WO1990015928A1 - Actuateur a memoire de forme - Google Patents

Actuateur a memoire de forme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990015928A1
WO1990015928A1 PCT/US1990/003458 US9003458W WO9015928A1 WO 1990015928 A1 WO1990015928 A1 WO 1990015928A1 US 9003458 W US9003458 W US 9003458W WO 9015928 A1 WO9015928 A1 WO 9015928A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shape memory
elements
shape
control member
memory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1990/003458
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David N. Ii Abujudom
Paul Edward Thoma
Roger Vincent Hajny
Steven Allen Linstead
Original Assignee
Johnson Service Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Service Company filed Critical Johnson Service Company
Publication of WO1990015928A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990015928A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/04—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements
    • F23N3/042—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/16—Fail safe using melting materials or shape memory alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H01H2061/0122—Two SMA actuators, e.g. one for closing or resetting contacts and one for opening them

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bidirectional shape memory actuator having specific physical and mechanical properties and, more particularly, to the positioning of a moveable member, such as a vent control, using a shape memory actuator.
  • a moveable member such as a vent control
  • shape memory actuator Description of the Prior Art Shape memory elements have been used to open and close vent dampers as shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,284,235 entitled *Vent Control Arrangement for Combustion Apparatus" issued on August 18, 1981.
  • a helix made of a shape memory material is used to open a damper plate.
  • the damper plate is normally in a closed position and opened by heating the helix to the deformation temperature so that it deforms to rotate the damper plate to a fully opened position.
  • a lever mounted on the helix on reaching the fully open position, closes a limit switch that activates a solenoid actuated gas valve to light the burner.
  • the helix remains energized until the heat requirement is satisfied.
  • the holding circuit is then opened. As the helix cools down, it will rotate the damper to the closed position.
  • dampers are used to control the air flow rate of cool air and room air into the module to meet the personal requirements of the individual working in the work station.
  • motor controllers were used to control the position of the damper plates and thus the temperature and air flow rate of the air passing through the dampers. Accurate control of the position of the damper plate is critical to the success of the module.
  • the electric motors have a limited life, are noisy and expensive and also require periodic maintenance.
  • a shape memory actuator having two shape memory elements is used to control the position of a damper plate in both opening and closing the damper.
  • Using two shape memory elements makes it possible to positively locate a damper plate in a duct at different positions and thereby control the air flow rate through the duct to satisfy conditions of temperature and pressure.
  • the shape memory elements can be directly incrementally heated to move the damper plate in the duct to positions intermediate full open and full closed. It should be noted that while the following description is with respect to the control damper plate in an air flow duct, the invention is not so limited.
  • the shape memory actuator can be used to position any fluid control member, whether liquid or gas, where the control member is moved in one direction to an open position and another direction to a closed position.
  • the two shape memory elements each have a predetermined shape memory austenite or upper phase transition temperature and a predetermined martensite or lower phase transition temperature, one of the shape memory elements being connected to move the damper plate toward an open position when the temperature of the shape memory element is raised to the austenite or upper phase transition temperature and the other actuator being connected to move the damper plate toward the closed position when the temperature of the second shape memory element is raised to the austenite or upper phase transition temperature.
  • the shape memory elements can be heated directly or indirectly to move the damper plate to meet the required air flow rate conditions.
  • One of the principal features of the invention is the ability to hold a damper plate in a position between full open and full closed without a holding current in the shape memory elements.
  • a holding device which may be in the form of a visco elastic mechanism, brake mechanism or a magnetic stepping mechanism to hold the damper plate in a particular position in a duct.
  • SMART Shape Memory Alloy Rotating Terminal
  • a principal advantage of the invention is the provision of a shape memory actuator that is simple in structure and operation in comparison to motor controlled systems as well as being noiseless in operation.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the elimination of drive motors, gears, and the like presently used as damper controllers.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fluidic damper using the shape memory actuator according to the invention to control the position of the damper plate in the duct.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the fluidic damper of Figure 1 showing the position of the shape memory actuator.
