WO1986002038A1 - Solar control window film - Google Patents
Solar control window film Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1986002038A1 WO1986002038A1 PCT/US1985/001844 US8501844W WO8602038A1 WO 1986002038 A1 WO1986002038 A1 WO 1986002038A1 US 8501844 W US8501844 W US 8501844W WO 8602038 A1 WO8602038 A1 WO 8602038A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stratum
- metal
- composite
- dye
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012939 laminating adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006120 scratch resistant coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000489 vacuum metal deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/22—Nickel or cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/30—Iron, e.g. steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
Definitions
- This invention relates to window film, more particularly to solar control film used for retrofit improvement of motor vehicle windows.
- Window film for motor vehicle windows which film was dyed in a vignette pattern to admit relatively little light above the sight line and was shaded down to clear film below the driver or passenger's sight line, was first introduced for use in original equipment laminated windshield glass and was the subject of U.S. Patents issued to Ryan, No. 2,609,269; 2,636,420 and 2,639,687.
- the film was dipped in an appropriate dye for a control ⁇ led time to produce a gradient from dark to light, which will be referred to hereinafter as a vignette, and the film was sandwiched between panes of glass to make a safety windshield.
- Wildorf for example, in U.S. patents 3,775,226 and 3,891,486 has a well rounded discussion of the prior art retrofit window film, and describes a typical prior solar control film comprising a polymeric sheet, a vapor deposited aluminum coat, a protective polymeric coat, and a pressure sensitive coat, which is deactivated initially by the presence of an agent that eliminates tack during storage, as well as during the time the film is being applied to the window, etc.
- Wildorf shows a laminated sequence of a moisture permeable polymeric stratum, a bonding stratum, a vapor deposited aluminum stratum, and a second moisture permeable polymeric stratum. All of these strata except the aluminum stratum are optically clear and transparent.
- the polymeric strata are made of a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate.
- the vapor deposited aluminum stratum referred to is produced by controlled density, vapor vacuum deposition upon the surface of polymeric stratum, which produces a uniform thickness of metal.
- the polymeric strata range in thickness from 1/4 mil to 1 mil, preferably one-half mil.
- the vapor deposited aluminum has a thickness of no more than 300 angstrom units and is characterized by a light transmission of 5% to 60%. It goes on to explain a preferred adhesive in thickness from 0.1 to 0.3 mil.
- Wildorf discloses, as a preferred transparent polymeric film - a polyester - for this laminate, a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate.
- Other polymers which can be made into suitable film include polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbon ⁇ ates, polystyrene, poly ethyl, ethacrylate, polyamides, ionomers, etc. as well as esters and mixed esters of cellulose, and stabilizers against degradation caused by ultraviolote light may be included if desired.
- Film may also be made of a polymer of monomers consisting of essentially lower alkylene monomers; acrylonitrile, and polyethylene, polypropeylene and polyacrilonitrile.
- Wildorf '486 also suggests that a colorant, preferably a dye, may be put in the adhesive stratum.
- Wildorf-s adhesive stratum is cast from a ketonic and/or alcoholic solution of the thermosetting polymer or acrylic.
- the solution preferably being applied to the clear film prior to superposing of the two polymeric films in the formation of the final product.
- a polyester is Mylar
- the acrylic is a methyl and/or ethyl methacrylate
- the ketone is methylethyl
- the alcohol is toluol.
- Wildorf, U.S. patent No. 3,956,559 says his film has a pleasant soft grey color that permits excellent visibility (This is the natural color of aluminum on film, if looking through the film. Looking at the film, the impression is mirror-like) .
- the polyester strata may be polyethylene terephthalate layers impregnated with fade resistant azo dyes.
- the conventional prior art method of depositing metal on polymeric film is vacuum deposition because it is faster, is dependable, and is inexpensive.
- a special kind of vacuum deposition of metal involves the sputtering method, which is substantially more expensive.
- vacuum deposition other than sputtering will be referred to as conventional vacuum deposition.
- VESC is a voluntary association of state safety agencies and industry whose membership is dedicated to highway safety. Its members include all U.S. states and its standards usually become law in many states. Composite films cannot be made to conform to the reflectivity constraints with less than 45% transmission using conventional vacuum deposition techniques, although some success with sputtering exotic metals has been achieved. However, sputtering is a much more expensive method.
- High metal density implies less than about 45% light transmission and implies unacceptable glare.
- Low metal density implies a light transmission greater than about 45%.
- Conventional vacuum deposition of metal includes resistive and inductive vacuum metallizing and excludes sputtering.
- Unacceptable reflectance means greater than about 35%.
- PET means polyethylene terephthalate.
