WO1988003608A1 - High-voltage switch - Google Patents
High-voltage switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1988003608A1 WO1988003608A1 PCT/DE1987/000396 DE8700396W WO8803608A1 WO 1988003608 A1 WO1988003608 A1 WO 1988003608A1 DE 8700396 W DE8700396 W DE 8700396W WO 8803608 A1 WO8803608 A1 WO 8803608A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- light
- cascade
- voltage switch
- circuit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
- F02P7/02—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of distributors
- F02P7/03—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of distributors with electrical means
- F02P7/035—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of distributors with electrical means without mechanical switching means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
- H03K17/102—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage in field-effect transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
- H03K17/105—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage in thyristor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
- H03K17/795—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors
- H03K17/7955—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors using phototransistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high voltage switch according to the preamble of the main claim.
- Ignition distributor arrangements are known which are designed as so-called static high-voltage distributors and have no moving parts. These known arrangements use semiconductor elements for each spark plug to be controlled, each of which is assigned an ignition coil. These circuits are relatively complex and expensive to manufacture, in particular because of the ignition coils that are required repeatedly.
- a high-voltage switch of the type mentioned with the features of the main claim has the advantage that only one ignition coil is required for all spark plugs and that a very precise ignition can take place.
- the semiconductor elements arranged in cascade which are preferably designed as high-voltage transistors or thyristors, are actuated by light irradiation, that is to say that the semiconductor elements switch on when irradiated with light and thereby apply the ignition pulses supplied by the ignition coil to the downstream spark plug. Very good results were achieved with cascade circuits of 3 to 50 phototransistors or photothyristors connected in series.
- a plurality of Darlington stages arranged in cascade can also be provided as optoelectronic high-voltage transistors.
- the light irradiation to the light-sensitive zones of the semiconductor elements can take place directly from a light source or via optical fibers.
- a light source for example a light-emitting diode
- a number of light-emitting elements corresponding to the number of semiconductor elements of the cascade circuits is required.
- a particularly advantageous development of the invention provides that the cascade circuits of the optoelectronic semiconductor elements and the associated light-emitting elements are each constructed as a hybrid circuit in which a transparent insulator is arranged between the optoelectric semiconductor elements and the adjacent light-emitting elements.
- a compact arrangement is obtained, which can consist of several cascade circuits, corresponding to the number of spark plugs to be operated by an internal combustion engine.
- the cascade circuit and the associated light-emitting elements can be cast in a common housing, as a result of which optimal insulation is achieved.
- the light-emitting elements are preferably designed as low-voltage elements and, for example, as light emitting diodes can be operated with control voltages of less than 5 volts.
- a cascade connection with 3 to 50 high-voltage transistors or thyristors can be used to switch through 15 kV and also higher voltages, such as those that occur as ignition voltages in automotive engineering.
- FIG. 1 shows a high-voltage switch designed as an ignition distributor arrangement.
- FIG. 2 shows the principle of a high-voltage switch with optical fibers
- FIG. 3 shows a high-voltage switch with a plurality of Darlington circuits and with separate light-emitting elements
- FIG. 4 shows a hybrid circuit arrangement of a high-voltage switch in section
- FIG. 5 shows an ignition circuit with high voltage switch
- FIG. 6 shows a high-voltage switch with thyristors arranged in cascade.
- the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is an ignition voltage distributor which contains four cascade circuits 1 to 4, each of which consists of five optoelectronic semiconductor elements, which are designed here as high-voltage phototransistors 5.
- a light-emitting diode 6 is assigned to each high-voltage phototransistor 5 as a light-emitting element.
- resistors 7 existing voltage dividers 8 to 11 are provided, which serve to linearize the cascade circuits. All cascade circuits 1 to 4 are connected with their one connection terminals to a high-voltage input HV, while their other connection terminals lead to spark plugs ZK1 to ZK4, not shown here.
- the series circuits 12 to 15, each assigned to the cascade circuits 1 to 4, of five light-emitting diodes 6 can be controlled via control inputs S1 to S4. If a control signal is applied to one of these control inputs S1 to S4, the light-emitting diodes 6 emit a corresponding light signal to light-sensitive zones of the transistors 5, as a result of which the associated cascade circuit switches through and the high voltage present at the high-voltage input HV - for example 15 kV - to its output shown below is switched through and thus abuts the associated spark plug.
- FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which, instead of individual photo transistors, pairs of phototransistors and transistors arranged in a Dalington circuit form the cascade circuit. Such an arrangement may be necessary in particular for high ignition currents or low light outputs.
- FIG. 4 shows a cascade circuit constructed in hybrid technology with five optoelectric semiconductor elements 17, to which a corresponding number of light-emitting diodes 18 are assigned at a short distance: a glass layer 19 is located between the diodes 18 and the semiconductor elements 17 as a transparent insulator.
- the semiconductor elements 17 are over Traces and resistance networks 20 connected and arranged over a carrier substrate 21.
- the conductor tracks 20 are electrically conductively connected to high-voltage connection lugs 22, 23, one of the connection lugs being the high-voltage connection HV and the other connection lug being the connection leading to a spark plug.
- the control connection S1 for the light-emitting diodes 18 is led out of the housing 25 at the top.
- the housing 25 is made of plastic and is closed at the bottom with an aluminum cover 26.
- the inside of the housing 25 is filled with a potting compound 27, whereby an optimal insulation is achieved.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit arrangement for distributing the ignition voltage, the cascade circuits 1 to 4 each being shown in simplified form here by a transistor element.
- a battery voltage UB is applied to the primary winding of a transformer TR, a switching transistor ST being interposed, the switching transistor ST is actuated continuously by a controller S via its base connection to generate a secondary-side high voltage on the transformer TR.
- the secondary winding of the transformer TR is grounded on the one hand and is connected to the cascade circuit 28 via a diode D and an inductance I on the other hand. Between the diode D and the inductance I, one connection of a high-voltage capacitor C is connected, the other connection of which is connected to ground. This high-voltage capacitor C is charged by the transformer TR via the diode D.
- the control S determines the optimum ignition time in each case point for the different cylinders or different spark plugs ZK1 to ZK4 depending on the engine speed n and other parameters that characterize the respective operating state of the engine. If, for example, the spark plug ZK1 is to ignite on the basis of this ignition timing calculation, the control S causes a control signal which activates the light-emitting diode 6 to be emitted on its control line SL1. The light-emitting diode 6 thereby turns on the cascade circuit 1, so that the ignition voltage reaches the spark plug ZK1. In a corresponding manner, the remaining spark plugs ZK2 to ZK4 are acted upon by the ignition voltage at the calculated ignition times.
- FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a circuit arrangement consisting of several cascade circuits, in which case the optoelectric semiconductor elements are designed as photo thyristors TH and directly or via optical fibers 16. one or more light-emitting diodes 6 are optically coupled. All of the circuit arrangements shown are provided for any number n of spark plugs ZK1 to ZKn.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
High-voltage switch which can be used in particular as an ignition voltage distributor for applying the ignition voltage to the spark plugs of a combustion engine. The high-voltage switch consists of a cascade connection of opto-electronic semi-conductor elements (5) which are operated or switched by means of incident light radiation. As a result, very high voltages can be switched precisely, and a galvanic separation is ensured between the control circuit and the high-voltage circuit. The control circuit can be operated with a low voltage, so that the unit can be used, in particular in a trouble-free manner, with electronic ignition systems.
Description
Hochspannungsschalter High voltage switch
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochspannungsschalter gemäß der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a high voltage switch according to the preamble of the main claim.