  • Figure 3 is a view of the shape memory actuator showing the damper plate in the partially open position.
  • Figure 4A is a view similar to Figure 3 showin the damper in the closed position.
  • Figure 4B is a view similar to Figure 3 showin the damper in the full open position.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit for the shape memory actuator.
  • Figure 6 is a view of the shape memory actuator showing the shape memory elements connected to a visco elastic drag assembly for positively positioning the damper plate in a duct.
  • Figure 7 is a view of the shape memory elements connected to a damper plate through a shape memory controlled brake mechanism for maintaining the position of the damper plate in a duct.
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 showing the shape memory elements connected to a damper plate through a spring controlled brake mechanism for controlling the position of the damper plate in a duct.
  • Figure 9 is a view of the shape memory elements connected to a damper plate through a magnetic stepping mechanism for positively locating the position of the damper plate in the duct.
  • Figure 10 is a view of the top of an air flow duct using a rotary magnetic stepping mechanism for controlling the position of the damper plate.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of a Shape
  • SMART Memory Alloy Rotating Terminal
  • Figure lla is a side plan view of the connector shown in Figure 11.
  • Figure 12 is a view of the SMART connector shown in Figure lla mounted on each end of a coil spring type shape memory element.
  • Figure 13 is a view of the shape memory element of Figure 12 rotated 90* to show the connection to the pin of the damper plate lever and stationary pin.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of a non-conductive connector for a coil spring type shape memory element.
  • Figure 15 is a view, similar to Figure 14, showing a non-conductive connector having a portion of the thread broken away to provide for connection of the coil type element to the connector.
  • Figure 16 is a view showing another form of mounting for the coil type element to the non-conductive terminator.
  • a shape memory actuator 10 for controlling the position of a damper plate 12 in a duct 14.
  • the damper plate 12 is secured to a rod 16 by means of a set screw 28.
  • One end of the rod is mounted for rotary motion in a bearing 18 and the other end in a bearing block 20.
  • One end of the rod 16 is connected to the shape memory actuator 10.
  • the other end of the rod extends outwardly from the bearing block 20 and is secured in the block 20 by a retaining ring 22 and a set screw 24.
  • the shape memory actuator 10 includes a first means in the form of a shape memory element 30 for opening the damper plate 12 and a second means in the form of a shape memory element 32 for closing the damper plate 12.
  • the shape memory elements 30 and 32 are in the form of coil springs, however, it should be noted that the shape memory elements can be provided in various forms or configurations.
  • the element 30 is connected at one end to a pivot pin 44 mounted on the end of a lever 36 which is secured to the rod by a screw 38.
  • the other end of the shape memory element 30 is connected to a fixed pivot pin 40.
  • the element 32 is connected to pivot pin 44 and to a fixed pivot pin 42.
  • the shape memory elements 30 and 32 are made of the same shape memory alloy so that they have essentially the same hysteresis and phase characteristics.
  • Shape memory alloys as described herein, are of the type described in U.S. Application Serial No. 183,818 filed on April 20, 1988, entitled "A Method For Producing A Shape Memory Alloy Member Having Specific Physical and Mechanical Properties" which is assigned to the same assignee and is incorporated herein by reference. In that application, a method is described for providing specific physical and mechanical properties for shape memory alloy materials. These properties relate to the transformation temperatures of the various shape memory phases, the resulting hysteresis between such phases, and the relationship between the start and finish temperatures of the respective phases.
  • the same alloy is described herein, it is within the contemplation of the invention to use different shape memory alloys as well as alloys having different characteristics for each of the shape memory elements.
  • the shape memory element 30 has been heated to a temperature at or above the austenite phase transition temperature, and the element has assumed the tight coil spring memory shape.
  • the damper 12 is closed and the element 32 is stretched mechanically transforming element 32 from a austenite phase A to a martensite phase, M.