- Dye includes dyes generally, pigments and transparent metal oxides unless otherwise required by the context.
- Vignette means as layer of substance tapering from thick to thin or nonexistent which results in a visual effect from dark to light.
- This invention draws on the surprising discovery that by applying a metal layer, by conventional vacuum deposition, using a metal that, deposited at a density great enough to reduce the transmission of visible light to less than about 45%, reflects no more than about 35% of the visible light, to a first stratum of polymeric film, which stratum is in turn bonded to a second dye- treated polymeric stratum having a light transmission value greater than 35%, a composite film having a light transmission value in the area above the driver's sight line of less than 35% and reflectivity less than about 35% is obtained.
- the area of greatest density is at the top of the window and tapers off in a vignette to low density below the sight line.
- metal may now be positioned outwardly of the most useful area of the dye where it serves to protect the sensitive dye in the plastic film from fading.
- the invention contemplates the provision of a first polymeric film stratum including a high density layer of metal but low reflectance and a second polymeric stratum having a coat of dye on a first surface, or impregnated in the film, and means for laminating the film strata.
- the dye may be applied by any conventional means known to the art, such as coating, dipping, spraying and printing, but coating is presently preferred.
- the metal layer is applied by conventional vacuum metal deposition.
- the invention is a first sheet of oriented polyethylene terephthalate which carries a vignette layer of metal having an area of high density applied by conventional vacuum deposition laminated adhesively to a second sheet of dye impregnated polymer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate.
- a first sheet of PET to which a layer of an alloy of nickel: chromium, for example, 85:15, is applied by means of conventional vacuum deposition, is laminated to a film of PET coated with dye.
- the polyester may be coated with a laminating adhesive impregnated with a dye, or pigment, or a combination of the two. Any suitable dye or pigment may be used in the adhesive. Examples of dyes are known to the prior art and available. Preferred is a polyester adhesive impregneted with a very finely ground carbon black which appears grey in use.
- the laminate may be finished by applying a hard coat, i.e., a scratch resistant coat of any of the types already known to the art.
- the laminate is prepared for mounting on a vehicle window by any well-known adhesive mounting means.
- All of the above film embodiments are within the value limits above specified and are adhered to the inside surface of a motor vehicle window and positioned with the metal layer exterior (relative the motor vehicle interior) to the dye to make a motor vehicle solar control window structure.
- Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a composite made according to the teachings of this invention.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the laminate of Fig. 1 applied to a motor vehicle window to make a solar control structure;
- Fig. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the structure of Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a presently preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the numeral 10 refers generally to the laminate which includes scratch resistant coating 11 applied to a dye impregnated film 12 made of oriented polyethylene terephthalate.
- Film 12 is a substrate prepared by dipping the film in any one of a number of dye stuffs known to the industry to be suitable for this purpose, according to the color desired.
- a dyed film may be obtained from Martin Processing, Incorporated, Martinsville, VA. as a UV stabilizing 70% light transmission grey.
- the Martin film is a dipped film which is impregnated throughout.
- a 0.1 mil layer of Morton 76R36 laminating adhesive layer 14 joins the dyed polyester film substrate 12 to 48 gauge polyethylene terephthalate stratum 18 to which has been applied, by conventional vacuum deposition, a vignette layer 16 of nickel-chromium alloy tapering away from an initial thickness of approximately 140 angstroms which may vary + 20 angstroms.
- a vignette layer 16 of nickel-chromium alloy tapering away from an initial thickness of approximately 140 angstroms which may vary + 20 angstroms.
- the presently preferred polymeric film for metallizing may be obtained from Imperial Chemical Company under the trademark ICI-442, and from American Hoechst under the trademark Hostaphan 5000.
- the methods of dyeing and metallizing polymeric film, the dyes and metals suitable therefor, the adhesives and other means for joining film to film and mounting film on window glass are all well-known to the art and no claim to such elements per se are made in this invention, other than in combination with other elements here disclosed and claimed, whereby the invention is considered as a whole.
- the laminating adhesives presently preferred for joining layers 12 and 18 are. polyester resins made by DuPont under the trademark Eplam and by Morton Chemical Co., whose stock identification number of 76R-36.-
- Fil 18 is protected by release liner 22 until the laminate 10 is ready for mounting on motor vehicle window glass 24. At that time the release liner 22 is peeled away and the laminate 10 is mounted on glass 24 by means of a 0.25 mil thickness layer of adhesive 20.
- Any of a family of acrylic or polyester resins may be used as mounting adhesive. The presently preferred resin is National 80-1057. Another useful adhesive is Monsanto's RA-1159.
- Fig. 2 it may be seen that in that figure the release liner 22 has been removed and the laminate 10 has been adhered to window glass 24 by means of adhesive layer 20.