Es sind Zündverteileranordnungen bekannt, die als sogenannte ruhende Hochspannungsverteiler ausgebildet sind und keine beweglichen Teile besitzen. Diese bekannten Anordnungen verwenden für jede anzusteuernde Zündkerze Halbleiterelemente, denen jeweils eine Zündspule zugeordnet ist. Diese Schaltungen sind verhältnismäßig aufwendig und insbesondere wegen der mehrfach benötigten Zündspulen teuer in der Herstellung.Ignition distributor arrangements are known which are designed as so-called static high-voltage distributors and have no moving parts. These known arrangements use semiconductor elements for each spark plug to be controlled, each of which is assigned an ignition coil. These circuits are relatively complex and expensive to manufacture, in particular because of the ignition coils that are required repeatedly.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Ein Hochspannungsschalter der eingangs genannten Gattung mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß lediglich eine Zündspule für sämtliche Zündkerzen erforderlich ist und daß eine zeitlich sehr exakte Zündung erfolgen kann. Die in Kaskade angeordneten Halbleiterelemente, die vorzugsweise als Hochspannungs- Transistoren oder -Thyristoren ausgebildet sind, werden durch Lichteinstrahlung betätigt, d.h. daß die Halbleiterelemente bei Bestrahlung mit Licht durchschalten und dadurch
die von der Zündspule gelieferten Zündimpulse an die nachgeschaltete Zündkerze anlegen. Sehr gute Ergebnisse konnten mit Kaskadenschaltungen von 3 bis 50 in Reihe geschalteten Phototransistoren oder Photothyristoren erzielt werden.A high-voltage switch of the type mentioned with the features of the main claim has the advantage that only one ignition coil is required for all spark plugs and that a very precise ignition can take place. The semiconductor elements arranged in cascade, which are preferably designed as high-voltage transistors or thyristors, are actuated by light irradiation, that is to say that the semiconductor elements switch on when irradiated with light and thereby apply the ignition pulses supplied by the ignition coil to the downstream spark plug. Very good results were achieved with cascade circuits of 3 to 50 phototransistors or photothyristors connected in series.
Als optoelektronische Hochspannungs-Transistoren könnnen auch in Kaskadenschaltung angeordnete mehrere Darlingtonstufen vorgesehen werden.A plurality of Darlington stages arranged in cascade can also be provided as optoelectronic high-voltage transistors.
Die Lichteinstrahlung zu den lichtempfindlichen Zonen der Halbleiterelemente kann von einer Lichtquelle ausgehend direkt oder über Lichtleitfasern erfolgen. Je nach Anwendung kann aber auch jedem Halbleiterelement eine Lichtquelle, beispielsweise eine lichtemittierende Diode zugeordnet sein, deren Licht jeweils zur Betätigung einer der in Kaskade angeordneten Halbleiterelemente dient. Bei dieser letztgenannten Ausführung ist eine der Anzahl der Halbleiterelemente der Kaskadenschaltungen entsprechende Anzahl von lichtemittierenden Elementen erforderlich.The light irradiation to the light-sensitive zones of the semiconductor elements can take place directly from a light source or via optical fibers. Depending on the application, however, a light source, for example a light-emitting diode, can also be assigned to each semiconductor element, the light of which in each case serves to actuate one of the semiconductor elements arranged in cascade. In this latter embodiment, a number of light-emitting elements corresponding to the number of semiconductor elements of the cascade circuits is required.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Kaskadenschaltungen der optoelektronischen Halbleiterelemente und die zugeordneten lichtemittierenden Elemente jeweils als Hybridschaltung aufgebaut sind, bei der zwischen den optoelektrischen Halbleiterelementen und den benachbarten lichtemittierenden Elementen ein lichtdurchlässiger Isolator angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise erhält man eine kompakte Anordnung, die aus mehreren Kaskadenschaltungen bestehen kann, entsprechend der Anzahl der zu betreibenden Zündkerzen eines Verbrennungsmotors. Die Kaskadenschaltung und die zugehörigen lichtemittierenden Elemente können in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse vergossen sein, wodurch eine optimale Isolation erreicht wird.A particularly advantageous development of the invention provides that the cascade circuits of the optoelectronic semiconductor elements and the associated light-emitting elements are each constructed as a hybrid circuit in which a transparent insulator is arranged between the optoelectric semiconductor elements and the adjacent light-emitting elements. In this way, a compact arrangement is obtained, which can consist of several cascade circuits, corresponding to the number of spark plugs to be operated by an internal combustion engine. The cascade circuit and the associated light-emitting elements can be cast in a common housing, as a result of which optimal insulation is achieved.