  • the shape memory element 30 cools after being transformed to the austenite or upper phase A, the element 30 will remain in the austenite phase until the element 32 is heated to open the damper.
  • the element 32 is heated above its austenite phase transition temperature, it assumes the tight coil memory shape, Figure 4B.
  • the cooled element 30 will be stretched to mechanically transform the element 30 from the austenite phase to the martensite phase.
  • thermo mechanically processed shape- memory alloys transform from the austenite phase to the martensite phase by first transforming to a rhombohedral phase and then transforming to the martensite phase. It is important in the transformation of the elements 30 and 32 from the austenite to the martensite phase, that the transformation is mechanically induced by stretching and not thermally induced by cooling. The life of the SMA spring is reduced if the element is initially thermally induced to the martensite phase and then reoriented when mechanically stretched by the other element. This is prevented by selecting an SMA alloy that is compatible with the expected environmental conditions.
  • the second element When one element is heated to open or close the damper, the second element will be stretched by the contracting motion of the first element. In either case, once the damper is opened or closed, the heated element is allowed to cool down no farther than the start of the unstressed martensite phase.
  • one of the elements 30 or 32 can be incrementally heated up to obtain partial austenite transformation.
  • the second of the elements will be stretched, to partially induce martensite transformation. If it is desired to open the damper farther, the same element can be heated again to obtain the desired increase in the opening. If it is desired to move the damper in the opposite direction, the second element can be heated to obtain partial or complete austenite transformation to move the damper in the opposite direction. It should be noted that both of the elements may hot be simultaneously heated to the austenite phase. In partial transformation, both phases may co-exist in the same element.
  • the shape memory elements 30 and 32 are energized by means of an electrical controller circuit 35 as shown in Figure 5.
  • the shape memory elements 30 and 32 are connected across a power source 37 and in series with solid state switches (triacs) 39 and 41. Each switch 39, 41 being controlled by controller 43.
  • controller responds to a signal to increase or decrease the air flow through the duct 14, one of the switches 39 or 41 is activated to close the circuit for one of the shape memory elements 30, 32.
  • the energized shape memory element will move to its memory shape moving the damper plate in the opening or closing direction.
  • the controller will turn off the switch. Once the switch is turned off, a time delay is initiated by the controller preventing the energization of the other switch until the previously energized element has cooled down to a temperature that permits the mechanical induction of the martensite phase.
  • the first shape memory element 30 is energized to close the damper plate 12. As seen in Figure 4A, the first element 30 will contract and the second shape memory element 32 will be stretched by the contraction of the first element 30. The damper is opened by heating element 32. As seen in Figure 4B, the element 32 contracts and the element 30 is stretched y the contracting motion of element 32.
  • the element 30 is heated long enough to move the damper plate 12 incrementally to the desired setting and then de-energized. balance of forces is achieved between the stress imposed on the heated element as it contracts and is transformed to the austenite phase while the other element is stretched mechanically inducing the martensite phase in the other element.
  • the element 30 may have sufficient spring force to move the damper plate 12 slightly in the opposite direction. Means are therefore provided for holding the damper plate 12 in the position to which it was moved by the energized element.
  • a number of shape memory actuators are shown which include means for holding the damper plate 12 in a fixed position with respect to the duct 14.
  • the shape memory elements 30, 32 are connected to a drag assembly 44 which is used to hold the damper plate 12 in a particular position.
  • the drag assembly 44 includes a pinion gear 46 mounted on the rod 16 and a rack 48 provided on an elongate member 50 which is connected at each end to the elements 30, 32.
  • a fixed member 52 is located in abutting relation to the member 50.
  • a viscoelastic material 54 is provided between the elongate members 50, 52 to slightly resist sliding motion between the members 50, 52.
  • one of the elements 30, 32 is energized so that it starts to heat up. As it passes through the austenite start transition temperature, the element will start to move toward its memory shape configuration pulling the elongate member 50 toward the energized element. The de-energized element will stretch and the damper plate 12 will move toward the open or closed position. When the damper plate 12 reaches the desired position, the energized element is de-energized. The stretched element will try to pull the member 50 slightly backward. The visco elastic material will hold the elongate member 50 in a fixed relation with respect to the fixed member 52 so that the damper plate 12 remains in the fixed or desired position.
