WO1987006777A1 - Systeme de protection pour appareils a commande electrique - Google Patents

Systeme de protection pour appareils a commande electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987006777A1
WO1987006777A1 PCT/EP1987/000226 EP8700226W WO8706777A1 WO 1987006777 A1 WO1987006777 A1 WO 1987006777A1 EP 8700226 W EP8700226 W EP 8700226W WO 8706777 A1 WO8706777 A1 WO 8706777A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching element
protection device
switch
switching
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1987/000226
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harry Gaus
Original Assignee
Schliebs Guenter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schliebs Guenter filed Critical Schliebs Guenter
Publication of WO1987006777A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987006777A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device with a circuit breaker that can be triggered by a switching current for the primary circuit of electrically operated devices with low power consumption, such as those used in households and workshops.
  • Devices of this type are, for example, portable hair dryers, portable heaters, radiation lamps, shavers and the like.
  • switching current is understood to mean the current supplied once by any control circuit in the event of danger in order to trip the circuit breaker. The tripped switch cannot be reused.
  • Such a switch serves to protect the user against electric shock.
  • a particular danger in use occurs when such a device has a ground connection or comes into contact with water. For example, a fatal accident can occur in the bathroom if a hair dryer falls into the water, even when it is not in use.
  • a circuit breaker with ohmic tripping is used: the switching current burns through a fusible wire which holds a two-pole set of contact springs in the closed position, so that the restoring forces of the contact springs cause the contacts to spring open.
  • Such a self-opening mechanical circuit breaker responds with little inertia, but problems arise with regard to arc quenching and accidental tripping due to impact when miniaturizing the switch, which is necessary in order to be able to accommodate the protective device together with the circuit breaker in the device housing.
  • the invention is based on the object of finding a switch construction that does not require moving contact parts, is resistant to aging and is insensitive to shock and, together with the ignition circuit, also enables miniaturization in a compact component.
  • a switching element which is designed for an operating current that is significantly smaller than the triggering switching current of the control circuit, its dielectric strength is far exceeded, with the result that its housing ruptures.
  • the or the physically applied to the housing for example as conductor tracks, or routed directly along the line sections.
  • small-capacity electrolytic capacitors, ohmic ground and layer resistors with small resistance values and also small diodes are equally suitable as triggering switching elements, all of which are parts such as are used in relevant printed circuits.
  • the parameters of the switching element can be adjusted accordingly together with those of the triggering control circuit, e.g. the mentioned ignition circuit with semiconductor switch. In this case, their destruction can also be accepted, since the entire protective device, when it has served its purpose, has to be replaced as a complete component.
  • control circuit the production of which, e.g. as a printed circuit board, does not cause any problems, is part of the circuit breaker.
  • a component is absolutely shockproof. There are no complex and expensive production means, as they would be required for an automatic mass production of a movable mechanical special switch required.
  • flight 3 an embodiment with a pill-shaped resistor or a diode as switching element and
  • Fig. 4 shows a section through the embodiment according to Fig. 3 along the conductor 4,
  • FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a control circuit for a capacitive isolating switch according to FIG. 1,
  • FIGS. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a control circuit for switching elements according to FIGS. 2 to 6.
  • 1 shows, in a perspective view and on an enlarged scale, a printed circuit board 30 (without details) as the base plate of the circuit breaker.
  • Two electrolytic capacitors 23.1 and 23.2 which are shielded from one another by a plastic plate 31, are inserted next to one another in a cutout on the front edge.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 designate the power line sections to be separated (cf. FIGS. 7 and 8), which can be designed using known techniques, for example as thin strips of copper or aluminum foil. (For the sake of clarity, they are shown transparently.)
  • the electrical values of the electrolytic capacitors can vary widely, e.g. between 1 and 10 ⁇ F and 10 to 100 volts. Since their operating voltage is designed to be significantly lower than the output voltage of the control circuit of the respective device, the dielectric strength of the electrolyte is far exceeded, with the result that their housing ruptures. As a result, the two line sections 3a, 4a applied to the housings or routed directly along them are separated. Another advantage is that the bursting pressure released from the housing blows out any arc that may form.
  • the isolating switch can also be designed with only one electrolytic capacitor (23 in Fig. 7).
  • the individual flat conductors can also be attached to the housing of the electrolytic capacitor and led around to the base, where they can be connected to two further connection pins (next to those of the two capacitor layers).
  • Such an electrolytic capacitor then has four pins in the base in the single-parent version and six pins in the two-wire version.
  • Fig. 2 In the embodiment of Fig. 2 is above and below the printed circuit board 30 each have an ohmic resistor 32, of which only the upper resistor 32a is visible.
  • One of the sections 3a, 4a is wound helically around the cylindrical resistor body.