- any oil soluble dye known to the art to be suitable and compatible with the adhesive used may be incorporated in the laminating adhesive 14.
- Fig. 3 it may be seen that instead of impregnating the layer of polymer film 12 with dye, the dye has been dispersed in laminating adhesive 14a.
- the dye-impregnated adhesive layer 14(a) is coated on polymeric layer 12 by gravure cylinder of Mayer rod.
- the preferred embodiment of metal layer for all composite films is shown in Fig. 3.
- the metal layer 16a tapers from a high density area 16b toward a lower density area to create the vignette effect.
- the dye-treated stratum 12 a roll of 92 to 48 gauge dye-impregnated PET 70% light transmission film is obtained from Martin Processing, Incorporated, Martinsville, VA. and is hard coated, with an approximately 4 micron thick coating or layer 11 of a scratch and abrasion resistant plastic material such as cured organopolysiloxane compound.
- a second roll of untreated 48 gauge PET is obtained from Imperior Chemical Company. This film is identified by the manufacturer as ICI 442. The latter 48 gauge roll is then prepared on one surface with a vignette of nickel-chromium applied by conventional vacuum deposition known to the art, i.e., inductive and resistive metallizing by usual methods.
- the polyester film is metallized in bands of dark tapering to light which are later cut to achieve the desired vignette. For example, a dark band is vignetted to either side, with the darkest portion in the center being about 35% light transmission over an area of 5 inches, tapering down on either side to 100% transmission. The total band width is approximately 10 inches.
- the metallized film is then laminated to the dye-impregnated polyethylene terephthalate film which has a uniform 70% light transmission.
- the thickness of the pigmented adhesive may be varied while keeping the concentration of pigment constant, using a variable etched gravure cylinder to apply different -coating weights of the same concentration to achieve varying light transmission densities.
- the values of the colored adhesive would be 50% light transmission at the darkest band tapering to 70% at a band width of about 10 inches.
- the laminating adhesive may contain the color in an alternative embodiment.
- the mounting adhesive with a release liner is then applied.
- the finished composite may be cut down the center to yield two rolls of a predetermined desired gradient of light transmission from top to bottom (from middle to side at the time of cut) .
- a composite sheet of polymer 40 inches wide is metallized in a band wherein the average light transmission is the middle 5 inches is about 22% permissibly ranging from 10 to 30% and in the two one-half inches on either side about 20 to 70% with a gradient from middle to outside; and beyond that about 70%.
- the roll is trimmed and cut from auto windows such that the film can be positioned to have the dark portion cover the part of the window above the sight line.
- the film area below the driver's sight line will have a 70% value of light transmission. Any excess width from the roll is discarded.
- a 48# ga ICI442 Polyester film was metallized with 85:15 nickel:chromium alloy in a dark band which was vignetted to either side, with the darkest portion in the center being 35% light transmission over an area of 5 inches tapering down on either side to 100% transmission. The total width was approximately 10".
- a 4 micron thick hardcoat was applied by gravure coating to a uniform dye-impregnated 48 ga. polyethylene terephthalate film which has a 70% light transmission obtained from Martin Processing, Inc.
- the total composite was then slit in half thereby separating the web at the center of the band.
- the edges were trimmed at the same time to produce a 20" finished product with the vignette on one edge.
- Stainless steel may be used as the metal layer. It is also predicted that an aluminum oxide, suitably treated and applied in two depositions, would work.
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A flexible, composite solar control sheet (10a) for use on a motor vehicle window has a vignette pattern in the film area above the driver's sightline that, in its darkest area, transmits les than 45% (preferably 10:30%) of visible light, and reflects less than 35% of the visible light; the composite having a first polymeric stratum of oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (18) to a surface of which is applied, by conventional vacuum deposition, a vignette layer of a suitable metal, e.g., 85:15, nickelchromium alloy, or stainless steel (16a) that in the area above the driver's sightline, transmits less than 45% visible light, and reflects less than 35% visible light; the first stratum being bonded to a second stratum of dye-treated PET (12) which transmits about 35% to 70% visible light, the composite being protected on the exposed surface of the second stratum by a hard coat (11) and containing a UV absorber.
Description
SOLAR CONTROL WINDOW FILM
Background of the Invention
I. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to window film, more particularly to solar control film used for retrofit improvement of motor vehicle windows.
II. Description of the Prior Art
Window film for motor vehicle windows, which film was dyed in a vignette pattern to admit relatively little light above the sight line and was shaded down to clear film below the driver or passenger's sight line, was first introduced for use in original equipment laminated windshield glass and was the subject of U.S. Patents issued to Ryan, No. 2,609,269; 2,636,420 and 2,639,687. The film was dipped in an appropriate dye for a control¬ led time to produce a gradient from dark to light, which will be referred to hereinafter as a vignette, and the film was sandwiched between panes of glass to make a safety windshield.
