236B1 (en) | 1989-07-20 | 1992-01-15 | Method and apparatus for producing smooth and glossy paper |
FI920223A FI107172B (en) | 1989-07-20 | 1992-01-17 | Method and apparatus for producing smooth and glossy papers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38272589A | 1989-07-20 | 1989-07-20 | |
US382,725 | 1989-07-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991001407A1 true WO1991001407A1 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
Family
ID=23510147
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA1990/000229 WO1991001407A1 (en) | 1989-07-20 | 1990-07-19 | Method and apparatus for manufacture of smooth and glossy papers |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0483183B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2588637B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU629372B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9007535A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2062983C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69007484T2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI107172B (en) |
NO (1) | NO303236B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991001407A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2082671A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1996-03-16 | Pastor Francisco Garcia | Improvements to the mechanical process of pressing in the manufacture of paper |
EP0672783A3 (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1996-12-18 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Dryer section. |
US5720852A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1998-02-24 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Method and device for stabilizing the running of a paper web in connection with a paper guide roll |
WO2008148934A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Upm-Kymmene Corporation | A method for manufacturing paper |
US9670617B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2017-06-06 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | System and methods involving fabricating sheet products |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3006482B2 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 2000-02-07 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Information retrieval apparatus and method |
Citations (5)
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US1873949A (en) * | 1930-01-29 | 1932-08-30 | Harrison R Williams | Paper drying means |
US1951710A (en) * | 1931-11-12 | 1934-03-20 | Burgess Cellulose Company | Process and apparatus for drying fibrous sheets |
DE3017446A1 (en) * | 1979-05-19 | 1980-11-27 | St Annes Board Mill Co Ltd | PRODUCTION OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD IN THE FORM OF SHEETS OR PANELS OF FIBER-SHAPED CELLULOSE |
EP0043289A2 (en) * | 1980-07-02 | 1982-01-06 | Black-Clawson International Limited | Method and apparatus for manufacturing paper and paperboard |
EP0197906A2 (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1986-10-15 | Scandiafelt Ab | Felt and web run in yankee machines |
-
1990
- 1990-07-19 DE DE69007484T patent/DE69007484T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-19 JP JP2509916A patent/JP2588637B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-19 CA CA 2062983 patent/CA2062983C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-19 EP EP19900910498 patent/EP0483183B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-19 BR BR909007535A patent/BR9007535A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-19 AU AU59583/90A patent/AU629372B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-07-19 WO PCT/CA1990/000229 patent/WO1991001407A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1992
- 1992-01-15 NO NO920196A patent/NO303236B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-17 FI FI920223A patent/FI107172B/en active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1873949A (en) * | 1930-01-29 | 1932-08-30 | Harrison R Williams | Paper drying means |
US1951710A (en) * | 1931-11-12 | 1934-03-20 | Burgess Cellulose Company | Process and apparatus for drying fibrous sheets |
DE3017446A1 (en) * | 1979-05-19 | 1980-11-27 | St Annes Board Mill Co Ltd | PRODUCTION OF PAPER OR CARDBOARD IN THE FORM OF SHEETS OR PANELS OF FIBER-SHAPED CELLULOSE |
EP0043289A2 (en) * | 1980-07-02 | 1982-01-06 | Black-Clawson International Limited | Method and apparatus for manufacturing paper and paperboard |
EP0197906A2 (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1986-10-15 | Scandiafelt Ab | Felt and web run in yankee machines |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2082671A1 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1996-03-16 | Pastor Francisco Garcia | Improvements to the mechanical process of pressing in the manufacture of paper |
EP0672783A3 (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1996-12-18 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Dryer section. |
US5720852A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1998-02-24 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Method and device for stabilizing the running of a paper web in connection with a paper guide roll |
WO2008148934A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2008-12-11 | Upm-Kymmene Corporation | A method for manufacturing paper |
US9670617B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2017-06-06 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | System and methods involving fabricating sheet products |
US10337793B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2019-07-02 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | System and methods involving fabricating sheet products |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69007484T2 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
AU5958390A (en) | 1991-02-22 |
NO920196L (en) | 1992-01-15 |
BR9007535A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
CA2062983C (en) | 1995-06-20 |
CA2062983A1 (en) | 1991-01-21 |
FI107172B (en) | 2001-06-15 |
DE69007484D1 (en) | 1994-04-21 |
EP0483183B1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
NO303236B1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
EP0483183A1 (en) | 1992-05-06 |
JPH04506839A (en) | 1992-11-26 |
AU629372B2 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
FI920223A0 (en) | 1992-01-17 |
JP2588637B2 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
NO920196D0 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
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Pikulik | 1.1 Approach Flow System The forming process is preceded by an approach flow system that receives the aqueous fiber suspension, or stock, and prepares it for the forming process. Fibres are produced using kraft process or other pulping/bleaching processes (see Bleaching of wood pulps) and the proportions of fibers from different sources are blended here. Drained water from the forming process, known as whitewater, contains useful fibrous material and is continuously recycled back into the stock. Screens and centrifugal cleaners in the approach flow system remove oversize and heavy contaminants from the pulp. Additives such as minerals, pigments and dyes are introduced to make particular grades of paper and paper board. Air bubbles may be removed from the pulp suspension. The mass concentration, or consistency, of the suspension is kept low to prevent fibre flocculation prior to forming and is usually adjusted to a value in the range of 0.5 to 1.5%. | |
Pikulik | [$ Papridry^{TM} $], A New Technique for Drying of Paper and Board |
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