Die lichtemitierenden Elemente sind vorzugsweise als Niederspannungselemente ausgebildet und beispielsweise als licht
emittierende Dioden mit Steuerspannungen von weniger als 5 Volt betreibbar. Eine Kaskadenschaltung mit 3 bis 50 Hochspannungs-Transistoren oder -Thyristoren kann zum Durchschalten von 15 kV und auch von höheren Spannungen verwendet werden, wie sie beispielsweise als Zündspannungen in der Kraftfahrzeugtechnik auftreten.The light-emitting elements are preferably designed as low-voltage elements and, for example, as light emitting diodes can be operated with control voltages of less than 5 volts. A cascade connection with 3 to 50 high-voltage transistors or thyristors can be used to switch through 15 kV and also higher voltages, such as those that occur as ignition voltages in automotive engineering.
Zeichnungdrawing
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 einen als Zündverteileranordnung ausgebildeten Hochspannungsschalter.1 shows a high-voltage switch designed as an ignition distributor arrangement.
Figur 2 das Prinzip eines Hochspannungsschalters mit Lichtleitfasern,FIG. 2 shows the principle of a high-voltage switch with optical fibers,
Figur 3 einen Hochspannungsschalter mit mehreren Darlingtonschaltungen und mit separaten lichtemittierenden Elementen,FIG. 3 shows a high-voltage switch with a plurality of Darlington circuits and with separate light-emitting elements,
Figur 4 eine in Hybridtechnik aufgebaute Schaltungsanordnung eines Hochspannungsschalters im Schnitt,FIG. 4 shows a hybrid circuit arrangement of a high-voltage switch in section,
Figur 5 eine Zündschaltung mit Hochspannungschalter undFigure 5 shows an ignition circuit with high voltage switch and
Figur 6 einen Hochspannungsschalter mit in Kaskade angeordneten Thyristoren.FIG. 6 shows a high-voltage switch with thyristors arranged in cascade.
Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Schaltungsanordnung handelt es sich um einen Zündspannungsverteiler, der vier Kaskadenschaltungen 1 bis 4 enthält, die jeweils aus fünf optoelektronischen Halbleiterelementen bestehen, die hier als Hochspannungs-Phototransistoren 5 ausgebildet sind. Jedem Hochspannungs-Phototransistor 5 ist als lichtemittierendes Element eine Leuchtdiode 6 zugeordnet. Weiterhin sind aus
mehreren Widerständen 7 bestehende Spannungsteiler 8 bis 11 vorgesehen, die zur Linearisierung der Kaskadenschaltungen dienen. Sämtliche Kaskadenschaltungen 1 bis 4 sind mit ihren einen Anschlußklemmen mit einem Hochspannungseingang HV verbunden, während ihre anderen Anschlußklemmen zu hier nicht dargestellten Zündkerzen ZK1 bis ZK4 führen. Die den Kaskadenschaltungen 1 bis 4 zugeordneten Reihenschaltungen 12 bis 15 von jeweils fünf Leuchtdioden 6 sind über Steuereingänge S1 bis S4 ansteuerbar. Wird an einem dieser Steuereingänge S1 bis S4 ein Steuersignal angelegt, so geben die Leuchtdioden 6 an lichtempfindliche Zonen der Transistoren 5 ein entsprechendes Lichtsignal ab, wodurch die zugehörige Kaskadenschaltung durchschaltet und die am Hochspannungseingang HV anliegende Hochspannung - beispielsweise 15 kV - auf ihren unten dargestellten Ausgang durchschaltet und somit an der zugehörigen Zündkerze anliegt.The circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is an ignition voltage distributor which contains four cascade circuits 1 to 4, each of which consists of five optoelectronic semiconductor elements, which are designed here as high-voltage phototransistors 5. A light-emitting diode 6 is assigned to each high-voltage phototransistor 5 as a light-emitting element. Are still out Several resistors 7 existing voltage dividers 8 to 11 are provided, which serve to linearize the cascade circuits. All cascade circuits 1 to 4 are connected with their one connection terminals to a high-voltage input HV, while their other connection terminals lead to spark plugs ZK1 to ZK4, not shown here. The series circuits 12 to 15, each assigned to the cascade circuits 1 to 4, of five light-emitting diodes 6 can be controlled via control inputs S1 to S4. If a control signal is applied to one of these control inputs S1 to S4, the light-emitting diodes 6 emit a corresponding light signal to light-sensitive zones of the transistors 5, as a result of which the associated cascade circuit switches through and the high voltage present at the high-voltage input HV - for example 15 kV - to its output shown below is switched through and thus abuts the associated spark plug.