More recently, polymeric film useful for retrofit application to existing motor vehicle windows has been introduced to the automotive aftermarket.
Wildorf, for example, in U.S. patents 3,775,226 and 3,891,486 has a well rounded discussion of the prior art retrofit window film, and describes a typical prior solar control film comprising a polymeric sheet, a vapor deposited aluminum coat, a protective polymeric coat, and a pressure sensitive coat, which is deactivated initially by the presence of an agent that eliminates tack during storage, as well as during the time the film is being applied to the window, etc. Wildorf shows a laminated sequence of a moisture permeable polymeric stratum, a bonding stratum, a vapor deposited aluminum stratum, and a second moisture permeable polymeric stratum. All of these strata except the aluminum stratum are optically
clear and transparent. The polymeric strata are made of a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. The vapor deposited aluminum stratum referred to is produced by controlled density, vapor vacuum deposition upon the surface of polymeric stratum, which produces a uniform thickness of metal. The polymeric strata range in thickness from 1/4 mil to 1 mil, preferably one-half mil. The vapor deposited aluminum has a thickness of no more than 300 angstrom units and is characterized by a light transmission of 5% to 60%. It goes on to explain a preferred adhesive in thickness from 0.1 to 0.3 mil.
Wildorf discloses, as a preferred transparent polymeric film - a polyester - for this laminate, a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate. Other polymers which can be made into suitable film include polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbon¬ ates, polystyrene, poly ethyl, ethacrylate, polyamides, ionomers, etc. as well as esters and mixed esters of cellulose, and stabilizers against degradation caused by ultraviolote light may be included if desired. Film may also be made of a polymer of monomers consisting of essentially lower alkylene monomers; acrylonitrile, and polyethylene, polypropeylene and polyacrilonitrile.
Wildorf '486 also suggests that a colorant, preferably a dye, may be put in the adhesive stratum.
Wildorf-s adhesive stratum is cast from a ketonic and/or alcoholic solution of the thermosetting polymer or acrylic. The solution preferably being applied to the clear film prior to superposing of the two polymeric films in the formation of the final product. For example, a polyester is Mylar, the acrylic is a methyl and/or ethyl methacrylate, the ketone is methylethyl and the alcohol is toluol.
Wildorf, U.S. patent No. 3,956,559 says his film has a pleasant soft grey color that permits excellent visibility (This is the natural color of aluminum on film, if looking through the film. Looking at the film,
the impression is mirror-like) . In other alternative embodiments Wildorf says that the polyester strata may be polyethylene terephthalate layers impregnated with fade resistant azo dyes.
Burger, U.S. Patent No. 4,095,013 and Wildorf 3,949,134 show the use of a cling adhesive.
The conventional prior art method of depositing metal on polymeric film is vacuum deposition because it is faster, is dependable, and is inexpensive. A special kind of vacuum deposition of metal involves the sputtering method, which is substantially more expensive. For the purpose of this application vacuum deposition other than sputtering will be referred to as conventional vacuum deposition.
Applicant is not aware of any public use, knowledge, or writing prior to this invention that appreciates and teaches, for use on windows, the benefits of the steps of tinting polymeric film followed by high density vignette metallizing by conventional vacuum deposition of a second polymer foil, and laminating the two polymeric foils with the metal stratum positioned outwardly relative the auto interior and the dye layer, to produce a non-glare, high density, metallized composite.
In the retrofit automotive film industry, the conventional wisdom is that a composite film metallized by conventional vacuum deposition processes cannot be used on a vehicle because presenting the. metallized surface to the outside would produce an unacceptable glare to persons outside the vehicle, and presenting the metallized surface to the inside of the vehicle would create hazardous glare or mirror effect to the occupant. In consideration of the glare factor, it was also thought necessary to put very low limits on the density of the metallic layer on the film. Consequently, the prior art constructions placed the metal to the inside facing the interior and at very low densities. In the prior art thinking and structures the degree of opacity to visible
light transmission required to be effective in conventional vacuum metallizing of polymeric film would make the metal layers so highly reflective as to be unacceptable.
Since 1981, an additional constraint on allowable values of reflectivity have been imposed, and visible light reflectivity of greater than 35% has been banned by VESC 20. VESC is a voluntary association of state safety agencies and industry whose membership is dedicated to highway safety. Its members include all U.S. states and its standards usually become law in many states. Composite films cannot be made to conform to the reflectivity constraints with less than 45% transmission using conventional vacuum deposition techniques, although some success with sputtering exotic metals has been achieved. However, sputtering is a much more expensive method.