  • FIG. 7 another form of holding means is shown which includes an elongate member 50' having a rack 48 on one surface of the member 50' which is positioned to engage the pinion gear 46.
  • a series of depressions 56 are provided on the opposite surface of the member 50'.
  • a fixed member 52' is positioned next to member 50' and is provided with a bore 58 that houses a stop pin 60.
  • the pin 60 is biased into engagement with the elongate member 50' by means of a spring 62 which bears against a plate 64 provided on the pin 60.
  • the pin is retained within the bore by means of a retaining ring 66 provided in a groove 63 in the open end of the bore 58.
  • the pin 60 is withdrawn from the elongate member 50' by means of a shape memory element 68 which is connected to the end of the pin 60 and to a fixed pin 70.
  • the elongate member 50" includes a rack 48 which is positioned to engage the pinion gear 46.
  • a ratchet gear 72 is provided on the bottom of the member 50".
  • the stationery member 52" includes a pin 60, spring 62 and plate 64 as described above.
  • the pin 60 is in the form of a pawl which is biased by means of a spring 62 into engagement with the gear 72.
  • step by step holding means are shown in the form of an elongate magnetic assembly 80 ( Figure 9) and a circular magnetic assembly 90 ( Figure 10).
  • the elongate member 50"' has a rack 48 positioned to engage the pinion gear 46.
  • the member 50"' is made up of alternate north and south magnetic pole pieces 47 and 49, respectively.
  • a fixed member 52"' is also made up of alternate north and south pole pieces 51 and 53, respectively.
  • a duct 14 is shown of the type shown in Figure 1 and 2 in which the step by step holding means is in the form of circular magnetic members 92 and 94 which are used to control the position of the damper plate 12.
  • the member 92 having alternate north and south poles 91, 93, respectively.
  • the member 94 having alternate north and south poles 95, 97, respectively.
  • the member 92 is mounted on the duct 14 and the member 94.is mounted on the end of the rod 16. On energization of one of the elements 30 or 32, the member 94 will rotate to a position wherein the north and south poles of member 94 are opposite the south and north poles of member 92 when the actuator is de-energized.
  • the elements 30 and 32 can be connected to the fixed pins and moveable members by means of shape memory alloy rotational terminal (SMART) connectors 100.
  • the shape memory elements 30 and 32 are shown in the form of coils in Figures 11, 12, and 13. This form is used because it provides the least amount of stress in the actuator. It is important to provide a connector that requires a minimum amount of the turns of the coil for mechanical and electrical connection and is of small mass and low thermal conductivity to prevent heat sinkin at the ends of the coil. It is important to minimize heat sinking in the connectors so that there is equal strain between each loop when heated and cooled as shown in Figure 13.
  • SMART connectors 100 which are stamped from sheet stock in the form of a flat strip of material having a low mass.
  • the connector 100 is provided with a pair of legs 104 at one end and a hook 106 at the other end.
  • a hole 108 is provided in the center of the strip for connecting the connector to an electrical lead 112.
  • the SMART connectors are connected to the last turn of the coil at each end of the shape memory elements 30 and 32.
  • the connectors are mounted on the coil by inserting the projection 101 at the end of the connector into the coil and wrapping the legs 104 around the coil thus providing both a mechanical and electrical connection to the element.
  • the hole 108 provides a connection for the electric leads 112.
  • a spring shape memory alloy link (SSMAL) connector 120 is shown as an alternate means for connection to the element.
  • the link connector is made out of a material which is electrically and thermally non-conductive so that there is no heat sink formed at the end of the coil.
  • the link connector 120 is in the form of a rod 122 which is threaded either totally or partially with a square thread 124 that is matched to the SMA member turns per inch.