In Figur 2 ist im Prinzip eine Anordnung dargestellt, bei der von einer lichtemittierenden Diode 6 über Lichtleitfasern 16 das zur Ansteuerung der Transistoren 5 erforderliche Licht geführt wird.In Figure 2, an arrangement is shown in principle, in which the light required for driving the transistors 5 is guided by a light-emitting diode 6 via optical fibers 16.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der anstelle einzelner Photo-Transistoren jeweils in Dalingtonschaltung angeordnete Paare aus Phototransistoren und Transistoren die Kaskadenschaltung bilden. Eine solche Anordnung kann insbesondere für hohe Zündströme oder niedrige Lichtleistungen erforderlich sein.FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which, instead of individual photo transistors, pairs of phototransistors and transistors arranged in a Dalington circuit form the cascade circuit. Such an arrangement may be necessary in particular for high ignition currents or low light outputs.
Figur 4 zeigt eine in Hybridtechnik aufgebaute Kaskadenschaltung mit fünf optoelektrischen Halbleiterelementen 17, denen in geringem Abstand eine entsprechende Anzahl von lichtemittierenden Dioden 18 zugeordent sind: Zwischen den Dioden 18 und den Halbleiterelementen 17 befindet sich als lichtdurchlässiger Isolator eine Glasschicht 19. Die Halbleiterelemente 17 sind über Leiterbahnen und Widerstands
netzwerke 20 verbunden und über einem Träger-Substrat 21 angeordnet. Die Leiterbahnen 20 sind elektrisch leitend mit Hochspannungs-Anschlußfahnen 22, 23 verbunden, wobei eine der Anschlußfahnen den Hochspannungsanschluß HV und die andere Anschlußfahne den zu einer Zündkerze führenden Anschluß darstellen kann.FIG. 4 shows a cascade circuit constructed in hybrid technology with five optoelectric semiconductor elements 17, to which a corresponding number of light-emitting diodes 18 are assigned at a short distance: a glass layer 19 is located between the diodes 18 and the semiconductor elements 17 as a transparent insulator. The semiconductor elements 17 are over Traces and resistance networks 20 connected and arranged over a carrier substrate 21. The conductor tracks 20 are electrically conductively connected to high-voltage connection lugs 22, 23, one of the connection lugs being the high-voltage connection HV and the other connection lug being the connection leading to a spark plug.
Oberhalb der lichtemittierenden Dioden 18 befindet sich eine Wärmeleitschicht 24, die beispielsweise aus Aluminium bestehen kann. Der Steueranschluß S1 für die lichtemittierenden Dioden 18 ist oben aus dem Gehäuse 25 herausgeführt. Das Gehäuse 25 besteht aus Kunststoff und ist unten mit einem Aluminiumdeckel 26 verschlossen. Das Innere des Gehäuses 25 ist mit einer Vergußmasse 27 ausgegossen, wodurch eine optimale Isolation erreicht wird.Above the light-emitting diodes 18 there is a heat-conducting layer 24, which can be made of aluminum, for example. The control connection S1 for the light-emitting diodes 18 is led out of the housing 25 at the top. The housing 25 is made of plastic and is closed at the bottom with an aluminum cover 26. The inside of the housing 25 is filled with a potting compound 27, whereby an optimal insulation is achieved.
In Figur 5 ist eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Verteilung der Zündspannung angegeben, wobei hier die Kaskadenschaltungen 1 bis 4 jeweils durch ein Transistorelement vereinfacht dargestellt sind.FIG. 5 shows a circuit arrangement for distributing the ignition voltage, the cascade circuits 1 to 4 each being shown in simplified form here by a transistor element.