In the prior art, a light transmission on the order of 20-30%, for example, implies reflectivity of 70-80%.
Accordingly, it is a ' goal of this invention to create a composite film that has an area of very low light transmission, as low as 10% for example (a high density) , and no greater than 35% reflectivity, by means of conventional vacuum deposition of metal. This invention is concerned with how that goal is met.
Definitions
As used herein:
"High metal density" implies less than about 45% light transmission and implies unacceptable glare.
"Low metal density" implies a light transmission greater than about 45%.
"Conventional vacuum deposition of metal" includes resistive and inductive vacuum metallizing and excludes sputtering.
"Unacceptable reflectance" means greater than about 35%.
"PET" means polyethylene terephthalate.
"Dye" includes dyes generally, pigments and transparent metal oxides unless otherwise required by the context.
"Vignette" means as layer of substance tapering from thick to thin or nonexistent which results in a visual effect from dark to light.
PROCESS
Brief Summary of the Invention
This invention draws on the surprising discovery that by applying a metal layer, by conventional vacuum deposition, using a metal that, deposited at a density great enough to reduce the transmission of visible light to less than about 45%, reflects no more than about 35% of the visible light, to a first stratum of polymeric film, which stratum is in turn bonded to a second dye- treated polymeric stratum having a light transmission value greater than 35%, a composite film having a light transmission value in the area above the driver's sight line of less than 35% and reflectivity less than about 35% is obtained. In a preferred embodiment, the area of greatest density is at the top of the window and tapers off in a vignette to low density below the sight line.
An additional unexpected benefit is that the metal may now be positioned outwardly of the most useful area of the dye where it serves to protect the sensitive dye in the plastic film from fading.
Thus, a significant advance in retrofit application of plastic film to motor vehicle windows can be achieved: a vignette wherein light transmission through the top portion of the window above the passenger's sight line can be greatly reduced using a composite incorporating a layer of metal, applied by conventional vacuum deposition, having a high density that would otherwise create an unacceptable reflectance.
Briefly, in its broadest aspect, the invention contemplates the provision of a first polymeric film stratum including a high density layer of metal but low reflectance and a second polymeric stratum having a coat of dye on a first surface, or impregnated in the film, and means for laminating the film strata. The dye may be applied by any conventional means known to the art, such as coating, dipping, spraying and printing, but coating is presently preferred. The metal layer is applied by conventional vacuum metal deposition.
In a more specific embodiment, the invention is a first sheet of oriented polyethylene terephthalate which carries a vignette layer of metal having an area of high density applied by conventional vacuum deposition laminated adhesively to a second sheet of dye impregnated polymer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate.
In yet another more specific embodiment, a first sheet of PET, to which a layer of an alloy of nickel: chromium, for example, 85:15, is applied by means of conventional vacuum deposition, is laminated to a film of PET coated with dye. Alternatively, the polyester may be coated with a laminating adhesive impregnated with a dye, or pigment, or a combination of the two. Any suitable dye or pigment may be used in the adhesive. Examples of dyes are known to the prior art and available. Preferred is a polyester adhesive impregneted with a very finely ground carbon black which appears grey in use.
The laminate may be finished by applying a hard coat, i.e., a scratch resistant coat of any of the types already known to the art. The laminate is prepared for mounting on a vehicle window by any well-known adhesive mounting means.
All of the above film embodiments are within the value limits above specified and are adhered to the inside surface of a motor vehicle window and positioned with the metal layer exterior (relative the motor vehicle
interior) to the dye to make a motor vehicle solar control window structure.
Detailed Description of the Presently Preferred Embodiment
Turning now to the drawings which may be useful in considering the presently preferred embodiments of this invention:
Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a composite made according to the teachings of this invention;
Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the laminate of Fig. 1 applied to a motor vehicle window to make a solar control structure;
Fig. 3 is an alternative embodiment of the structure of Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a presently preferred embodiment of the invention. The numeral 10 refers generally to the laminate which includes scratch resistant coating 11 applied to a dye impregnated film 12 made of oriented polyethylene terephthalate. Film 12 is a substrate prepared by dipping the film in any one of a number of dye stuffs known to the industry to be suitable for this purpose, according to the color desired. Such a dyed film may be obtained from Martin Processing, Incorporated, Martinsville, VA. as a UV stabilizing 70% light transmission grey. The Martin film is a dipped film which is impregnated throughout.
A 0.1 mil layer of Morton 76R36 laminating adhesive layer 14 joins the dyed polyester film substrate 12 to 48 gauge polyethylene terephthalate stratum 18 to which has been applied, by conventional vacuum deposition, a vignette layer 16 of nickel-chromium alloy tapering away from an initial thickness of approximately 140 angstroms which may vary + 20 angstroms. Surprisingly, the effect of the metallized layer 16 as a barrier to undesired visible light is retained without the unacceptable high
visual light reflectance that would be expected for that density and thickness of metal.