  • the diameter of the rod 122 is measured from the bottom of the thread and is the same or slightly larger than the inside diameter of the coils of the shape memory element 126.
  • the materials which can be used for this type of link are engineering thermoplastics.
  • Means can be formed on the end of the rod 122 for attaching the connector 120 to a pivot member. Such means is in the form of a hook 127, secured to or molded on the end of rod 122.
  • Means are provided at the end of the thread 124 for forming a solid, inflexible point of egress 130 for the element 126.
  • Such means is formed at the end of the rod 122 by removing a portion of the thread at the spring end of the rod 122. The portion is removed for one-fourth of one revolution from the normal end of the thread. This provides a solid, inflexible point of egress 130 for the element 126 when wound on the link connector.
  • Means can be provided on the threads of the link connector for covering the turns of the coil in the spaces between the threads on the connector so that they cannot unwind.
  • Such means is in the form of a non-flowing, high peel strength epoxy 132 applied in the spaces between the threads where the coils of the element have been wound as shown in Figure 15.
  • a modified form of link connector 120 is shown in which a portion of the thread 124 is removed to form a space 125 to facilitate the application of the epoxy 132 so that the epoxy does not contact the active portion of the coils of the element 126.
  • the active portion of the element 126 begins at the point of egress 130.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actuateur à mémoire de forme destiné à commander la position d'un élément de commande, tel qu'une plaque d'amortissement (16) se trouvant dans un conduit (14), ledit actuateur comprenant des premier et second éléments à mémoire de forme (30, 32) ayant chacun une température de transition de phase austénitique au-dessus de laquelle chaque élément prend une forme de mémoire prédéterminée, ainsi qu'une phase inférieure se formant lorsque ledit élément a été tiré à partir de la position de forme prédéterminée, lesdits premier et second éléments étant connectés afin de déplacer ledit élément de commande dans différentes directions, lorsque l'un ou l'autre desdits éléments est chauffé à une température supérieure à sa température de transition de phase austénitique, ainsi qu'un circuit électrique (35) destiné à élever sélectivement la température de l'un ou de l'autre des éléments. Ledit élément de commande peut être maintenu dans une position intermédiaire entre la position entièrement ouverte et la position entièrement fermée, à l'aide de mécanismes de maintien reliant ledit actuateur audit élément de commande. Lesdits mécanismes de maintien comprennent un mécanisme élastique vidéo, un mécanisme de verrouillage positif libéré par un élément à mémoire de forme, ou un élément magnétique composé de pôles magnétiques agencés de manière alternée. On a mis au point un certain nombre de connecteurs permettant de connecter les éléments AMF aux amortisseurs.
PCT/US1990/003458 1989-06-21 1990-06-19 Actuateur a memoire de forme WO1990015928A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36945389A 1989-06-21 1989-06-21
US369,453 1989-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990015928A1 true WO1990015928A1 (fr) 1990-12-27

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PCT/US1990/003458 WO1990015928A1 (fr) 1989-06-21 1990-06-19 Actuateur a memoire de forme

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AU (1) AU5933490A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990015928A1 (fr)

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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NL1004873C2 (nl) * 1996-12-23 1998-06-24 Univ Twente Inrichting voor het onderling verplaatsen van twee objecten.
WO2003069644A1 (fr) * 2002-02-12 2003-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif actionneur avec element actionneur constitue d'un metal a memoire de forme et moyens de liaison mecaniques
WO2004009995A1 (fr) * 2002-07-24 2004-01-29 M 2 Medical A/S Actionneur en alliage a memoire de forme
CN101936275A (zh) * 2009-06-25 2011-01-05 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 包括活性材料的致动器***
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US11865299B2 (en) 2008-08-20 2024-01-09 Insulet Corporation Infusion pump systems and methods
JP7483886B2 (ja) 2019-12-20 2024-05-15 アクチュエーター・ソリュ―ションズ・ゲーエムベーハー Ｓｍａベースの離散アクチュエータ

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