Eine Batteriespannung UB liegt an der Primärwicklung eines Transformators TR, wobei ein Schalttransistor ST zwischengeschaltet ist, der Schalttransistor ST wird von einer Steuerung S über seinen Basisanschluß zur Erzeugung einer sekundärseitigen Hochspannung am Transformator TR kontinuierlich betätigt. Die Sekundärwicklung des Transformators TR liegt einerseits an Masse und ist andererseits über eine Diode D und eine Induktivität I mit der Kaskadenschaltung 28 verbunden. Zwischen der Diode D und der Induktivität I ist der eine Anschluß eines Hochspannungs-Kondensators C angeschlossen, dessen anderer Anschluß an Masse liegt. Dieser Hochspannungs-Kondensator C wird vom Transformator TR über die Diode D aufgeladen.A battery voltage UB is applied to the primary winding of a transformer TR, a switching transistor ST being interposed, the switching transistor ST is actuated continuously by a controller S via its base connection to generate a secondary-side high voltage on the transformer TR. The secondary winding of the transformer TR is grounded on the one hand and is connected to the cascade circuit 28 via a diode D and an inductance I on the other hand. Between the diode D and the inductance I, one connection of a high-voltage capacitor C is connected, the other connection of which is connected to ground. This high-voltage capacitor C is charged by the transformer TR via the diode D.
Die Steuerung S ermittelt den jeweils optimalen Zündzeit
punkt für die verschiedenen Zylinder bzw. verschiedenen Zündkerzen ZK1 bis ZK4 in Abhängigkeit von der Motordrehzahl n und weiteren den jeweiligen Betriebszustand des Motors kennzelohnenden Parametern. Soll aufgrund dieser Zündzeitpunkt-Berechung beispielsweise die Zündkerze ZK1 zünden, so veranlaßt die Steuerung S, daß an ihrer Steuerleitung SL1 ein die lichtemittierende Diode 6 aktivierendes Steuersignal abgegeben wird. Die lichtemittierende Diode 6 schaltet dadurch die Kaskadenschaltung 1 durch, so daß die Zündspannung zur Zündkerze ZK1 gelangt. In entsprechender Weise werden die übrigen Zündkerzen ZK2 bis ZK4 zu den berechneten Zündzeitpunkten mit der Zündspannung beaufschlagt.The control S determines the optimum ignition time in each case point for the different cylinders or different spark plugs ZK1 to ZK4 depending on the engine speed n and other parameters that characterize the respective operating state of the engine. If, for example, the spark plug ZK1 is to ignite on the basis of this ignition timing calculation, the control S causes a control signal which activates the light-emitting diode 6 to be emitted on its control line SL1. The light-emitting diode 6 thereby turns on the cascade circuit 1, so that the ignition voltage reaches the spark plug ZK1. In a corresponding manner, the remaining spark plugs ZK2 to ZK4 are acted upon by the ignition voltage at the calculated ignition times.
In Figur 6 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer aus mehreren Kaskadenschaltungen bestehenden Schaltungsanordnung dargestellt, wobei hier die optoelektrischen Halbleiterelemente als Photo-Thyristoren TH ausgebildet und direkt oder über Lichtleitfasern 16 mit. einer oder mehreren lichtemittierenden Dioden 6 optisch gekoppelt sind. Alle dargestellte Schaltungsanordnungen sind für eine beliebige Anzahl n von Zündkerzen ZK1 bis ZKn vorgesehen.FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a circuit arrangement consisting of several cascade circuits, in which case the optoelectric semiconductor elements are designed as photo thyristors TH and directly or via optical fibers 16. one or more light-emitting diodes 6 are optically coupled. All of the circuit arrangements shown are provided for any number n of spark plugs ZK1 to ZKn.
Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der in mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebenen Hochspannungschalter, die optoelektrisch mit einem Steuereingang gekoppelt sind, sind nicht auf die Anwendung in Zündsystemen von Verbrennungsmotoren beschränkt, überall dort, wo eine galvanische Trennung zwischen dem Steuerkreis und dem Hochspannungskreis gewünscht oder erforderlich ist, kann die Anwendung eines optoelektrisch gekoppelten Hochspannungsschalters vorteilhaft sein.
The possible uses of the high-voltage switches described in several exemplary embodiments, which are optoelectrically coupled to a control input, are not restricted to use in ignition systems of internal combustion engines, wherever electrical isolation between the control circuit and the high-voltage circuit is desired or required, the use of a Optoelectrically coupled high-voltage switch may be advantageous.