The presently preferred polymeric film for metallizing may be obtained from Imperial Chemical Company under the trademark ICI-442, and from American Hoechst under the trademark Hostaphan 5000. The methods of dyeing and metallizing polymeric film, the dyes and metals suitable therefor, the adhesives and other means for joining film to film and mounting film on window glass are all well-known to the art and no claim to such elements per se are made in this invention, other than in combination with other elements here disclosed and claimed, whereby the invention is considered as a whole.
The laminating adhesives presently preferred for joining layers 12 and 18 are. polyester resins made by DuPont under the trademark Eplam and by Morton Chemical Co., whose stock identification number of 76R-36.-
Fil 18 is protected by release liner 22 until the laminate 10 is ready for mounting on motor vehicle window glass 24. At that time the release liner 22 is peeled away and the laminate 10 is mounted on glass 24 by means of a 0.25 mil thickness layer of adhesive 20. Any of a family of acrylic or polyester resins may be used as mounting adhesive. The presently preferred resin is National 80-1057. Another useful adhesive is Monsanto's RA-1159.
In Fig. 2 it may be seen that in that figure the release liner 22 has been removed and the laminate 10 has been adhered to window glass 24 by means of adhesive layer 20.
In an alternative embodiment, any oil soluble dye known to the art to be suitable and compatible with the adhesive used may be incorporated in the laminating adhesive 14. In this alternative embodiment it is not necessary to dye the film per se inasmuch as that function will be performed by the dyed adhesive. In Fig. 3 it may be seen that instead of impregnating the layer
of polymer film 12 with dye, the dye has been dispersed in laminating adhesive 14a. In the Fig. 3 alternative embodiment the dye-impregnated adhesive layer 14(a) is coated on polymeric layer 12 by gravure cylinder of Mayer rod.
The preferred embodiment of metal layer for all composite films is shown in Fig. 3. The metal layer 16a tapers from a high density area 16b toward a lower density area to create the vignette effect.
In both Figs. 2 and 3 the arrow points to the outside of the motor vehicle. The film is mounted on the inside and, as appears from the drawings, the metal is mounted to the exterior side relative the dyed film 12.
In the manufacture of the presently preferred embodiment, the dye-treated stratum 12, a roll of 92 to 48 gauge dye-impregnated PET 70% light transmission film is obtained from Martin Processing, Incorporated, Martinsville, VA. and is hard coated, with an approximately 4 micron thick coating or layer 11 of a scratch and abrasion resistant plastic material such as cured organopolysiloxane compound.
A second roll of untreated 48 gauge PET is obtained from Imperior Chemical Company. This film is identified by the manufacturer as ICI 442. The latter 48 gauge roll is then prepared on one surface with a vignette of nickel-chromium applied by conventional vacuum deposition known to the art, i.e., inductive and resistive metallizing by usual methods.
The polyester film is metallized in bands of dark tapering to light which are later cut to achieve the desired vignette. For example, a dark band is vignetted to either side, with the darkest portion in the center being about 35% light transmission over an area of 5 inches, tapering down on either side to 100% transmission. The total band width is approximately 10 inches. The metallized film is then laminated to the
dye-impregnated polyethylene terephthalate film which has a uniform 70% light transmission.
The thickness of the pigmented adhesive may be varied while keeping the concentration of pigment constant, using a variable etched gravure cylinder to apply different -coating weights of the same concentration to achieve varying light transmission densities. The values of the colored adhesive would be 50% light transmission at the darkest band tapering to 70% at a band width of about 10 inches.
The resulting metallized and dyed films are laminated, in being understood that the laminating adhesive may contain the color in an alternative embodiment. The mounting adhesive with a release liner is then applied. Then the finished composite may be cut down the center to yield two rolls of a predetermined desired gradient of light transmission from top to bottom (from middle to side at the time of cut) . Typically a composite sheet of polymer 40 inches wide is metallized in a band wherein the average light transmission is the middle 5 inches is about 22% permissibly ranging from 10 to 30% and in the two one-half inches on either side about 20 to 70% with a gradient from middle to outside; and beyond that about 70%. The roll is trimmed and cut from auto windows such that the film can be positioned to have the dark portion cover the part of the window above the sight line. The film area below the driver's sight line will have a 70% value of light transmission. Any excess width from the roll is discarded.