  • the angle of wrap must be at least 270°, since the point at which the jacket is ruptured is not known - unless a predetermined breaking point is provided in a special production.
  • the electrical values of the resistors were within wide limits of between 1 and 15 ohms and 0.1 to 0.5 watts.
  • the isolating switch can also be designed with just one resistor - then a 1n special version.
  • the circuit board 30 expediently also carries the switching elements of a control circuit and the connections of a mains cable and is encapsulated in a switch housing with a small free space in front of the resistors.
  • the dimensions lie within the limits of 20 x 20 x 10 mm.
  • the base plate 40 of the switch is provided with two holes 41.
  • One of the lines 3, 4 to be separated is laid on the top and bottom and over the holes 41;
  • the line sections 3a and 4a (not visible) that may have a narrowed cross section to form a predetermined breaking point are formed.
  • a small resistor 42 is inserted in each of the holes.
  • Small "blast chambers" are formed so that - especially if the plate 40 is still covered on the outside at least in the area of sections 3a, 4a (sandwich) - even low pressures are sufficient to Destruction of the resistors 42 tear the sections 3a, 4a.
  • FIG. 3 offers, with the smallest dimensions, sufficient insulation distances between the mains lines 3, 4 and protection against arcing. However, both lines can also be arranged on the same side of the plate.
  • Fig. 3, 4 are only intended to indicate the smallness of the switching elements (resistance or diodes), not to reproduce their shape. For example, pellet-shaped resistors for 1/16 watt power (dimensions approx. 1.5 x 2.5 mm) or diodes for 1.6 to 2 volt operating voltage (dimensions approx. 2 x 4 mm) are suitable. -
  • the diodes are comparable to electrolytic capacitors in their mode of operation.
  • the triggering can be done by means of direct current or alternating current.
  • the control circuit that generates this switching current in the event of a fault must be designed according to the respective application.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show two circuit examples.
  • the thyristor 17 is wired with capacitors and a resistor to prevent misfiring and backfiring.
  • the short line sections that are mechanically connected to the housing of the electrolytic capacitor 23 are designated 3a, 4a. This active connection is indicated by the dashed line 25 .
  • the double line of a moisture probe 24 is connected to the terminals 7, 8 and is installed in the device, e.g. a hair dryer. is misplaced.
  • the terminals are connected via high-resistance protective resistors 21, 22 to the diagonal in which the thyristor 17 is located.
  • the thyristor 17 fires and switches the electrolytic capacitor
  • the short line sections are again denoted by 3a, 4a, which here are in mechanical operative connection with the housings of two resistors 32a, 32b (cf. FIG. 2). This connection is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the resistors are connected in parallel and in series with a triac 37 and a current-limiting resistor 38 between the two mains lines 3,4.
  • a moisture probe 24, which is laid in the device housing, is connected to the ignition electrode of the triac. (Details are described in the mentioned DE-A 32 +8147, Fig. 1.)
  • a fast-acting (glass) fuse can be provided in series with the limiting resistors 18 or 38, as are customary in electrical appliances.
  • a metallic resistance element 44 such as a short, thin resistance wire, is embedded in an aggressive powder, such as a nitrocellulose-based powder, which is pressed into a small tablet 43 ( Figure 5). Like the resistor 42 in Figs. 3, 4, this tablet is inserted into the hole 41 in the plate 40, which is then laminated with a cover 45 over it.
  • the power lines 3, 4 are routed through a plurality of holes 41 so that a corresponding number of sections 3a, 4a are formed, and a detonating cord 46 (FIG. 6) - e.g Fiber strand - laid, which is ignited by a glow igniter, a short, thin resistance wire 44, at one or both ends when the switch is triggered.
  • a detonating cord 46 FIG. 6
  • the safety of tripping can be increased and the risk of arcing reduced by increasing the number of separation points.
  • the invention can be used not only in the "wet room devices" discussed above, but in all cases where the user is endangered by faults in the device or its mains cable and can be protected by means of a protective device built into the device or its mains plug.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Pour protéger les utilisateurs d'appareils à commande électrique, des interrupteurs-séparateurs déclenchés par un courant de commutation, pourvus de groupes de contact, et qui isolent le circuit de courant primaire du dispositif en cas de danger, sont connus. Un interrupteur-séparateur sans contact pour de faibles puissances, qui est protégé contre les chocs, résiste au vieillissement et est facile à fabriquer, met en oeuvre des sections sélectionnées (3a, 4a) des conducteurs (3, 4) (de circuits) dans l'interrupteur en coopération avec au moins un élément de commutation électrique (23, 32, 42) dont la rigidité diélectrique, lorsqu'il est soumis au courant de commutation, est largement dépassée de sorte que ledit élément est détruit et sépare immédiatement mécaniquement les sections de conducteurs (3a, 4a). L'élément de commutation déclencheur peut se présenter sous la forme d'un condensateur électrolytique, d'une diode ou d'une résistance agglomérée ou à couches, tels que ceux utilisés dans les circuits électroniques. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, une substance détonante à allumage peut être rajoutée à un élément de résistance déclencheur. Le courant de commutation est fourni par un circuit de commande électronique avec un commutateur à semiconducteur (17, 37).
PCT/EP1987/000226 1986-04-24 1987-04-24 Systeme de protection pour appareils a commande electrique WO1987006777A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEG8611225.2U 1986-04-24
DE8611225 1986-04-24
DEG8633320.8U 1986-12-12
DE8633320 1986-12-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987006777A1 true WO1987006777A1 (fr) 1987-11-05