Claims
1. Hochspannungsschalter, insbesondere als Zündspannungsverteiler zum Anlegen der Zündspannung an Zündkerzen eines Verbrennungsmotors, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Hochspannung an einer Anschlußklemme einer Kaskadenschaltung (1 bis 4) aus mehreren optoelektronischen Halbleiterelementen anliegt; daß jeder Kaskadenschaltung (1 bis 4) wenigstens ein lichtemittierndes Element (6) zugeordnet ist; und daß bei Bestrahlung der lichtempfindlichen Zonen der Halbleiterelemente mit Licht die zugehörige Kaskadenschaltung (1 bis 4) die Hochspannung an deren anderen Anschlußklemme durchschaltet.1. High-voltage switch, in particular as an ignition voltage distributor for applying the ignition voltage to spark plugs of an internal combustion engine, characterized in that a high voltage is applied to a connecting terminal of a cascade circuit (1 to 4) made of several optoelectronic semiconductor elements; that each cascade circuit (1 to 4) is assigned at least one light-emitting element (6); and that when the light-sensitive zones of the semiconductor elements are irradiated with light, the associated cascade circuit (1 to 4) switches through the high voltage at its other connection terminal.
2. Hochspannungsschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Halbleiterelemente als Hochspannungs-Phototransistoren (5) und/oder -Photothyristoren (TH) ausgebildet sind.2. High-voltage switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the semiconductor elements are designed as high-voltage phototransistors (5) and / or photothyristors (TH).
3. Hochspannungsschaltung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kaskadenschaltungen (1 bis 4) von mehreren Transistor-Darlington-Stufen gebildet sind.3. High-voltage circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the cascade circuits (1 to 4) are formed by several transistor Darlington stages.
4. Hochspannungsschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Licht zur Betätigung der Kaskadenschaltungen (1 bis 4) über Lichtleitfasern (16) an die lichtempfindlichen Halbleiterzonen geführt ist. 4. High-voltage switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light for actuating the cascade circuits (1 to 4) is guided via optical fibers (16) to the light-sensitive semiconductor zones.
5. Hochspannungsschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedem Halbleiterelement ein mit Niederspannung betätigbares lichtemittierendes Element (18) zugeordnet ist.5. High-voltage switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each semiconductor element is assigned a light-emitting element (18) which can be actuated with low voltage.
6. Hochspannungsschalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kaskadenschaltungen der optoelektrischen Halcleiterelemente (17) und die zugeordneten lichtemittierenden Elemente (18) als Hybridschaltung aufgebaut sind, bei der zwischen dem optoelektrischen Halbleiterelementen (17) und den benachbarten lichtemittierenden Elementen (18) ein lichtdurchlässiger Isolator (19) angeordnet ist.6. High-voltage switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the cascade circuits of the optoelectric semiconductor elements (17) and the associated light-emitting elements (18) are constructed as a hybrid circuit in which between the optoelectric semiconductor elements (17) and the adjacent light-emitting elements (18) translucent insulator (19) is arranged.
7. Hochspannungsschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lichtemittierenden Elemente (6, 18) mit Niederspannung arbeiten.7. High-voltage switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light-emitting elements (6, 18) work with low voltage.