EXAMPLES
A 48# ga ICI442 Polyester film was metallized with 85:15 nickel:chromium alloy in a dark band which was vignetted to either side, with the darkest portion in the center being 35% light transmission over an area of 5 inches tapering down on either side to 100% transmission. The total width was approximately 10".
A 4 micron thick hardcoat was applied by gravure coating to a uniform dye-impregnated 48 ga. polyethylene terephthalate film which has a 70% light transmission obtained from Martin Processing, Inc.
These two films were then laminated together forming a 150 ga composite with the hard coat being on one of the outer surfaces. The non-hard coated surface was then coated with a pressure sensitive mounting adhesive combined to a protective silicone liner with the silicone coated side facing the adhesive.
The total composite was then slit in half thereby separating the web at the center of the band. The edges were trimmed at the same time to produce a 20" finished product with the vignette on one edge.
Stainless steel may be used as the metal layer. It is also predicted that an aluminum oxide, suitably treated and applied in two depositions, would work.
What is claimed is:
Claims
1. A flexible, solar control, composite sheet for use on the inside surface of a motor vehicle window comprising: a) a first polymeric stratum having a layer of metal applied by conventional vacuum deposition to one of its surfaces, at least a portion of said metal layer having a density great enough to reduce the visible light transmission value to less than about 45% and the reflectance of visible light to no more than about 35%; b) a second polymeric, dye-treated stratum bond¬ ed on a first surface to said first polymeric stratum, and having light transmission values from about 35% to 70%; c) means for adhering said first polymeric stratum to the inside surface of a motor vehicle window; and d) a UV absorber.
2. The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein the layer of metal is applied in a vignette pattern.
3. The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein the means for bonding said first and second polymeric strata is a laminating adhesive.
4. The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein the metal is an alloy of nickel and chromium.
5. The composite sheet of claim 4 wherein the metal is about 85:15 nickel: chromium alloy.
6. The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein the metal is stainless steel.
7. The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein said second stratum is impregnated with the dye.
8. The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein said said stratum is laminated with adhesive impregnated with dye.
9. The composite sheet of claim 2 wherein said composite vignette has an area ranging from 10 to 30% light transmissivity and a second area from 20 to 70% light transmissivity, and no more than about 35% reflectivity.
10. The composite sheet of claim 5 wherein the vignette is created by the cooperation of varying thicknesses and densities of the metal and dye layers.
11. A solar control window unit for a motor vehicle comprising: a) a window having an inside and outside sur¬ f ce; b) a composite solar control sheet comprising:
1) a first polymeric stratum having first and second surfaces, said first surface facing said window;
2) means for adhering said first surface to said inside surface of said window;
3) a layer of metal applied to a surface of said first stratum by means of conventional vacuum deposition, said layer having a vignette pattern with at least a portion of the vignette having an area of high. density at the top of said window above the driver's sight line and a reflectance value of less than about 35%;
4) a second polymeric stratum having first and second surfaces and a light transmissivity of about 70%, said first surface facing said second surface of said first stratum, and dye means associate with said second stratum; and
5) means for joining said two strata.
12. The solar unit of claim 11 wherein the metal is selected from stainless steel, aluminum oxide, and an alloy of nickel-chromium.
13. The solar unit of claim 11 wherein said dye means is a dye impregnated in said second stratum.
14. The solar unit of claim 11 wherein said dye means is in the laminating adhesive.
15. The solar unit of claim 12 wherein said metal is an 85:15 alloy of nickel: chromium.
16. A method of making a motor vehicle window unit comprising the steps: a) applying a vignette layer of metal selected from stainless steel, aluminum oxide and nickel-chromium alloy to a first polymeric stratum by means of conventional vacuum deposition, said layer of metal having a light transmission value of less than about 45%, and a reflectivity of less than about 35%; b) adhering said first stratum to a second dye- treated stratum having a light transmission value of about 35% to 70% to make a composite; c) adhering said composite to the interior surface of a motor vehicle window with said first stratum facing said window.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein said metal layer is an alloy of nickel-chromium.
.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein said metal is 85:15 nickel: chromium alloy.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein the light transmission value of said composite is less than about 45% and the reflectance value is less than about 35%.
20. The method of claim 16 with the addition of UV light absorber and a hard coat layer on the unbonded surface of said second stratum.
21. A visible light control composite film for use in a motor vehicle window, comprising: a vignette layer of metal deposited on a first polymeric stratum by means of conventional vacuum deposition and having an area wherein the light transmission value is less than about 45% and the light reflectance value is less than about 35%, said first stratum bonded to a second dye-treated polymeric stratum having a light transmission value of about 35% to 70%; wherein said metal layer is positioned outwardly relative the dye-treated stratum, and means for adhering said composite to a motor vehicle window.
22. The composite of claim 1 in combination with a motor vehicle window.
23. The composite of claim 2 with the addition of a UV light absorber and a hard coat protecting the exposed surface of said second stratum.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019860700307A KR870700503A (en) | 1984-09-27 | 1986-05-27 | Solar control window film |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US65533684A | 1984-09-27 | 1984-09-27 | |
US655,336 | 1984-09-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1986002038A1 true WO1986002038A1 (en) | 1986-04-10 |
Family
ID=24628480
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1985/001844 WO1986002038A1 (en) | 1984-09-27 | 1985-09-25 | Solar control window film |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS62500778A (en) |
KR (1) | KR870700503A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2176148B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1986002038A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0353677A2 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-02-07 | LINTEC Corporation | A plastics plate and an adhesive film therefor |
US5189551A (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1993-02-23 | Monsanto Company | Solar screening film for a vehicle windshield |
WO1997035216A1 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-25 | Sola International Holdings Ltd. | Coated film for applying to light transmitting articles |
US5693415A (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-12-02 | Hanita Coatings | Composite film for windows comprising a non-stoichiometric aluminum oxide layer |
WO2008011547A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Cpfilms Inc. | Composite, color corrected films comprising an aluminum oxide coating |
WO2008011546A2 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Cpfilms Inc. | Solar control polymer films comprising an aluminum oxide coating |
US7550193B2 (en) | 2006-05-05 | 2009-06-23 | Nanofilm Ltd | Infrared radiation blocking laminate |
US7727352B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2010-06-01 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Method of producing a polarizing optical element |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100310163B1 (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 2001-12-28 | 구광시 | Control film for sun light |
KR100419781B1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2004-02-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Shading Film for the Roll-Type Shading Screen to Be Hung at Indoor Windows and the Method of Manufacturing thereof |
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US3499697A (en) * | 1965-01-04 | 1970-03-10 | Monsanto Co | Pellucid laminate with interference filter multilayer and monolayer |
US3949134A (en) * | 1973-07-18 | 1976-04-06 | Material Distributors Corporation | Solar control film for use by consumers and the like |
US3956559A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1976-05-11 | Material Distributors Corporation | Solar control safety window |
US4226910A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1980-10-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Energy control sheet having insulative properties |
US4247599A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1981-01-27 | Insulating Shade | Composite sheet material having low emittance characteristics |
-
1985
- 1985-09-25 JP JP60504504A patent/JPS62500778A/en active Pending
- 1985-09-25 WO PCT/US1985/001844 patent/WO1986002038A1/en active Application Filing
- 1985-09-25 GB GB08612139A patent/GB2176148B/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-05-27 KR KR1019860700307A patent/KR870700503A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3499697A (en) * | 1965-01-04 | 1970-03-10 | Monsanto Co | Pellucid laminate with interference filter multilayer and monolayer |
US3956559A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1976-05-11 | Material Distributors Corporation | Solar control safety window |
US3949134A (en) * | 1973-07-18 | 1976-04-06 | Material Distributors Corporation | Solar control film for use by consumers and the like |
US4247599A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1981-01-27 | Insulating Shade | Composite sheet material having low emittance characteristics |
US4226910A (en) * | 1979-07-12 | 1980-10-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Energy control sheet having insulative properties |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0353677A2 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-02-07 | LINTEC Corporation | A plastics plate and an adhesive film therefor |
EP0353677A3 (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1991-01-02 | LINTEC Corporation | A plastics plate and an adhesive film therefor |
US5189551A (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1993-02-23 | Monsanto Company | Solar screening film for a vehicle windshield |
US5693415A (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-12-02 | Hanita Coatings | Composite film for windows comprising a non-stoichiometric aluminum oxide layer |
GB2302512B (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1999-04-07 | Hanita Coatings | A composite film for windows |
WO1997035216A1 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-25 | Sola International Holdings Ltd. | Coated film for applying to light transmitting articles |
US7727352B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2010-06-01 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | Method of producing a polarizing optical element |
US7550193B2 (en) | 2006-05-05 | 2009-06-23 | Nanofilm Ltd | Infrared radiation blocking laminate |
WO2008011547A1 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Cpfilms Inc. | Composite, color corrected films comprising an aluminum oxide coating |
WO2008011546A2 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Cpfilms Inc. | Solar control polymer films comprising an aluminum oxide coating |
WO2008011546A3 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2009-04-23 | Cpfilms Inc | Solar control polymer films comprising an aluminum oxide coating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8612139D0 (en) | 1986-06-25 |
JPS62500778A (en) | 1987-04-02 |
GB2176148A (en) | 1986-12-17 |
KR870700503A (en) | 1987-12-29 |
GB2176148B (en) | 1988-10-26 |
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