Family

ID=25950840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1987/000226 WO1987006777A1 (fr) 1986-04-24 1987-04-24 Systeme de protection pour appareils a commande electrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0267211A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987006777A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019030415A1 (fr) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-14 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Dispositif de coupure pyrotechnique, système de recharge électrique d'une cellule d'énergie électrique, appareil mobile et chargeur

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3500279A (en) * 1968-07-26 1970-03-10 Us Navy Exploding bridgewire operated switch
US3728583A (en) * 1972-07-10 1973-04-17 Garrett Corp Electrical fuse system
US3875431A (en) * 1970-10-16 1975-04-01 Us Navy Destructible microelectronic circuit element
EP0088390A1 (fr) * 1982-03-06 1983-09-14 Gaus, Harry Dispositif de protection pour des appareils électriques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3500279A (en) * 1968-07-26 1970-03-10 Us Navy Exploding bridgewire operated switch
US3875431A (en) * 1970-10-16 1975-04-01 Us Navy Destructible microelectronic circuit element
US3728583A (en) * 1972-07-10 1973-04-17 Garrett Corp Electrical fuse system
EP0088390A1 (fr) * 1982-03-06 1983-09-14 Gaus, Harry Dispositif de protection pour des appareils électriques

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019030415A1 (fr) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-14 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Dispositif de coupure pyrotechnique, système de recharge électrique d'une cellule d'énergie électrique, appareil mobile et chargeur
CN111480214A (zh) * 2017-08-11 2020-07-31 卢阿格现代***科技有限责任公司 烟火式断路装置、用于将电能电池充电的***、移动设备和充电设备
US11721504B2 (en) 2017-08-11 2023-08-08 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Pyrotechnical disconnection unit, system for electrically charging an electric energy cell, mobile device and charging device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0267211A1 (fr) 1988-05-18

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