8. Hochspannungsschalter mach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Zündkerze (ZK1 bis ZK4) eines Verbrennunsmotors eine Kaskadenschaltung (1 bis 4) mit zugehörigen lichtemittierenden Elementen (6, 18) zugeordnet ist. 8. High-voltage switch mach one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each spark plug (ZK1 to ZK4) of an internal combustion engine is associated with a cascade circuit (1 to 4) with associated light-emitting elements (6, 18).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3638196 | 1986-11-08 | ||
| DEP3638196.9 | 1986-11-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1988003608A1 true WO1988003608A1 (en) | 1988-05-19 |
Family
ID=6313530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1987/000396 WO1988003608A1 (en) | 1986-11-08 | 1987-09-02 | High-voltage switch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1988003608A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989002527A1 (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-voltage switch |
| GB2245648A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-08 | Champion Spark Plug Europ | I.c.engine ignition system |
| EP0651490A1 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-03 | Plessey Semiconductors Limited | Overvoltage protection circuit |
| WO2009149744A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | Abb Technology Ag | A protecting apparatus |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2163240A1 (en) * | 1971-12-20 | 1973-06-28 | Huf Franz Josef | IGNITION VOLTAGE CAPACITOR IGNITION PROCEDURE AND SYSTEMS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| US4274135A (en) * | 1979-01-26 | 1981-06-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Gating circuit for high voltage thyristor strings |
| US4411247A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1983-10-25 | Sanke Electric Co., Ltd. | Distributorless ignition system for multicylinder internal-combustion engines |
| JPS59108873A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-23 | Nec Corp | Ignition device |
-
1987
- 1987-09-02 WO PCT/DE1987/000396 patent/WO1988003608A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2163240A1 (en) * | 1971-12-20 | 1973-06-28 | Huf Franz Josef | IGNITION VOLTAGE CAPACITOR IGNITION PROCEDURE AND SYSTEMS FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| US4274135A (en) * | 1979-01-26 | 1981-06-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Gating circuit for high voltage thyristor strings |
| US4411247A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1983-10-25 | Sanke Electric Co., Ltd. | Distributorless ignition system for multicylinder internal-combustion engines |
| JPS59108873A (en) * | 1982-12-13 | 1984-06-23 | Nec Corp | Ignition device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 8, Nr. 227 (M-332) (1664), 18. Oktober 1984, & JP, A, 59108873 (Nippon Denki K.K.) 23. Juni 1984 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989002527A1 (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-voltage switch |
| US5002034A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1991-03-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | High-voltage switch |
| GB2245648A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-08 | Champion Spark Plug Europ | I.c.engine ignition system |
| EP0651490A1 (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1995-05-03 | Plessey Semiconductors Limited | Overvoltage protection circuit |
| US5568345A (en) * | 1993-11-03 | 1996-10-22 | Plessey Semiconductors Limited | Overvoltage protection circuit |
| WO2009149744A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | Abb Technology Ag | A protecting apparatus |
| US8467163B2 (en) | 2008-06-09 | 2013-06-18 | Abb Technology Ag | Protecting apparatus |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0377619B1 (en) | High-voltage switch and method to control user circuits by means of this switch | |
| DE3731412A1 (en) | High-voltage switch | |
| DE2340865C3 (en) | Ignition device for an internal combustion engine | |
| DE3805594C2 (en) | ||
| DE3108635A1 (en) | DISTRIBUTOR-FREE IGNITION SYSTEM WITH OVERVOLTAGE ABSORBER AND DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH IT | |
| DE3722666A1 (en) | HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH | |
| DE3935379A1 (en) | HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHING WITH HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH MADE OF OPTOELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENTS | |
| DE3731393A1 (en) | HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH | |
| WO1988003608A1 (en) | High-voltage switch | |
| DE4417164C1 (en) | High voltage tripping diode used as stationary spark voltage distributor | |
| WO1992007188A1 (en) | High-voltage switch | |
| DE4318657C2 (en) | Distributor cap for an ignition device for an internal combustion engine | |
| EP0157937B1 (en) | Electronic switch | |
| DE19533637A1 (en) | Ignition stage | |
| DE3345449C2 (en) | ||
| EP0627554B1 (en) | Distributorless ignition system using light-controlled high voltage switches | |
| WO1990015242A1 (en) | Semiconductor switch, especially a high-tension ignition switch for an internal combustion engine | |
| DE4021526A1 (en) | ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTOR SYSTEM | |
| EP0805920B1 (en) | Ignition system for internal combustion engines | |
| DE3333111A1 (en) | Ignition device | |
| DE4333097A1 (en) | High voltage switch for ignition systems of internal combustion engines | |
| DE3512558C2 (en) | Distributor for an internal combustion engine | |
| DE3014193A1 (en) | Potentiometer or rheostat for vehicle dashboard illumination control - has frequency generator and differential stage for digital control of load | |
| DE3382680T2 (en) | IGNITION SYSTEM OF A 4-STROKE OTTO ENGINE. | |
| EP4128305A1 (en) | Bypass switch comprising a detonating device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): JP US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |